Q10 Solution

The blast furnace is a pyrometallurgical process used for the production of pig iron, which is
the primary raw material for steelmaking. The reactions in a blast furnace involve the
reduction of iron ore to metallic iron and the removal of impurities through slag formation.
The main chemical reactions are:

Formation of coke:
C + O2 -> CO2

Reduction of iron ore:

Fe2O3 + 3CO -> 2Fe + 3CO2
Fe3O4 + 4CO -> 3Fe + 4CO2

Formation of slag:
CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
SiO2 + CaO -> CaSiO3
Al2O3 + CaO -> CaAl2O4

Reduction of impurities:
FeO + C -> Fe + CO
Fe3O4 + 4C -> 3Fe + 4CO

Low Pressure Pyrometallurgical Process:

The low-pressure pyrometallurgical process is a smelting process used for the extraction of
metals from ores. The process involves heating the ore in a furnace with a reducing agent to
remove the metal from the ore. The main chemical reactions are:

Reduction of metal oxides:

MxOy + zC -> xM + zCO + y/2O2

Formation of slag:
SiO2 + CaO -> CaSiO3
Al2O3 + CaO -> CaAl2O4

Reduction of impurities:
MO + C -> M + CO
MxOy + C -> xM + y/2O2 + CO

High Pressure Pyrometallurgical Process:

The high-pressure pyrometallurgical process is a smelting process used for the extraction of
metals from ores at high pressure and temperature. The process involves heating the ore in
a furnace with a reducing agent and a flux to remove the metal from the ore. The main
chemical reactions are:

Reduction of metal oxides:

MxOy + zC -> xM + zCO + y/2O2
Formation of slag:
CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
SiO2 + CaO -> CaSiO3
Al2O3 + CaO -> CaAl2O4

Reduction of impurities:
MO + C -> M + CO
MxOy + C -> xM + y/2O2 + CO

In summary, the chemical reactions in a blast furnace involve the reduction of iron ore to
metallic iron and the removal of impurities through slag formation, while the low-pressure
and high-pressure pyrometallurgical processes involve the reduction of metal oxides and the
formation of slag to remove impurities.