M Sol Ch-27 Probability

Chapter 27
Probability
1. Answer (4) 7. Answer (1)
Restricting sample space as S = {00, 01, 02, 03, 1 1 5
04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 20, 30, 40}. P( A B) P ( A B ) 1–
6 6 6
1 1 1 3
? P(sum of digits is 8) = . P ( A) P ( A) 1–
14 4 4 4
2. Answer (2) ' P( A B) P ( A ) P (B ) – P ( A B )
Total number of cases = 9C3 = 84
5 3 1
Favourable cases = 3C1.4C1.2C1 = 24 P (B ) –
6 4 4
24 2
p 1
84 7 P (B )
3
3. Answer (3)
' P(A) z P(B) so they are not equally likely.
Statement-2 is false.
3 1 1
The outcomes 2, 8, 14, 20 is an AP with common Also P(A) × P(B) = u
4 3 4
difference 6.
= P(A B)
4. Answer (2)
' P ( A B ) P ( A) P (B ) so A & B are
§ Ac B c · P ( Ac B c C ) independent.
P¨ ¸¸
¨ C P (C ) 8. Answer (1)
© ¹
Question is wrong but the best suitable option
P (C ) P (C A) P (C B ) P ( A B C ) is (1).
P (C ) 11
12 29 55 § 2 ·
Required probability = C3 =
Let A, B, C be pairwise independent events
312 3 ¨© 3 ¸¹
P (C ) P (C ).P ( A) P (C ).P (B ) 0 9. Answer (3)
P (C )
1
P (E1)
= 1 – P(A) – P(B) (' P(C) z 0) 6
= P(Ac ) – P(B)
1
5. Answer (1) P (E 2 )
6
6. Answer (3)
P(E1 E2) = P(A shows 4 and B shows 2)
4 5
5 § 1· § 2· § 1· 1
Required probability C4 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ 5C5 ¨ ¸ = P (E1).P (E2 )
©3¹ ©3¹ ©3¹ 36
So E1, E2 are independent
1 2 1
5u u
81 3 35 Also as E1 E2 E3 = I
So P(E1 E2 E3) z P(E1. P(E2). P(E3)
10 1 11
So E1, E2, E3 are not independent.
35 35 35
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MATHEMATICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

n = 10 X = number of aces drawn
15 ? P( X 1) P ( X 2)
p(Probability of drawing a green ball) =
25
4 48 48 4 ½ 4 4½
® u u ¾® u ¾
3 2 ¯ 52 52 52 52 ¿ ¯ 52 52 ¿
? p , q
5 5
24 1 25
var(X) = n.p.q
169 169 169
6 12 15. Answer (3)
= 10
25 5 Let drawing a green ball is G and a red ball is R
11. Answer (1) ? The probability that second drawn ball is red
1 §R · §R ·
P ( A) P ( B ) P ( A B ) P (G ) P ¨ ¸ P (R )P ¨ ¸
4 ©G ¹ ©R¹
1 2 6 5 4
P (B ) P (C ) P (B C ) u u
4 7 7 7 7
12 20 32
1 49 49
P (C ) P ( A) P ( A C )
4 16. Answer (4)
P ( A) P (B ) P (C ) P ( A B ) P (B C ) 11
P (7 or 8 is the sum of two dice) =
3 36
P( A C )
8 2
P (7 or 8 is the number of card) =
9
1
' P(A B C ) 1 11 1 2
16 Required probability = u u
2 36 2 9
3 1 7 1 § 11 8 · 19
? P(A B C )
= ¨
8 16 16 2 © 36 ¸¹ 72
Total number of ways = 11C
2 Let the number of independent shots required to hit
= 55 the target at least once is n
n
§2· 5
Favourable ways are 1 ¨ ¸ !
©3¹ 6
(0, 4), (0, 8), (4, 8), (2, 6), (2, 10), (6, 10)
n
§2· 1
6 ¨ ¸
Probability = ©3¹ 6
55
Least value of n is 5
13. Answer (2)
Option (2) is correct.
E1 : Event that first ball drawn is red. 18. Answer (4)
E2 : Event that first ball drawn is black. Probability that sum of selected two numbers is
E : Event that second ball drawn is red. even
§E · § E ·
6
C2 5C2
P (E1 )
P (E ) P (E1).P ¨ ¸ P (E2 ).P ¨ ¸ 11
C2
© E1 ¹ © E2 ¹
Probability that sum is even and selected numbers
4 6 6 4 5
C2
u u are also even P (E2 )
10 12 10 12 11
C2
2 §E · 5
C2 10 2
? P¨ 2 ¸ .
5 6
C2 5C2 15 10
© E1 ¹ 5
ARCHIVE - JEE (Main) MATHEMATICS
30 3 10 1 2 1
p , q Probability of getting 5 or 6 = P(E) =
40 4 40 4 6 3
n = 16 1 2
Probability of not getting 5 or 6 = P(E) = 1–
Mean of X np np 3 3
standard deviation of X npq q E will consider as success.
3 Event Success in Success in Success in No success

16 u Ist attempt IInd attempt 3rd attempt in 3 attempt
4
= 1 Probability 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
u u u u u
4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Gain/loss 100 50 0 –150
= 48 4 3
His expected gain/loss
20. Answer (4)
Total number of subset = 220 1 2 8
= u 100 u 50 u –150
20 u 21 3 9 27
Now sum of all number from 1 to 20 210
2 900 300 – 1200
Now we have to find the sets which has sum 7. = =0
27
(1) {7} 24. Answer (3)
(2) {1, 6}
' A B; so A B A
(3) {2, 5}
(4) {3, 4} § A· P( A B)
Now, P ¨ ¸
©B¹ P (B )
(5) {1, 2, 4}
So, there is only 5 sets which has sum 203 § A· P ( A)
P¨ ¸
5 ©B¹ P (B )
So required probability
220
21. Answer (3) ' P B d 1
To end the experiment in the fifth throw, possibility § A·
is 4 × × 4 4, × 4 × 4 4, × × × 4 4 (where × is any So, P ¨ ¸ t P ( A )
©B¹
number except 4)
§ 1· §5 · §5 · § 1· § 1· §5· § 1· §5·
Probability = ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ + ¨ ¸¨ ¸¨ ¸ 25. Answer (3)
©6¹©6¹©6¹©6¹ ©6¹ ©6¹©6¹©6¹
1 1
3
§ 1· § 1· § 5 · § 1·
2
p P H ,q 1 p
¨ ¸¨ ¸+ ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ 2 2
©6¹©6¹ ©6¹ ©6¹
9
25 25 125 175 P x t 1 t
= 10
65 65
22. Answer (3) 9
1 P x 0 t
A = Set of students who opted for NCC 10
B = Set of Students who opted for NSS n
§ 1· 9
n(A) = 40, n(B) = 30, n(AB) = 20 1 nC0 ¨ ¸ t
©2¹ 10
n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(AB)
= 40 + 30 – 20 1 9 1 1
n
d 1 n d
2 10 2 10
= 50
2n t 10 nt4
50 1
? Required probability = 1 nmin = 4
60 6

P(at least one) = 1 – P(none) Let p is the probability that candidate can solve a
problem.
1 2 3 7
1– u u u
2 3 4 8 4 1
p ; q (' p + q = 1)
5 5
7
1– Probability that candidate is able to solve either 50
32 or 49 problems = 50C50p50·q0 + 50C49·p49·q1
= p49 [p + 50q]
25
32 49
§ 4 · § 4 50 ·
= ¨ ¸ ·¨ ¸
27. Answer (1) ©5¹ ©5 5 ¹
A = At least two girls 54 § 4 ·

49
= ·¨ ¸
B = All girls 5 ©5¹
31. Answer (1)
§B· P B A
P¨ ¸ Let X be the random variable which denotes the Rs
© A¹ P ( A) gained by the person.
Total cases 36 ½
4
§ 1· ° favourable cases are °
¨ ¸ 6 1 ° °
P B ©4¹ PX 15 ® ¾
36 6 ° (1,1), (2,2), (3, 3), (4, 4),°
P A § 1·
4
§ 1·
4
°¯(5, 5), (6, 6) °¿
1– 4C0 ¨ ¸ – 4C1 ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹
4 1 Favourable cases are ½
PX 12 ® ¾
1 1 36 9 ¯(6, 3), (5, 4), (4, 5), (3, 6)¿
16 – 1– 4 11 26 13
PX 6
28. Answer (4) 36 18
n
X 15 12 6
§ 1· 99
1 ¨ ¸ ! 1 1 13
2
© ¹ 100 PX
6 9 18
5 4 13
§ 1·
n
1 X ·P X
¨ 2 ¸ 100 2 3 3
© ¹
5 4 13 1
? n t7 E( X ) ¦ X ·P( X )
2 3 3

2
Minimum value is 7. 32. Answer (4)
29. Answer (4) k 3 4 5

5 2 1
P 8, V2 4 P (k )
32 32 32
P = np = 8, V2 = npq = 4, p + q = 1
? For k = 1 or 2,
1 1 5 2 1 24
q ,p ,n 16 ? P (k ) 1
2 2 32 32 32 32
k
P X d 2 Now expectation
216
§ 5 · § 2 · § 1 · § 24 ·
16 16 16 ¨ 3 u 32 ¸ ¨ 4 u 32 ¸ ¨ 5 u 32 ¸ ( 1) ¨ 32 ¸
16 § 1· § 1· § 1· k © ¹ © ¹ © ¹ © ¹
C0 ¨ ¸ 16C1 ¨ ¸ 16C2 ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹ 216 4 1
k = (1 + 16 + 120) = 137 32 8
1
Probability that a machine is faulted
4
P
Given P A B P A B 2
5
Probability that a machine is not faulted
2
1 3 P A P B 2P A B
1 q 5
4 4
? Probability that atmost two machine is faulted 2
P A * B P A B
= P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) 5
0 5 1 4 2 3
§ 1· §3 · 5 § 1· §3 · 5 § 1· §3· 1 2
5
? C0 ¨ ¸ ·¨ ¸ C1 ¨ ¸ . ¨ ¸ C2 ¨ ¸ ·¨ ¸ P A B
4 4
© ¹ © ¹ 4
© ¹ © ¹4 ©4¹ ©4¹ 2 5
3
§3· 1
¨ 4 ¸ ·k P A B
© ¹ 10
2 2
§3· 1 3 § 1· 36. Answer (3)
¨ ¸ 5 · · 10 ·¨ ¸ K
©4¹ 4 4 ©4¹ Second A comes before third B, so this process
will be finished either in two draws or in three
10 15 9 34 17
? k draws or in four draws.
16 16 8
If process is finished in two draws,
34. Answer (3)
1 1 1
P ( AA) .
P( A B) 1 2 2 4
For option (1) P (A/B) P ( A)
P (B ) 3
If process is finished in three draws
2 § 1 1 1· 1
Similarly P (Ac/Bc) P ( Ac) P ( ABA or BAA) 2 ¨ . . ¸
3 ©2 2 2¹ 4
If process is finished in four draws, P(ABBA or

1 5
.
P ( A)(1 P (B )) 3 6 1 § 1 1 1 1· 3
P (A/Bc) BABA or BBAA) 3¨ . . . ¸
(1 P (B )) 5 3 © 2 2 2 2 ¹ 16
6
1 1 3 11
Total probability
P ( A ( A B )) 4 4 16 16
P (A/A B)
P( A B)
37. Answer (1)
P ( A) Total ways of distribution = 410 = 220
P( A B)
Favourable ways = 4
C2
10
C5
5
C3 2 2
5
Selecting Selecting Distributing 5 Distributing

1 two boxes
out of four
5 balls
out of 10
balls into two
groups of
remaining
balls into two
2 balls and boxes
3 3 balls
1 1 1

3 6 18 6 252 10 2 25
Required probability =
220
6 3
6 3 1 4 3 u 63 u 5 945
= 10
' Option (3) is correct 2 210

P(x > 2) = P(x = 3) + P(x = 4) + P(x = 5) Let A is the event for getting score a multiple of 4
= k + 2k + 5k2 So, n(A) = (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2), (2, 6), (6, 2),
(3, 5), (5, 3), (4, 4) & (6, 6) = 09
= 5k2 + 3k
n(A) = 9
Now 6pi = k2 + 2k + k + 2k + 5k2
& n(B) = (4, 4) = 1
= 6k2 + 5k
as 6pi = 1 6k2 + 5k = 1 (k + 1)(6k – 1) = 1
0 So, P (E )
9
1 42. Answer (4)

k =
6 Sample space = 9 × 104
Case-I
5 3 23
p(x > 2) =
36 6 36 Out of exactly two digits selected one is zero then
favourable cases = 9C1(24 – 1)
39. Answer (4)
Case-II
1
Here P B1 P B2 {B1, B2 are bags} Both selected digits are non-zero then favourable
2 cases = 9C2(25 – 2)
§ NP ·
and P(Non-prime) P B1 u P ¨ ¸ P B2 u 9(24 1)
9.8 5
(2 2)
© B1 ¹ Prob. 2
4
9 u 10
§ NP ·
P¨ ¸
© B2 ¹ 15 120 135
104 104
1 20 1 15
u u
2 30 2 20 43. Answer (4)
5
1 20 Probability of sum getting 6 and
u 36
§ B · 2 30
So, P ¨ 1 ¸
© NP ¹ 1 20 1 15
u u 6 1
2 30 2 20 Probability of sum getting 7
36 6
8 Game ends and A wins if A throws 6 in 1st throw
17 or A don’t throw 6 in 1st throw, B don’t throw 7 in
1st throw and then A throw 6 in his 2nd chance and
40. Answer (4)
so on.
Here
i.e A A B A A B A B A .........
P¨
§ E2C EC3 · ¬
P ªE1 EC2 EC3 º
¼ 5 § 31 · § 30 · § 5 ·
¸¸ =
¨
© E1 ¹ P E1 ¨ ¸¨ ¸¨ ¸ .........f
36 © 36 ¹ © 36 ¹ © 36 ¹
5 § 155 § 155 · ·
2
¨1 ¨ ¸ .........f ¸
P E1 – P E1 E2 – P E2 E3 + 0 36 © 216 © 216 ¹ ¹
=
P E1
5
= 1 – P(E2) – P(E3) 36 30
61 61
C

= P E2 – P E3 or P E3 – P E2
C
216

For an A.P. of three terms, we must select two Probability of getting at least two 3cs or 5cs in one
even numbers or two odd numbers from given trial =
numbers and third number will be fixed
automatically. 2 2 3 4
4 § 1· § 2· § 1· §2· § 1·
C2 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ 4C3 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ 4C4 ¨ ¸
6
C2 + 5C2 25 5 ©3¹ ©3¹ ©3¹ ©3¹ ©3¹
Required probability = 11
= =
C3 165 33
33 11
= 4
45. Answer (1) 3 27
P( A B) P ( A) P ( B ) – P ( A B ) § 11 ·
E(x) = np = 27 ¨ ¸ 11
© 27 ¹
= 1 – 0.8 = 0.2
49. Answer (11)
Now,
Let ‘n’ bombs are required, then
P( A B C) P ( A) P (B ) P (C ) – P ( A B ) 1 n –1 0 n
§ 1· § 1· § 1· § 1· 99
1– nC1 · ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ – nC0 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ t
– P (B C ) – P (C A ) P ( A B C ) ©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹ 100
D = 0.6 + 0.4 + 0.5 – 0.2 – E – 0.3 + 0.2 1 n 1

t
E = 1.2 – D
100 2n
2n t 100(n + 1)
? D [0.85, 0.95]
n t 11
then E [0.25, 0.35] 50. Answer (2)

Let number of trials be ‘n’
46. Answer (490.00) given
Atmost 3 = Total – (All selected balls are red) 2 n2 3 n3
n § 1· § 1· n § 1· § 1·
12C 5C C2 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ C3 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
= 4 – 4 ©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹
= 495 – 5 = 490 n=5
47. Answer (3) Probability of getting odd number for odd number
of times is
1 9 1
p ,q = (5C1 + 5C3 + 5C5 )
10 10 25
n 24 1
§ 9 · 5
P(not hitting target in n trials) = ¨ ¸ 2 2
© 10 ¹
51. Answer (06)
n
Let P(B1) = x, P(B2) = y, P(B3) = z
§ 9 ·
P(at least one hit) = 1– ¨ ¸
© 10 ¹ D P(B1 B2 B3 ) P(B1 )P(B2 )P(B3 )
D = x (1 – y)(1 – z) …(i)
n
§ 9 · 1 Similarly E= (1 – x) y (1 – z) …(ii)
Given, 1– ¨ ¸ >
© 10 ¹ 4 J= (1 – x)(1 – y)z …(iii)
p= (1 – x)(1 – y)(1 – z) …(iv)
(0.9)n 0.75
x D D
(i) & (iv) x
nminimum 3 1 x p Dp
54. Answer (3)

z J J
(iii) & (iv) z For equal roots b2 = 4ac
1 z p J p
a, b, c {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Favourable case
D J p p
1 b=2 a=c=1
P(B1) x Dp J J
P(B3 ) z J Dp p …(v) b=4 (a, c) = (1, 4), (4, 1) and (2, 2)
1
J p D D b=6 (a, c) = (3, 3)
Total possible ordered triplets
Given that,
(a, b, c) = 63 = 216
(D – 2E) p = DE Dp = (D + 2p)E ...(vi)
Favourable cases = 5
(E – 3J) p = 2EJ 3Jp = (p – 2J)E ...(vii)
5
D D 2p ? Required probability
(vi) & (vii) 216
3J p 2J
55. Answer (2)
pD – 6pJ = 5JD
Number having exactly one 7 can be
p 6p
5 (i) Having 7 at thousand’s place = 93 = 729
J D
(ii) Not 7 at thousand’s place = 3 × 8 × 4 2
p §p · = 1944
1 6 ¨ 1¸ ...(viii)
J © D ¹ n(s) = 729 + 1944 = 2673
P(B1) Favourable cases = having 7 at unit place or

(v) & (viii) 6 having 2 at unit place.
P(B3 )
i.e. = (9 × 9) + (8 × 9 × 2) + (8 × 9 × 9) = 873
52. Answer (2)
873 97
Number of ways of selecting elements common to Required probability =
2673 297
both A and B = 5C2
5
C 2 33 56. Answer (2)
135
? Required probability
45 29 n(smokers + Non vegetarian) = 160 = n(A1)(Let)
53. Answer (4) P(A1) = 0.4
1 n(smokers + vegetarian) = 100 = n(A2)

Given P (when it is intercepted) similarly P(A2) = 0.25
3
n(Non-smokers + vegetarian) = 140 = n(A3) and
1 2
P (being not intercepted) 1 & also P(A3) = 0.35
3 3
when it is not intercepted, probability it hits the Let event E of getting chest disorder i.e.,
3 P(E/A1) = 0.35, P(E/A2) = 0.2, P(E/A3) = 0.1

target
4 to find P(A1/E)
So when such 3 missiles launched using Baye’s theorem we get
then P (all 3 hitting the target)
P E / A1 P A1
P A1 / E
§2 3· §2 3· §2 3· P E / A1 P A1 P E / A 2 P A 2 P E / A3 P A3
¨ 3 u 4¸u¨ 3 u 4¸u¨ 3 u 4¸
© ¹ © ¹ © ¹
0.35 u 0.4
1 1 1
u u 0.35 u 0.4 0.2 u 0.25 0.1u 0.35
2 2 2
1 140 140 28
8 140 50 35 225 45

Let n number of tosses Total number of numbers = 6 × (6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2)
Given, = 6 × 6!
7 n 7 9 n9 Required number of numbers
n § 1· § 1· n § 1· § 1·
C7 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ C9 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹ Case (i) 0 is not included o 6!
n = 16 Case (ii) 0 is included o 5 × 5! × 2
? Probability of getting 2 heads Total 6! + 5 × 5! × 2 = 16 × 5!
16 16 u 5! 16 4
16 § 1· Probability =
= C2 ¨ ¸ 6 u 6! 36 9
©2¹
61. Answer (1)
15
Favourable outcomes are
213
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (1,7)
58. Answer (4)
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,5)
For even number, units place should be filled with
4 only. (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,5)
6! (5,1), (5,2), (5,3)

2!2!2! 6! 3! 3 (7,1)
P u
7! 2! 7! 7
i.e. total 17 favourable outcomes.
2!3!2!
59. Answer (4) 17
Required probability = .
Consider the events, 36
E1 = missing card is spade 62. Answer (6)
E2 = missing card is not a spade
Let p(E1) = x, p(E2) = y and p(E3) = z
A = Two spade cards are drawn
1 3 D= p E 1 E2 E3 p E 1 .p E 2 .p E 3
P E1 P E2
4 4
D= x(1 – y)(1 – z) ...(i)
12 13
§A· C2 § A · C2 Similarly
P¨ ¸ P¨ ¸
51 51
© E1 ¹ C2 © E2 ¹ C2 E= (1 – x).y(1 – z) ...(ii)
J= (1 – x)(1 – y).z ...(iii)
§ A ·
P¨ ¸ P(E2 ) p= (1 – x)(1 – y)(1 – z) ...(iv)
§E · © E2 ¹
Then P ¨ 2 ¸
© A ¹ §A· § A · x x D
P(E1 ) P ¨ ¸ P(E2 ) P ¨ ¸ x
E
© 1¹ © E2 ¹ (i) and (iv)
1 x p Dp
3 13 C2 z J J
(iii) and (iv) z
4 51C2 1 z p J p
1 12 C2 3 13 C2

4 51C2 4 51C2 D Jp p
1
p E1 x Dp J J
3 13 C2 3.78 39 p E2 z J Dp p ...(v)
1
Jp D D
12
C2 3 13 C2 66 3.78 50
Given that
65. Answer (4)
(D–2E)p = DE Dp = (D+2p)E ...(vi)
For x2 + 2(a + 4)x – 5a + 64 > 0
(E–3J)p = 2EJ 3Jp = (p– 2J)E ...(vii)
? D<0
D D 2p 4(a + 4)2 – 4(64 – 5a) < 0
(vi) and (vii)
3J p 2J a2 + 8a + 16 – 64 + 5a < 0
pD– 6pJ = 5JD a2 + 13a – 48 < 0

a2 + 16a – 3a – 48 < 0
p 6p (a + 16)(a – 3) < 0
5.
J D
a (–16, 3)
in set [–5, 30] total integers 36
p §p ·
1 6 ¨ 1¸ ...(viii)
J © D ¹ favourable integers 8
8 2
Pr
p E1 36 9
(v) and (viii) p E 6
3
66. Answer (2)
63. Answer (4) Total number of words formed by letters of word
“EXAMINATION” is
‘10’ is followed by ‘01’ can be if
11!
...1 0 0 1 or ...1 0 0 1 n(S) =
2! 2! 2!
odd even even odd When ‘M’ at fourth position then number of words
position position position position
10!
formed = n(E) =
2! 2! 2!
§ 2 1 1 1· § 1 1 1 2·
¨ ¸¨ ¸
©3 2 3 2¹ ©2 3 2 3¹ n E 1
? Required probability = n S =
11
4 1
67. Answer (1)
94 9
P(A) + P(B) – 2P(A B) = 1 – k ...(i)
64. Answer (2)
P(B) + P(C) – 2P(B C) = 1 – 2k ...(ii)
n = 5 (given)
P(C) + P(A) – 2P(C A) = 1 – k ...(iii)
also 5c1 pq4 = 0.4096
(i) + (ii) + (iii)
and 5c2 p2q3 = 0.2048
3 – 4k
5q 0.4096 ¦ P(A) – ¦ P(A B) 2
10p 0.2048
q = 4p
also p + q = 1
P(A B C) ¦ P(A) – ¦ P(A B) P(A B C)
1 4 3 – 4k
p and q k2
5 5 2
p(exactly 3 successes) = 5c3 · p3q2
1 1
1 16 32 (k – 1)2 !
10 · 2 2
53 52 625
68. Answer (1)

3
Total matrices = 64 S
4
Number of matrices with distinct entries
3
= 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 360 Mean
4
Number of singular matrices with distinct entries
(i.e. 1, 2, 3, 6 or 2, 3, 4, 6) = 8 + 8 = 16 1 1 1
P(X is positive and even) can be , , .......
2 4
Favourable cases = 360 – 16 = 344 3 3 36
P(X is positive and even)
344 43
Required probability
64 162 1

1

1
........
1
2 4 6 8
69. Answer (1) 3 3 3
Number of ways to distribute 9 distinct balls in 4 71. Answer (4)

boxes = n(S) = 49
n
' § 1·
Number of ways of favourable distribution 1 ¨ ¸ t 0.9
©2¹
9 10 u 8 u 7
n(E) C3 u 36 u 36 28.37
3 u 2u1 1 1
n
d 2n t 10
2 10
9
28 u 37 28 § 3 · nt4
? Required probability ¨ ¸
49 9 ©4¹
72. Answer (1)
28 The given set = {nN : 2n – 2 is a multiple of 3}
? x
9 = {0, 6, 30, 62, 126, ......}
There are only 2, 2 digit numbers out of which only
? |x – 3| < 1 x (2, 4)
one is divisible by 3
and x (3, 4) 1
? Required Probability = .
2
70. Answer (3)
73. Answer (3)
Mean ¦ xipi
8
8 § 1·
P(x n) Cn ¨ ¸
§ 1· § 1· § 1 · § 1 · ©2¹
0 ¨ ¸ 1¨ ¸ 2 ¨ ¸ 3 ¨ ¸ .......
©2¹ ©3¹ © ¹
3 2
© 33 ¹
8
8 § 1·
P(x n 1) Cn1 ¨ ¸
1 § 1 · § 1 · ©2¹
S 2¨ ¸ 3 ¨ ¸ ........f
3 © 32 ¹ © 33 ¹
8
8 § 1·
S 1 § 1 · P(x 8) C8 ¨ ¸
2¨ ¸ ....... ©2¹
3 32 © 33 ¹
______________________________________ 8
§ 1·
¨ ¸
©2¹
8 Cn 8 Cn1 ..... 8 C8 21
2S 1 1 1
........f
2
3 3 3 33

28 8 C0 8 C1 .... 8 Cn1 27
1
8C + 8C1 + ....+ 8Cn–1 > 27
2S 3 2S 1 0
3 2 3 2 Minimum value of n – 1 = 4
3 n=5

P(exactly one of A and B occurs) The required probability
= P A B P A B § 1 ·§ 1 · 1 1 1 1½
2 ®¨ x ¸¨ x ¸ ¾
¯© 6 ¹© 6 ¹ 6 6 6 6¿
= P ( A) u P ( B ) P ( A ) P ( B )
§ 1 1 1 · 13
' 2¨ x2
= p u (1– 2 p) (1– p )2 p © 36 36 36 ¸¹ 96
5 1 13
3 p 4 p2 2x 2
9 6 96
27p – 36p2 = 5
1 13 16 13
36p2 – 27p + 5 = 0 2x 2
6 96 96
27 r 3 5 1 1
p and ? x2
27 12 3 64
5 1
pmax ? x
12 8
P x t 5 x ! 2 6x12
P x t 5 | x ! 2 x
2
14
P ( x ! 2) n
P x t 5 § § n(n 1) · ·
2
P ( x ! 2) 12 22 ... n 2 ¨¨ ¨© 2 ¹¸
¸¸
14
n ¨ n ¸
Now, ¨ ¸
© ¹
4 6
5 5 5 5 1 §5· 5 1 §5· 1
P ( x t 5) . . . . ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ...f
6 6 6 6 6 ©6¹ 6 6 ©6¹ 6 (n 1)(2n 1) (n 1)2
14
6 4
3 4
5 5 1 §5· 1 §5· 1
and P ( x ! 2) . . ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ...f n 2 1 168 n 13
6 6 6 ©6¹ 6 ©6¹ 6
78. Answer (4)
Let Ai o A gets i heads
§ 5 · 1 §¨ ·
4 2
5 §5·
? P ( x t 5) ¨ 6 ¸ 6 ¨ 1 6 ¨ 6 ¸ ...f ¸¸ Bi o B gets i heads
© ¹ © © ¹ ¹
§ 3 ·
P P ¨ ¦ A i Bi ¸
54 §5·
4 ¨ ¸
.6 ©i 0 ¹
¨ ¸
65 ©6¹
§ 3 ·
P ¨ ¦ P(A i )P(Bi ) ¸
§5· 1
2
§5·
2 ¨ ¸
and P ( x ! 2) ©i 0 ¹
¨ ¸ .6 ¨ ¸
©6¹ 6 ©6¹
P(A 0 )P(B0 ) P(A1)P(B1) P(A 2 )P(B2 ) P(A 3 )P(B3 )
5 / 6 4 25 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 1
u u u u
5
? Required probability
5 / 6 2 36 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 16
79. Answer (30) 2 2

Variance = ¦ Pi X i ( X )
§1 X 4 · P ((1 X 4) ( X 3))
p P¨ ¸ §1 16 · § 23 ·
2
© X 3 ¹ P ( X 3) = ¨ 4a 3 36b ¸ ¨ ¸
©5 5 ¹ © 10 ¹
P ( X 2) 2K 2
781
P ( X 3) K 2K 3 =
100
1 100V2 = 781
Also, K + 2K + 2K + 3K + K = 1 K
9 83. Answer (4)
n
2 1 §3· 9
Now, 5p = OK 5 u O O = 30 1 ¨ ¸ t
3 9 ©4¹ 10
80. Answer (28) §3·

n
9 1
¨ ¸ d 1
p(E1) = 0.9, p(E2) = 0.8 4
© ¹ 10 10
n
§4·
¨ ¸ t 10
p E

p E 1 p E2 ©3¹
p E1 p E 2 p E 1 p E2 p E1 p E 2 n[log4 – log3] t log10 10 = 1
1
.1.8 n t log 4 log 3
.9 .2 .1.8 .1.2
84. Answer (3)
.08 2
p
.28 7
2
98 p 98 u 28 § 1R 1B · § 1R 1B ·
7 P(1R and 1B) P( A) P ¨ ¸ P (B ) P ¨ B ¸
© A ¹ © ¹
81. Answer (3)
1 3C1 1C1 1 2C1 3C1
Total ways = 64C
2 2 6
C2 2 n 5C2
Favourable ways = 2(8 × 7) = 112
1 3

§ 1R 1B · 2 15 6
112 1 P¨ ¸
Required probability © A ¹ 1 3 1 62 11
32 u 63 18
2 15 2 (n 5)(n 4)
82. Answer (781)
1
1 1 1 4 10 6
ab 1 a b 1 6 11
5 3 5 15
10 (n 5)(n 4)
11 6 36
1 4 23
¦ Pi X i 23 ( 2) a 1 6b 10 10 (n 5)(n 4)
5 5 10
5 1
9½ 1
a 6 b a 10 u 36 (n 5)(n 4)
10 °° 10
¾ n2 + 9n – 52 = 0
4 ° 1
ab b
15 ¿ ° 6 n = 4 is only possible value

3P(X = 0) = P(X = 1)
§E · 1 P E1 E2 1
P¨ 1 ¸
n 0
3 C0 P (1– P ) n n 1
C1P (1– P ) n –1
© E2 ¹ 2 P E2 2
3 P 1 P §E · 3 P E2 E1 3
P¨ 2 ¸
n 1– P 11 1– P © E1 ¹ 4 P E1 4
1 – P = 11P 1
P E1 E2
8
1
P
12 1 1
P E2 , P E1
4 6
P( X 15) P ( X 16)
–
P( X 18) P ( X 17)
1 1
(A) P E1 E2 and P E1 .P E2
33 8 24
C15 P15 (1– P )18 33
C16P16 (1– P )17
–
33
C18 P18 (1– P )15 33
C17P17 (1– P )16 P E1 E2 z P E1 .P E2
3
§ 1– P ·
¨
© P
§ 1– P ·
¸ –¨
¹ © P ¹
¸
c c
(B) P E1 E2 1 P E1 E2
113 – 11 1320 ª 1 1 1º 17
1 « »
¬4 6 8¼ 24
86. Answer (1)
' X is a random variable
P E1c
3
4

P E1c P E2
3
24
? k + 2k + 4k + 6k + 8k = 1
k
1
21
c
c c

P E1 E2 z P E1 .P E2
4k 4
Now, P(1 X 4 | X d 2)
7k 7 c
(C) P E1 E2 P E1 P E1 E2
87. Answer (479)
1 1 1
Student guesses only two wrong. So there are three
possibilities 6 8 24
(i) Student guesses both wrong from 1st section 1

P E1 .P E2
(ii) Student guesses both wrong from 2 section nd 24
(iii) Student guesses two wrong one from each
section c
P E1 E2 P E1 .P E2
2 2 6
§3· § 1· § 1·

4
Required probabilities = C2 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
©4¹ ©4¹ ©4¹
c
(D) P E1 E2 P E2 P E1 E2
2 4 4 3 5
6 § 3· § 1· § 3 · § 3 ·§ 1 ·§ 3 · § 1 ·
C2 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ 4C1 6C1 ¨ ¸¨ ¸¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ 1 1

1
4 4
© ¹ © ¹ © ¹ 4 © 4 ¹© 4 ¹© 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ 4 8 8
1 ª
6 u 9 15 u 94 24 u 92 º 1
410 ¬ ¼ P E1 P E2
24
27
>2 27 u 15 72@
410
27 u 479

P E1 E2 z P E1 .P E2
c
410

There are only two ways to get sum 48, Total cases = 18C5
which are (32, 8, 8) and (16, 16, 16) Favourable cases
So, required probability
C1
6 3
C1 C1
7
§ 2 1 1· § 1 1 1 · (Select x1) (Select x3) (Select x3)

= 3¨ · · ¸ ¨ · · ¸
© 32 8 8 ¹ © 16 16 16 ¹
6·3·7 1
3 1 P 18
C5 68
210 212
93. Answer (3)
13
= Given P(X = 3) = 5P(X = 4) and n = 7
212
7
90. Answer (4) C3 p3 q 4 5 7C4 p 4 q 3
Let probability of getting head = p q = 5p and also p + q = 1
5
So, C4 p (1– p )4 5 5
C5 p 1 5
p and q
5 6 6
p 5(1– p ) p
6
Probability of getting atmost two heads = 7 35
Mean and variance
6 36
5
C0 (1– p)5 5C1p(1– p )4 5C2 p2 (1– p )3
7 35 77
Mean + Variance
1 25 250 6 36 36
65
94. Answer (2)
276 46
The required probability
65 64
91. Answer (33)
Total number of numbers from given
Condition = n(s) = 26.
Every required number is of the form
A = 7 · (10a1 10a2 10a3 ......) 111111
Here 111111 is always divisible by 21.

? If A is divisible by 21 then
10a1 10a2 10a3 ...... must be divisible by 3.
For this we have 6C0 6C3 6C6 cases are there
? n(E ) 6 C0 6C3 6C6 22
22 Area of Region PQCAP

? Required probability = p = Area of Region ABCA
6
2
1 1
11 u8u6 u 2u4
? p 2 2 5
32 = 1 =
u8u6 6
? 96p = 33 2

Let A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
n
Here P(En) = for n = 1, 2, 3, ………, 8 Let E be the event that matrix of order 2 × 2 is singular
36
Case-I
Here P(A)
Any possible sum of (1, 2, 3, ..., 8) a say ª2 2º
= All entries are same example « »
36 ¬2 2¼
a 4 = 10C
' t 1
36 5
Case-II
? a t 29
If one of the number from {1, 2, …., 8} is left then ª3 5 º
Matrix with two prime numbers only example « »
¬3 5 ¼
total a t 29 by 3 ways.
= 10C × 2! × 2!
Similarly by leaving terms more 2 or 3 we get 16 2
10
more combinations. C1 10C2 u 2! u 2! 190 19
P (E )
4 4
10 10 103
? Total number of different set A possible is 16 + 3
= 19 99. Answer (1)
96. Answer (1) Total number of relations = 222 24 16

Required cases = Total – all digits even – exactly
Relations which are symmetric as well as transitive
one digit even
are
Total = 900 ways I, {(x, x)}, {(y, y)}, {(x, x), (x, y), (y, y), (y, x)}, {(x, x),
(y, y)}
All even
? favourable cases = 5
5
One digit odd ? Pr =
16
100. Answer (3)
If n is number of trails, p is probability of success
and q is probability of unsuccess then,
Mean = np and variance = npq.
Here np + npq = 24 …(i)
900 – 425 19 np.npq = 128 …(ii)
900 36
and q = 1 – p …(iii)
97. Answer (4)
1
Number of one-one function from {a, b, c, d} to set from eq. (i), (ii) and (iii) : p q and n = 32.
2
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is 5 P4 120 n(s ) .
? Required probability p( X 1) p( X 2)
The required possible set of value
(f(a), f(b), f(c), f(d)) such that f(a) + 2f(b) – f(c) = f(d) 32 32
32 § 1· § 1·
are (5, 3, 2, 1), (5, 1, 2, 3), (4, 1, 3, 5), (3, 1, 4, 5), C1. ¨ ¸ 32C2 . ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹
(5, 4, 3, 2) and (3, 4, 5, 2)
? n(E) = 6 § 32 u 31 · 1 33
¨ 32 2 ¸ . 32
n(E ) 6 1 © ¹ 2 228
? Required probability =
n(S ) 120 20
101. Answer (1)

ª 2 26 º
For x2 + Dx + E > 0 xR to hold, we should have P« , »
¬3 3 ¼
D2 – 4E < 0
If D = 1, E can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 i.e., 6 choices Taking intersection of all
If D = 2, E can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 i.e., 5 choices ª2 ·
P « , 1¸
If D = 3, E can be 3, 4, 5, 6 i.e., 4 choices ¬3 ¹
If D = 4, E can be 5 or 6 i.e., 2 choices
If D = 6, No possible value for E i.e., 0 choices 5
P1 P2
Hence total favourable outcomes 3
=6+5+4+2+0+0 104. Answer (3)

= 17 Among the 5 digit numbers,
Total possible choices for D and E = 6 × 6 = 36 First number divisible by 7 is 10003 and last is
17 99995.
36 Number of numbers divisible by 7.
102. Answer (3)
99995 10003
Given, mean = np = D. 1
7
D = 12857
and variance npq
3
First number divisible by 35 is 10010 and last is
1 2 99995.
q and p
3 3 Number of numbers divisible by
4
P( X 1) n.p1.q n 1 35
99995 10010
1
243 35
n 1 = 2572
2 § 1· 4
n. . ¨ ¸
3 ©3¹ 243 Hence number of number divisible by 7 but not by 5
n=6 = 12857 – 2572
4 2 5 = 10285
6 §2· § 1· §2· 1
P( X 4 or 5) C4 . ¨ ¸ . ¨ ¸ 6C5 . ¨ ¸ .
©3¹ ©3¹ ©5¹ 3 10285
9p. u9
90000
16
27 = 1.0285
103. Answer (2) 105. Answer (2)
Mean = np = 16
2 3P ª 2 4º
0d d 1 P « , » Variance = npq = 8
6 ¬ 3 3¼
1
2P q p and n = 32
0d d 1 P [ 6, 2] 2
8
P(x > n – 3) = p(x = n – 2) + p(x = n – 1) + p(x = n)
1 P
0d d 1 P [ 1, 1]
2
0 < P(E1) + P(E2) + P(E3) d 1
32C2 32C1 32C0 21n
13 P 529
0 d1
12 8 2n
106. Answer (4) 6

C0 u4C3 1
Let P(a prime number) = D and P X 3
10 30
C3
P(a composite number) = E
and P(1) = J
¦ Pi X i2 ¦ Pi X i
2
' 3D = 6E = 2J = k (say) Variance = V2
and 3D + 2E + J = 1
2
k k 6 1 12 3 § 1 6 1·
V2 ¨ ¸
k 1 k 2 10 10 © 2 10 10 ¹
3 2 11
Mean = np where n = 2
56
and p = probability of getting perfect square =
100
k k 4 100V2 = 56.
P (1) P (4)
2 6 11
109. Answer (2)
§4· 8 Let E o Ball drawn from Bag II is black.

So, mean = 2 · ¨ ¸
© 11 ¹ 11
ER o Bag I to Bag II red ball transferred.
107. Answer (1)
EB o Bag I to Bag II black ball transferred.
1 P(A B) 1
P( A / B ) EW o Bag I to Bag II white ball transferred.
7 P (B ) 7
7 P §¨ E ·¸ · P(ER )
P (B ) P §¨
ER · © ER ¹
9 © E ¸¹ § E · § · § ·
P¨ ¸ P(ER ) P ¨ E E ¸ P(EB ) P ¨ E E ¸ P(EW )
© ER ¹ © B¹ © W¹
2 P( A B) 2
P (B / A ) Here,
5 P ( A) 5
P ( ER ) 3 P ( EB ) 4 , P (EW ) 3
5 1 5 10 , 10 10
P ( A) ·
2 9 18
and
1
S2 : P ( Ac Bc) P §¨ E · 5 , P §¨ E · 6 , P §¨ E · 5
18 ¸ ¸ ¸
© ER ¹ 10 © EB ¹ 10 © EW ¹ 10
1 6 1 5
S1: and P ( Ac B ) . 15
9 9 18 6
P §¨ R ·¸
E 100
? E¹ 15
108. Answer (56) © 24 15
100 100 100
X = Number of white ball drawn
15 5
6
C3 1 =
PX 0 54 18
10 6
C3
110. Answer (96)
6
Given np + npq = 82.5 … (1)
C2 u4C1 1
PX 1 , and np (npq) = 1350 … (2)
10 2
C3
6
C1 u4 C2 3 Mean
PX 2 ? x 2 82.5 x 1350 0 /
2 Variance
10 10
C3
x2 – 22.5 x – 60x + 1350 = 0 6 5 2 4

6 § 1· § 2 ·§ 1 · § 2· § 1·
x – (x – 22.5) – 60 (x – 22.5) = 0 C0 ¨ ¸ 6C1 ¨ ¸¨ ¸ 6C2 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
©3¹ © 3 ¹© 3 ¹ ©3¹ ©3¹
Mean = 60 and Variance = 22.5
6
np = 60, npq = 22.5 § 1· 73
¨ ¸ [1 12 60]
©3¹ 36
9 3 5
q , p 73 146
24 8 8 u 54
54P (X d 2) =
36 27
5 112. Answer (2)
? n 60 n = 96
8
1 1 1
P A ,P B and P A B
111. Answer (2) 3 5 2
Mean = 4 = P = np
1 1 1 1
? P A B
2 4 3 5 2 30
Variance = V np(1 P )
3
4
4(1 P )
3
2
P
3
2
nu 4
3
n=6 P A Bc P B Ac
Now, P A Bc P B Ac = P Bc

P Ac
P( X k) n
Ck P k (1 P )n k
P ( X d 2) P( X 0) P ( X 1) P ( X 2) 9 5
30 30 5
6
C0 P 0 (1 p)6 6C1 P1 (1 P )5 6C2 P 2 (1 P )4 = 4 2 8
5 3


M Sol Ch-27 Probability

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M Sol Ch-27 Probability

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Chapter 27

10. Answer (4) 14. Answer (2)

19. Answer (2) 23. Answer (2)

3 Event Success in Success in Success in No success

26. Answer (4) 30. Answer (2)

A = At least two girls 54 § 4 ·

29. Answer (4) k 3 4 5

33. Answer (3) 35. Answer (4)

If process is finished in four draws, P(ABBA or

Selecting Selecting Distributing 5 Distributing

38. Answer (2) 41. Answer (4)

1 42. Answer (4)

44. Answer (3) 48. Answer (11)

D = 0.6 + 0.4 + 0.5 – 0.2 – E – 0.3 + 0.2 1 n 1

then E  [0.25, 0.35] 50. Answer (2)

54. Answer (3)

P(B1) Favourable cases = having 7 at unit place or

1 n(smokers + vegetarian) = 100 = n(A2)

3 P(E/A1) = 0.35, P(E/A2) = 0.2, P(E/A3) = 0.1

57. Answer (1) 60. Answer (4)

 n = 16 Case (ii) 0 is included o 5 × 5! × 2

? Probability of getting 2 heads Total 6! + 5 × 5! × 2 = 16 × 5!

6! (5,1), (5,2), (5,3)

 pD– 6pJ = 5JD  a2 + 13a – 48 < 0

68. Answer (1)

Number of ways to distribute 9 distinct balls in 4 71. Answer (4)

74. Answer (1) 76. Answer (2)

79. Answer (30) 2 2

80. Answer (28) §3·

85. Answer (1) 88. Answer (3)

(i) Student guesses both wrong from 1st section 1

89. Answer (4) 92. Answer (3)

§ 2 1 1· § 1 1 1 · (Select x1) (Select x3) (Select x3)

A = 7 · (10a1  10a2  10a3  ......)  111111

Here 111111 is always divisible by 21.

10a1  10a2  10a3  ...... must be divisible by 3.

For this we have 6C0  6C3  6C6 cases are there

? n(E ) 6 C0  6C3  6C6 22

22 Area of Region PQCAP

95. Answer (19) 98. Answer (3)

96. Answer (1) Total number of relations = 222 24 16

101. Answer (1)

=6+5+4+2+0+0 104. Answer (3)

106. Answer (4) 6

§4· 8 Let E o Ball drawn from Bag II is black.

 x2 – 22.5 x – 60x + 1350 = 0 6 5 2 4

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D = 0.6 + 0.4 + 0.5 – 0.2 – E – 0.3 + 0.2 1 n 1

then E [0.25, 0.35] 50. Answer (2)

n = 16 Case (ii) 0 is included o 5 × 5! × 2

pD– 6pJ = 5JD a2 + 13a – 48 < 0

A = 7 · (10a1 10a2 10a3 ......) 111111

10a1 10a2 10a3 ...... must be divisible by 3.

For this we have 6C0 6C3 6C6 cases are there

? n(E ) 6 C0 6C3 6C6 22

x2 – 22.5 x – 60x + 1350 = 0 6 5 2 4