Nama: Danendra Raissa Pratama

No. Absen: 21
NIM: 4101422142

PRE-FINAL EXAMINATION(FE) INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY TUESDAY,

May 23, 2023 TIME: 07.00-08.30

1. P(w,5) = 20 P(w,3), determine the value of C(2w, w)

Given: P ( w , 5 )=20 P ( w , 3 )
Asked: determine the value of C (2 w , w)
Answer: We know that :

P ( w , 5 )=20 P ( w , 3 )
w! w!
⇔ =20 ∙
( w−5 ) ! ( w−3 ) !
w ( w−1 )( w−2 ) ( w−3 ) ( w−4 ) ( w−5 ) ! w ( w−1 ) ( w−2 ) ( w−3 ) !
⇔ =20 ∙
( w−5 ) ! ( w−3 ) !
⇔ w ( w−1 ) ( w−2 )( w−3 )( w−4 ) =20∙ w ( w−1 )( w−2 )

⇔ ( w−3 ) ( w−4 )=20

⇔ w2−4 w−3 w+12=20

2
⇔ w −7 w−8=0
⇔ ( w−8 ) ( w+1 ) =0

⇔ w=8 ∨w=−1

We know that the requirements of permutation is the positive integer ( Z+¿ ¿ ,so the
number of w that we choose is w=8
Now we get:
C ( 2 w , w )=C ( 2 ( 8 ) , 8 ) =C ( 16,8 )
16 ∙ 15 ∙14 ∙ 13 ∙12 ∙11 ∙10 ∙ 9 ∙ 8!
C ( 16,8 ) = =12870.
8 ! ( 8 ∙ 7 ∙6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3∙ 2 )
So we got the value of C ( 2 w , w )=12870.

2. C(t,2)= t+5, the value of P(2t,t) =...

Given: C ( t ,2 ) =t+5
Asked: determine the value of P ( 2t ,t )
 Answer:
C ( t ,2 ) =t+5
t!
⇔ =t+5
2 ! ( t−2 ) !
t ∙ ( t−1 ) ( t−2 ) !
⇔ =t+5
2 ( t−2 ) !
t ( t−1 )
⇔ =t +5
2
⇔ t 2−t=2t +10
2
⇔ t −3 t−10=0
⇔ ( t−5 )( t +2 )=0
⇔ t=5∨ t=−2
We know that the requirements of permutation is the positive integer ( Z+¿ ¿ ,so the number
of t that we choose is t=5
Now we get:
P ( 2t ,t )=P ( 2 ( 5 ) ,5 )=P ( 10,5 )
10 !
P ( 10,5 )=
( 10−5 ) !
10 ! 10 ∙ 9∙ 8 ∙7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5!
⇔ P ( 10,5 ) = = =30240.
5! 5!
So we got the value of P ( 2t ,t )is 30240.

3. A building has 5 entrances. Three people will enter the building. Find the number of
ways they can enter the building by different doors.

Given: There are 5 entrances

Three people will enter the building
Asked: Find the number of ways they can enter the building by different doors!
Answer:
Because the given, and this problem don’t pay attention to order we can use combination
ways
5 5! 5.4
C 3= = =10.
(5−3 ) ! ( 3 ) ! 2
So, there are 10 ways they can enter the building by different doors.

4. There are 8 candidates for Himatika management. A Himatics board will be formed
consisting of a chairman, a deputy chairman and a treasurer. Determine the number of
Himatika management formations that can be formed if one person is not allowed to hold
concurrent positions.
 Given: There are 8 candidates for Himatika management
will be formed consisting of a chairman, a deputy chairman and a treasurer
Asked: Determine the number of Himatika management formations that can be
formed if one person is not allowed to hold concurrent positions.
Answer:
The number of formations that can be formed
n!
P n=
r ( n−r ) !
8 8!
P =
3 ( 8−3 ) !
8 ×7 × 6 ×5
P 8=
3 5!

8
P =336.
3
So, the number of Himatika management formations that can be formed if one person is
not allowed to hold concurrent positions is 336.

5. From the numbers 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9, a number consisting of three different numbers will
be created. Find the number of numbers that are less than 600.

Given: Number 2,3,5,6,7,9

Asked: Number of numbers that are less than 600
Answer:
Number that are less than 600 that can made by numbers 2,3,5,6,7,9have the
characteristic:
● First digit is less than 6 so there are 3 numbers ( 2,3,5 )
● Second digit is free to fill any number so there are 6 numbers ( 2,3,5,6,7,9 )
● Third digit is free to fill any number so there are 6 numbers (2,3,5,6,7,9)

So by multiplication theorem we get the number of numbers that are less than 600 is
3 ×6 × 6=108 numbers.

Number of numbers that are less than 600 is 108 numbers.

6. Lottery numbers will be generated consisting of one letter followed by two different
numbers and the second number is an even number. Determine the number of lottery
numbers.

Lottery numbers will be generated consisting of one letter followed by two different
numbers and the second number is an even number. Determine the number of lotteries
number.
 Given: A lottery consists of one letter and two number
Second number is an even number.
Asked: number of lotteries
Answer:
Lotteries type is L−N 1−N 2, where N 2 is an even number.
Number of L is 26 because in this world exist 26 alphabets.
Number of N 2 is 5, because even number are {0 ,2 , 4 ,6 ,8 }
Number of N 1 is 9 because one number already used in N 2.

So, number of lotteries number is 26 × 9× 5=1170 lotteries.

7. Find the number of different arrangements that can be made from the letters in the word
“MATHEMATICARIA”

Given: word MATHEMATICARIA

Asked: the number of different arrangements that can be made from the letters in the
word “MATHEMATICARIA”
Answer:
Mathematicaria=11
Where
M =2
A=4
T =2
I =2

So we can solve this question using

14 !
2! 4 ! 2 ! 2!
14 ×13 ×12 ×11 ×10 ×9 × 8× 7 ×6 × 5× 4 !
8× 4 !
14 ×13 ×12 ×11 ×10 ×9 × 8× 7 ×6 × 5
8
14 × 13× 12× 11×10 × 9 ×7 ×6 × 5=454.053.600
There are 454.053 .600different arrangements that can be made from the letters in the
word “MATHEMATICARIA”

8. Determine the number of diagonals of facet 200.

Given: n=200
Asked: the number of diagonals of facet 200
Answer:
 A facet is a polygon that forms part of a larger shape such as a polyhedron. In this case,
we have facet 200 which implies a polygon with 200 sides
To determine the number of diagonals a polygon, we can use the formula
n ( n−3 )
2
Substitute n=200 into the formula
n ( n−3 ) 200 ( 200−3 ) 200 ( 197 )
= = =39.400 .
2 2 2

Therefore the number of diagonals of facet 200 is 39.400.

9. Before parting ways with her friends Anita and all her friends shook hands once. Anita
counted 66 handshakes. Determine the number of people present at the meeting.

10. It is known that A = {a,b,c,d,e,f, g}. Find the number of subsets that have at least 4
elements.

Given: A={ a , b , c ,d , e , f , g }
Asked: The number of subsets that have at least 4 elements.
Answer:
The subsets that have 4 elements can be calculated by C 74
7! 7.6 .5 .4 ! 7.6 .5
C 74= = = =35
( 7−4 ) ! 4 ! 3 !4 ! 3.2
The subsets that have 5 elements can be calculated by C 75
7 7! 7.6 .5 ! 7.6
C 5= = = =21
( 7−5 ) !5 ! 2! 5 ! 2
The subsets that have 6 elements can be calculated by C 76
7 7! 7.6 !
C 6= = =7
( 7−6 ) ! 6 ! 1 !6 !
The subset that has 7 elements can be calculated by C 77
7!
C 77= =1
( 7−7 ) !7 !
The number of subsets that have at least 4 elements is C 74 +C 75+ C76 +C 77=35+21+7+ 1=64.

11. In the expansion (1-2x)11 , the coefficient of x3 is n times the coefficient of x2. Determine
the value of n.

Given: the expansion ( 1−2 x )11 and the coefficient of x 3 is n times the coefficient of x 2
.
Asked: the value of n ?
Answer:
 We know that
n
(a+ b) =∑
n

r =0
(nr) a n−r r
b

So we get
11
(1−2 x) =∑
11

r=0
(11r )1 11−r
(−2 x)
r

3
First we want to find the coefficient of x
11 11−r
r ( ) r
1 (−2 x ) =x
3

x r=x 3
r =3
Subtitution r =3

(113 )1 11−3
(−2 x)3=
11!
3!8!
(−8 ) x 3=165 (−8 ) x 3=−1320 x 3

Find the coefficient of x 2

(11r )1 11−r
(−2 x ) =x
r 2

r 2
x =x
r =2
Subtitution r =2

(112 )1 11−2
(−2 x)2=
11 !
2! 9!
4 x 2=55 . 4 x 2=220 x2

If the coefficient of x 3 is n times the coefficient of x 2

So, n x 2=x 3
n 220 x 2=−1320 x3
220 n=−1320
n=6
So the value of n is 6.

12. Find the probability that a family that will have 5 children will have at least 3 boys.

Given: A family that will have 5 children will have at least 3 boys.
Asked: Find the probability that a family that will have 5 children will have at least 3
boys.
Answer:
From 5 children, it can be a boy or a girl.
Therefore,
5
n(S)=2 =32.
Let, B be the event that a family will have at least 3 boys
We get,
 ()()()
n ( B )= 5 + 5 + 5 =10+5+1=16.
3 4 5
The probability that a family that will have 5 children will have at least 3 boys
n ( B ) 16 1
P ( B )= = = .
n ( S ) 32 2
1
So, the probability that a family that will have 5 children will have at least 3 boys is .
2

A bag containts 23 marbles of which 20 are red and 20 are yellow. Three marbles are
taken from the bag randomly. Find the probabiliy of getting three red marbles

13. The chances of Ani, Budi and Tigor passing the SNBP respectively are 2:5, 1:3 , 3:10 .
Determine the probability that at least two of the three pass SNBP.

3
Given : P(A)=The chances of Ani passing the SNBP =
5
1
P(B)= The chances of Budi passing the SNBP =
3
3
P(T)= The chances of Tigor passing the SNBP =
10
Asked : The probability that at least two of the three pass SNBP is….
Answer:
3 2
P( if Ani not pass ) = 1 - =
5 5
1 2
P ( if Budi not pass ) = 1 - =
3 3
3 7
P ( if Tigor not pass ) = 1 - =
10 10
a. Probability Ani and Budi pass the SNMPTN, Tigor does not pass the SNMPTN
3 1 7 21
x x =
5 3 10 150
b. Probability Ani and Tigor pass the SNMPTN, Budi does not pass the SNMPTN
3 3 3 27
x x =
5 10 3 150
c. Probability Budi and Tigor pass the SNMPTN, Ani does not pass the SNMPTN
2 3 2 12
x x =
3 10 5 150
d. Probability Ani, Budi and Tigor pass the SNMPTN
3 1 3 9
x x =
5 3 10 150
The probability that at least two of the three pass SNMPTN (SNBT) by adding all of
the possibilities. Thus,
 21 27 12 9 21+ 27+12+9 69
+ + + = = .
150 150 150 150 150 150

14. Given: A bag contains 23 marbles of which 20 are red and 3 are yellow.
Three marbles are taken from the bag at random.
Asked: The probability of getting three red marbles
Answer:
Let A be even of getting three red marbles, and S be sample space. Then,
23 ! 23.22 .21. 20 !
n ( S )=C ( 23,3 )= = =1771.
3 ! ( 23−3 ) ! 3.2 .1. 20 !

n( A) C(3,0) ×C (20,3)
P ( A )= = =
1× ( 3 !20.17! ! ) = 1140 .
n(S ) 1771 1771 1771
1140
The probability of getting three red marbles is .
1771

15. Box A contains 8 green marbles and 2 yellow marbles. Box B contains 4 green marbles
and 6 yellow marbles. A marble is taken from box A and put in box B. After all the
marbles are mixed evenly, a marble is taken from box B. Find the probability that the
same colored marble is drawn from box A and box B.

Given:
a Box A contains 8 green marbles and 2 yellow marbles
b Box B contains 4 green marbles and 6 yellow marbles
c A marble is taken from A and put into box B
d After all marble is mixed evenly, then a marble is taken from B

Asked: The probability that the same colored marble is drawn from box A and box B.
Answer:
Suppose X is the event of getting same color from box A and B
Then, make a tree diagram to make easier
8 5 2 7
P ( X )= ∙ + ∙
10 11 10 11
40 14
¿ +
110 110
54
¿ =0,4909 .
110
54
So, probability of getting same color from box A and B namely P(X) is
110

16. In a basket there are 40 guavas, 25 of which are red and the others are green. There
were 8 rotten red guavas, while there were 6 rotten green guavas. Randomly taken a
 guava from the basket. If the guava collected is a red guava, determine the
probability that the guava is rotten.

17. In a box there are 10 cards consisting of two cards numbered 1, two cards numbered 3, two
cards numbered 5, two cards numbered 7 and two cards numbered 9. Two cards are taken at
random. If the random variable X represents the difference in the numbers of the two cards
drawn. Determine the value of P(X=1).

 total card = 10
number no. of card
1 2
3 2
5 2

7 2
9 2
X = the difference in the numbers of two cards drawn
Asked: Determine the value of P(X=1)
Answer:
For P(X=1), the two card must be
0
P( X =1)= 10
=0
C2

18.Y random variable with f.k.p. f(y) = y2:: 5 , 0<y<3, f(y)= 0 for another y. Determine the
mathematical expectation Y and variance of Y.

19. The density function of the random variable X is known with f(x) = y √x , 0<x<1;
f(x)= 0, for another x. Determine the satisfactory y-value.

Given: the function is the density function with:

f (x)={ y √ x , 0< x< 10 , for any other x .

Asked: Determine the satisfactory value of y ?

Answer: Because we know that the function is a density function,

then
∞

∫ f ( x ) dx=1
−∞
0 1 ∞
⟺ ∫ f ( x ) dx +∫ f ( x ) dx +∫ f ( x ) dx =1
−∞ 0 1
 0 1 ∞
⟺ ∫ 0 dx +∫ y √ x dx+∫ 0 dx=1
−∞ 0 1
1 1
⟺ 0+ y ∫ ( x ) dx+ 0=1 2

[ ]
3
2 2 1
⟺y x =1
3 0

⟺y
[√]
2 3 1
3
x
0
=1

⟺y
[ √( )
2
3
1 −
3 2
3
√ ]
( 0 )3 = 1

⟺y ( 23 )=1
3
⟺ y= .
2

20. H event, the Harvey family has a boy and a girl. If the Harvey family has at most one
son. If the Harvey family has 3 children, find out if H and K are independent? are H and K
foreign to each other?

Given: H is the event that the Harvey family has a boy and a girld.
K is the event that the Harvey family has at most one son.
Asked: If the family has 3 children, are H and K independent? are H and K disjoint
(foreign) to each other?
Answer:
Let: D for Daughter and S for Son
Because the Hariman family has 3 children, so,
S= { DDD , DDS , DSD , SDD , SSD , SDS , DSS , SSS }
n ( S )=8
Then we know that H is the event that the Hariman family has a son and a daughter, so,
H= { DDS , DSD , SDD , SSD , SDS , DSS }
n ( H )=6
n(H ) 6
So, we will get P ( H )= =
n(S) 8
And then we know that K is the event that the Hariman family has at most one son, so,
K={DDS , DSD , SDD , DDD}
n ( K )=4
n( K ) 4
So, we will get P ( K )= =
n( S) 8
We can get H ∩ K= { DDS , DSD , SDD }
n ( H ∩ K )=3
 n(H ∩ K) 3
So, we will get P ( H ∩ K )= =
n(S) 8
To find that are H and K independent or not, we can use the definition of independence,
that is
P ( H ∩ K )=P ( H ) ∙ P(K )
3 6 4
⇔ = ∙
8 8 8
3 3
⇔ = .
8 8
Because P ( H ∩ K )=P ( H ) ∙ P( K ) then H and K are independent.
To find that are H and K disjoint or not, we know that:
If two events are disjoint, then H ∩ K=∅ so that P ( H ∩ K )=0.
Thus, P ( H ∩ K )=0
3
⇔ ≠ 0.
8
Because P ( H ∩ K ) ≠ 0 then H and K are not disjoint.
In conclusion, if the Hariman family has 3 children, then H and K are independent and
they are not disjoint.

21. There are three bags A, B and C. Bag A contains 4 red marbles and 6 green marbles.
Bag B contains 7 red marbles and 3 green marbles. Bag C contains 2 red marbles and 8
green marbles. A bag is picked at random and a marble is taken from the bag. If a red
marble is drawn, find the probability that the marble drawn is from bag C.
22. It is known that a group of experts consists of 5 mathematicians and 4 computer
experts. Commission Four consisting of four people was formed by randomly selecting
from the nine experts. Determine the mathematical expectation value and the variance of
the number of mathematicians who can sit on the Commission of Four.

Given:
A group of experts consists of 5 mathematicians and 4 computer experts
Commission Four consisting of four people was formed by randomly selecting
from the nine experts
Asked:
Determine the mathematical expectation value and the variance of the number of
mathematicians who can sit on the Commission of Four
Answer:
Let X be a random variable that represent the number of mathematicians who can sit on
the Commission of Four
9! 9 ×8 × 7 ×6 ×5 !
n ( S )=9C 4 = = =126
( 9−4 ) ! × 4 ! 5 !× 24
5 C 0 × 4 C 4 1 ×1 1
f ( X=0 )= = =
n(S ) 126 126
 5 C1 × 4 C3 5 ×4 20
f ( X=1 )= = =
n( S) 126 126
5 C2 × 4 C 2 10 ×6 60
f ( X=2 )= = =
n(S) 126 126
5 C 3 × 4 C 1 10 × 4 40
f ( X=3 ) = = =
n(S) 126 126
5 C 4 × 4 C 0 5× 1 5
f ( X=4 )= = =
n(S) 126 126
x 0 1 2 3 4
1 20 60 40 5
f ( x)
126 126 126 126 126

( 1261 )+1( 126 )+2( 126 )+3 ( 126 )+4 ( 1265 )

❑
20 60 40
E ( X ) =∑ ❑ x f ( x )=0
x
20 120 120 20
¿ 0+ + + +
126 126 126 126
280
¿
126

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
❑
1 20 60 40 5
E ( X 2) =∑ ❑ x 2 f ( x )=0 2 +12 +22 +32 + 42
x 126 126 126 126 126
20 240 360 80
¿ 0+ + + +
126 126 126 126
700
¿
126

( )
2
( E ( X )) = 280 = 78.400
2

126 15.876
Var ( X )=E ( X 2 )−( E (X ) )
2

700 78.400
¿ −
126 15.876
88.200−78.400 9.800 50
¿ = =
15.876 15.876 81

∴The mathematical expectation value and the variance of the number of mathematicians
280 50
who can sit on the Commission of Four is and , respectively.
126 81

23.Y is a random variable with a density function f(y) = (2y – 1):6 , for 1 < y <
3; f(y) = 0 for another y. Find a) E(Y), b) E(30Y + 2023), c) Var(Y),
d) Var(100Y – 23052023)

Find,
a) E(Y ),
b) E(30 Y −2023),
 c) Var (Y ),
d) Var (100 Y −23052023).
Solution
Is know :

{
1
f ( y ) = 6 ( 2 y −1 ) , 1< y <3
0 , otherwise
Determine : The value of,
a) E(Y ),
b) E(30 Y −2023),
c) Var (Y ),
d) Var (100 Y −23052023).
Answer :
3
1
a) E ( Y )=∫ y ( 2 y−1 ) dy
1 6

[ ]
3 2 3
x x
E ( x )= −
9 12 1

( )( )
3 2 3 2
3 3 1 1
E ( x )= − − −
9 12 9 12
20
E ( x )= .
9

b) E ( 30 Y −2023 ) =30 ∙ E ( Y ) +2023

20
E ( 30 Y −2023 ) =30 × +2023
9
6269
E ( 30 Y −2023 ) = .
3

c) Var (Y )=E ( Y 2 ) −μ2

3

( ) ( )
2
1 20
Var ( X )=∫ y 2 ( 2 y−1 ) dy −
1 6 9
y 4 y 3 3 400
Var ( X )= − ∨¿ − ¿
12 18 1 81
47 400
Var ( X )= −
9 81
23
Var ( X )= .
81
d) Var ( 100Y −23052023 )=1002 Var ( X ) +0
Var ( 100Y −23052023 )=1002
23
81 ( )
 230000
Var ( 100Y −23052023 )= .
81

24.From a fruit pack containing three oranges, two mangoes and three bananas, 4 are
randomly selected. If x represents the number of oranges and Y the number of mangoes in
the sample, calculate:
a) Joint probability distribution of X and Y
b) Calculate P[(x,y) A,if A={(x,y)|x+y≤2}]
c) Marginal distribution x
d) Marginal distribution y
e) F(y|2)
f) P(Y=0|X=2)
g) Check if X and Y are free?
25. Two random variables have a combined solid function 𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) = 𝑘(𝑥2+𝑦2), if
0<𝑥<2,1<𝑦<40, and f(x,y) = 0 if another 𝑥,𝑦
a) Find the value of k
b) Calculate P[(x,y)∈A] if A={(x,y)|0<x<2, 2<y<3}
c) Calculate P[(x,y)∈A] if A={(x,y)|1≤x≤2}
d) Find P[(x,y)∈A] if A={(x,y)|X+Y>4}