low-glycemic index

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 United Nations for declaring 2023 as International Year of
Millets (IYoM). The proposal of India was supported by 72
countries and United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)
declared 2023 as International Year of Millets (IYOM) in
March, 2021.

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 There is limited information on the origin of
barnyard millets. General consensus is that
these originated in central Asia; Echinochloa
esculenta was domesticated in Japan, China
and Korea whereas Echinochloa
frumentacea was domesticated in India.

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 The origin of the little millet crop is not well documented
except for its probable Indian origin. Little millet was
domesticated in the Eastern Ghats of India and spread to Sri
Lanka, Nepal, and Myanmar.

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 However, a study showed that bio-ethanol can
be created using sorghum (jowar) and pearl
millet (bajra), and that this fuel could bring
down carbon emissions by about half.

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 • India is the largest producer of millets in the world.
• Millets are mainly grown in poor agroclimatic regions, particularly rainfed areas of the country.
• In the year 2022, India produced 17.60 Mn MT of millets that included 4.40 Mn MT of sorghum and
13.20 Mn MT of other millets
• Millet production has grown at from 16.03 Mn MT in 2012 to 17.60 Mn MT in 2022
• The area under millets in India was 15.40 Mn Ha in 2012 but fell to 14.00 Mn Ha in 2022,
• The productivity of millets has risen from approximately 1.04 MT/ha in 2012 to 1.26 MT/Ha in 2022,

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 • The millet production basket comprised of sorghum and other millets (finger, foxtail, proso
millets etc).
• In 2012, sorghum production was 5.28 Mn MT which dropped to 4.40 Mn MT in 2022,
• In 2012, other millets production was 10.72 Mn MT, which grew to reach 13.20 Mn MT in
20228
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 Within India, Rajasthan was the largest producer of millets with
a production of 5.15 Mn MT in 2020-21, contributing to 28.61%
to the national production. Karnataka was the second largest
contributor, producing 2.56 Mn MT and contributing to 14.26%
of national production. Other major millet producing states
included Maharashtra (2.51 Mn MT (13.95%)), Uttar Pradesh
(2.29 Mn MT (12.75%)), Haryana (1.36 Mn MT (7.58%)) and
Gujarat (1.09 Mn MT (6.06%)).

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 • As the largest producer of millets, India plays a vital role in the global millets trade.

• In the year 2021, India ranked 7th in global millet exports in terms of value - worth
USD 65.10 Mn (1.66% of global trade) –
and 10th in terms of volume of 1.68 lakh MT (0.45% of global trade).

• India witnessed exports rising from USD 55.22 Mn in 2011 to USD 65.1 Mn in 2021,

• In volume terms, exports declined at negative 0.52% from 1.76 Lakh MT in 2011 to
1.68 Lakh MT in 2021

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 The top five export destinations for India in terms of value in 2021 were UAE with
USD 13.16 Mn (20.22%), Saudi Arabia with USD 6.29 Mn (9.67%), Nepal with USD
6.28 Mn (9.65%), USA with USD 4.19 Mn (6.44%) and Kenya with USD 3.23 Mn
(4.96%). In terms of volume, top fi ve export destinations in the year 2021 were
UAE with 37.88 thousand MT (22.58%), Nepal with 22.42 thousand MT (13.36%),
Saudi Arabia with 20.15 thousand MT (12.01%), Kenya with 10.60 thousand MT
(6.32%) and Bangladesh with 7.73 thousand MT (4.61%).

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• What is MIIRA?
• The acronym MIIRA stands for ‘Millet International Initiative for Research and Awareness’.
• The MIIRA will be aimed at coordinating millet research programmes at the international level.
• It is in line with the UN declaring 2023 as the International Year of Millets, the proposal for which was
moved by India and supported by 72 countries.
• What is the aim of MIIRA?
• MIIRA will aim to connect millet research organisations across the world while also supporting research
on these crops.
• This is significant as issues like food security and nutrition are among the key priority areas in the
agriculture sector during India’s G20 Presidency.
• Who will fund the MIIRA initiative?
• For MIIRA to take off, India will contribute the “seed money”, while each G20 member will later
have to contribute to its budget in the form of a membership fee.
• The MIIRA secretariat will be in Delhi, the sources said, adding that with India being a major
producer of millets, this will ensure a flow of investment from the country’s industry and
research bodies.

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