CLOZE TEST Advanced

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Chapter 13
Cloze Test
Direction: In the following passages there are 9. 1) increasingly 2) always
blanks, each of which has been numbered. These 3) gradually 4) deliberately
numbers are printed below the passage and 5) badly
against each five words are suggested, one of 10. 1) enlighten 2) validate
which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the 3) negate 4) underestimate
appropriate word in each case. 5) belittle
A bso r b = to hold somebody’s attention or
Passage 1 interest completely
R av age = to damage something badly; to
Economic backwardness of a region is (1) by the destroy something
co-existence of unutilized or underutilized (2)on the T h e r av ages = the damaging effect of something;
one hand, and (3)natural resources, on the other. of so m et hi ng the destruction done by something
Economic development essentially means a process Ki ngpi n = a person of thing essential for
of (4) change whereby the real per capita income of an success
economy (5) over a period of time. Then, a simple but En hanc e = to increase or improve further the
good quality, value or status of
meaningful question arises: what causes economic
something
development? Or what makes a country developed? I nc redi ble = difficult to believe; extraordinary
This question has absorbed the (6) of scholars of Di m i ni sh = to decrease; to become or make
socio-economic change for decades. Going through the something smaller or less
(7) history of developed countries like America, Russia Degener at e = to pass into a worse physical, mental
and Japan, man is essentially found as (8) in the or moral state that one which is
process of economic development. Japan, whose considered normal or desirable.
economy was (9) damaged from the ravages of the Suc c um b = to fail to resist an illness, an attack
etc
Second World War, is the clearest example of our time
Pi vo t al = central; of great importance because
to (10) kingpin role in economic development. other things depend on it.
1. 1) developed 2) cured Vi c i o us = acting or done with evil intentions;
3) improved 4) enhanced cruel and violent.
5) characterised Enli ght en = to give somebody greater knowledge
2. 1) sources 2) finances or understanding
3) funds 4) manpower V al i dat e = to show that som ethin g is
5) industries reasonable or logical; to make
something legally valid
3. 1) exhaustive 2) unexploited
Negat e = to cancel the effect of something; to
3) abundant 4) indefinite nullify something
5) unreliable Beli t t le = to make a person or an action seem
4. 1) upward 2) drastic unimportant or of little value.
3) negligible 4) incredible
5) sudden Passage 2
5. 1) diminishes 2) degenerates
Although John Wisdom’s writings in philosophy
3) increases 4) succumbs
show clearly the influence of Wittgenstein, they
5) stabilizes
nevertheless also display a (1) originality. Despite the
6. 1) plans 2) attempts
(2) and difficulty of his style, a careful reading of
3) attention 4) resources
Wisdom is seldom (3). He is a unique kind of genius
5) strategy
in philosophy.
7. 1) existing 2) glorious
This essay is an excellent example of Wisdom’s
3) ancient 4) economic
repeate d attempts to (4) the ultimate bases of
5) discouraging
philosophical perplexity. A great deal of the time
8. 1) pivotal 2) neutral
Wisdom is ( 5) inte re ste d in finding out why
3) insignificant 4) enchanted
me taphysicians fe e l (6) to utte r such strange
5) vicious
sentences (e.g. “Time is unreal”, There are no material
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410 Test of English Language
things”, etc). According to Wisdom, such sentences Augm ent = to make something larger in number
are both false (and perhaps meaningless) and yet (7). or size; to increase something
Even more than Wittgenstein, Wisdom has stressed F o rt i f y = to make somebody feed stronger,
braver etc.
the “therapeutic” conception of philosophy, a view that
E x pl o r e = to examine something thoroughly in
comes out clearly in this essay where he emphasizes order to test it or found out about it.
the analogy be tween philosophical and neurotic I n advert ent = n ot don e deliberately or
distress (8) them with other kinds of problems. intentionally
The reader who is interested in gaining a fuller (9) R eluc t ant = unwilling and therefore slow to act,
with Wisdom’s thought is referred to his famous article agree etc.
“Gods in Philosophy and Psycho-analysis”. Other M inds All ude = to mention somebody/ something
is Wisdom’s most (10) discussion of a single topic briefly or indirectly.
A d ap t = to make something suitable for a
and in many ways his finest work.
new use situation etc.
1. 1) concise 2) virtual 3) marked Ac quai nt anc e = slight knowledge of something
4) limited 5) relative Prolong = to make something last longer; to
2. 1) individuality 2) novelty extend something
3) originality 4) complexity Pr ol i f i c = producing many works.
5) creativity
3. 1) unprofitable 2) useful Passage 3
3) advantageous 4) unreliable The latest stage of the continuing (1) between India
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5) durable and the United States on the nuclear issue is now
4. 1) jettison 2) delimit punctuated with pleasing diplomatic observations. Our
3) augment 4) fortify latest round of talks with the American Deputy
5) explore Secretary of State is “positive and encouraging”. The
5. 1) admirably 2) primarily US Deputy Secretary of State remarked that “none of
3) inadvertently 4) reluctantly us are pleased to have any clouds over the (2)”. We in
5) happily India know that these clouds have (3) towards the
6. 1) depressed 2) confined subcontinent from the West. The US can easily
3) alluded 4) compelled disperse the clouds if it wants. But the economic
5) adapted sanctions are still in place. The US is only (4) trying
7. 1) illuminating 2) damaging to come to terms with the fact that the nuclear
3) confusing 4) critical
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weapons are not the (5) of the Permanent Members
5) unreliable of the Security Council. If they do not recognize India
8. 1) compelling 2) associating as a nuclear power, then what is it that they are (6)
3) contrasting 4) describing to? India will not (7) by their de-recognising the nuclear
5) advocating tests. Both sides can happily close (8) eyes and agree
9. 1) comparison 2) analysis to (9) what has happened. The fact that India is a
3) agreement 4) elaboration sovereign nation, entitled to take decision beneficial
5) acquaintance for its own security, has not been altered by the tests.
10. 1) projected 2) sustained The US has come round to (10) that India has some
3) prolonged 4) prolific say in this matter.
5) attributed 1. 1) adversaries 2) negotiations
Perplexi t y = con fu sion ; the state of b ein g
3) strifes 4) strategies
confused or worried
M et aph ysi c s = the branch of philosophy dealing 5) disputes
with the nature of existence, truth 2. 1) relationship 2) struggle
and knowledge 3) matter 4) talks
Ut t er = to say somethin g; to express 5) countries
something in speech. 1) formed 2) eclipsed
T her apeu t i c = of or connected with healing; having 3) reined 4) covered
a good general effect on the body or 5) floated
the mind
4. 1) spontaneously 2) generously
Neurot i c = having or showing an abnormal
an xiety or ob session abou t
3) grudgingly 4) gracefully
something; caused by or suffering 5) willingly
from a mental illness that causes 5. 1) threats 2) creations
depression or abnormal behaviour 3) properties 4) monopoly
Co nc i se = brief 5) possessions
V i r t u al = almost or nearly the thing described, 6. 1) prepared 2) objecting
but not completely. 3) pointing 4) clinging
J et t i so n = to abandon or reject something that
5) planning
is not wanted.

Cloze Test 411
7. 1) gain 2) differ 2. 1) obvious 2) necessary

3) flourish 4) suffer 3) essential 4) recognised
5) develop 5) prominent
8. 1) their 2) our 3. 1) accept 2) participate
3) naked 4) inward 3) pronounce 4) inculcate
5) both 5) relate
9. 1) imitate 2) undo 4. 1) advocates 2) possessed
3) cherish 4) reiterate 3) exponents 4) indifferent
5) ignore 5) themselves
10. 1) expecting 2) suspecting 5. 1) seriousness 2) beliefs
3) accepting 4) advocating 3) barriers 4) masks
5) rejecting 5) chains
Punc t uat e = to interrupt something at intervals. 6. 1) snobbery 2) egoism
D i sper se = to go in different directions or make 3) brashness 4) boasting
somebody/ something do this 5) candour
A dv er sar y = an opponen t in a contest, an
7. 1) projective 2) spontaneous
argument or a battle
St r i f e = angry or violent disagreement;
3) pious 4) cavaliers
conflict 5) callous
Ec li pse = to outshine somebody/ something; 8. 1) conflict 2) persuasiveness
3) dedication 4) propensity
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to make som eb ody/ som ethin g
appear dull or unimportant by 5) jealousy
comparison. 9. 1) pervasiveness 2) boundaries
Rein = to restrain or control somebody/ 3) sluggishness 4) blocking
something
5) enthusiasm
Spon t an eo us = done, happening, said etc because
of a sudden impulse from within,
10. 1) unanimous 2) uncritical
not planned or caused or suggested 3) uninhabited 4) uncanny
by something/ somebody outside. 5) unusual
Gr udgi ngly = reluctantly I n t erperson al = existing or done between two
Gr udge = to do or giv e som ething v ery people
unwillingly I m pulsi ve = noted for or involving sudden action
Cl i n g = to become attached to something; wihtout careful thought
Prom i nent = distinguished or important; easily
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to stick to something
I m i t at e = to copy somebody/ something; to seen
take or follow somebody/ something Pronounc e = to declare or announce something
as an example. especially formally, solemnly or
Ch e r i sh = to keep a feeling or an idea in one’s officially
mind or heart and think of it with I nc ulc at e = to fix ideas, principles etc firmly in
pleasure. somebody’s mind especially by
R ei t erat e = to repeat something that has already often repeating them
been said, especially for emphasis Ex ponent = a person who su pports an d
promotes a theory, belief, cause etc
Passage 4 Sno bber y = attitudes and behaviour that are
characteristic of a snob.
Trust is the basis of human relationship. As trust Sn o b = a person who believes he or she has
between people grows, (1) change and interpersonal superior taste or knowledge
dynamics are transformed. Diverse skills and abilities B r ash = con fiden t in a ru de, n oisy or
become (2) and appreciated as strengths. People begin aggressive way.
to (3) one another’s attitudes and feelings. They learn Can do u r = the quality of being frank and
hon est in on e’s b ehav iou r or
to be (4) instead of playing roles. As trust grows the
speech.
(5) that prevent (6) and openness lessen. People Pious = having or showing a deep respect
become more expressive, impulsive, frank and (7). for God and religion
Their communication is efficient and clear. They risk Cav al i er = showing a lack of proper concern
(8) and confrontation, opening the doors to deeper Cal l o u s = having or showing no sympathy for
communication, involve me nt and commitment. other people’s feelings or suffering
Congestion and (9) lessen. The flow of data is open Pr opensi t y = a ten den cy to do som ethin g
and (10). especially something undesirable.
Perv asi v e = present and seen or felt everywhere
1. 1) motivations 2) behaviours
S l u g g i sh = moving slowly; not alert or lively
3) patterns 4) aspirations Un an i m o u s = agreed with by everybody in a group
5) commitments Un c an ny = not natural; mysterious and slightly
frightening.

Passage 5 Sc an t = hardly enough; not very much

Pri m i t i ve = of or at an early stage of social
A good percentage of the population of India is development
tribal. The tribals live in the hills and forests of the
country and have been little (1) by the (2) currents of Passage 6
the plains. Practically all the states of India have their India’s ( 1) ove r the past half ce ntury since
tribal population. The tribes are numerous, computed independence has been unique and (2) in many ways.
to be about 200, some living in (3) regions in dense Yet the record is (3) in relation to what the country
forests, and others on the borders of villages. Some set out to achieve and could certainly have been (4).
tribes are (4) to a few souls, while others like the It is (5) to look at both sides; the alternative is to be
Santhals, run into millions and are steadily (5) in (6) down by unrelieved gloom or unwarranted (7). The
numbers. During the British period some of them were fact is that after eight 5-year plans, about 40 per cent
known as ‘criminal tribes’ for they showed (6) respect of population is (8) below the poverty line. The human
for the Indian Penal Code. After independence they development indices are (9) low, placing India at the
have been named Scheduled Tribes. Under modern 126th position in the world table, far below many
conditions isolation, however, has become (7) and the countries that came into (10) much later than it did.
hill tribes are getting (8). The cultural traffic is two- 1. 1) development 2) domination
way. Social reformers are taking civilization to the 3) predicament 4) history
hills, and the tribes, (9) their old occupations of 5) excellence
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hunting and (10) farming, are settling in villages, 2. 1) dubious 2) insignificant
towns and cities as labourers and industrial workers. 3) desperate 4) special
1. 1) affected 2) domiciled 5) commendable
3) motivated 4) deprived 3. 1) outshining 2) broken
5) favoured 3) disappointing 4) brighter
2. 1) financial 2) proud 5) played
3) cultural 4) unruly 4. 1) underplayed 2) accomplished
5) swift 3) tampered 4) noteworthy
3. 1) comfortable 2) marshy 5) exaggerated
3) wild 4) unpopulated 5. 1) proposed 2) futile
5) inhospitable 3) impracticable 4) necessary
4. 1) devoted 2) confined 5) suggested
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3) susceptible 4) related 6. 1) laid 2) struck
5) attached 3) cooled 4) weighed
5. 1) constant 2) deteriorated 5) brought
3) developing 4) increasing 7. 1) progress 2) debating
5) decreasing 3) meticulousness 4) haste
6. 1) abundant 2) genuine 5) complacency
3) superficial 4) exorbitant 8. 1) much 2) still
5) scant 3) obviously 4) found
7. 1) crucial 2) necessary 5) far
3) difficult 4) convenient 9. 1) deplorably 2) admirably
5) indispensable 3) surprisingly 4) not
8. 1) civilized 2) demoralised 5) amusingly
3) wiped-out 4) entertained 10. 1) world 2) being
5) reduced 3) independence 4) compete
9. 1) escaping 2) with 5) India
3) enhancing 4) leaving Un rel i ev ed = not changing; continuing
5) continuing Gl oo m = partial darkn ess; a feelin g of
10. 1) productive 2) primitive sadness and depression
3) profitable 4) cultivable Un war r an t e d = not justified or necessary
5) scientific Do m i nat e = to have control or power over or very
Unr ul y = not easy to control or manage strong influence on somebody/
M ar sh y = wet and muddy something
I n h o spi t abl e = not giving a friendly or polite Pr edi c am en t = a difficult or unpleasant situation
welcome to guests especially one in which it is difficult
Su sc ept i ble = easily influenced or harmed by to know what to do.
something; sensitive Du bi o us = doubtful
E x o r bi t an t = m u ch too high or great; Co m m endable = deserving praise
unreasonable Ac c om pli shed = skilled
T am pe r = to interfere with or alter something

Cloze Test 413
without authority 10. 1) credited 2) implored

E x ag ge r at e = to make something seem larger, 3) admired 4) flattered
better, worse etc than it really is 5) blamed
Fut i le = producing no result; having no Tarred wit h t he = having or considered to have
purpose sam e br u sh the same faults as somebody
Met i c ulous = giving or showing great care and (as so m ebo dy)
attention to detail. Decent = proper, acceptable, satisfactory
Com plac enc y = a calm feeling of satisfaction with Nu rt ur e = to help the developm en t of
oneself, one’s work something
Deplo re = to b e shocked or offended b y Abo l i sh = to end the existence of a law, a
something; to condemn practice, an institution etc
Am u si n g = causing laughter or smile; enjoyable Co nt am i nat e = to make something/ somebody
Wei gh do wn = to make somebody/ something bend impure by adding substances that
by being heavy. are dangerous or carry disease
I m peac h = to raise doubts about something; to
Passage 7 question something
In the thirties and forties, geography was (1) subject P l ac at e = to make somebody less angry; to
calm or satisfy somebody.
in schools. Children spent hours tracing maps and
R em edy = to correct, chan ge or im prove
(2) about strange places, peoples and customs. something undesirable
Harvard University (3) its geography department after I m pl or e = to ask or beg for something in a
World War II. A string of leading universities in the
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serious way
United States (4) suit. Geography has been tarred with F l at t e r = to praise somebody too much or in
the racist brush, and no one wants to be (5). an insincere way especially in order
David S Landes, professor of history and economics to gain favour for oneself.
at Harvard University, makes a forceful (6) for
geography in his book, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations.
Passage 8
Geography, he says, tells the unpleasant truth that Fourteen centuries ago when the world was much
nature is unfair, unequal in its (7) and that its younger, the ruler of all India, Rajah Balhait, was (1)
unfairnesses are not easily (8). For Landes, there is about his people. A new game of dice, called nard, had
nothing racist in a geography that links (9) and group (2) the imagination of his subjects. Teaching them
behaviour to nature, no one can be praised or (10) for that chance alone - a roll of the dice - guided the (3)
the temperature of the air, the volume or timing of of men. All who played this game of fortune lost their
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rainfall, or the topography. (4) in the virtues of courage, prudence, wisdom and
1. 1) full-fledged 2) resourceful hope. It bred a fatalism that was (5) the spirit of the
3) decent 4) boring kingdom.
5) famous Rajah Balhait commissioned Sissa, an intelligent
2. 1) knowledge 2) drawings courtier, at his court, to find an answer to this (6).
3) ignored 4) learned After much (7) the clever Sissa invented another game,
5) figures chaturanga, the exact (8) of nard, in which the four
3. 1) established 2) nurtured elements of the Indian army were the key pieces. In
3) intensified 4) developed the game these pieces - chariots, horses, elephants
5) abolished and foot soldiers - joined with a royal counsellor to
4. 1) followed 2) cleared defend their king and defeat the enemy. Forceful (9)
3) prepared 4) wore was demanded of the players not luck. Chaturanga soon
5) filed became more popular than nard, and the (10) to the
5. 1) learned 2) contaminated kingdom was over.
3) neglected 4) prepared 1. 1) concerned 2) confident
5) knowledgeable 3) ignorant 4) indifferent
6. 1) decision 2) impeachment 5) partisan
3) lesson 4) plea 2. 1) propelled 2) enshrined
5) plan 3) captured 4) activated
7. 1) behaviour 2) favours 5) enhanced
3) sources 4) deal 3. 1) communities 2) ways
5) functions 3) abnormalities 4) destinies
8. 1) sensed 2) placated 5) groups
3) remedied 4) over-ruled 4. 1) bravado 2) interest
5) understood 3) peace 4) wealth
9. 1) expediency 2) sentiments 5) faith
3) performance 4) acquisition
5) obedience

5. 1) appalling 2) crushing particular, needs to be complimented for this–have

3) moistening 4) promoting le d to substantially le sse r e ne rgy inte nsity of
5) overwhelming economic growth. However, even the tempered demand
6. 1) apprehension 2) risk numbers are (8) to be below 80Gw. As against this
3) problem 4) game need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely
5) destiny to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity.
7. 1) deliberation 2) absorption Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (9)
3) insight 4) hesitation cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to
5) reluctance contribute anything substantial in vie w of the
8. 1) nature 2) equivalent unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be
3) picture 4) opposite (10) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal,
5) replica gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw
9. 1) prediction 2) concentration equivalent can be (11) to be added in the five-year
3) manipulation 4) attack time block.
5) fortune (12) (13) this, capacity addition in the renewable
10. 1) devastation 2) anxiety energy based power generation has touched about 3Gw
3) impeachment 4) nuisance a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity
5) threat addition in the electricity grid (14) renewable energy
Vi r t ue = behaviour that shows high moral is like ly to range be twe e n 20Gw and 25Gw.
K
standards; goodness Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity,
Pr udent = acting with or showing care and off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote
thought for the future; showing
places and (15) lives where grid-based electricity
good judgement
F at al = causing or ending in death
supply has miserably failed.
Co un sell o r = an adviser especially one who has 1. 1) against 2) for
professional training 3) onwards 4) at
P ar t i san = showing too much support for one 5) on
person, group or cause; biased 2. 1) that 2) inside
P r opel = to move, drive or push something/ 3) always 4) who
somebody forward 5) where
E n shr i n e = to preserve something in a place or
3. 1) forward 2) subject
from it will be remembered and
3) place 4) demand
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respected.
Br av ad o = a display of bold talk or behaviour 5) replace
to impress other people. 4. 1) pass 2) publish
Appal l i n g = shocking; extremely bad 3) feature 4) find
Moi st en = to become or make something moist 5) light
Ov erwhelm i ng = very great; very strong 5. 1) likewise 2) publicity
R epli c a = a close or exact copy of something 3) next 4) after
of a painting; a model of something
5) earlier
made on a smaller scale
Anxi et y = a nervous feeling caused by fear that
6. 1) waste 2) require
something bad is going to happen; 3) highlight 4) generate
worry 5) consumed
Nui sanc e = a thing, a person or behaviour that 7. 1) structures 2) efforts
is annoying or causes trouble 3) projections 4) practices
5) developmental
Passage 9 8. 1) sure 2) unsure
As the country embarks on planning (1) the 12th 3) unexpected 4) unlikely
Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (2) hangs 5) likely
over the process is on the energy requirements. 9. 1) nominal 2) excelled
Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of 3) higher 4) lower
growing at 9-10% will (3) huge demands on the energy 5) expected
resource s of the country. In this energy jigsaw, 10. 1) failure 2) success
renewable energy will (4) like never before in the 12th 3) dangerous 4) maximum
Plan and the (5). 5) marginal
By the rule of the thumb, India will (6) about 100 11. 1) certain 2) linked
gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition 3) remarked 4) expected
in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy 5) sure
efficiency and sustained (7) by some parts of the 12. 1) When 2) But
government—the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in 3) However 4) If
5) As

Cloze Test 415
13. 1) for 2) with 6. 1) companion 2) attitude

3) is 4) ever 3) calling 4) friend
5) against 5) abode
14. 1) through 2) project 7. 1) absorbed 2) alarmed
3) versus 4) against 3) attacked 4) attached
5) capacity 5) awed
15. 1) lightening 2) making 8. 1) empowered 2) brute
3) touching 4) saving 3) tall 4) high
5) generating 5) exhibited
E m bar k o n = to start or engage in something 9. 1) domestic 2) durable
new or difficult 3) devastating 4) delicate
Com pl i m ent = to express praise or admiration 5) dubious
of somebody
10. 1) hoist 2) puncture
T em per = to m ake the effects of
som ethin g less severe b y
3) disturb 4) attack
balancing it with the else 5) deflate
Un pr ec edent ed = never having happened, been 11. 1) protect 2) tender
done or been known before 3) abandon 4) pluck
Over and above = besides something; in addition 5) touch
to something St u bbo r n = determined not to change one’s
M ar g i n al = having little importance; not attitude or position; having a strong
K
central will
J i gsaw = a picture printed on cardboard P assi o n = a strong feeling eg of hate, love or
or wood cut into variou s anger
different shapes that have to A we = to fill somebody with a feeling of
be fitted together again; jigsaw respect com bined with fear or
puzzle. wonder
Bru t e = involving physical force only and not
Passage 10 thought or reason
Out run = to run faster or further than
Bret Bonson loved animals (1) on a family owned somebody/ something
Zoo. He had grown up caring for antelope, deer and I nst i nc t = a natural feeling that makes one act
wildcats. He was (2), at times stubbornly, protective. or respond in a particular way.
Once, when a tiger cub was born with a deformed leg, Ho i st = to raise something to a higher
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the local veterinarian and Bret’s parents (3) the animal position
would never live a full life. Even so, the boy bottle-fed Defl at e = to m ake someb ody feel less
the cub and cared for it. (4) Bret’s mothering, the cub confident than they were or less
important than they thought they
died, but Bret’s mothering (5) lived on.
were.
He worked at a Safari park where, in 1980, he T ender = loving; gentle; easily moved to pity
trained his first African elephant and found his true or sympathy
(6). From the beginning Bonson was (7) by elephants. Pluc k = to hold something with the fingers
They have the (8) force to uproot trees and can outrun and pull it.
the fastest human sprinter. But they also have (9)
fine motor skills. The same trunk that could (10) the Passage 11
front end of an automobile or fracture a predator’s Gandhiji once said, “I would say that if the village
skull could gently (11) a peanut from the fingers of a perishes, India will perish too. India will be (1) more
small child. India. Her own mission in the world will get (2). The
1. 1) created 2) constructed (3) of the village is possible only when it is no more
3) built 4) erected (4). Industrialisation on a mass scale will (5) lead to
5) raised passive or active exploitation of the villagers as the
2. 1) methodically 2) carefully problem (6) competition and marketing come in.
3) fiercely 4) suitably Therefore, we have to (7) on the village being self-
5) actually contained, manufacturing mainly for use. Provided this
3. 1) believed 2) valued character of the village industry is (8) there would be
3) expressed 4) imagined no objection to villagers using even the modern
5) exhibited machines and tools that they can make and (9) to
4. 1) Until 2) Unless use. Only, they (10) not be used as a means of
3) Instead 4) Despite exploitation of others.”
5) Although 1. 1) certainly 2) scarcely
5. 1) belief 2) instinct 3) much 4) no
3) love 4) passion 5) any
5) care

2. 1) lost 2) extension new teaching posts in colleges. (10) with this problem,
3) elevated 4) flourished authorities at the university have decided that serving
5) jeopardy teachers belonging to various disciplines will teach
3. 1) rehabilitation 2) pruning the paper.
3) revival 4) devastation 1. 1) Despite 2) Having
5) atonement 3) Enacting 4) Adopting
4. 1) denuded 2) exploited 5) Although
3) contaminated 4) populated 2. 1) contaminate 2) clean
5) ruined 3) filter 4) protect
5. 1) passionately 2) surprisingly 5) pollute
3) scarcely 4) never 3. 1) resulting 2) why
5) necessarily 3) obvious 4) as
6. 1) forming 2) enhancing 5) because
3) between 4) of 4. 1) seldom 2) don’t
5) with 3) hardly 4) perfectly
7. 1) concentrate 2) ponder 5) actually
3) imagine 4) ensure 5. 1) inability 2) deferral
5) decide 3) decision 4) failure
8. 1) regained 2) neglected 5) reluctance
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3) maintained 4) thwarted 6. 1) extracts 2) accord
5) abolished 3) expects 4) loses
9. 1) prepare 2) afford 5) assumes
3) hesitate 4) propose 7. 1) displeasure 2) antagonism
5) plan 3) hurdles 4) confusion
10. 1) can 2) could 5) priority
3) need 4) would 8. 1) losses 2) constraints
5) should 3) apathy 4) soundness
P e r i sh = to be destroyed; to die 5) independence
R evi val = a recovery; the process of bringing 9. 1) receive 2) establish
something back 3) emphasize 4) expect
J e o par dy = at risk
5) sanction
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R eh abi l i t at e = to restore somebody/ something to
their/ its former higher status or
10. 1) Down 2) Familiarity
position 3) Faced 4) Convinced
Prune = to reduce the extent of something 5) Solution
by cutting unnecessary parts. St ri n gent = that must be obeyed; strict or severe
At one = to act in a way that compensates for Assu m e = to accept something as true before
a previous wrong or error. there is proof
Denude = to make something bare D e f er r al = delaying something until a later time
P o nder = to think about something carefully An t ag o n i sm = a feeling of hostility or opposition
and for a long time especially in Co n st r ai n t = a thing that limits or restricts
trying to reach a decision; to consider Apat h y = a lack of interest, enthusiasm or
T h war t = to prevent somebody doing what concern
they intended to; to oppose a plan
etc successfully. Passage 13
P assi o n at e = caused b y or showin g stron g
feelings
A friend in need is a friend indeed. A man who stands
(1) his friend in (2) is a true friend, Selfless love is
Passage 12 the base of true friendship. True friends share each
other’s joy and sorrow, pain and pleasure. They do
(1) stringent anti-pollution laws, mass awareness not fall (3) in adversity. They have full confidence in
levels in India about the need to (2) the environment each other. They never (4) each other. (5) makes
are low. Which is (3) many people insist that mere friends, adversity tries them. A selfless friend is (6);
laws won’t do; what we (4) need are “environment a selfish friend is a curse. The first is an angel and
conscious” citizens. It is in this context that the the second is a devil. One makes your career while
University’s (5) to introduce environment studies as the other (7) it.
a compulsory paper at the undergraduate level (6) True friendship means great self-sacrifice on the
significance. There was some (7) initially about who part of both. A true frie nd (8) ple asure and
would teach the paper because financial (8) make it convenience . He goes cut of his way and faces
impossible for colleges to (9) approval for new teaching difficulties in his way with joy and even with pride.
posts. In fact, in August 1999, the University Grants Joy and sorrow, success and failure, good fortune and
Commission (UGC) imposed a ban on the creation of

Cloze Test 417
misfortune, are equally (9) by a pair of true friends. Passage 14

They (10) the burden of life equally for they feel that
they sail in the same boat and that they have to sink The Government seems to be in right earnest to
and swim together. ensure more (1) in governance. The Prime Minister’s
1. 1) to 2) with announcement that his Government is (2) drafting
3) for 4) by legilsation to (3) the citizen’s right to information is
5) of indeed welcome. Though the talk on the right to
2. 1) adversity 2) commotion information is not new, we may (4) the bill to be
3) change 4) happiness brought early this time. The previous Government had
5) growth set up a high-level committee to (5) a draft bill. But
3. 1) by 2) to nothing has been heard about the matter since, (6)
3) off 4) with the committee did quite some work. The issue,
5) through however, has come to such a pass that a solution
4. 1) postulate 2) commit cannot be (7) further. Sunlight is the best disinfectant,
3) danger 4) deplete a foreign judge once said, while (8) the unwarranted
5) betray secrecy in an administrative system. When those in
5. 1) Wealth 2) Prosperity authority know that people have the right to ask
3) Man 4) Providence questions and the government is under the (9) to
5) Well-bring provide them with answers, (10) of authority, or of
1) boon 2) force public finances, for personal or party ends is less likely
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6.
3) blessing 4) calamity to happen.
5) message 1. 1) strictness 2) rudeness
7. 1) throws 2) develops 3) leniency 4) economy
3) constructs 4) mars 5) transparency
5) lacks 2. 1) personally 2) busy
8. 1) foregoes 2) mitigates 3) not 4) reluctantly
3) evolves 4) appraises 5) absolutely
5) prospers 3. 1) presumption 2) absolve
9. 1) built 2) pleased 3) curb 4) question
3) admired 4) advocated 5) establish
5) shared 4. 1) expect 2) wait
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10. 1) expect 2) shoulder 3) try 4) frustrate
3) dislike 4) propose 5) appeal
5) project 5. 1) level 2) regard
St an d by = to support or help somebody 3) prepare 4) enact
Adversi t y = difficulties; trouble; misfortune 5) unearth
Com m ot i on = noisy confusion or excitement 6. 1) even 2) as
F al l o f f = to decrease in quantity or quality 3) because 4) until
P o st u l at e = to accept or suggest that something 5) though
is true, especially as a basis for 7. 1) found 2) expected
reasoning or discussion
3) delayed 4) looked
Deplet e = to reduce greatly the quantity size,
power or value of something.
5) longed
Bet r ay = to show a lack of loyalty to 8. 1) nurturing 2) criticising
somebody/ something 3) demanding 4) appreciating
Providenc e = the way in which God or nature 5) upholding
cares for and protects all creatures 9. 1) pretentious 2) affect
Bl essi n g = God’s favour and protection 3) substance 4) obligation
Cu r se = a magical word or phrase spoken 5) property
with the aim of punishing, injuring
10. 1) misuse 2) governance
or destroying somebody/ something
M ar = to damage or spoil something
3) dishonour 4) curbing
F o r eg o = to give up or do without something 5) breach
especially something pleasant I n earnest = to a greater extent; with more
Mi t i gat e = to make something less severe, determination and energy
violent or painful Di si nf ec t ant = a substance that cleans something
A ppr ai se = to assess the value quality or nature by destroying the bacteria that cause
of somebody/ something disease
Leni ent = not severe, especially in punishing
people.
Presum pt i on = the action of supposing something
to be true.

Abso lv e = to declare that somebody is free of 3) maintaining 4) doubling

guilt, blame etc. 5) minimising
Cu r b = to prevent something from getting 11. 1) damage 2) variable
out of control
3) content 4) yield
Long = to wait something very much; to have
a strong desire for something or to
5) refuge
do something 12. 1) squandered 2) preserved
Uph o l d = to support or confirm a decision, 3) doubled
b elief etc which has been 4) engulfed
questioned 5) coerced
Pret en t i ous = claiming importance, value or style, 13. 1) equilibrium 2) existence
especially without good cause. 3) failure 4) proportion
5) bankruptcy
Passage 15 Co nq uest = the action or an in stan ce of
Man in his (1) of nature and universe has made conquering somebody
the world (2), polluted. The air we breathe is polluted, Foul = very unpleasant; very bad; terrible
Wan t o n = done deliberately for no good reason
the water we drink is (3). There is (4) felling of trees,
R ec lam at i o n = the action of making land fit to
clearing of jungles, (5) natural barriers like the cultivate, eg by drain ing it or
mountains and drying up the oceans by way of (6). bringing water to it
This (7) of nature by man is a grave mistake for which Grav e = serious and important; giving cause
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mankind has to pay the price. Rapid industrialisation for worry
means (8) the industrial effluents into the rivers and V an dal i sm = behaviour character of a person who
seas. The river water has turned murky. Marine life deliberately destroys or damages
has been (9). The toxic chemicals have made the air works of art, public and private
property, the beauties of nature etc
that we breathe polluted. Pesticides and insecticides
for no good reason.
sprayed on plants and the chemicals and fertilizers Effl uent = liquid waste matter, sewage etc that
used for (10) plant yield have poisoned our food. Hence pours out of a factory into a river
what we eat today has high toxic (11). Nature’s Murky = dirty; not clear
plentifulness is a heritage not to be (12) with impunity. E n dan ger ed = in danger of becoming extinct
It must be conserved for future generations or its (13) Ex t i nc t = no longer in existence
will extinguish all. S q u an de r = to waste something foolishly or
1. 1) pursuit 2) view 3) conquest carelessly
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Im puni t y = freedom from punishment or injury
4) victim 5) want
E x t i n gu i sh = to end the existence of a feeling,
2. 1) foul 2) diluted condition etc
3) poor 4) precarious Pu rsui t = the action of looking for or trying to
5) critical find something
3. 1) disturbed 2) pure P r e c ar i o u s = not safe; dangerous
3) counterproductive 4) suffocated Pr ov oc at i o n = the action of making somebody
5) contaminated an gry by delib erately doin g
4. 1) dubious 2) wanton something annoying or offensive.
E v asi o n = the act or process of avoiding
3) careful
something that is legally or morally
4) planned required
5) useless Di vulge = to make something known especi-
5. 1) attacking 2) projecting ally a secret
3) cutting 4) blasting Menac e = a thing or person that threatens to
5) sizing harm somebody/ something
6. 1) reclamation 2) inhabitation Cu lm i nat e = to reach the highest point or
3) stabilisation 4) destruction specified conclusion or result.
F o r f ei t = to giv e up som ething or have
5) damage
som ethin g taken away as a
7. 1) provocation 2) adventure consequence of or punishment for
3) vandalism 4) abundance having done something wrong.
5) evasion R efuge = shelter or protection from danger,
8. 1) relocating 2) divulging trouble etc
3) menacing 4) culminating E ngul f = to surround somebody/ something
5) diverting especially so that they are
9. 1) evaporated 2) endangered completely covered
Coerc e = to make somebody do something by
3) devalued 4) eliminated
using force or threats
5) forfeiting Ban k ru pt c y = the state of being unable to pay
10. 1) managing 2) developing one’s debts

Cloze Test 419
Passage 16 13. 1) light 2) day

3) authority 4) person
Once Gurudev Tagore asked Gandhiji: “Gandhiji,are 5) sun
you (1) unromantic? When in the early (2) the morning 14. 1) scorch 2) shine
sun rises does it not (3) your heart with joy to see its 3) bright 4) burn
reddish glow? When the birds (4) does not your heart 5) illuminate
thrill with its (5) music? When the rose opens its 15. 1) brightness 2) shade
petals and blooms in the garden, does its sight not 3) dullness 4) strength
bring (6) to your he art?” The Mahatma re plie d, 5) stairs
“Gurudev, I am not so dumb or (7) as not to be moved T i nt = a shade or variety of a colour
by the beauty of the rose or the morning rays of the Si gh = an act or sound of taking long deep
sun or the music of the birds. But what can I do? My b reath that can b e heard,
one (8), my one anxiety, my one ambition is: When expressin g sadn ess, relief,
shall I see the red tint of the rose on the cheeks of tiredness etc
L u st r e = the soft brightness of a smooth or
(9) (10) millions of my people? When shall I hear the
shining surface; glory; distinction
sweet and melodious song of the birds in place of D awn = the time of day when light first
their (11) sighs - when will such music (12) out of appears
their soul? And when will that (13) come, when the Flo c k = a group of sheep, goats or birds of
light of the morning sun will (14) the heart of the the same type either kept together
common man in India? When will I see its lustre and or feeding and travelling together
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(15) on his face?” Divine = wonderful; beautiful
1. 1) not 2) genuinely Ar o m a = a distinctive usually pleasant smell
L e t h ar gi c = lazy
3) seldom 4) so
Sc o r c h = to burn and damage a surface by
5) fairly making it too hot.
2. 1) season 2) dawn I ll um i n at e = to shine light on something
3) monsoon 4) climate
5) days Passage 17
3. 1) involve 2) impeach
Man has always considered himself to be the ruler
3) move 4) fill
of his planet. This (1) and the attendant superiority
5) penetrate
feeling has made him look down (2) other creatures
4. 1) fly 2) nestle
who co-exist with human on this earth. The so-called
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3) flock 4) cry
civilized human race has (3) and ill-treated small and
5) sing
large animal species and birds in an attempt to prove
5. 1) alarming 2) fearful
his (4). It is common knowledge that (5) number of
3) divine 4) irritating
animals have been (6) for centuries under the (7) of
5) loud
conducting scientific experiments or for sports. Till
6. 1) aroma 2) cheer
recently, in the (8) of scientific experiments, monkeys
3) fragrance 4) agony
and frogs have been (9) to dissection and (10) in the
5) fear
laboratory.
7. 1) insensitive 2) lethargic
1. 1) pleasure 2) fact
3) ambitious 4) idle
3) achievement 4) force
5) romantic
5) arrogance
8. 1) slogan 2) request
2. 1) in 2) upon
3) interpretation 4) desire
3) with 4) for
5) demand
5) into
9. 1) old 2) rich
3. 1) criticised 2) devalued
3) happy 4) noble
3) protected 4) abused
5) hungry
5) enlarged
10. 1) naked 2) fashioned
4. 1) supremacy 2) wisdom
3) poor 4) fellow
3) cleverness 4) instinct
5) playful
5) possession
11. 1) encouraging 2) flourishing
5. 1) tall 2) plenty
3) prosperous 4) agonizing
3) countless 4) diverse
5) cheerful
5) numerous
12. 1) play 2) bring
6. 1) tortured 2) exposed
3) come 4) drop
3) treated 4) vanished
5) sing
5) extinct

7. 1) projection 2) criticism 5. 1) maintained 2) illustrated

3) pretext 4) game 3) marginalised 4) bestowed
5) study 5) forsaken
8. 1) matter 2) set 6. 1) vast 2) brief
3) scheme 4) virtue 3) formal 4) clean
5) name 5) distinct
9. 1) confined 2) subjected 7. 1) dormant 2) dedicated
3) condemned 4) allied 3) vital 4) common
5) performed 5) dynamic
10. 1) cruelty 2) deformation 8. 1) strength 2) tips
3) study 4) vivisection 3) clearance 4) sermons
5 ) proliferation 5) ideals
L o o k do wn u po n = to con sider som eb ody/ 9. 1) informed 2) narrated
something inferior to oneself; to 3) intensified 4) realised
regard somebody/ something with 5) invented
contempt
10. 1) encouraging 2) imitating
Under t he pret ext of = giving the specified reason
as one’s justification.
3) blaming 4) preaching
Di ssec t i on = the practice of cutting up dead body, 5) assuming
a plant etc in order to study Det eri or at e = to become worse in quality or condition
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Vi vi sec t i on = the practice of performin g Best o w = to presen t somethin g as a gift to
operations etc on live animals for somebody
the purposes of scientific research. V i t al = essential to the existence, success or
V an i sh = to disappear completely an d operation of something.
suddenly Se r m o n s = a talk on a moral or religious subject
Ex t i nc t = no longer in existence usually given by a priest during a religious
Co ndem n = to say that one disapproves strongly service.
of somebody/ something; to criticize
somebody/ something Passage 19
P r o l i fer at i o n = a rapid growth or increase in
numbers
The social (1) of the Web lifestyle and work style
are enormous. A lot of people (2) that computers and
Passage 18 the Internet will depersonalize experience, creating a
KUNDAN
world that is less warm. But these are unfounded as
In the se days of e conomic libe ralisation, we know that some people were (3) afraid that the
globalisation, etc. materialistic values have assumed telephone would reduce face-to-face contact and will
(1) importance. Money, physical comforts and luxuries (4) society to fall apart. But the (5) actually came true.
are the most sought after aspects. There has been (2) Just as phone and e-mail have increased contact
competition. Such competition (3) undue stress. The between people living in different communities and
stress leads to (4) of health of the people. Indian between people on the go, the PC and the Internet
culture has (5) its striking uniqueness, as against give us (6) way to communicate. They do not take any
the Western culture, in the fact that there is a (6) away. In reality, the ability to use the Internet to
place for spiritualism in the value system in all walks redefine (7) in our communities is strengthening
of life. The spirituality is a very (7) force which helps personal and cultural (8). The Web lifestyle is about
us in maintaining our physical and mental health. It broadening (9), not narrowing them. Community
gives us (8) to cope with the stress. Westerners have building is going to be one of the biggest growth areas
now (9) the importance of spirituality and, therefore, on the Web. It dramatically increases the number of
they have started (10) us in the matter of spirituality. communities you can bond to because of its ability to
1. 1) usual 2) little (10) groups of like-minded people independent of
3) tangible 4) least geography or time zones.
5) greater 1. 1) groups 2) needs
2. 1) critical 2) unhealthy 3) factor 4) teaching
3) unequalled 4) no 5) implications
5) absolute 2. 1) accept 2) dare
3. 1) releases 2) deserves 3) fear 4) propose
3) generates 4) demonstrates 5) reject
5) suppresses 3. 1) strongly 2) initially
4. 1) neglect 2) illness 3) always 4) never
3) generation 4) deterioration 5) possibly
5) encroachment 4. 1) let 2) decay
3) develop 4) cause
5) destroy

Cloze Test 421
5. 1) opposite 2) found 8. 1) distinctive 2) appreciated

3) finding 4) different 3) formative 4) helping
5) negative 5) end
6. 1) cheaper 2) economical 9. 1) evolving 2) spreading
3) another 4) second 3) esteem 4) wisdom
5) many 5) popularity
7. 1) groups 2) ethics 10. 1) desirable 2) manageable
3) culture 4) bonds 3) redundant 4) vulnerable
5) boundaries 5) possible
8. 1) distances 2) connections Tone up = to make one’s body stronger, fitter
3) differences 4) implications etc
5) suggestions Ch ao s = Complete disorder or confusion
9. 1) horizons 2) values Cal am i t y = an event that causes great harm or
damage; a disaster
3) nations 4) means
P er pet ual = without interruption; continuous
5) status I nduc e = to persuade or influence somebody
10. 1) reduce 2) focus to do something
3) prepare 4) connect I m pli c at e = to show that somebody is involved
5) develop in something, especially in crime.
Enor m ous = very large; huge; immense I nc ulc at e = to fix ideas, principles etc firmly in
somebody’s mind especially by
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I m pli c at i on = the conclusion that can be drawn from
something, although it is not explicitly often repeating them
stated. Ch e r i sh = to keep a feeling or an idea in one’s
Et hi c s = moral principles that govern or influence mind or heart and think of it with
a person’s behaviour. pleasure
V ul n er abl e = that can be hurt, harmed or attacked
Passage 20 easily especially because of being
small or weak.
The urgent need of the hour is to (1) up the moral R edun dan t = no longer needed; unnecessary
(2) of our society in general and of our student
community in particular, if we want to save ourselves Passage 21
and our socie ty from the pre se nt (3) of mass
Studies (1) the impact of computer models to
indiscipline and (4) of basic human values, which has
support policy-making processes in organisations have
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become a (5) phenomenon. We must, therefore, (6)
(2) that client involvement in the model-building
and practise the most (7) basic human values like co-
process is often a (3) for effective model-building. One
operation, tolerance, patriotism, generosity, truth,
important reason is that the process of model-building
justice and excellence—the ideals which are universal
is frequently more important than the resulting model.
in nature and which are (8) in themselves and which
Model-building itself is largely a (4) process about the
are worthy of (9) for their own sake. These ideals are
problem. Most (5) about the characteristics of an ill-
both personally as well as socially (10).
structured problem are gained during the (6) process
1. 1) give 2) stand
of designing a computer model, rather than after the
3) jack 4) climb
model is finished. Another important reason is that
5) tone
most information in an organisation (7) in the mental
2. 1) fibre 2) enactment
models of organisation members. To support policy-
3) reconstruction 4) situation
making in organisation it is this knowledge which
5) appreciation
needs to be (8) and represented in the model. An
3. 1) polarisation 2) degradation
important topic in client-oriented or (9) model building
3) chaos 4) provocation
thus be come s the (10) of re le vant knowle dge
5) sentiments
contained in the mental models of participants.
4. 1) calamity 2) focus
1. 1) evaluating 2) focussing
3) realisation 4) erosion
3) projecting 4) advocating
5) criticism
5) directing
5. 1) durable 2) universal
2. 1) devised 2) exhibited
3) perpetual 4) segmental
3) convinced 4) attributed
5) prolific
5) indicated
6. 1) incorporate 2) induce
3. 1) support 2) valuation
3) implicate 4) inculcate
3) prerequisite 4) material
5) involve
5) blueprint
7. 1) absorbing 2) cherished
4. 1) valuable 2) durable
3) introspective 4) famous
3) tedious 4) learning
5) productive
5) critical

5. 1) thinking 2) insights when East Asia was experiencing (8) difficulties.

3) planning 4) appreciation However, the one unambiguous Achilles’ heel of
5) opinion the reforms has been the (9) state of government
6. 1) elongated 2) concentrated finances. One of the two crises that India faced in
3) iterative 4) evolving 1990-91 was the unsustainable imbalance between
5) consummate government revenues and (10).
7. 1) resides 2) follows 1. 1) pulsating 2) shocked
3) settles 4) lies 3) commendable 4) promotable
5) committed 5) dipped
8. 1) extended 2) bisected 2. 1) production 2) consumption
3) subjected 4) captured 3) index 4) growth
5) attributed 5) progress
9. 1) revolving 2) interactive 3. 1) moderate 2) lukewarm
3) dogmatic 4) accentuated 3) shaky 4) considerate
5) formative 5) obstinate
10. 1) demarcation 2) formation 4. 1) ledger 2) balance
3) proliferation 4) association 3) equilibrium 4) intention
5) elicitation 5) idea
At t r i but ed = to regard something as belonging 5. 1) demonstrated 2) exercising
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to, cau sed by or produced b y 3) rejecting 4) display
somebody/ something 5) exhibiting
Pr erequ i si t e = a thing required as a condition for
6. 1) substantial 2) exemplary
something to happen or exist
Bluepri nt = a detailed plan or scheme
3) indicative 4) conservative
E l o n gat e = to make something longer 5) destructive
I t erat i ve = relating to or involving the repetition 7. 1) rationalisation 2) handling
of a process or utterance especially 3) management 4) proportions
of mathematical or computational 5) ration
process. 8. 1) crisis 2) overcoming
Co nsum m at e = highly skilled; perfect 3) severe 4) enjoyable
D ogm at i c = insisting that one’s beliefs are right
5) wailing
and that others should accept them,
9. 1) critical 2) vulnerable
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without paying attention to evidence
or to other opinions 3) prone 4) attackable
Ac c ent uat ed = to make something very noticeable 5) easygoing
or promin ent; to emphasize 10. 1) surplus 2) measurement
something. 3) thinking 4) incomes
F o r m at i v e = having an important and lasting 5) expenditure
influence on the development of A far c ry from
somebody’s character so m et h i n g = at or to a great distance
Elic i t = to draw facts, a response etc from By and l ar ge = in general; generally speaking
som eb ody, som etim es with Am pl e = enough or more than enough
difficulty. Weat h e r = to come safely through a difficult
period etc; to survive something.
Passage 22 Un am bi gu o u s = clear in meaning; that cannot be
interpreted in more than one way
In the decade since reforms were introduced, India
Achi lles’ heel = a week point or small fault
has achieved substantial success in the sphere of especially in som eb ody’s
macroeconomics. Overall growth rate has been (1) character, which cannot be used
except for the last couple of years. It bears pointing or attacked by other people to
out that we have now come to view a 6 per cent (2) their advantage
rate as a slowdown! This is a far cry from pre-reforms P u l sat e = to expand and contract with
rate of growth of 3 per cent. The price level has by and strong regular movements
large remained (3) both as measured by the WPI and Co m m en dabl e = deserving praise
L u k e war m = only slightly warm
CPI. India’s (4) of payments position has bee n
Co n si der at e = thoughtful; careful not to hurt or
comfortable. Exports, while (5) some sluggishness this trouble others
fiscal, have been growing. Imports, in spite of (6) Obst i n at e = difficult to overcome, remove etc
liberalisation, have not gone out of hand. This is amply E x em pl ar y = serving as a good example,
reflected in the comfortable current account deficits suitable to be copied.
(CAD); the CAD-to-GDP ratio has remained way below W ai l = to cry or com plain ab ou t
the crisis (7) that it had achieved in 1991. The rupee something in a loud, usually high
has weathered external turbulence rather well even pitched voice.

Cloze Test 423
Pro ne = likely to suffer from , do or Passage 24

experien ce somethin g
unfortunate Actually everyday we are engaged in this business
of ‘reading’ people. We do it (1). We want to figure
Passage 23 others out. So we (2) make guesses about what others
The weaker sections of the rural population are think, value, want and feel and we do so based on our
mostly from the socially and economically backward (3) beliefs and understandings about human nature.
and (1) sections of the village community. Because of We do so because if we can figure out (4) and
their (2) and financial difficulty, they are not readily intentions of others the possibility of them (5) or
(3) to change their work habits and adopt modern hurting us (6) and this will help us to (7) a lot of
technology. (4) sure about the traditional methods, unnecessary pain and trouble. We also make second-
they are (5) to take to (6) equipment and techniques guesses about what they will do in future, how they
which require some time to get accustomed for (7) will (8) if we make this or that response. We do all
work. this second-guessing based upon our (9) of what we
After holding a number of group meetings with rural believe about the person’s inner nature (10) his or
people (8) to different vocations and spread over the her roles and manners. We mind-read their (11)
entire country, we can safely say that persons in the motives.
villages are not (9) for training to improve upon their Also, everyday we misguess and misread. Why?
traditional and hereditary (10) of working. Because of the complexity, (12), and multidimensional
functioning of people. After all, how well do you ‘read’
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1. 1) depressed 2) different
3) rich 4) privileged your own thoughts, aims, values, motives, beliefs, etc?
5) forward How well do you know your own structuring process
2. 1) ability 2) dependence — your own thinking and (13) styles?
3) illiteracy 4) number 1. 1) vehemently 2) practically
5) majority 3) actually 4) incessantly
3. 1) discarding 2) feeling 5) virtually
3) bending 4) undertaking 2. 1) ably 2) constantly
5) willing 3) partly 4) largely
4. 1) Making 2) Having 5) positively
3) Quite 4) Being 3. 1) futuristic 2) proactive
5) Not 3) reactive 4) decorative
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5. 1) forced 2) reluctant 5) assumptive
3) bound 4) prepared 4. 1) manifestations 2) expressions
5) curious 3) motives 4) hopes
6. 1) farming 2) traditional 5) prospects
3) improved 4) powerful 5. 1) tricking 2) blaming
5) old 3) furthering 4) alarming
7. 1) routine 2) monotonous 5) criticizing
3) excessive 4) wasteful 6. 1) lessens 2) happens
5) effective 3) questions 4) deepens
8. 1) accruing 2) helping 5) laments
3) enabling 4) belonging 7. 1) approach 2) direct
5) referring 3) avoid 4) implement
9. 1) eager 2) capable 5) prepare
3) indifferent 4) antagonistic 8. 1) solve 2) apply
5) unwilling 3) plan 4) approach
10. 1) theories 2) techniques 5) respond
3) desires 4) hours 9. 1) projection 2) exhibition
5) policies 3) situation 4) prediction
V oc at i o n = a person’s job or profession 5) attribution
Pri vi leged = having a special right or advantage 10. 1) organizing 2) underneath
available only to a particular person 3) appreciating 4) proposing
or group of people 5) outside
R eluc t ant = unwilling and therefore slow to act, 11. 1) cunning 2) visible
agree etc
3) deeper 4) obvious
Ac crue = to allow something to collect over a
period of time; to accumulate
5) proposed
E ag e r = full of interest or desire; keen 12. 1) abnormality 2) angularity
Ant ago ni st i c = showing or feeling opposition; 3) focus 4) layeredness
hostile; aggressive 5) contribution

13. 1) proposing 2) developing 9. 1) ignorant 2) alert

3) upbringing 4) lamenting 3) prepared 4) vigilant
5) emotive 5) aware
Vehem ent = showing or caused by strong feeling; 10. 1) administrative 2) financial
passionate 3) capacity 4) business
I n c essan t = not stopping; continual 5) hierarchical
V i r t u al l y = almost
S l ac k n e ss = laziness
Pr oac t i ve = creating or controlling a situation by
Ant i c i pat e = to expect something
causing things to happen rather
Assi m i l at e = to absorb ideas, information etc in
than reacting to events
the mind
Manifest at ion = an event, an action, an object or a
statement that shows something
clearly, eg illustrating or resulting
Passage 26
from an abstract idea The first proposal I submitted for my dissertation
L esse n = to become or make something less at UCLA was to write a theory of personality. My
L am e n t s = to feel or express great sorrow or
chairman, a kindly man, smiled (1) and told me that
regret for somebody/ something
Un der n eat h = b en eath som ethin g; b elow perhaps this was a bit ambitious for a young graduate
something student.
Cunning = clever at deceiving people (2), I accepted his verdict and changed my topic,
An gu l ar = thin and having prominent bones; but not my desire. It (3) later, when I had a chance to
K
stiff and awkward begin to (4) a theory in my research on group dynamics
Em ot ive = arousing or able to arouse intense for the Navy during the Korean War.
feelin g; ten ding to affect the As I (5) on the reasons for the persistence of my
emotions
inte rest in the ove rarching theory, I had an (6)
Passage 25 memory. When I was around eight years old, I was a
(7) baseball fan, as was my father. My hero was Lou
The study of accountancy is (1) in demand in the Gohrig. I would approach my father in an attempt to
view of (2) of greater complexity in our business prove to him how good Gohrig really was : “He hit 363,
organisation. Formerly a (3) of day-to-day income and had 49 home runs, batted in 165 runs. He’s terrific!”
e xpe nditure was more than (4) . A busine ss My father’s response caught me off guard : “Yes, but
organisation today has to (5) a clear account of the he can’t field.” I wasn’t prepared for that. From then
(6) it uses, the amounts that are owing to it, the on, my way of (8) with my father’s responses was to
KUNDAN
amount that it owes to others, the profit or loss it make sure I knew everything about any topic I wanted
has made and the (7) it employs. Without a scientific to talk to him about. Partly as a (9), I became a holist.
(8) of accounting no businessman can be fully (9) of I had to make sure I had (10) for everything.
his real (10) position and run his organisation. 1. 1) usually 2) profusely
1. 1) progressing 2) getting 3) benignly 4) abruptly
3) powering 4) moving 5) decidedly
5) growing 2. 1) Indolently 2) Skilfully
2. 1) demand 2) growth 3) Enchanted 4) Constrained
3) status 4) position 5) Chagrined
5) slackness 3. 1) lamented 2) resurfaced
3. 1) mixture 2) map 3) appreciated 4) provided
3) measure 4) record 5) projected
5) transaction 4. 1) inject 2) involve
4. 1) sufficient 2) anticipated 3) exhibit 4) formulate
3) expected 4) required 5) establish
5) necessary 5. 1) pondered 2) evaluated
5. 1) gather 2) observe 3) developed 4) perfected
3) maintain 4) organise 5) appreciated
5) assimilate 6. 1) interesting 2) obvious
6. 1) manpower 2) infrastructure 3) engulfing 4) esteemed
3) money 4) resources 5) evolving
5) capabilities 7. 1) precarious 2) haunting
7. 1) capital 2) strength 3) deliberate 4) pervasive
3) authority 4) strategies 5) rabid
5) principles 8. 1) patience 2) alliance
8. 1) way 2) plan 3) influence 4) coping
3) system 4) goal 5) questioning
5) purpose

Cloze Test 425
9. 1) custom 2) capacity 2. 1) for 2) was

3) defence 4) preference 3) from 4) with
5) posterity 5) may
10. 1) consideration 2) accounted 3. 1) replacing 2) retailing
3) longing 4) regard 3) rotating 4) re-regulating
5) established 5) reducing
D i sser t at i o n = a long essay on a particular subject 4. 1) lie 2) profess
especially one written for a higher 3) exhibit 4) manifest
university degree 5) express
Benignly = kindly; gently; mildly; pleasantly
5. 1) analytical 2) absorbing
I ndolent = lazy
Persi st en c e = continuing to do something in spite
3) interesting 4) frightening
of difficulties 5) valuable
Over ar c h i n g = Covering a wide range of topics, 6. 1) critical 2) obsolete
interests, activities etc 3) modern 4) devastating
R abi d = violent or extreme 5) lamentable
Of f gu ar d = not prepared for attack, a surprise 7. 1) durability 2) reactivity
or a mistake 3) activity 4) proactivity
Acc ount for = to give a satisfactory record of
5) capacity
money, etc in one’s care.
P r o f u se = in large amounts; abundant
8. 1) systems 2) managements
3) processes 4) individuals
K
E nc h ant ed = filled with delight
Ch agr i n e d = affected with a feelin g of 5) units
disappoin ted or ann oyan ce at 9. 1) echoed 2) supported
having failed, made a mistake etc. 3) adjusted 4) provided
P o nder = to thing about something carefully 5) developed
and for a long time especially in 10. 1) directing 2) providing
trying to reach a decision; to consider
3) affecting 4) questioning
E ngul f = to surround somebody/ something
especially so that they are
5) projecting
completely covered. A d ap t = to make something suitable for a
Evolve = to develop naturally and usually new use, situation etc.
gradually F o st e r = to help the developm en t of
Est eem = to have a high opin ion of something; to encourage or promote
something
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somebody/ something; to respect
somebody/ something greatly Cu lm i nat e = to reach the highest point or
P r e c ar i o u s = not safe; dangerous specified conclusion or result
Hau nt i n g = beautiful and sad, making a strong Obsolet e = no longer used; out of date
impression and remaining in the Shelf – l i f e = the length of time for which a stored
thoughts. item, especially food, remains in
Perv asi v e = present and seen or felt everywhere good condition
Deli berat e = done intentionally
Po st eri t y = all future generations of people Passage 28
In (1) of constitutional guarantees relating to
Passage 27
equality of opportunity and various other guarantees
In the past, it was thought learning knowledge took of equality before the law, the social and economic (2)
place in school and for some also in further education. of women, especially of poor women in India, is well-
Then it was a matter of (1) practical skills at work at known. We are referring mainly to the poor rural women
the beginning of a career, and with a bit of luck, that who have little or no assets and who (3) the bulk of
(2) it. Now things have changed. Global competition the female population in rural areas. It is not as if
is (3) the shelf-life of products and the knowledge only poor rural women get less wages or suffer from
and skills that (4) behind them. The pace of change social ( 4) be cause the y be long to a particular
can be (5). Knowledge that was leading edge at one community. Even at highe r levels of the socio-
minute can become (6) the next. Therefore, it is the economic hierarchy among the well-to-do groups,
(7) rather than knowledge that is the key. Successful women are not (5) to men. Among the economically
organizations have to learn, adapt and change (6) sections of society, women’s proper place is (7) to
continuously as do the (8) within them. This is (9) in be the home. In rural areas, women of (8) status
the rapid growth of knowledge workers. It is (10) all families, normally do not go out to work. In the (9)
levels of organisations. value system, the re is a gradation of e conomic
1. 1) fostering 2) projecting activities, which is (10) in the socio-economic status
3) acquiring 4) manipulating of the family.
5) culminating Thus, if the women of the family do manual labour
in the fields, it denotes low status. Women earning a

living, or supplementing their family income through long and are unlikely to (3) up together again: a(n) (4)
economic activities like stitching, garment-making, or rise in global oil prices, a monsoon that arrived late
some handicraft work, are also considered low because and a spike in global metal prices. North Sea crude
it clearly shows that their family is poor and they are has crossed $42 per barrel, driven up by low petroleum
forced to make ends meet. It is considered right and (5) and soaring demand in the US as war production
proper for a woman to cook, sew and take up activities heats up. Oil markets are also spooked by the (6) of
like pickle-making for her own family. But, if she were Russian oil supplies falling on the back of the Yukos-
to earn a wage through these same activities, it Sibneft probe. There’s little that the government can
denotes poverty and also, often, low socio-economic do to (7) users from soaring oil prices—indeed, it
status. shouldn’t, if it wants to (8) efficiency. Higher transport
1. 1) support 2) spite costs have pushed up rates of vegetables and fruits.
3) contrast 4) wake Farm produce could also get affected by rains that
5) view arrived too late for kharif sowing. China is (9) up steel
2. 1) condition 2) prosperity and other metals from all over the world to (10) a
3) progress 4) deprivation construction boom ahead of the 2008 Olympics,
5) value making metal prices soar all over the world, and
3. 1) constitute 2) deploy sparking inflation in India.
3) measure 4) define 1. 1) mere 2) moderate
5) exploit 3) retarding 4) vehement
K
4. 1) status 2) service 5) dull
3) indifference 4) ignorance 2. 1) obstinate 2) constitute
5) discrimination 3) persist 4) repeat
5. 1) dedicated 2) accountable 5) normalise
3) equal 4) responsible 3. 1) go 2) scramble
5) antagonistic 3) mount 4) yield
6. 1) marginal 2) significant 5) crop
3) well-off 4) affordable 4. 1) sustained 2) suspicious
5) dependable 3) horrific 4) erratic
7. 1) entitled 2) decided 5) favourable
3) indicated 4) debated 5. 1) lists 2) trades
5) considered 3) services 4) inventories
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8. 1) economic 2) appropriate 5) details
3) ample 4) higher 6. 1) prospect 2) progress
5) social 3) view 4) extent
9. 1) unequal 2) prevailing 5) deposit
3) appropriate 4) commendable 7. 1) support 2) ignore
5) deplorable 3) propel 4) prolong
10. 1) reflected 2) exempted 5) insulate
3) barred 4) considered 8. 1) position 2) promote
5) neglected 3) process 4) pass
Depri v at i on = the state of not having the benefits 5) form
that most people have, such as a 9. 1) hurrying 2) passing
home and enough food, money etc 3) pairing 4) gobbling
Deploy = to use something effectively
5) throwing
Ant ago ni st i c = showing or feeling opposition;
hostile; aggressive
10. 1) keep 2) make
Pr ev ai li ng = most usual or widespread 3) feed 4) grow
Co m m endable = deserving praise 5) fight
D epl or abl e = that is, or should be condemned S c ar y = causing fear or alarm
Ex em pt = to make somebody/ something free Crop up = to appear or occu r especially
from an obligation, duty or payment unexpectedly
P e r si st = to con tin u e to do som ethin g
Passage 29 especially with determination and
inspite of difficulty, opposition,
After ten years of (1) inflation, prices have hiked argument or failure
7.5% in the third week of July. This looks scary—after S o ar = to rise quickly to a high level or
all, Indians had got used to prices crawling up by 2% standard
in the last two years, and a 10-year average inflation S po o k = to become suddenly frightened by
rate of about 5%—but you shouldn’t worry. This burst something
P ro be = a thorough and careful investigation
of inflation is the result of three factors that have
of something
come together unexpectedly, are unlikely to (2) for

Cloze Test 427
Gobble up = to use up all of something very 9. 1) closely 2) previously

quickly. 3) timely 4) hastily
Vehem ent = showing or caused by strong feeling; 5) questioningly
passionate
10. 1) stately 2) manifold
Obst i n at e = refusing to change one’s opinion or
decision , despite attem pts to
3) shrinking 4) applicable
persuade one. 5) functioning
Ho r r i f i c = causing horror Underl yi n g = exiting in relation to a situation but
Invent ory = a detailed list eg of goods, furniture not immediately obvious
or jobs to be done. D i ssem i n at e = to spread ideas, beliefs etc widely
P r opel = to move, drive or push something/ I m pet us = a force that encourages a process to
somebody forward develop more quickly
Prolong = to make something last longer R am i fi c at i o n = any of a large number of complex
I nsu l at e = to protect somebody/ something or unexpected results that follow an
from the unpleasant effects of action or a decision.
something. D i sr u pt = to make it difficult for something to
proceed, eg by causin g noise,
Passage 30 problem, interruptions etc.
Syst em i c = done or acting according to a system
In recent years, the banking industry has been or plan
undergoing rapid changes, reflecting a number of (1) R elegat e = to give somebody/ something a
developments. The most significant has been advances lower or less important rank, task
K
in communication and information technology. Which or state.
Hast i l y = hurriedly
have (2) and broadened the (3) of financial information
St at el y = having dignity; impressive; grand
while lowering the costs of many financial activities.
A second key (4) for change has been the increasing Passage 31
competition among a broad (5) of domestic and foreign
institutions in providing banking and (6) financial Tea prices in the domestic (1) continue to rule high
services. Third, financial activity has become larger in the (2) ye ar despite the expectation of a (3)
relative to overall economic activity in most economies. production as compared to the previous year. According
This has meant that any (7) of the financial markets to a preliminary assessment (4) on the weather (5) in
or financial infrastructure has broader economic (8) recent months, tea output in the next year may reach
than might have be e n the case (9) . The se 800 tons as (6) 780 tons last year. During the past
de ve lopme nts have (10) conse que nce s for the three months tea prices have shown an (7). Unlike
KUNDAN
institutional and systemic structure of the financial last year when tea prices were dramatically low, this
sector in general and banking in particular. year prices seem to have (8) at rather high level. In
1. 1) challenging 2) subjective the subsequent four months, the (9) average price
3) situated 4) underlying showed a downtrend, but in September the price has
5) principled (10) hardened to a considerable extent.
2. 1) measured 2) motioned 1. 1) market 2) area
3) habituated 4) processed 3) sector 4) profit
5) accelerated 5) production
3. 1) concealment 2) disagreement 2. 1) last 2) first
3) dissemination 4) sowing 3) current 4) second 4) earlier
5) differentiation 3. 1) lower 2) large
4. 1) force 2) impetus 3) higher 4) maximum
3) pull 4) movement 5) reasonable
5) energy 4. 1) shared 2) based
5. 1) group 2) rank 3) carried 4) strategy
3) place 4) range 5) conducted
5) row 5. 1) pattern 2) forecast
6. 1) personal 2) relegated 3) condition 4) outbreak
3) related 4) noticed 5) out bursts
5) referenced 6. 1) to 2) per
7. 1) disruption 2) dissociation 3) above 4) against
3) shattering 4) split 5) compared
5) dissection 7. 1) upgrade 2) uptrend
8. 1) branches 2) clusters 3) increased 4) increment
3) arrangement 4) ramifications 5) incline
5) subdivisions 8. 1) stabilised 2) surfaced
3) increased 4) moderated
5) synchronised

9. 1) annual 2) weekly making a profit through changes in

3) daily 4) quarterly their value, but with the risk of
5) monthly losing money.
Co n f o r m = to follow generally accepted rules,
10. 1) now 2) then
standards etc; to comply
3) since 4) never L egi t i m at e = in accordance with law or rules; legal
5) again E nac t = to make or pass a law
Subsequ ent = later; following
Incline = to lean or slope or cause something Passage 33
to lean or slope, in a certain direction
Sync hr on i se = to operate, move, turn etc at the First aid experts stress that (1) what to do for an
same time, speed etc. (2) victim until a doctor or other trained person gets
to the accident scene can (3) a life, especially in cases
Passage 32 of stoppage of breathing, severe bleeding, and shock.
A National Horticulture Mission is proposed to be People with special (4) problems, such as diabetes,
launched with a goal to (1) horticulture production by cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, or allergy, are (5) to
2011 -12. States have been (2) to join (3) with the wear some sort of emblem identifying the problem, as
Centre in launching this mission and establish a State a safeguard against administration of medication that
Level Cooperative Society for promoting horticulture. might be injurious or even (6). When emergencies do
Farmers will be (4) to (5) into oilseeds through occur, (7) first aid within the first few minutes often
(8) life or death. (9) administering of first aid (10)
K
promotion of superior seed technology and through
an (6) policy of price support. medical professionals to provide better care.
A model law on (7) of agricultural produce has been 1. 1) before 2) attempting
circulated and, so far, ten States have (8) legal or (9) 3) regarding 4) knowing
action for ‘direct marketing’ and ‘contract farming’ 5) about
arrangements in line with the model law. The Budget 2. 1) injured 2) inquiring
urged all the States to (10) the model law at an early 3) efficient 4) important
date. 5) accidental
1. 1) channelise 2) market 3. 1) harm 2) comfort
3) mobilise 4) double 3) take 4) soothe
5) sell off 5) save
2. 1) found 2) invited 4. 1) mental 2) ethical
KUNDAN
3) reported 4) noticed 3) medical 4) accident
5) dedicated 5) moral
3. 1) hands 2) themselves 5. 1) prohibited 2) invited
3) them 4) along 3) compelled 4) allowed
5) products 5) urged
4. 1) empowered 2) encouraged 6. 1) appropriate 2) dangerous
3) paid 4) granted 3) beneficial 4) fatal
5) authorised 5) remedial
5. 1) look 2) turn 7. 1) expecting 2) providing
3) diversify 4) involve 3) avoiding 4) ignoring
5) invest 5) neglecting
6. 1) independent 2) encouraging 8. 1) determines 2) offers
3) expensive 4) exact 3) vanishes 4) reflects
5) appropriate 5) begs
7. 1) distribution 2) storage 9. 1) Hasty 2) Careless
3) harvesting 4) marketing 3) Proper 4) Probable
5) investment 5) Reasonably
8. 1) precipitated 2) speculated 10. 1) resists 2) instigates
3) initiated 4) prohibited 3) hinders 4) prevents
5) enforced 5) enables
9. 1) penal 2) conforming Epi l epsy = a disease of the nervous system
that cau ses a person to fall
3) legitimate 4) informal
unconscious, often with violent
5) administrative movements of the body.
10. 1) enact 2) explain Em bl em = an ob ject that represen ts
3) interpret 4) clarify something; a symbol
5) elaborate F at al = causing or ending in death
Spec ul at e = to guess; to buy and sell goods or S af e g u ar d = a thing that serves as a protection
stocks and shares in the hope of from harm, risk, or danger

Cloze Test 429
Urge = to recommend or advise something discussion and without quarrelling

strongly Met i c ulous = giving or showing great care and
R em edi al = providing or intended to provide a attention to detail.
treatment, medicine etc that cures
of disease or relieves pain. Passage 35
I n st i gat e = to make something begin or happen
Hi nder = to prevent or delay the progress of If an (1) is genius, he (2) the penalty of genius. If
somebody/ something he has only talent, various cares and worries make
life extremely (3). He takes great pains (4) compose.
Passage 34 He meets with continuous (5) at his inability to reveal
(6). Also he is often (7) with the difficulty of (8) the
New technology has led directly to (1) standards of
public ear. A literary life (9), therefore, mostly an
living, yet science tends to follow market forces as
unhappy (10).
well as to (2) them. It is not surprising that the rich
1. 1) individual 2) ideal
get richer in a continuing cycle of (3) while the poorest
3) invention 4) event
are often left behind. A special (4) should be made by
5) author
the powerhouses of world science to address the
2. 1) tolerates 2) prevents
unmet challenges of the poor. Ending (5) poverty can
3) suffers 4) imposes
relieve many of the pressures on the environment.
5) inflicts
When impoverished households are (6) (7) on their
3. 1) miserable 2) impatient
farms, for example, they face less pressure to cut down
K
3) comfortable 4) happy
neighbouring forests in (8) of new farmland. Still, even
5) bearable
as extreme poverty ends, we must not fuel prosperity
4. 1) about 2) with
with a lack of (9) for industrial pollution and the (10)
3) in 4) to
burning of fossil fuels.
5) and
1. 1) visible 2) declining
5. 1) admiration 2) disappointment
3) improved 4) amicable
3) disapproval 4) criticism
5) rigorous
5) satisfaction
2. 1) fail 2) claim
6. 1) public 2) them
3) market 4) avoid
3) himself 4) literature
5) lead
5) others
3. 1) wealth 2) growth
7. 1) down 2) engaged
3) poverty 4) improvement
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3) busy 4) leading
5) economy
5) faced
4. 1) effort 2) care
8. 1) entering 2) sounding
3) practice 4) occasion
3)awakening 4) gaining
5) sanction
5) listening
5. 1) marginal 2) apparent
9. 1) is 2) governs
3) superficial 4) extreme
3) leads 4) begins
5) dismal
5) wishes
6. 1) abnormally 2) less
10. 1) thing 2) one
3) more 4) excessively
3) ending 4) event
5) unreasonably
5) incidence
7. 1) efficient 2) meticulous
I nflic t = to make som eb ody/ som ethin g
3) careful 4) dependent suffer somethin g; to make
5) productive somebody expect something that is
8. 1) view 2) search unpleasant or not welcome
3) expectation 4) lust
5) place Passage 36
9. 1) attitude 2) mobility
The Indian Meteorological Department has sought
3) initiative 4) concern
permission to (1) a Doppler weather radar system -
5) ease
use d for long-range we athe r fore casting. The
10. 1) unchecked 2) repeated
Government had (2) the equipment in the wake of
3) periodical 4) occasional
26/7 and (3) to find a suitable location have been on
5) limited
(4) then. The key factor is that the radar’s antenna is
Un m et = not satisfied
to be installed in an (5) area of a few square kilometres
D i sm al = less good than expected; very poor;
miserable; gloomy
far from highrises, (6) at an altitude. The radar would
I m po ver i sh = to make somebody poor; to make also need to be (7) near the coast as it would be used
somebody poorer or worse in quality to (8) high-intensity storms or cyclones. MHCC has
Am i c abl e = based on or achieved through polite hinted it is willing to (9) clearance for the Colaba site,

but only after (10) the location. It was after (11) around Enc um ber = to prev en t someb ody/
for locations across the city that the office proposed something from moving or
to locate the radar near the observatory. But the acting freely and easily
Sc ou t ar ou nd = to look in various places to find
problem of finding a suitable site within the (12) still
somebody/ something
remains. The area is very congested. We will have to Abst ai n = to keep oneself from doing or
locate a site not only from the heritage (13) of view having something that one
but also the radar needs to be at a height which is likes or enjoys.
higher than all the buildings in the area. The naval Preci nc t = an area in a town for specific or
residential buildings which are in the area are 13-14 restricted use, especially a
storeys high. If at all it is to be set up at Colaba then shoping area where vehicles
it must be above the (14) structures so that signals may not enter.
reaching the antenna are not (15).
1. 1) detach 2) install
Passage 37
3) launch 4) fix Several studies have (1) that folks who (2) engage
5) attach in mentally challenging activities—like reading, doing
2. 1) granted 2) realised crossword puzzles or playing chess—(3) less likely to
3) abstained 4) seen (4) dementia later in life. The difficulty comes in
5) sanctioned figuring out (5) their good fortune is a direct (6) of
3. 1) try 2) project their leisure activities or whether their continuing
K
3) commission 4) efforts pursuit of these pleasures merely (7) good genes for
5) worked cognitive function.
4. 1) since 2) until A 20-year survey of 469 elderly people living in the
3) already 4) at Bronx, New York, tried to get to the (8) of this chicken-
5) for or-egg question by following subjects who (9) no signs
5. 1) inseparable 2) encumbered of dementia in the first seven years of the study. The
3) unencumbered 4) unpossessed results, which were published in 2003, showed that
5) occupied reading and playing board games or a musical
6. 1) hopelessly 2) hoping instrume nt was (10) with a de cre ase d risk of
3) enacting 4) preferably Alzehimer's disease or other forms of dementia. (11),
5) undesirably those with the strongest habits (12) the greatest
7. 1) erected 2) located benefits. Participants who solved crossword puzzles
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3) stalled 4) tied four days a week, for instance, had a 47% (13) risk of
5) build dementia than those who do the puzzles once a week.
8. 1) deduct 2) examine By the same (14), several studies have suggested
3) feel 4) evaluate that older folks who are socially active — (15), for
5) detect example, do volunteer work or attend religious services
9. 1) advocate 2) launch — have a reduced risk of dementia.
3) pass 4) grant 1. 1) done 2) performed
5) grand 3) found 4) led
10. 1) examining 2) study 5) ensured
3) scanning 4) combing 2. 1) seldom 2) never
5) watching 3) absently 4) reluctantly
11. 1) marching 2) chasing 5) regularly
3) scouting 4) pursuing 3. 1) seem 2) have
5) hunting 3) were 4) refrain
12. 1) campus 2) premises 5) ascertain
3) area 4) perimeter 4. 1) cure 2) engage
5) precinct 3) embarrass 4) develop
13. 1) site 2) point 5) form
3) angle 4) out 5. 1) that 2) low
5) sight 3) when 4) why
14. 1) existing 2) enacted 5) whether
3) demolished 4) planned 6. 1) goal 2) result
5) conceived 3) measure 4) route
15. 1) stopped 2) hurdled 5) offer
3) blocked 4) paused 7. 1) encourages 2) reflects
5) halted 3) enhances 4) engenders
I n t he wake of = com in g after or followin g 5) threats
something

Cloze Test 431
8. 1) height 2) cause D em o n st rat e = to show something clearly by

3) bottom 4) dilemma giving proof or evidence
5) anxiety
9. 1) had 2) conceal
Passage 38
3) reserve 4) force The growth story in any developing country cannot
5) accumulate be (1) without (2) its impact on the poverty and
10. 1) bereft 2) together employment situation. The Planning Commission has
3) envisaged 4) associated (3) that India should strive for ‘more inclusive growth’.
5) anticipated The number of people living below the poverty line
11. 1) Luckily 2) Certainly has (4) from 36 per cent in 1993-94 to 22.0 per cent in
3) Intriguingly 4) Unfortunately 2004-05. Again, the issue is to bring more and more
5) Obviously pe ople out of pove rty by (5) the m productive
12. 1) targeted 2) demonstrated employment opportunities. The Approach Paper to 11th
3) deserved 4) demanded Five Year Plan suggests that doubling the growth of
5) expected agricultural GDP to 4 per cent per annum will (6) rural
13. 1) more 2) greatly employment conditions, by raising real wages and
3) sharper 4) steeper reducing underemployment. However, even if this is
5) lower attained, an overall growth of 9 per cent will further
14. 1) token 2) way increase income (7) between agricultural and non-
3) analogy 4) example
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agricultural households, (8) around 10 million workers
5) author currently in agriculture find remunerative non-
15. 1) they 2) always agricultural employment. This (9) a major challenge
3) same 4) who not only in terms of generating non-agricultural
5) many employment but also in (10) its required location and
Dem ent i a = a serious disorder of mind caused type.
by brain disease or injury 1. 1) completed 2) retold
Fi gure out = to u n derstan d som eb ody/
3) achieved 4) constructed
something by thinking about them/
it.
5) narrated
Pu rsui t = the action of looking for or trying to 2. 1) generating 2) assessing
find something. 3) realising 4) counting
Merely = only; simply 5) finding
KUNDAN
Cogni t i ve = of or relating to the action or process 3. 1) desired 2) estimated
of acquiring knowledge an d 3) focused 4) verified
understanding through thought, 5) stressed
experience or the senses
4. 1) uplifted 2) degraded
By t he sam e = exactly the one or ones referred
t ok en to or mentioned; not different;
3) vanished 4) decreased
identical 5) enhanced
R ef r ai n = to stop oneself doing something, 5. 1) absolving 2) providing
especially something that one would 3) nurturing 4) ignoring
like to do. 5) refusing
Asc er t ai n = to investigate something so that one 6. 1) impact 2) diversify
knows and is certain; to find out 3) lay 4) aggravate
something
5) improve
E ngen der = to be the cause of a situation or
condition
7. 1) opportunity 2) assessment
D i l em m a = a situation in which one has to 3) disparity 4) parity
choose between two undesirable 5) tax
things or courses of action. 8. 1) unless 2) for
Con c eal = to hide somebody/ something 3) in spite of 4) despite
Ber ef t = without or having lost a particular 5) by
power or quality; lacking hope, 9. 1) addresses 2) meets
support or ideas
3) poses 4) recognises
E n v i sage = to imagine something as a future
possibility; to form a mental picture
5) solves
of something 10. 1) exploring 2) acquitting
Ant i c i pat e = to expect something; to see what is 3) reciprocating 4) matching
going to happen or what will need 5) solving
to be done and take action to St r i ve = to try very hard or for a long time to
prepare for it in advance. obtain or achieve something; to fight
I nt ri gui ng = in terestin g especially b ecau se hard against somebody/ something
unusual; fascinating or mysterious R em unerat i ve = for which one is well paid

Abso lv e = to declare that somebody is free of 9. 1) resolve 2) order

guilt blame etc 3) observe 4) diagnose
P ar i t y = the state of being equal especially 5) recommend
as regards status or pay
10. 1) casual 2) good
D i spar i t y = a difference
E x pl o r e = to examine something thoroughly in
3) surgeon 4) handsome
order to test it or find out about it 5) insincere
Ac qui t = to declare somebody to be not guilty 11. 1) with 2) for
of a crime etc; to free or clear 3) at 4) upon
somebody of blame responsibility 5) in
etc 12. 1) dose 2) drug
R ec i pr oc at e = to give and receive something in 3) intake 4) nourishment
return; to make a mutual exchange
5) punishment
of something
13. 1) oppose 2) protest
Passage 39 3) subject 4) care
5) object
Though I had hired cabins in Bandra and a house 14. 1) oppose 2) take
in Andheri, divinity would not let me settle down. (1) 3) prescribe 4) describe
had I moved into my new house when my brother 5) propose
Balmukund, who had already been through an (2) 15. 1) hard 2) unkind
K
attack of jaundice some years back, had a (3) attack 3) easy 4) wise
of typhoid, ( 4) with pne umonia and signs of 5) careful
restlessness at night. The doctor was (5) in. He said Divinit y = the quality of being God or a god.
medicine would have (6) effect, but eggs and chicken Co nf er wi t h = to have discussions especially in
both might be given. Balmukund was only five years order to exchange opinions or get
old. To confer with his wishes was out of the question. advice
Being his (7) I had to (8). The doctor was very good. I Nou r i sh m en t = food that keeps som eb ody/
something alive and well.
told him that we were all vegetarians and that I could
P resc ri be = to advise or order the use of a
not possibly give either of the two things to my brother. medicine or medical treatment.
Would he therefore (9) something else? ‘Your brother’s Bur ly = big and strong; heavily built.
life is in danger,’ said the (10) doctor. ‘We could give
him milk diluted (11) water, but that will not give him Passage 40
KUNDAN
enough (12). As you know, I am called in by many
In our system, a vast gap (1) the life children lead
vegetarian families, and they do not (13) to anything I
at school and what they experience outside. The space
(14). I think you will be well advised not to be so (15)
where they are (2) to learn about life is so far removed
on your brother.’
from (3) that we might as well ask (4) to buy space-
1. 1) Then 2) Hardly
suits for their little ones, instead of school uniforms.
3) Wherever 4) Quicker
(5) they read, listen to and copy from the blackboard
5) Why
is so meticulously deodorised and (6) that it carries
2. 1) heart 2) big
no resonance of experienced reality and (7) in life.
3) acute 4) hard
The school day becomes a (8) of didactic songs and
5) harsh
memorised information. Special (9) are marked by
3. 1) unforgiving 2) hard
elaborate acts of sycophancy and preaching. School
3) burly 4) severe
authorities (10) stop talking about values, but ignore
5) tough
the cynicism felt by the young over the high levels of
4. 1) couple 2) felt
chicanery and verbosity they find in adult talk.
3) combined 4) joint
1. 1) occurs 2) separates
5) adjoining
3) bridges 4) escapes
5. 1) brought 2) called
5) finds
3) invited 4) sent
2. 1) about 2) worried
5) commissioned
3) compelled 4) supposed
6. 1) negligent 2) soothed
5) deprived
3) rough 4) little
3. 1) reality 2) school
5) deep
3) fantasy 4) imagination
7. 1) doctor 2) attendant
5) existence
3) nurse 4) forefather
4. 1) teachers 2) principals
5) guardian
3) schools 4) coaching classes
8. 1) plead 2) hide
5) parents
3) pressurise 4) decide
5) proceed

Cloze Test 433
5. 1) When 2) How and economic settlements. Even though the numbers

3) What 4) Whether involved in violent deaths are (7) by the larger numbers
5) Whenever that (8) from (9) of healthcare, the crude and brutal
6. 1) sanctified 2) written nature of this form of gender inequality makes it a
3) emphasised 4) memorised particularly severe (10) of the deprivation of women.
5) imbibed 1. 1) expectations 2) counting
7. 1) demand 2) culture 3) incidence 4) acceptance
3) miseries 4) joy 5) responses
5) applicability 2. 1) frequency 2) occurrence
8. 1) programme 2) ritual 3) event 4) chance
3) consult 4) tradition 5) blocking
5) store 3. 1) relatively 2) clearly
9. 1) persons 2) leaders 3) surely 4) undoubtedly
3) locations 4) occasions 5) astonishingly
5) indications 4. 1) accomplished 2) acknowledged
10. 1) always 2) deliberately 3) cleared 4) understand
3) seldom 4) relentlessly 5) assured
5) invariably 5. 1) anxiety 2) terrible
Spac esu i t = a sealed suit covering the whole 3) surprise 4) power
body and supplied with air, allowing 5) form
K
somebody to survive and move 6. 1) national 2) visible
about in space.
3) social 4) category
San c t i f y = the state of being holy or sacred; to
make somebody/ something holy; to
5) personal
justify something 7. 1) fewer 2) outshine
R eson an c e = the power to bring, images, feelings, 3) lean 4) dwarfed
memories etc into the mind of the 5) horrible
reader, listener etc. 8. 1) perish 2) develop
D eo do r i se = to hide or remove unpleasant smells 3) spoil 4) incline
from something 5) direct
Di dac t i c = design ed for the pu rpose of
9. 1) omission 2) attention
teaching something
Syc o ph an c y = the action of gaining people’s favour
3) care 4) effort
KUNDAN
b y in sin cere praise or always 5) neglect
agreeing with them 10. 1) remark 2) indication
Cynic = a person who questions whether 3) happening 4) manifestation
somethin g will really happen, 5) rise
whether something is important etc Br u t al = cruel; savage; without mercy
Ch i c an er y = the use of clever but misleading talk Incidence = the extent to which something
in order to trick somebody; false happens or has an effect.
argument R e m ar k abl e = unusual or exceptional; worth
V er bo si t y = noun of the word ‘verbose’ noticing
V er bo se = using or containing more words than Bat t er = to hit somebody/ something hard
are needed and repeatedly.
I m bi be = to adsorb something Ast oni shi ngly = very surprisingly
Mi sery = great suffering or discomfort of mind T er ri bl e = v ery un pleasant and serious;
or body. causing one to feel very unhappy or
R elen t less = never ending; constant upset
I n v ari abl y = always D wa r f = to make somebody/ something seem
small by contrast or distance.
Passage 41 P e r i sh = to be destroyed; to die
M an i f est at i o n = an event, an action, an object or a
One of the most brutal features of gender inequality statement that shows something
takes the form of physical violence against women. clearly eg illustrating and resulting
The (1) of such violence is remarkably high, not only from an abstract idea.
in poorer and less developed economies but also in Ac c o m pli sh = to succeed in doing something; to
wealthy and modern societies. Indeed the (2) of complete something successfully.
battering wome n e ven in the richest and most Ac c o m pl i shed = skilled; well trained or educated
developed economies is (3) high. Turning to India, it in social skills such as conversation,
art, music etc.
must be (4) first that the frequency of assaults on
women is high in the country. To that (5) general
recognition has to be added the special role of violence
connected with particular (6) features, such as dowry

Passage 42 13. 1) louder 2) fewer

3) magnificent 4) most
With the US military tied down on two fronts and 5) bigger
the rest of the world growing (1) to American power, 14. 1) instability 2) fuel
the challenges for Rice are as (2) as they have been 3) energy 4) peace
for any Secretary of State in the past three decades. 5) atrocity
After six years of tussling with others on Bush’s 15. 1) defusing 2) demolishing
national-security team, Rice has seen off her rivals 3) terminating 4) igniting
and (3) as the principal spokesperson for Bush’s 5) extinguishing
foreign (4). Her reward has been to (5) responsibility T i e do wn = to restrict somebody/ oneself to
for selling a failed policy in Iraq and (6) a legacy for certain con dition s or a fixed
Bush at a time when (7) in the world are in the mood occupation or place.
to help her. “Bush is severely (8) and has very little T u ssl e = to struggle or fight to get something
(9) or support at home or abroad,” says Leslie Gelb, See off = to force somebody to leave a place
Gri m = very bad; of very low quality
former president of the Council on Foreign Relations.
E m an at e = to come or flow from something/
“That is (10) true for his Secretary of State. So they somebody or from a place.
are (11) flailing around.” I gnit e = to start to burn or make something
That’s a grim assessment, since the (12) to start to burn
international order are (13) today than at any other Su bser vi ent = giving too much respect, obedience
K
time since the end of the cold war. The most immediate etc
source of (14) emanates from where the country civil T r i v i al = of little importance; concerned with
war risks (15) a region-wide conflict. unimportant thing
Dau nt = to discourage or frighten somebody
1. 1) resistant 2) subservient
E n t r u st = to give responsibility for somebody/
3) immune 4) cordial something to somebody
5) indifference Shi rk = to avoid doing work, one’s duty etc
2. 1) obvious 2) trivial because one is lazy, cowardly, not
3) superfluous 4) daunting interested etc.
5) rewarding I nheri t = to have features or qualities similar
3. 1) renamed 2) emerged to those of an ancestor.
3) appointed 4) entrusted V i su al i ze = to form a men tal pictu re of
somebody/ something
5) visited
KUNDAN
S al v ag e = to save something from harm,
4. 1) aid 2) recognition disaster, difficult circumstances etc.
3) policy 4) acceptability Au t o c r at = a person who expects to be obeyed
5) minister at all times and pays no attention to
5. 1) shirk 2) avoid the opinions, feelings etc of others
3) transfer 4) visualize I n advert ent = n ot don e deliberately or
5) inherit intentionally
6. 1) focusing 2) framing P l easan t r y = a friendly casual remark usually
made in order to appear polite
3) escaping 4) salvage
Ac c o l ade = an award of praise, approval or
5) demolishing honour
7. 1) people 2) few At roc i t y = a very wicked or cruel act.
3) diplomats 4) autocrats E x t i n gu i sh = to cause something to stop burning
5) most L eg ac y = money or property left to a person
8. 1) intensified 2) master-minded when somebody dies.
3) weakened 4) projected
5) supported Passage 43
9. 1) credibility 2) difficulty Delinking of jobs from degrees is one of the (1)
3) majority 4) power features of our education (2). There has been a (3)
5) enthusiasm fall in (4) in the academic field in recent years. There
10. 1) not 2) uniformly is a (5) of degree holders in the country. As a result,
3) remotely 4) partially university degrees have (6) their value and charm while
5) also the number of students in colleges and universities
11. 1) effectively 2) inadvertently of the country has been (7) rising. Consequently,
3) basically 4) aimlessly thousands of graduates and postgraduates come out
5) not of these institutions and stand in queues waiting to
12. 1) admirations 2) threats get some (8) jobs (9) in the country. Moreover, these
3) pleasantries 4) demands degree holders do not have any technical or vocational
5) accolades knowledge needed for a particular job. As a result,

Cloze Test 435
the number of educated unemployed has been rising find programmes that (9) the benefits of remitted cash
(10). It has created a very serious problem. while (10) some of its downside.
1. 1) minor 2) trivial 1. 1) accelerated 2) grew
3) unachievable 4) irrelevant 3) expand 4) increase
5) salient 5) escalating
2. 1) process 2) policy 2. 1) strike 2) encouraged
3) development 4) guideline 3) astonished 4) convinced
5) procedures 5) disturb
3. 1) expected 2) sheer 3. 1) rise 2) represent
3) rough 4) steep 3) project 4) exceed
5) gentle 5) recover
4. 1) assessment 2) evaluation 4. 1) record 2) tracks
3) competence 4) fees 3) estimate 4) report
5) value 5) surveys
5. 1) flood 2) class 5. 1) Detrimental 2) Minor
3) party 4) mob 3) Profuse 4) Benefited
5) rabble 5) Vital
6. 1) mislaid 2) lost 6. 1) circumstance 2) profit
3) increase 4) found 3) impact 4) status
5) establish 5) quality
K
7. 1) slowly 2) hastily 7. 1) declaring 2) established
3) deeply 4) gradually 3) measuring 4) reforming
5) steadily 5) govern
8. 1) prestigious 2) trivial 8. 1) mask 2) hid
3) menial 4) academic 3) review 4) display
5) managerial 5) supported
9. 1) occurring 2) posted 9. 1) launch 2) predict
3) created 4) available 3) optimum 4) appreciate
5) advertised 5) maximize
10. 1) exponentially 2) awfully 10. 1) augmenting 2) avoiding
3) terribly 4) fast 3) suspend 4) protects
KUNDAN
5) incalculably 5) detracting
Sali en t = most noticeable or important; main Ast o n i sh = to surprise somebody greatly
Consequent ly = as a result; therefore R em i t t anc e = a sum of money sent in payment for
V o c at i o n al = of or relating to the qualifications something; the sending of money in
and preparation needed for a payment for something
particular job Allev i at e = to make something less severe; to
Sh e er = complete; nothing more than ease something
R abbl e = a large disorderly group of people; a P li gh t = a serious and difficult situation or
mob. condition
Men i al = not requiring much skill and often Put off = put something to a later time or date;
boring to delay something
Awf u l = extremely b ad or u npleasant; M ask = to hide or disguise something
terrible Rem it = to send money etc to a person or
place especially by post.
Passage 44 E sc al at e = to increase or develop by successive
stages
Mass migration has produced a huge worldwide Det ri m ent al = harmful
economy of its own which has (1) so fast during the P r o f u se = in large amounts; abundant
past few years that the figures have (2) experts. Last Opt i m um = best or most favourable
year remittances sent home by migrants were expected Augm ent = to make something larger in number
to (3) $232 billion according to the World Bank which or size; to increase something
(4) these figures. (5) though the flow of remittances D et r ac t = to make something seem less good
or of lower value
is to alleviate the plight of the migrant’s family it
cannot on its own lift entire nations out of poverty. Passage 45
Those who study the (6) of remittances argue that
the money allows poor countries to put off basic Some places are so beautiful that they (1) the viewer
decisions of economic management like (7) their tax for all eternity. So it was for Emperor Muhammad
collection systems and building schools. Remittances Zahiruddin Babur, the 16th-century monarch who (2)
to poor countries can also (8) the fact that they do away his time in the pleasure gardens of Kabul before
not produce much at home. The challenge is now to heading south to India in 1525 to (3) the Mughal

Empire. Though Babur built a dynasty that was to last F r ag r an t = having a pleasant or sweet smell
for 300 years, he never (4) his beloved Kabul, and (5) D wel l = to live in or at a place
vast riche s to re cre ate the garde ns (6) the
subcontinent. Those Mughal gardens, as they are now
Passage 46
(7), grace ancient capitals from Delhi to Srinagar with At just (1) midnight on July 1, 1997 in a glittering
their (8) vistas and strict architectural symmetry. But, and poignant ceremony, Hong Kong passed from being
Babur never really (9) at home in India and asked a jewel of the British empire to a (2) of a new global
that (10) his death his body be returned to Kabul and power. Hong Kong people (3) their city’s handover from
laid to rest in his favourite garden. the UK to China with (4) feelings: apprehension over
1. 1) attracted 2) haunt the future, joy at a fresh start, sadness at seeing the
3) fascinated 4) accommodate British go, pride over returning to their motherland.
5) implore On the eve of the handover, the stock market index, a
2. 1) cast 2) fed key barometer of Hong Kong’s wealth, (5) at a record
3) gave 4) whiled 15,200 points and today it (6) near the 21,000 mark.
5) deported Being a part of a booming China almost guarantees
3. 1) establish 2) travelled that Hong Kong will remain (7). But mainland China
3) crown 4) situate is a (8) as well as a partner. China’s new ports, for
5) find example, will siphon trade (9) from Hong Kong and its
4. 1) reached 2) visited lower labour costs will impact the jobs. However, there
K
3) saw 4) remembered is little doubt that Hong Kong is fortunate to have
5) forgot become a part of China at a time when mainland China
5. 1) accumulates 2) confiscated can provide (10) opportunity.
3) exhausted 4) demanded 1. 1) recorded 2) near
5) looted 3) close 4) past
6. 1) into 2) over 5) quite
3) overlooking 4) throughout 2. 1) component 2) premises
5) encroaching 3) captive 4) merger
7. 1) destroyed 2) dilapidated 5) list
3) rebuilt 4) inhabited 3. 1) encounter 2) decided
5) known 3) viewed 4) restrained
8. 1) elegant 2) notorious 5) told
KUNDAN
3) obnoxious 4) fragrant 4. 1) flexible 2) emotional
5) infrequent 3) mixed 4) changed
9. 1) went 2) dwelt 5) negative
3) felt 4) rested 5. 1) plunged 2) rose
5) enjoyed 3) valued 4) climbed
10. 1) before 2) upon 5) stood
3) till 4) in 6. 1) follows 2) pauses
5) at 3) fell 4) hovers
Hau n t = to return repeatedly to somebody’s 5) measure
mind; to be impossible for somebody 7. 1) marginalised 2) prosperous
to forget
3) orderly 4) friendly
Et ernit y = time without end; endless life after
death
5) poor
Wh i l e away = to pass a period of time in a relaxed 8. 1) competitor 2) representative
way 3) adversary 4) colleague
Gr ac e = a quality of simple elegant beauty 5) member
and smoothly controlled movement. 9. 1) against 2) away
E l egan t = graceful and attractiv e in 3) illegally 4) moving
appearance or manner 5) through
V i st as = a beautiful view eg of natural
10. 1) full 2) risky
scenery, a city etc.
At hom e = in one’s own country
3) lucky 4) unfair
I m pl or e = to ask or beg for something in a 5) immense
serious way Gli t t eri ng = m agn ificent, splendid or
Co n f i sc at e = to take somebody’s property away extremely successful
from them by the use of one’s P oi gn an t = affecting one’s feelings deeply;
authority usually as a punishment making one sad or full of pity
D i l api dat ed = falling to pieces; in a bad state of Appr eh en si o n = anxiety about something in the
repair future, fear that something will
Obnox i o us = very unpleasant; offensive b e u n pleasan t or that

Cloze Test 437
something unpleasan t will 8. 1) paid 2) offered

happen. 3) deserved 4) distracted
On t he eve of = the day or evening before an 5) received
event, especially a religious
9. 1) enhancement 2) prevention
festival or holiday.
Hov er = to remain near something or in
3) attachment 4) refurbishment
an uncertain state. 5) expedition
Si ph o n away = to transfer something from one 10. 1) anticipate 2) provoke
place to another often unfairly 3) discourage 4) envisage
or illegally 5) create
Capt i v e = having little or no freedom to I nsolvent = unable to pay debt; bankrupt
go elsewhere or to make H az ar d = a thing that can be dangerous or
choices cause damage; a danger or risk
A dv er sar y = an opponent in a contest, an S af e g u ar d = a thing that serves as a protection
argument or a battle. from harm, risk or danger
P ar am o u n t = more important than anything else;
Passage 47 supreme
Predom inant ly = mainly; for the most part
India’s approach towards treatment of (1) banks is Event ual = happening at last as a result
yet another interesting issue. Rather than closing D i sso lv e = to cau se an organ ization or
them down, policymakers in India have shown a arrangement to end officially
preference to (2) such banks with healthy public sector R elegat e = to give somebody/ something less
K
banks. It has been (3) in certain circles that such an important rank, task or state
approach may give rise to a moral hazard problem. An c h o r = a person or thing that gives security
However, two issues need (4) in this context. First, and confidence
E x t r adi t e = to send back somebody accused or
comme rcial banks are the most dominant and
found guilty of a crime to the country
systemically important segment of the financial where the crime was committed.
syste m. Second, ove r 70 pe r ce nt of the bank I m bi be = to absorb somethin g; to drink
depositors in India are small depositors. Therefore, something especially alcohol
systemic concerns coupled with the necessity to (5) Conni ve = to work together with somebody in
the interest of small depositors have been (6) in the order to do something wrong or
minds of policy makers while (7) with insolvent banks. illegal
This issue had not (8) much attention in the context Cope = to deal successfully with something
difficult; to manage
KUNDAN
of a predominantly government-owned banking system.
Co nv er se = to talk to somebody especially in
As the weight of private banks increases further informal way.
thinking will need to be done on this subject, both in D i st r ac t ed = unable to concentrate because of
terms of (9) of insolvency through advance regulatory being worried or thinking about
supervision and action, and post-insolvency measures something else
that (10) moral hazard and eventual fiscal cost. R ef ur bi sh = to restore and decorate a building
1. 1) insolvent 2) foreign etc; to develop an d im prov e
3) cooperative 4) small something
Ex pedi t i on = an organized journey or voyage with
5) private
a particular aim
2. 1) dissolve 2) relegate E n v i sage = to imagine something as a future
3) anchor 4) merge possibility; to form a mental picture
5) connect of something
3. 1) resolved 2) felt
3) promised 4) identified Passage 48
5) done
Although he is no longer alive, (1) his influence
4. 1) resolutions 2) decisions
can be felt in the studio (2) he created cartoons and
3) approaches 4) priority
feature films which made him known and (3) around
5) consideration
the world. (4) many people who work to create humour
5. 1) enhance 2) increase
he took it very seriously. He would sit sadly (5) the
3) safeguard 4) rationalize
funniest cartoon concentrating or some way to improve
5) evolve
it. Walt Disney (6) the opinions of those working with
6. 1) paramount 2) superficial
him but the (7) judge me nt was always his. He
3) extradited 4) vested
demanded a lot (8) people but he gave a lot too. When
5) imbibing
the economy was not doing well he gave every one a
7. 1) conniving 2) coping
(9) and though some (10) of this, it gave his employees'
3) absorbing 4) dealing
morale a boost.
5) conversing

1. 1) yet 2) even 1. 1) knowledge 2) security

3) and 4) till 3) presence 4) confidentiality
5) besides 5) guarantee
2. 1) from 2) where 2. 1) negotiate 2) advance
3) which 4) while 3) credit 4) disburse
5) that 5) sanction
3. 1) respect 2) seen 3. 1) pursue 2) interact
3) loved 4) entertained 3) operate 4) enable
5) laughed 5) engage
4. 1) For 2) To 4. 1) drawback 2) hurdle
3) Without 4) Not 3) consequence 4) luxury
5) Like 5) innovation
5. 1) on 2) until 5. 1) Despite 2) Although
3) front 4) through 3) Even 4) Yet
5) in 5) Until
6. 1) saw 2) concluded 6. 1) view 2) realise
3) discussed 4) discouraged 3) display 4) engineer
5) valued 5) assess
7. 1) final 2) ultimately 7. 1) essential 2) obsolete
K
3) important 4) hasty 3) extant 4) retreat
5) lasting 5) expired
8. 1) by 2) from 8. 1) moderately 2) occasionally
3) with 4) to 3) compulsorily 4) indiscriminately
5) many 5) effectively
9. 1) advance 2) share 9. 1) phenomenal 2) gradual
3) fee 4) raise 3) proportionate 4) competitive
5) profit 5) projected
10. 1) credit 2) disapproved 10. 1) discount 2) base
3) criticized 4) offended 3) expansion 4) satisfaction
5) paid 5) relationship
R ai se = an increase in amount, number or Bedr o c k = basic facts or principles
KUNDAN
intensity V i r t u al = almost or nearly the thing described,
M o r al e = the amou n t of con fidence, but not completely
enthusiasm, determination etc that Obsolet e = no longer used; out of date
a person or group has at a particular Ph en om en al = very remarkable; extraordinary
time. D i sbu r se = to pay out money especially from a
fund collected for a purpose
Passage 49 E x t an t = still in existence
R et r eat = to move back or withdraw when
Traditional bank architecture is based on bank faced with danger or difficulty
branches. These branches ensure the physical (1) of
a customer’s savings. A customer may go there to Passage 50
deposit and withdraw money, (2) loans and (3) in other
Our company has set up a foundation which is (1)
financial transactions. In the past two decades
to spreading literacy. To (2) this cause the foundation
banking architecture has changed– the Automated
has a project called ‘A Library for Every School’ through
Teller Machine (ATM) has been a big (4) and credit
(3) the foundation donates books mainly to government
and debit cards have created new financial spaces.
school libraries so that children have easy (4) to books
(5) the bank branch has remained the bedrock of the
on a variety of subjects. In my (5) as Chairperson of
banking system–after all a person needs a bank
the Foundation I travel (6) in rural areas. All this
account in a branch before he can operate a debit or
travelling has (7) me to understand what children want
ATM card. This may be about to change as technocrats
to read in different parts of the country. (8) my travels
now (6) cell phones as the new architecture of virtual
I frequently stay in the houses of people I meet as (9)
banks. This has the potential to make branches (7).
there are no hotels in small towns and villages that I
Cell phone banking looks especially relevant for India
visit. In India a guest is always treated well; an old
since it can penetrate the countryside cheaply and
Sanskrit saying is Atithi Devo Bhava (10) that God
(8). The world over cell phones are spreading at a (9)
comes in the form of a guest.
rate and in India alone new cell phone connections
1. 1) dedicated 2) responsible
are growing at the rate of six million a month–a rate
3) trying 4) catered
of customer (10) that no bank can dream of.
5) involved

Cloze Test 439
2. 1) awaken 2) further Scientists from India’s space and atomic energy

3) aim 4) contribute departments and in some other places where serious
5) perform science is done can take (a/an) (9) out of the school’s
3. 1) those 2) which book and (10) the way in engaging with school pupils
3) whom 4) where and getting them to do real science.
5) these 1. 1) done 2) unlikely
4. 1) opportunity 2) admission 3) potential 4) promising
3) purchase 4) access 5) possible
5) contact 2. 1) questioned 2) said
5. 1) feeling 2) decision 3) retorted 4) answered
3) role 4) knowledge 5) address
5) order 3. 1) question 2) finding
6. 1) extensively 2) somehow 3) methodology 4) result
3) extremely 4) hastily 5) studies
5) sometime 4. 1) wage 2) create
7. 1) ensured 2) provided 3) execute 4) carry
3) enabled 4) deprived 5) attempt
5) made 5. 1) option 2) lives
8. 1) During 2) Since 3) visual 4) demands
3) From 4) Through 5) perception
K
5) Besides 6. 1) revolutionary 2) radical
9. 1) while 2) usual 3) rote 4) adequate
3) neither 4) often 5) bore
5) either 7. 1) stimulate 2) simulate
10. 1) threatens 2) meaning 3) make 4) peek
3) fearing 4) imply 5) judge
5) naturally 8. 1) cause 2) root
Cat e r = to provide what is needed or desired 3) reasons 4) issues
by somebody/ something 5) sources
9. 1) thread 2) leaf
Passage 51 3) example 4) look
KUNDAN
Can an experiment conceived, carried out, and 5) pages
reported in kids-speak with pencil-coloured figures 10. 1) lead 2) start
and hand-written tables by school children aged 8 to 3) deliver 4) paved
10 years get published in a highly rated international 5) ahead
journal following a peer-reviewing process? Twenty- Peer = to look closely or carefully at
seven schoolchildren from a primary school in UK have something especially when unable
to see it well
proved this is (1) — if a simple but novel scientific
Bum ble-bee = a large hairy bee that makes a loud
question raised is (2) in a scientific way. Their paper noise as it flies
was published in the Royal Society’s Biology Letters F o r ag e = to search or hunt for something
journal. Their (3) was that bumble-bees can use a especially food and supplies
“combination of colour and spatial relationships in S p at i al = related to space as a physical
deciding which colour of flower to forage from.” dimension
Considering that our understanding of how bees Carry o ut = to do something as required or
perceive coloured patterns and scenes is inadequate, specified; to fulfil something
R ot e learni ng = learing something in order to be
this inspiring outcome has shown that schoolchildren
able to repeat it from memory, rather
guided by gifted teachers can think and (4) out than in order to understand it.
experiments like any hard-wired scientist. For these R et ort = to make a quick, especially angry,
kids, doing science changed their (5) of the subject. reply to an accusation or a challenge
Science also became “cool and fun.” This refreshing St i m u l at e = to pretend to have or feel an emotion;
approach turns the spotlight on the best methods of to create certain conditions by
teaching science. The (6) learning system adopted means of model etc; to take the
by most schools in India, even classroom study appearan ce of som ething/
somebody
combined with some laboratory work with pre-defined
outcomes, does very little to (7) curiosity and interest Passage 52
in science. Is that one of the (8) why out-of-the-box
thinking that produces path-breaking science rarely Does Indian industry need democracy? The Indian
comes out of Indian laboratories? The children at the economy’s sustained growth today is (1) by incomplete
UK school had their gifted teacher to guide them. democracy. While millions of Indians endure poverty,

only a tiny majority (2) prosperity. On the other hand, E g al i t ar i an = showing or holding a belief in equal
many Latin American countries have registered (3) rights, benefits and opportunities
growth rates under military dictators and today one of for everybody
Or t h o do x = following strictly the older, more
the fastest growing economies in the world — China
traditional practices.
— has an (4) rather than a democratic government. I m ply = to suggest something indirectly
So why does India need democracy for sustained rather than stating it directly
growth? To many, democracy (5) slower decision- Gr ac i o u s = kind, polite and generous especially
making with corrupt politicians and red-tapeism etc. to someb ody of a lower social
Industry should therefore be (6) with less, not more, position
democracy. However, while China (7) consumption in I ndu lge = to become involved in an activity
order to save and invest more than half its output to especially one that is illegal or
disapproved of.
produce 10% growth, India (8) almost two-thirds of
D i sper se = to go in different directions or make
its output and manages to achieve 9% growth from somebody/ something do this
one-third of its output. (9) India’s democracy is not
inefficient when it comes to making (10) use of Passage 53
resources.
1. 1) deprived 2) hampered A factor that air passengers give little thought to
3) eliminated 4) faced but which is a serious threat to air safety is (1)
5) threaten maintenance. In the current global airline boom
K
2. 1) pursuit 2) acquisition competition is (2). Which compels airlines to (3) costs
3) benefit 4) enjoy and ( 4) output. In India with a se at capacity
5) value considerably (5) of the demand all airlines practise
3. 1) acceptable 2) insignificant severe cost-cutting to (6). Faced with having to cut
3) variable 4) inflated costs to the bone and maximise aircraft utilisation, a
5) affordable surprising number of airlines may cut (7) on aircraft
4. 1) autonomous 2) economical maintenance, even at the (8) of compromising safety.
3) authoritarian 4) egalitarian While commercial aircraft are (9) to take much
5) orthodox punishment, for example, in the event of pilots flying
5. 1) imply 2) mentions into thunderstorms there is a limit to the punishment
3) attracts 4) features that e ve n the toughest aircraft can take whe n
5) means profitability takes (10) over safety.
KUNDAN
6. 1) gracious 2) adapted 1. 1) expedient 2) incessant
3) fascinated 4) pleased 3) routine 4) laborious
5) urged 5) poor
7. 1) bans 2) curtails 2. 1) optimise 2) intense
3) regulate 4) ceases 3) destined 4) guarantee
5) discourage 5) profitable
8. 1) consumes 2) selects 3. 1) falsify 2) lavish
3) indulges 4) disperse 3) minimise 4) incline
5) hoard 5) ration
9. 1) Accordingly 2) Totally 4. 1) depress 2) productive
3) Thus 4) Even 3) curb 4) available
5) Likely 5) maximise
10. 1) ultimately 2) capably 5. 1) ahead 2) less
3) modest 4) secure 3) more 4) saturated
5) effective 5) above
H am pe r = to preven t som eb ody’s free 6. 1) invest 2) survive
movement or activity; to restrict or 3) live 4) appraise
hinder somebody/ something 5) reinforce
E ndur e = to suffer patiently something that 7. 1) out 2) taxes
is painful or uncomfortable 3) across 4) corners
Au t h o r i t ar i an = favouring complete obedience to 5) short
authority especially that of the state
8. 1) claim 2) formality
at the expense of personal freedom
Ac qui si t i on = the action or process of acquiring 3) reminder 4) strain
something 5) risk
I nf l at e = to make something more important, 9. 1) designed 2) unable
impressive etc than it really is; to 3) rotated 4) originally
exaggerate something 5) standard

Cloze Test 441
10. 1) encouragement 2) influence 2. 1) full 2) voluminous

3) precedence 4) cover 3) substantial 4) limited
5) guard 5) rapid
To cut t o t he = to reduce something greatly 3. 1) readily 2) tangible
bone 3) routinely 4) securely
T o c ut c orners = to do something in the easiest, 5) unique
quickest or cheapest way, often by
4. 1) process 2) waves
ignoring rules or omitting something
Prec edenc e = the right or requirement to come
3) deliveries 4) connection
before somebody/ something else in 5) channels
time, order etc; priority 5. 1) valuable 2) answerable
Ex pedi ent = useful or convenient for a particular 3) amenable 4) exposed
purpose, though not necessarily fair 5) responsible
or moral 6. 1) waning 2) stable
I n c essan t = not stopping; continual 3) proportionate 4) marginal
L av i sh = giv in g or doing som ethin g
5) high
generously or excessively; great in
extent, rich in quality and usually
7. 1) archive 2) domain
costing a lot of money 3) purpose 4) component
R at i o n = to limit the amount of something that 5) aspect
somebody is allowed to have 8. 1) law-abiding 2) tried
3) reassuring 4) cost-effective
K
Cu r b = to prevent something from getting
out of control; to restrain something 5) stop-gap
A ppr ai se = to assess the value, quality or nature 9. 1) inclined 2) immune
of somebody/ something
3) vulnerable 4) surrendered
R ei nforc e = to strengthen or em phasize a
feeling, an idea, a habit etc
5) pressured
10. 1) person 2) own
Passage 54 3) relatives 4) purses
5) self
Mobile banking (M banking) involves the use of a R eadi l y = without hesitating; willingly
mobile phone or any other mobile device to (1) Am enabl e = that can be treated in a particular
financial transactions linked to a client’s account. M way
banking is new in most countries and most mobile D o m ai n = a field of knowledge or activity
Single out = to choose somebody/ something
KUNDAN
payment models even in developed countries to date
operate on a (2) scale. A mobile network offers a (3) from a group for special attention
V ul n er abl e = that can be hurt, harmed or attacked
available te chnology platform onto which other
easily especially because of being
services can be provided at low cost with effective small or weak.
results. For example, M banking services which use I m pli c at i on = a thing that is not openly stated; a
(4) such as SMS can be carried at a cost of less than thing that is suggested or implied.
one US cent per message. The low cost of using D i sbu r se = to pay out money especially from a
existing infrastructure makes such services more (5) fund collected for a purpose
to use by customers with lower purchasing power and Lure = a thing that attracts or is used to
opens up access to services which did not reach them attract people or animal
T an gi bl e = clear and definite; real; that can be
earlier due to (6) cost of service delivery. Although M
perceived by touch
banking is one aspect in the wider (7) of e-banking Wan i n g = becoming gradually smaller, weaker,
there are reasons to single it out for focus—especially less powerful or less important
because there are a lot more people with mobile L aw- abi di n g = obeying the law
phones than bank accounts in India. Im m une = n ot affected or influ en ced b y
M banking could provide a (8) solution to bring more something
“unbanked” people to the financial mainstream.
Without traditional credit, individuals are (9) to Passage 55
exploitation by abusive lenders offering very high In July 2008, one of the most inspiring leaders of
interest rates on short term loans. Also of considerable our times, will (1) his ninetieth birthday. Nelson
importance are public safety implications for the Mandela retired from politics in 1999, but he has
unbanked—they are often victims of crime because remained (2), continuing his work through the Nelson
many operate on a cash-only basis and end up carrying Mandela Foundation. The foundation has launched
significant amounts of cash on their (10) or store cash an Aids awareness campaign, 46664, named (3)
in their homes. Mandela’s prison number. He has also set up a
1. 1) disburse 2) undertake scholarship programme whose (4) was to promote
3) subscribe 4) lure leadership among young Africans.
5) amass

During the 1990s, (5) I worked with Mr Mandela on efficiency by Japan. Mass production and production
his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom , I (6) his for the masses became the bases of new business
leadership firsthand. During his election campaign strategies. Large-scale consumption by all with the
we were on board a plane discussing his book. Twenty social benefit of (3) poverty, became the dominant
minutes (7) to landing the engine failed. Many began economic strategy. The advent of electricity and its
to panic. The only thing that (8) them was looking at large -scale application to lighting, heating and
Mandela, who was reading his paper as if he was a operating machine s added a fresh dimension to
passenger on a morning train to work. The plane manufacturing. By the 1950s came (4) in electronics
landed safely and when we got into the car taking us and transistor devices to be followed by innovations
to the hotel he (9) to me, “I was terrified on the plane in microelectronics, computers and various forms of
!” As a leader he realised he was a model for others sensors all of which (5) altered the manufacturing
and this gave him the strength to (10) over his own sce ne . It is now no longe r ne ce ssary to make
fear. prototypes in a factory or a laboratory to study a new
1. 1) tribute 2) remember product. Many new products can be (6) on computers
3) honour 4) celebrate and their behaviour simulated on them. By choosing
5) rejoice an optimum de sign through such simulations,
2. 1) resigned 2) active compute r programme s can dire ctly (7) the
3) influenced 4) participant manufacturing proce sse s. The se proce sse s are
5) reserved generally called Computer Aided Design (CAD) and
K
3. 1) by 2) with Computer Assisted Manufacturing (CAM). The se
3) after 4) as capabilities are leading to newer forms of (8) by
5) thereafter customers. Each customer can be offered several
4. 1) wish 2) pursuit special options. Customised product design or (9)
3) result 4) plot manufacturing are other popular techniques currently
5) aim in (10) in many developed countries.
5. 1) when 2) that 1. 1) havoc 2) transformation
3) period 4) later 3) destruction 4) violence
5) alongside 5) deforestation
6. 1) felt 2) acquainted 2. 1) discarded 2) resorted
3) experienced 4) underwent 3) indulged 4) perfected
5) learned 5) designated
KUNDAN
7. 1) before 2) sooner 3. 1) removing 2) nurturing
3) close 4) prior 3) appeasing 4) cajoling
5) advance 5) mastering
8. 1) calmed 2) soothing 4. 1) additions 2) gadgets
3) composed 4) restraint 3) modifications 4) variety
5) discipline 5) inventions
9. 1) speaks 2) confided 5. 1) immediately 2) precisely
3) confidentially 4) entrusted 3) irreversibly 4) indefinitely
5) assured 5) measurably
10. 1) success 2) overcame 6. 1) designed 2) produced
3) dominate 4) victory 3) manufactured 4) sold
5) triumph 5) purchased
Nam e aft er = to give a name to somebody or 7. 1) inspire 2) cultivate 3) visualise
something 4) drive 5) curtail
On bo ar d = on or in a ship or an aircraft 8. 1) uses 2) demands
Con f i de = to tell a secret to somebody
3) advertisements 4) consumption
which trusting them not to tell
others
5) goods
T er r i f i ed = very frightened; filled with 9. 1) visible 2) secure
terror 3) fundamental 4) overt
T ri um ph over = to be successful; to gain a 5) flexible
victory 10. 1) view 2) wings
Rejoice = to feel or show great joy 3) vogue 4) isolation
Ac qu ai nt ed = familiar with something 5) order
Advent = the approach or arrival of an important
Passage 56 person, event etc
Mankind has seen rapid (1) in the last 150 years Prot o t ype = the first model or design of something
from which other forms are copied or
because of the mass manufacturing techniques (2) in
developed.
western nations and later taken to new levels of

Cloze Test 443
Si m u l at ed = artificial, but made to look, feel etc like accommodate all. Only then can we ensure the much-
the real thing needed supply-demand (10) in the education sector.
Vogue = a current fashion 1. 1) with 2) for
D i sc ar d = to throw something out or away; to stop
3) on 4) into
using, wearing, etc something that is no
longer useful
5) in
R eso r t = to make use of something especially bad 2. 1) around 2) near
or unpleasant as a means of achieving 3) into 4) about
something, often because no other course 5) reaching
of action is possible 3. 1) forming 2) translating
I ndu lge = to b ecom e in v olv ed in an activity 3) having 4) taking
especially one that is illegal or disapproved 5) framing
of
4. 1) affect 2) ideas
D esi gn at e = to mark or indicate something clearly; to
specify something
3) practice 4) concept
Nu rt ur e = to care for and encourage the growth of 5) procedure
somebody/ something 5. 1) benefit 2) merit
Appe ase = to reduce the intensity of somebody’s 3) chance 4) basis
feelings usually by satisfying their needs 5) method
or demands partly or in full 6. 1) unless 2) until
Cajo l e = to make somebody do something by 3) executed 4) provided
cleverly persuading, deceiving or flattering
5) exercised
K
them.
V i su al i se = to form a mental picture of somebody/
7. 1) other 2) any
something 3) two 4) differ
Cu r t ai l = to make something shorter or less; to 5) after
reduce something 8. 1) on 2) of
Overt = done or shown openly or publicly; not 3) often 4) taken
secret or hidden 5) off
9. 1) soft 2) more
Passage 57 3) less 4) only
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory 5) hard
Education (RTE) Act, 2009, which came (1) effect in 10. 1) need 2) equilibrium
April this year, is meant to transform the education 3) expectation 4) attempt
KUNDAN
sector and take India closer to the goal of universal 5) aspects
schooling. But with admissions to the new academic Just around t he c orner = very near
session just (2) the corner, it is fast becoming clear T r an sl at e i n t o = to express something or to be
expressed in a differen t
that (3) well-intentioned ideas into (4) will take some
especially a more practical form
doing. For a start, the guidelines for admissions under R an do m = don e, chosen etc withou t
the RTE prohibit schools from conducting any sort of method or conscious choice;
stude nt profiling. The stre ss on a random ye t haphazard
justifiable admission process means that schools will Qu i r k = a strange thing that happens
have to resort to something as quirky as a lottery especially accidently
system. However, leaving admission to a good school T he crunc h = an im portant and often
to pure (5) will only incentivise manipulations, unpleasant point, situation or
piece of information
defeating the very essence of RTE.
M o r t ar = a mixture of lime with cement
The main problem facing the education sector is sand and water, u sed in
that of a resource crunch. The provisions for ensuring building to hold bricks, stones
universal access to education are all very well, (6) we etc together.
have the infrastructure in place first. Brick-and-mortar Prec ede = to happen before something
schools need to precede open admission and not the T h e o t her way = in the opposite position or
(7) way around. In that sense, legislators’ assessment around direction
of ground realities is (8) target when they endorse E n do r se = to give one’s approv al or
support to a claim, statement,
the closure of tens of thousands of low-cost private
course of action etc
schools for not meeting the minimum standards of Spec i fi c at i on = a description of what is
land plot, building specifications and playground area required
as laid out in the RTE Act. Instead of bearing down (9) Bear do wn on = to m ov e qu ickly towards
on private schools for failing to conform to abstract som eb ody/ som ethin g in a
bureaucratic criteria, efforts to bring about universal determined or threatening way
education should focus on upgrading and expanding Co n f o r m = to comply; to agree or b e
the existing government school infrastructure to consistent with something
A bst r ac t = general; not based on any
particular person, situation etc.

Passage 58 Passage 59
(1) a country needs money for a development Re ce ntly the World Bank and the Asian
project, what can it do? It can (2) to the World Bank or Development Bank (ADB) (1) separate reports on
Asian Development Bank for aid. A country with a poverty. The World Bank report (2) its benchmark of
foreign currency problem can ask the International extreme poverty by 25 cents from $1 per person per
Monetary Fund for (3). However, (4) there is no way day to $1.25 per person a day. The ADB announced an
out for a country which has shortage of food. The even (3) benchmark of $ 1.35 per person a day. These
country cannot (5) import the food if it is rare like new benchmarks are (4) on surveys in the world’s
pulses which are grown only by a few countries. In poorest countries.
such cases the problem is more (6). Experts often like to (5) that poverty has declined
This situation has led experts to suggest the (7) of because of economic growth in India and China. This
establishing a World Agricultural Bank. The food is wrong and (6). In the past twenty-five years the
situation today is serious since production is not pove rty rate in India has (7) by less than one
keeping (8) with demand. The World Agricultural Bank percentage point a year. (8) we use a poverty line of
can therefore be established by member-countries who $1 per person per day or $1.25 per person per day
have to (9) both capital as well as surplus food to the makes little (9). The number of poor in India is large.
Bank. The stocks would form a corpus which would be The purpose of these statistics is not to dispute them
used to assist members in (10) of distress. but to (10) whether the benefits of economic growth
K
1. 1) Though 2) Supposed are being shared with the poor.
3) Unless 4) That 1. 1) declared 2) released
5) When 3) print 4) issue
2. 1) appeals 2) go 5) publish
3) approach 4) solicit 2. 1) heightened 2) announced
5) requests 3) raised 4) maintained
3. 1) backing 2) helping 5) notified
3) solution 4) assistants 3. 1) better 2) significant
5) relieve 3) plausible 4) higher
4. 1) simply 2) during 5) lower
3) fact 4) presently 4. 1) based 2) collected
5) while 3) inferred 4) derived
KUNDAN
5. 1) attempt 2) yet 5) gathered
3) even 4) try 5. 1) realise 2) claim
5) start 3) discover 4) recommend
6. 1) address 2) acute 5) criticize
3) declined 4) achievable 6. 1) adverse 2) opposing
5) prohibited 3) corrupt 4) rejected
7. 1) object 2) implementation 5) misleading
3) knowledge 4) advice 7. 1) deplete 2) plunge
5) idea 3) declined 4) weaken
8. 1) up 2) ahead 5) fell
3) paced 4) line 8. 1) Unless 2) Despite
5) tune 3) Instead 4) Whether
9. 1) demand 2) share 5) Regardless
3) benefit 4) contribute 9. 1) difference 2) effect
5) fund 3) contrast 4) question
10. 1) controls 2) combats 5) option
3) times 4) needs 10. 1) acknowledge 2) suggest
5) areas 3) care 4) inspire
Bac k i n g = help; support 5) study
Acut e = very great; severe P l au si bl e = seeming to be right or reasonable
Keep up = to continue without stopping that can be believed
Co r pu s = a collection of written and/ or Deplet e = to reduce greatly the quantity, size,
spoken texts power or value of something
D i st r ess = the state of being in danger or Plunge = to jump or fall into something quickly
difficulty and needing help and with force.
So li c i t = to ask somebody eagerly or firmly
for something; to try to obtain
something
Co m bat = to fight or stru ggle against
somebody/ something

Cloze Test 445
Technology (1) lives. But (2) if people want it to. The US is in the (1) of a cleanup of toxic financial
This qualification is important, and (3) to waste that will (2) taxpayers hundreds of billions of
understanding progress. Akio Morita, the founder of dollars, at the very least. The primary manufacturers
Sony, used to make inventions not by writing code of these hazardous products (3) multimillion-dollar
but by making minute, detailed studies of (4) people paychecks for their efforts. So why shouldn’t they (4)
lived the ir live s. It is observable that when he to pay for their mop-up? This is, after all, what the US
re linquishe d dire ct involve me nt in product Congress (5) in 1980 for (6) of actual toxic waste.
development at the company in the 1980s, Sony Under the Superfund law (7) that year, polluters (8)
seemed to lose its (5) of developing a truly radical for the mess they make. Environmental lawyer E
invention like the Walkman that the world takes to Michael Thomas sees no (9) lawmakers couldn’t
en masse. demand the same of financial polluters and (10) them
However much it seems that machines are in (6), to ante up some of the bank bailout money.
they are not. Yet the belief that technology alone holds 1. 1) range 2) depth
the key to (7) the way people work, buy, and do 3) midst 4) essence
business is strong. The rise of dotcoms in the late 5) debate
1990s was (8) by a belief that technology was changing 2. 1) benefit 2) cost
the rules of marketing and employee relationships. 3) earn 4) facilitate
This is not to say there have been no changes in the 5) save
K
new economy; but that they (9) to appear where 3. 1) donated 2) demanded
technology makes it (10) for people to communicate 3) dwindled 4) spent
with each other, or have been unre lated to the 5) pocketed
technology. The dynamic is still a human one. 4. 1) hesitate 2) come
1. 1) ruins 2) changes 3) makes 3) defy 4) have
4) explains 5) shakes 5) admit
2. 1) not 2) occasionally 5. 1) decreed 2) refrained
3) seldom 4) only 3) commented 4) admonished
5) never 5) visualised
3. 1) key 2) primarily 6. 1) consumers 2) advocates
3) encouraging 4) supported 3) exponents 4) producers
KUNDAN
5) disastrous 5) users
4. 1) why 2) where 7. 1) revoked 2) forced
3) when 4) whether 3) squashed 4) abandoned
5) how 5) enacted
5. 1) share 2) profit 8. 1) regain 2) claim
3) knack 4) business 3) pay 4) demand
5) plant 5) consider
6. 1) progress 2) control 9. 1) practice 2) reason
3) action 4) operation 3) compensation 4) issue
5) transition 5) wonder
7. 1) encroaching 2) accomplishing 10. 1) force 2) plead 3) appeal
3) determining 4) highlighting 4) dupe 5) follow
5) informing In t he m i dst of = while something is happening
8. 1) govern 2) successful or being done.
3) underlying 4) disputed Cleanu p = the rem ov al of crim in als,
harmful influences etc; the
5) accompanied
removal of dirt etc from a person
9. 1) tend 2) cease or place
3) fail 4) refuse T ox i c = poisonous
5) avoid At t he very least = and probably more than that
10. 1) essential 2) laborious H az ar d o u s = dangerous; risky
3) tough 4) easier Poc ket = to keep or take something for
5) awkward oneself especially dishonestly
R el i nqu i sh = to stop having, doing or claiming Af t er al l = in spite of what has been said,
something; to give something up done or expected.
K n ac k = a skill at performing some special Decree = to order som ethin g by a
task; an ability judgement or decision made by
R adi c al = fundamental; of or from the root or certain lawcourts
base M ess = a dirty or untidy state.
en m asse = in a mass or crowd; all together

Ant e = money etc risked or gambled 4. 1) prove 2) search

on the unknown result of a 3) application 4) understanding
future event eg a race or a card 5) acknowledge
game
5. 1) law 2) aspects
F ac i l i t at e = to make something especially
an action or a process, easy or
3) experts 4) books
easier 5) loop
D wi n dl e = to become gradually less or 6. 1) equip 2) arm
smaller 3) decorate 4) promote
R ef r ai n = to stop oneself doin g 5) load
som ethin g especially 7. 1) optional 2) expensive
something that one would like 3) tough 4) deep
to do
5) specialized
Adm o n i sh = to give a mild but firm warning
to somebody; to advise urge
8. 1) authentic 2) voluminous
somebody seriously 3) many 4) prompt
Revoke = to withdraw or cancel a law, 5) shining
licence, etc 9. 1) consulting 2) qualified
S q u ash = to press or crush something so 3) rich 4) merchant
that it changes shape, becomes 5) tired
very soft etc 10. 1) learned 2) powerful
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Dupe = to deceive or trick somebody in
3) ready 4) comprehensive
doing something
P l e ad = to m ake repeated u rgen t
5) prescribed
requ ests to som eb ody for Pave t he way = to create a situation in which
something somebody will be able to do
Defy = to refuse to obey or show something or something can
respect for som eb ody/ happen.
something Loop = a set of instructions that is
repeated again and again until
Passage 62 a particu lar con dition is
satisfied
It is a pity that we do not have good books on
insurance written by Indian authors (1) to the steady Passage 63
growth of literature on the subject in other countries,
KUNDAN
On October 2, 1983 the Grameen Bank Project (1)
especially the USA, whose insurance laws and (2) are the Grameen Bank. We invited the Finance Minister
very much similar to those of our country. And to be the Chief Guest at our (2) ceremony. But when
students studying in our colleges and the millions of the Ministry came to (3) that the ceremony would take
insurance employees appearing for various insurance place in a remote district, they said it would not be an
examinations have to depend (3) on books written by (4) place to launch a Bank and that the ceremony
foreign authors. As these books mainly deal with the should be (5) in Dhaka so that all the top Government
problems of insurance industry of foreign countries, Officials could (6). We stood firm and (7) to them that
the (4) of the insurance scene in India and the various we did not work in urban areas so it made no (8) to
legal (5) and insurance procedures remains very weak. have the ceremony in a city (9) we had no borrowers.
To (6) the insurance employee s and the college We had the ceremony in a big open field with the
students who have opted for (7) courses in insurance Finance Minister present as Chief Guest. For all of
with different aspects of theory and practice of us who had worked so hard to (10) this it was a dream
insurance, we should have good and (8) textbooks. come true.
The book under review written by VMR Nair himself, 1. 1) reorganised 2) merged
an experienced and (9) expert on insurance law based 3) named 4) converted
on leading Indian cases, will be found very useful by 5) became
students of insurance sector as a (10) guide to the 2. 1) opening 2) closing
principles of insurance. 3) dedicated 4) inaugurate
1. 1) paving 2) corresponding 5) induction
3) following 4) emphasize 3. 1) reveal 2) know
5) correcting 3) aware 4) inform
2. 1) process 2) product 5) acquaint
3) notes 4) currency 4. 1) excellent 2) available
5) procedures 3) inauspicious 4) appropriate
3. 1) slightly 2) upon 5) obvious
3) still 4) at 5. 1) invited 2) assembled
5) until 3) done 4) shifted
5) held

Cloze Test 447
6. 1) present 2) accompany 6. 1) requests 2) bring

3) attend 4) involve 3) emphasises 4) speculates
5) entertain 5) postulates
7. 1) apologised 2) told 7. 1) Sufficient 2) Good
3) explained 4) denied 3) Competent 4) Absence
5) refused 5) Inadequate
8. 1) difference 2) sense 8. 1) grow 2) multiplication
3) difficulty 4) meaning 3) expansion 4) rise
5) point 5) inflation
9. 1) where 2) while 9. 1) reported 2) produced
3) that 4) however 3) develop 4) composed
5) which 5) resulted
10. 1) obey 2) achieve 10. 1) weather 2) if
3) discover 4) built 3) whether 4) unless
5) perform 5) provided
I nduc t i on = the action or process of admitting At t he ex pense = with loss or damage to
somebody or of being admitted to of so m et hi ng something
an office or organization Beli eve = to feel sure of the truth of
R eveal = to make facts etc known something
Ac qu ai nt = to make somebody/ oneself familiar Co n si der = to think about someb ody/
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with or aware of something something especially in order
to make a decision
Passage 64 Spec ul at e = to guess; to form opinions
without having definite or
Twenty years (1) now, nearly 60% of the world’s com plete kn owledge or
population will live in urban areas. The impact of evidence
urbanization might not all be positive on India as Vi cini t y = the area round a place
urban expansion is happening at a much (2) rate than
infrastructure expansion. Passage 65
Sustainability issue s ne e d to be (3) so that Today, it is (1) recognized that the 21st century
economic development is not at the (4) of public will be driven by knowledge. To (2) the challenges of
health. Some urban services that ought to be in (5) in this century, India needs to usher in a knowledge
KUNDAN
a city like water, electricity, transport etc need special revolution that (3) to bring about systemic changes in
consideration. education.
TERI has put together a detailed report that (6) While our economy has made significant strides,
Sustainability in the provision of basic urban services the education system has not kept (4) with the
in Indian cities. aspirations of the youth. The vast disparity in the
(7) public transport is a major reason for the country today is a result of skewed (5) to knowledge.
proliferation of private vehicles on the road. Respiratory To address this, we need a substantial expansion in
illness in children living in urban areas is on the (8) educational opportunities, with a spe cial (6) on
with more cases of Asthma being (9) because of inclusion of the underprivileged.
pollution. The future of cities of Indian dreams At the bottom of the pyramid, steps must be taken
depends on (10) we can build better cities today. to ( 7) acce ss to quality e ducation. While the
1. 1) on 2) till government has taken steps to ensure education to
3) since 4) from all, where it lacks in its e fforts in the quality
5) after perspective. Being a spirally upward drive, education
2. 1) quick 2) faster can not be (8) to improve at the higher level unless it
3) slower 4) changed improves at the very grassroots level. The top of the
5) speed pyramid, ie higher education, is also uneven. Students
3. 1) understand 2) speculated struggle to compete in the exams which (9) a sound
3) believed 4) imagined knowledge of English. While candidates are expected
5) considered to travel several kilometres to reach school to obtain
4. 1) expense 2) payment any education, the higher education organisations
3) rate 4) costs often (10) candidates from vernacular media through
5) charge State-sponsored exams and proudly affirm them as
5. 1) location 2) abundance ‘unbiased’.
3) large 4) functional 1. 1) thickly 2) widely 3) ample
5) vicinity 4) partly 5) considered

2. 1) adhere to 2) gather better. However, when the economy starts to recover

3) cover 4) contact growth, stocks te nd to recover faster. The re is
5) meet significant disagreement about how health care and
3. 1) sought 2) wanted utilities tend to (6).
3) seeks 4) attempt In 2008, an economic recession was suggested by
5) determined several important indicators of economic downturn.
4. 1) adequate 2) sufficient These (7) high oil prices, which led to (8) high food
3) influence 4) pace prices due to a dependence of food production on
5) ahead petroleum, as well as using food crop products such
5. 1) access 2) approaching as ethanol and biodiesel as an (9) to petroleum; and
3) rights 4) infiltration global inflation; a substantial credit crisis leading to
5) excess the drastic bankruptcy of large and we ll (10)
6. 1) aspiration 2) intensity investment banks as well as commercial banks in
3) important 4) place various, diverse nations around the world; increased
5) emphasis unemployme nt; and signs of conte mporaneous
7. 1) enjoy 2) help economic downturns in major economics of the world,
3) provide 4) diminish a global recession.
5) deepen 1. 1) imagined 2) depict
8. 1) awaited 2) judged 3) shown 4) visualized
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3) thought 4) expected 5) characterized
5) said 2. 1) increase 2) variance
9. 1) demand 2) has 3) more 4) decrease
3) consume 4) expects 5) abundance
5) wants 3. 1) weakens 2) initiates
10. 1) discourages 2) disobey 3) awakens 4) strengthens
3) contest 4) assume 5) volatile
5) reject 4. 1) maintained 2) yield
T o usher i n = to mark the start of something; 3) heavy 4) result
to cause something to begin 5) payment
T o bri ng about = to make something happen 5. 1) are 2) want
St r i de = one long step; the distance
3) tend 4) yearn
KUNDAN
covered by one long step
D i spar i t y = a difference
5) made
S k e we d = not normal or usual; distorted; 6. 1) distribute 2) recover
not straight; crooked 3) wait 4) increased
S p i r al = to in crease rapidly an d 5) fight
continuously 7. 1) meant 2) show
V e r n ac u l ar = a language or form of a language 3) numbered 4) included
spoken in particular country or 5) encompass
region or by a particular group
8. 1) fearful 2) dangerous
as compared with a formal or
written language
3) abnormally 4) healthy
Am pl e = enough or more than enough 5) nutritious
Adher e t o = to obey something; to remain 9. 1) alternative 2) variant
attached to something 3) substitute 4) element
Di m i ni sh = to become or make something 5) integral
smaller or less; to decrease 10. 1) wealthy 2) costly 3) stand
4) created 5) established
Passage 66 T o hold up = to delay or block the movement or
In e conomics, the te rm recession ge ne rally progress of somebody/ something;
to u se or present som eb ody/
describes the reduction of a country’s Gross Domestic
something as an example
Product (GDP) for at least two quarters. A recession Do wn t u rn = a reduction in economic or business
is (1) by rising unemployment, increase in government activity
borrowing, (2) of share and stock prices, and falling Cont em poraneous = existing or happening at the
investment. All of these characteristics have effects same time
on people. Some recessions have been anticipated by V ar i an c e = the extent to which something
stock market declines. The real-estate market also varies or differs from something else
usually (3) before a recession. However, real-estate E n c o m pass = to include something; to surround
or cover something completely
declines can last much longer than recessions. During
an economic decline, high-(4) stocks such as financial
services, pharmaceuticals and tobacco (5) to hold up

Cloze Test 449
Passage 67 Hai l fr o m = to originate from a place

Fet c h = to go and find and bring back
Without doubt, there is one thing (1) to all of us. somebody/ something
We have played a game at some time in our lives. Allev i at e = to make something less severe
Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many
playing a game or a sport is a way to (2) poverty behind.
Passage 68
In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport The barter system for getting goods and services
professionally can (3) the lives of a person’s entire (1) back many centuries. In most cultures the barter
family. system was used before money was (2). People who
For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia had specific items or services would (3) these with
(4) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running others for the things they needed. Good negotiation
at dawn everyday. Each of these youth is (5) and was the (4) to making good trades. While the barter
serious and their coach is (6) that one of them will be system (5) based on basic needs, today the barter
a world champion. This seems like an idle (7) but it is syste m continue s to thrive . The barte r syste m
virtually a guarantee in this small community (8) transcends the monetary system. The barter system
mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female is making a (6) today. What makes the barter system
distance runners in the world hail from this small even better today than ever before is that it can now
town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors be done globally. In the past, bartering was simply
outside Bekoji (9) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. done with those that were located nearby. Today, the
Children here start running at an early age, (10) great barter system can be used in a much more (7) way
K
distances to fetch water and firewood or to reach than ever before yet it carries with it the same basic
school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town motivation - the need for something that you don’t
are likely to win more medals than those from have and the excess of something that someone else
developed countries. It will give their families a way wants.
out of poverty. The barter system is enjoying (8) interest today.
1. 1) accepted 2) common Bartering allows you to get the things you need without
3) alike 4) similar having to (9) additional money. Instead, you can use
5) popular the things you no longer need or want to get the things
2. 1) alleviate 2) forgot you do need. There are swap markets and online
3) prevent 4) reduce auctions that (10) you to sell or trade your items or to
5) leave purchase items that you want. Negotiation takes place
KUNDAN
3. 1) changes 2) arrange just like it did hundreds of years ago.
3) control 4) transform 1. 1) discovered 2) dates
5) shift 3) began 4) started
4. 1) further 2) more 5) initiated
3) greater 4) over 2. 1) bought 2) imagined
5) larger 3) began 4) emerged
5. 1) concentrated 2) rival 5) invented
3) focused 4) playful 3. 1) buy 2) sell
5) performed 3) exchange 4) give
6. 1) convince 2) optimist 5) return
3) intended 4) privilege 4. 1) important 2) essential
5) confident 3) result 4) key
7. 1) boast 2) suspicion 5) intention
3) risk 4) worship 5. 1) originated 2) stood
5) precaution 3) generated 4) created
8. 1) existing 2) that 5) produced
3) comprising 4) consisting 6. 1) issue 2) comeback
5) for 3) withdrawal 4) recall
9. 1) warn 2) inform 5) fading
3) notices 4) reads 7. 1) primitive 2) appreciated
5) wish 3) promoted 4) sophisticated
10. 1) covering 2) driving 5) better
3) measuring 4) following 8. 1) diminishing 2) revival
5) competing 3) perishing 4) declining
D awn = the time of day when light first 5) renewed
appears 9. 1) expend 2) exchanging
Bo ast = a statement showing too much pride
3) expand 4) consume
and satisfaction
V i r t u al l y = almost
5) cost

10. 1) insist 2) force 6. 1) unless 2) because

3) allow 4) lure 3) against 4) whether
5) constraint 5) that
Bar t e r = to exchange goods, property etc for 7. 1) recommend 2) think
other goods etc without using 3) point 4) refer
money 5) suggest
T hr i v e = to live, continue, grow or develop
8. 1) respect 2) debt
well and vigorously
T r an sc en d = to be or go beyond the normal limits
3) attention 4) expense
of something 5) compensation
S wa p = to exchan ge som ethin g for 9. 1) lower 2) attain
something else 3) decline 4) shrunk
Ex pend = to use or spend resources in doing 5) recover
something 10. 1) difficult 2) interpret
P e r i sh = to be destroyed; to die 3) reveal 4) intended
Cu re = to attract or tempt a person or an
5) inferred
animal
T o t ake on = to assume something; to begin to
Co n st r ai n t = a thing that limits or restricts
so m et h i n g have a particular characteristic,
quality or appearance.
Passage 69 Owi ng t o = b ecau se of or on accou n t of
something
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The (1) of India as an economic superpower is not
reflected in the (2) of life enjoyed by its 1.2 billion En hanc e = to increase or improve further for
good quality, value or status of
citizens, according to the Human Development Index,
somebody
which (3) India very low among 182 countries. In our Pu rsui t = the action of looking for or trying to
performance-oriented world, measurement issues find something
have taken on (4) importance as what we measure Com pl i anc e = the tendency to agree to do what
affects what we do. In fact, the French President has others want
established an international commission on the I nt end = to have a particular purpose or plan
Measurement of Economic Performance and Social in mind
Progress, owing to his (5) and that of others with the
current state of statistical information about the
Passage 70
economy and society. Asteroids are rocks and debris which are the
KUNDAN
The big question concerns (6) Gross Domestic leftovers of the construction of our solar system. Most
Product (GDP) provides a good measure of living are in a belt, which (1) between Mars and Jupiter.
standards. In many cases, GDP statistics seem to (7) However, the gravitational influence of the giant
that the economy is doing far better than most citizens planets, like Jupiter, or an impact by a comet can
fe el it is. More over, the focus on GDP cre ate s knock these large rocks out of their orbit, thus hurling
conflicts—while political leaders are told to maximise them (2) the Earth. Many bodies have struck Earth in
it, citizens also demand that (8), be paid to enhancing the (3), and a widely accepted theory blames the impact
security, reducing air, water and noise pollution all of of an asteroid for the extinction of dinosaurs about
which actually (9) GDP growth. Statistics are (10) to 65 million years ago. The scale of such a disaster can
summarise what is going on in our complex society, it be understood by the example of a relatively small-
is therefore obvious that we can’t reduce everything size asteroid strike in Siberia in early 20th century
to a single number —GDP. which (4) more than half a million acres of forest.
1. 1) pursuit 2) perception However, what relieves the common man of the (5)
3) conversion regarding asteroid impact is the fact that many
4) title scientific groups are dedicated towards tracking the
5) tribute asteroid paths and orbit all around the year. With
2. 1) quality 2) spirit advanced equipment and technology, they can predict
3) span 4) joy any upcoming danger much in (6). According to them
5) loss the chances of finding such an asteroid crossing Earth
3. 1) scored 2) qualified in this or the next five generations’ lifetime is only
3) regard 4) ranked one in thousands. Even if such an asteroid is found
5) counted out, there will be (7) of time to track it, measure its
4. 1) great 2) unduly orbit precisely, and plan a system for (8) it from its
3) trivial 4) considerably orbit away from that of the Earth’s. There will be no
5) negligible great hurry, and no great panic. It would be a project
5. 1) confidence 2) belief for all the world’s nations to take part in. It could be
3) dissatisfaction 4) compliance a globally unifying event. Because it will be (9) long
5) obedience before it actually hits the Earth, it probably would

Cloze Test 451
take only a small measure such as chemical rockets, Passage 71

or perhaps an atomic explosion to divert it from a
threatening path. The World Diabetes Congress has determined that
Thus, in short, it can be said that though the impact India has the largest number of diabetics in the world.
would pose enormous risk to all living forms on Earth, Apart from the loss of productivity, the (1) burden is
the odds of it occurring within our lifetimes is very alarming - $ 2.8 billion annually. Sedentary jobs, (2)
(10) and it is unnecessary to run around believing of electronic entertainment, changing diet patterns
that the sky is falling. and (3) dependence on automobiles have driven the
1. 1) rotates 2) appears activity (4) of Indians’ lives, especially in cities.
3) strikes 4) encircles The (5) is, therefore, to make people physically (6)
5) exists and requires interventions which impact a large (7) of
2. 1) past 2) around the population. Admittedly, physical activity is a (8)
3) towards 4) against of choice and is strongly driven by (9) preferences.
5) inside But policy making needs to shift to (10) moderate
3. 1) future 2) centuries levels of physical activity in the daily lives of people.
3) earliest 4) past One way to accomplish this is to create walkable
5) history communitie s that give re side nts a varie ty of
4. 1) extinct 2) devastated destinations within walking distance.
3) wasted 4) shrivelled 1. 1) health 2) economic
5) fell 3) finance 4) subsidy
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5. 1) apprehension 2) expectation 5) physical
3) distrust 4) sufferings 2. 1) widespread 2) broadcast
5) hesitation 3) spread 4) prevalent
6. 1) sooner 2) accuracy 5) expand
3) advance 4) time 3. 1) increasing 2) totally
5) distance 3) entirely 4) grown
7. 1) dearth 2) loss 5) mutual
3) most 4) lack 4. 1) outside 2) most
5) plenty 3) out 4) from
8. 1) blocking 2) deflecting 5) through
3) avoiding 4) destroying 5. 1) dispute 2) ultimatum
KUNDAN
5) changing 3) hazard 4) sensitivity
9. 1) experienced 2) harmful 5) challenge
3) perceived 4) noticed 6. 1) qualified 2) equip
5) devastating. 3) built 4) active
10. 1) low 2) large 5) trained
3) narrow 4) high 7. 1) piece 2) section
5) few 3) scale 4) degree
L ef t o v er s = food remaining at the end of a meal; 5) per cent
something that belongs to a past 8. 1) lack 2) want
period and surprisingly still exists 3) matter 4) scarcity
although most other things of that 5) right
period no longer do. 9. 1) individually 2) showing
Hu r l = to throw somebody/ something
3) given 4) special
violently in a particular direction
Ex t i nc t = no longer in existence
5) personal
Appr eh en si o n = anxiety about something in the 10. 1) attract 2) pursuit
future; fear that something will be 3) indulge 4) introduce
un pleasant or that something 5) insist
unpleasant will happen. Seden t ar y = done sitting down; spending a
Plent y = a number or an amount that is lot of time sitting down
sufficient for somebody or more than Drive som ebody/ = to force somebody/ something
they need. som et hing out to leave or disappear
Deflec t = to change or m ake som ething Int ervene = to come or be between
change direction especially after Ac c o m pli sh = to succeed in doing something;
hitting something to complete som ethin g
D ev ast at ed = to ruin something; to destroy successfu lly; to achiev e
something completely. something
Shr i vel = to shrink or wrinkle from heat or cold Prevalent = existin g or happenin g
or because of being dry generally; widespread
D e ar t h = a lack or shortage of things or people

Passage 72 Am bi guo u s = not clearly stated or defined

Revert = to return to a former state or
Economic growth figures for the first quarter of this condition
financial year seem to support the claim that the worst At r o c i o u s = very wicked; cruel or shocking
may be over for the Indian economy. The gradual revival Co n t r adi c t = to say that something a person has
said or written is wrong, and that
is also an indication that the government’s economic
the opposition is true
stimulus package is (1). What could, however, upset Fut i le = producing no result; having no
the positive outlook is the drought which (2) large purpose
parts of the country and its impact on overall growth.
Even though the monsoon had picked up (3), the rains Passage 73
received were grossly (4). There are clear (5) that farm
There is a considerable amount of research about
output, particularly cereals, will fall drastically.
the factors that make a company innovate. So is it
Insufficient rain is bound to shoot up the (6) of
possible to create an environment (1) to innovation?
agricultural commodities and that would impact the
This is a particularly pertinent (2) for India today.
economy as a whole. The drought would also (7) a
Massive problems in health, education, etc (3) be
drastic re duction in rural e mployme nt and
solved using a conventional approach but (4) creative
consumption besides inflation in the prices of food
and innovative solutions that can ensure radical
articles.
change and (5). There are several factors in India’s
Food prices have been (8) since the past few
(6). Few countries have the rich diversity that India
K
months, and lower agricultural production is likely to
or its large, young population (7). While these (8)
(9) the situation. The government has said that food
innovation policy interventions, certain additional
grain from the buffer stocks will be used to keep prices
steps are also required. These include (9) investment
(10). Subsidised food grain is necessary in these
in research and development by (10) the government
times, but its effectiveness will depend a lot on the
and the private sector, easy transfer of technology
distribution system.
from the academic world etc. To fulfil its promise of
1. 1) impractical 2) ambiguous
being prosperous and to be at the forefront, India must
3) failing 4) working
be innovative.
5) weakening
1. 1) stimuli 2) conducive
2. 1) strike 2) affected
3) incentive 4) facilitated
3) exposed 4) reverted
5) impetus
5) altered
KUNDAN
2. 1) objective 2) controversy
3. 1) unseasonably 2) unfavourably
3) doubt 4) question
3) presently 4) meagrely
5) inference
5) later
3. 1) cannot 2) possibly
4. 1) inadequate 2) enough
3) should 4) never
3) missing 4) ample
5) must
5) atrocious
4. 1) necessary 2) apply
5. 1) contradictions 2) advices
3) need 4) consider
3) reasons 4) results
5) requires
5) indications
5. 1) quantity 2) advantages
6. 1) production 2) requirement
3) increase 4) chaos
3) prices 4) yield
5) growth
5) labour
6. 1) challenges 2) praises
7. 1) trigger 2) lead
3) favour 4) leverage
3) result 4) contribute
5) esteem
5) dampen
7. 1) blessed 2) enjoys
8. 1) improving 2) balanced
3) endows 4) prevails 5) occurs
3) stable 4) increasing
8. 1) aid 2) jeopardise
5) decreasing
3) promotes 4) endure
9. 1) aggravate 2) amend
5) cater
3) smoothen 4) improve
9. 1) acute 2) utilising
5) challenge
3) restricting 4) inspiring
10. 1) unprofitable 2) futile
5) increased
3) maximum 4) growing
10. 1) both 2) besides
5) down
St i m u lu s = a thing that encourages or excites
3) combining 4) participating
somebody/ something to activity, 5) also
greater effort etc Conduc ive = helping something to happen or
A gg r av at e = to make a disease, a situation, an making it likely
offence etc worse or more serious Pert i nent = relevant to something

Cloze Test 453
R adi c al = fundamental 4. 1) unexplained 2) doubt

F o r ef r o n t = the most forward or important 3) some 4) true
position or place 5) sad
St i m uli = plural of ‘st im ulus’.
5. 1) himself 2) sometimes
F ac i l i t at e = to make something especially an
action or a process easy or easier
3) proper 4) improve
I m pet us = a force that encourages a process to 5) themselves
develop more quickly 6. 1) established 2) created
L ev e r age = power or influence 3) set 4) wound
Est eem = high regard; a favourable opinion 5) thought
E n do w = to provide somebody/ something 7. 1) tried 2) mattered
with a good quality, ability, feature 3) meaning 4) supposed
etc.
5) expect
J e o par di se = to cause something to be harmed,
lost or destroyed; to put something
8. 1) renounced 2) showed
in danger of this happening 3) passed 4) negated
E ndur e = to tolerate a person, an event etc 5) directed
9. 1) shift 2) make
Passage 74 3) turn 4) mull
5) switch
Seed quality is an (1) aspect of crop production.
10. 1) sell 2) equipments
For ages, farmers have traditionally been selecting
3) people 4) techniques
K
and (2) good quality seed, since it was in their interest
5) creatures
to do so. They knew and understood the importance
Advent = the approach or arrival of an
of quality seed in production. important person, event etc
However, with the adve nt of gre en revolution Set som et hing up = to place or build something; to
technology, based (3) on the high-yielding dwarf establish or create something
varieties of wheat and rice, mainstream thinking S t apl e = main or principal
changed. Agricultural scientists, for reasons that S o ar = to rise quickly to a high level or
remain (4), began to doubt the ability of farmers to standard
maintain seed quality (5). Aided by the World Bank, E m pat h y = the ability to imagine and share
another person’s experience,
the Ministry of Agriculture launched a National Seeds
feelings etc
Project in 1967. Under the project, spread into three Renounce = to give up a habit; abandon
phases, seed processing plants were (6) up in nine
KUNDAN
something
states. Six states were covered under phase three. Mull over = to think about or consider
All that the huge processing plants were (7) to do was something long and carefully
to provide ‘certified’ seeds of food crops, mainly self-
pollinating crops, to farmers. In mid-1980s, the Passage 75
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the The world’s climate has always changed and species
Philippines concluded a study which (8) that there have evolved accordingly to survive it. The surprising
was hardly any difference in the crop yields from fact about the (1) between evolution and global
transplante d rice and from the crop sown by warming (2) that it is not linear. (3) temperatures alone
broadcasted seeds. One would wonder why, in the first are not (4) of evolution. Evolution is also the (5) of
instance, were the farmers asked to (9) ove r to seasonal changes. As the environment (6) those
transplanting paddy ? The answe r is simple — species which don’t adapt (7) to exist. But the sheer
probably, to help the mechanical industries grow. (8) of manmade climate change today is (9). ‘Bad things
Since rice is the! staple food in Asia, tractor sales could are happening’ and by one (10) global warming could
only grow if there was a way to move the machine in threaten upto one-third of the world’s species if left
the rice fields. No wonder, the sales of tractors, unchecked. In fact, a lot of the species which will be
puddlers, reapers and other associated (10) soared in able to survive are the ones we consider pests like
rice-growing areas. insects and weeds.
1. 1) irrational 2) main 1. 1) difference 2) similarity
3) brilliant 4) important 3) argument 4) relationship
5) empathetic 5) alliance
2. 1) maintaining 2) trusting 2. 1) being 2) seems
3) selling 4) processing 3) mainly 4) besides
5) creating 5) is
3. 1) necessarily 2) exceptionally 3. 1) However 2) Mounted
3) primarily 4) regularly 3) Rising 4) Elevating
5) truly 5) Inclining

4. 1) means 2) triggers a conscious effort to (10) the right policies in place

3) responses 4) threats soon.
5) stimulus 1. 1) past 2) against
5. 1) result 2) precursor 3) through 4) across
3) resistance 4) cause 5) on
5) provocation 2. 1) earning 2) share
6. 1) conserves 2) stifles 3) venture 4) delivery
3) predicts 4) changes 5) distribution
5) emerges 3. 1) commonly 2) ideally
7. 1) continue 2) halt 3) indefinitely 4) preferably
3) cease 4) terminate 5) invariably
5) discontinue 4. 1) whereas 2) unlike
8. 1) luck 2) value 3) besides 4) although
3) collapse 4) pace 5) despite
5) attention 5. 1) encouraging 2) second
9. 1) threatened 2) pursued 3) lesser 4) beating
3) unprecedented 4) record 5) greater
5) debated 6. 1) affords 2) cures
10. 1) forecast 2) chance 3) visits 4) reaches
K
3) pattern 4) occasion 5) provides
5) imagination 7. 1) look 2) plan
A d ap t = to make something suitable for 3) weigh 4) admire
a new use, situation etc 5) consider
Cease = to come to or bring something 8. 1) persuade 2) ascertain
to an end; to stop
3) influence 4) impede
Sh e er = complete; nothing more than
Un pr ec edent ed = never having happened; been
5) estimate
done or been known before 9. 1) thought 2) credited
We ed = a wild plant growing where it is 3) identified 4) believed
not wanted especially among 5) supposed
crops or garden plants 10. 1) derive 2) frame
P r ec u r so r = a person or thing that comes 3) figure 4) consider
KUNDAN
before somebody/ something 5) put
more important, larger or more P oi se = to be or keep something balanced
highly developed. or suspended
St i fl e = to su ppress or con trol Toil = work that is hard and makes one
something; to feel or make very tired
someb ody feel u nab le to I n v ari abl y = always
breathe properly because of I m pede = to delay or stop the progress or
lack of fresh air. movement of something/ somebody
The world is going (1) a deep recession. At such a The large number of natural disasters within a few
time, one thing we need in abundance is jobs for the days in late September has led to two assumptions.
semi-skilled and unskilled. This is the only way in First, we are experiencing more natural calamities
which e qual (2) of we alth can take place . The today (1) ever before, and second, the distribution of
healthcare industry is (3) poised to occupy this disasters (2) unequal. A UN report studied natural
position. The IT industry hires people from the upper- disasters (3) 1975 and 2007 found that not only is the
middle strata and rich families, usually engineers, (4) of catastrophes increasing because of climate
(4) the health care industry hires nurses, to the tune change and environmental (5) but also that the brunt
of eighty per cent of the jobs created, from the lower of tragedies is borne (6) poor countries least equipped
economic strata. to deal with such (7). It is true that some countries
Global health care is a $ 4.5-trillion industry, (5) are disaster-prone but some (8) Japan for example
only to the agro industry. Even then health care (6) have manage d to ove rcome the ir ge ographical
only eight per cent of world’s population. Policymakers disadvantage s. (9) to UN e stimate s, equivalent
should (7) at health care industry as not only an populations in the Philippines and Japan (10) the
industry which addresses pain but also as one which same number of cyclones each year but 17 times more
can (8) the economy. The last century was driven by people perish in the Philippines than in Japan. In
machines that addressed human toil and it is strongly same ways natural disaste rs give de ve lope d
(9) that this century will be driven by health care. economies an excuse for technological improvement
This, however, will only happen if policymakers make

Cloze Test 455
while in poorer ones it feeds a vicious cycle —since illegal fishing and the clearing of land are direct results
they are constantly struggling to recover from natural of urbanization and deforestation. People have (4) and
calamities they cannot afford the disaster prevention damaged almost half of earth’s land, at a very
measures needed. unsustainable rate.
1. 1) as 2) than Global warming is having a serious impact as well.
3) not 4) of A six-degree Celsius increase in global temperature
5) since killed 95% of all species on Earth 251 million years
2. 1) being 2) are ago. An increase of six-degree Celsius is forecast this
3) often 4) is century if a change is not made to (5) the damage
5) seem done to earth. Humans will be one of the 95% of
3. 1) after 2) prior species lost. Noticeable, changes of global warming
3) between 4) separating include migration (6) and the change in se ason
5) affecting timings. Migrating birds are migrating earlier which
4. 1) response 2) dances in turn is causing them to hatch eggs and (7) young
3) occurring 4) damage earlier than they did at the beginning of this century.
5) frequency While this is just the tip of the iceberg many other (8)
5. 1) degradation 2) protection regarding the extinction of plant and animal species
3) detriment 4) audit need addressing. It is more important now than ever
5) summit before to pull our heads out of the sand and make
1) of 2) by changes for the (9) of the earth. Future generations
K
6.
3) with 4) for are (10), as they are a species as well.
5) on 1. 1) killing 2) alive
7. 1) calm 2) misbelieve 3) born 4) left
3) misfortunes 4) faith 5) lost
5) mistake 2. 1) speak 2) told
8. 1) inspite 2) even 3) estimation 4) believe
3) since 4) how 5) consider
5) like 3. 1) shape 2) development
9. 1) Thanks 2) Comparing 3) deterioration 4) warmth
3) Similar 4) According 5) expansion
5) Linked 4. 1) altered 2) created
KUNDAN
10. 1) endure 2) incite 3) produced 4) made
3) enjoys 4) trigger 5) brought
5) encountersor 5. 1) void 2) dissipate
Cal am i t y = an event that causes great harm 3) augment 4) reverse
or damage; a disaster 5) increase
Cat ast r o ph e = a sudden great disaster 6. 1) delay 2) birds
Bear t he brunt = to receiv e the m ain force,
3) slowdown 4) hasten
of som et hi ng sock or impact of something
E ndur e = to tolerate an event
5) acceleration
P e r i sh = to be destroyed; to die 7. 1) spare 2) bear
Det ri m ent = causing harm to somebody/ 3) destroy 4) amend
something 5) generation
Incit e = to urge or persuade somebody 8. 1) animals 2) difficulty
to do something by making 3) issues 4) humans
them very angry or excited; to 5) problem
create or cause something
9. 1) extinction 2) better
especially conflict or violence
3) wealth 4) stigma
Passage 78 5) demand
10. 1) endangered 2) threaten
Hundreds of plants and animals are (1) every day 3) evaluated 4) living
due to deforestation and urbanization. What might 5) compared
happen if this continues in the future? The last mass Ex t i nc t = no longer in existence
extinction of plant and animal species occurred 65 Det eri or at i o n = the action of becoming worse
million years ago with the dinosaurs. In all, five mass in quality or condition
extinctions have occurred and scientists (2) earth is Co nt am i nat e = to make something/ somebody
in the sixth mass extinction. The world as it is now is impure by adding substances
that are dangerous or carry
threatened, including people, who are responsible for
disease
e arth’s ( 3). Pe sticide s contaminating wate r; H at c h = to come out of an egg.
overharvesting of animals and plants; air pollution; B e ar = to give birth to somebody

E n dan g er = to cause danger to somebody/ Cat ast r o ph e = a sudden great disaster

something; to put somebody/ Vo i d = empty; without something;
something in danger. lacking something
Hi de one’s head = to pretend that an obvious A figm ent of som e- = a thing that is not real
i n t he sand problem or danger does not body’s i m agi nat i o n but only imagined
exist
Passage 80
Passage 79
The world is witnessing food price turbulence again.
India has become, in purchasing power parity A bad drought in Russia, rising demand in the US and
terms, the fourth largest economy in the world. India’s developing countries, and Pakistan’s blighted crop
economic (1) since 1980 has been among the (2) rapid. prospe cts after its floods are ke eping price s of
Although India managed its one incipient crisis in commodities such as cereals, sugar, oil and meat high.
the early 1990s, it avoided the catastrophic losses The Food and Agriculture Organization’s monthly food
(3). While many (4) that exposing India’s economy to price (1) is heading north.
global competition would reveal India’s economic (5) India is not (2) from this problem even at the best
it has rather revealed strengths and often unexpected of times. For the week that ended on 11 September,
strengths in new areas no planner would have (6) of. food prices (as (3) by the Wholesale Price Index) rose
India is increasingly taking its (7) on the global stage by 15.86%.
and in inte rnational forums as a 21st-ce ntury Given the robust demand for foodstuffs, a time of
K
superpower. The generations of politicians and policy price volatility calls for a careful look at the “design”
makers who have been (8) of leading India to where it issues surrounding food supply management. At times,
is today can be justifiably (9) of the transformation. even huge food stocks are not able to (4) rising food
But achievements create new (10) , two of which are prices. The fault lies in how food is released to traders
improving service delivery, particularly to the poor, by government agencies such as the Food Corporation
through greater accountability and expanding the of India (FCI). This problem is apart from FCI’s high
benefits of rapid growth—across sectors, regions, and carrying cost of foodgrains. But this is not the problem
people. at (5).
1. 1) decline 2) policy For example, under the open market sales scheme
3) crisis 4) treaty (OMSS) a fixed quantity of grain, usually in multiples
5) growth of 10 metric tonnes, is sold to traders, flour mills
2. 1) several 2) very and other buyers when supplies are (6) or there is
KUNDAN
3) most 4) much price volatility. But a combination of price rigidity,
5) so terms of sale and the quantity sold under OMSS
3. 1) end 2) deterioration defeats its purpose. One reason for this is the large
3) thus 4) together volume in the hands of very few individual buyers.
5) elsewhere This (7) to perverse economic incentives.
4. 1) asked 2) feared Often, the grain sold under this scheme winds up
3) think 4) spoke back with food (8) age ncie s be cause of price
5) believe differentials (the price at which it is sold and the
5. 1) growth 2) space prevailing market price). This has been observed many
3) gain 4) weakness times in states as diverse as Punjab and Uttar
5) void Pradesh. If the number of buyers is (9) and the
6. 1) questioned 2) dreamed quantity sold to each buyer reduced, or the price fixed
3) arranged 4) plan but the amount of grain that can be bought kept
5) wanted flexible, these problems can be (10).
7. 1) matter 2) place This makes for a sensible menu of options. But it
3) life 4) generation needs careful implementation. And if, for some reason,
5) mark changes are required to suit (11) conditions in different
8. 1) part 2) issues states, the economic logic behind these ideas should
3) humans 4) figment not be lost (12) of.
5) thought 1. 1) index 2) state
9. 1) worried 2) angry 3) scheme 4) rate
3) honoured 4) distinguished 5) value
5) proud 2. 1) affected 2) above
10. 1) impossibilities 2) evaluations 3) immune 4) away
3) challenges 4) comparison 5) separate
5) dangers 3. 1) developed 2) increased
Inc ipient = in its early stages; beginning 3) reported 4) measured
to happen 5) handled

Cloze Test 457
4. 1) arrest 2) identify T urbulenc e = distu rb ance, confusion or

3) find 4) slow conflict
5) stop Bl i gh t = to affect the plant with a
disease; to spoil or ru in
5. 1) this 2) juncture
something
3) all 4) best Im m une = not affected or influenced by
5) hand something
6. 1) nil 2) short R obust = strong and able to survive
3) plenty 4) enough rough treatment
5) least Cal l f o r = to require, demand or need
7. 1) rises 2) leads something
3) gives 4) is V o l at i l e = likely to change suddenly or
sharply; not stable
5) jumps
At h an d = near in place or time
8. 1) hoarding 2) storing Perv er se = showing a delib erate an d
3) supply 4) producing stubborn desire to behave in a
5) procurement way that is wron g,
9. 1) controlled 2) promoted unreasonable or unacceptable
3) constant 4) increased Wi nd up = to end up; to arrive finally in a
5) decreased place
10. 1) neglected 2) solve Overc om e = to succeed in dealing with or
controlling something
3) overcome 4) indicated
K
T o lo se si ght = to fail to con sider
5) highlighted of som ebody/ something; to forget
11. 1) good 2) local so m et h i n g something
3) all 4) similar At t hi s Junc t ure = at a particu lar especially
5) bad important, stage in a series of
12. 1) weight 2) look events
3) value 4) sight Proc urem ent = the process of ob tain in g
5) significant something
Answers
KUNDAN
Passage 1 Passage 8
1. 5 2. 4 3. 2 4. 2 5. 3 1. 5 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 3
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2 6. 5 7. 2 8. 1 9. 2 10. 2
Passage 2 Passage 9
1. 3 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 2 1. 2 2. 1 3. 3 4. 3 5. 3
6. 4 7. 1 8. 2 9. 5 10. 3 6. 2 7. 2 8. 4 9. 3 10. 5
Passage 3 11. 4 12. 5 13. 5 14. 1 15. 3
1. 2 2. 1 3. 5 4. 3 5. 4 Passage 10
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 3 1. 5 2. 5 3. 1 4. 4 5. 4
Passage 4 6. 3 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1
11. 4
1. 2 2. 5 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3
6. 5 7. 2 8. 1 9. 4 10. 2 Passage 11
Passage 5 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 2 5. 5
6. 4 7. 1 8. 3 9. 2 10. 5
1. 1 2. 3 3. 2 4. 2 5. 4
6. 5 7. 3 8. 5 9. 4 10. 2 Passage 12
Passage 6 1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 5 5. 3
6. 5 7. 4 8. 2 9. 1 10. 3
1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 2 5. 4
6. 4 7. 5 8. 2 9. 1 10. 2 Passage 13
Passage 7 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 5 5. 2
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2
1. 3 2. 4 3. 5 4. 1 5. 2
6. 4 7. 1 8. 3 9. 2 10. 5 Passage 14
1. 5 2. 2 3. 5 4. 1 5. 3
6. 5 7. 3 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1

1. 3 2. 1 3. 5 4. 2 5. 3 1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 2 5. 4
6. 1 7. 3 8. 5 9. 2 10. 2 6. 3 7. 1 8. 4 9. 2 10. 2
11. 3 12. 1 13. 5 Passage 31
Passage 16 1. 1 2. 3 3. 3 4. 2 5. 2
1. 4 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 3 6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 5
6. 2 7. 1 8. 4 9. 5 10. 1 Passage 32
11. 4 12. 3 13. 2 14. 5 15. 1
1. 4 2. 2 3. 1 4. 2 5. 3
Passage 17 6. 5 7. 4 8. 3 9. 5 10. 1
1. 5 2. 2 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3 Passage 33
6. 1 7. 3 8. 5 9. 2 10. 4
1. 4 2. 1 3. 5 4. 3 5. 5
Passage 18 6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 5
1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 34
6. 5 7. 3 8. 1 9. 4 10. 2
1. 3 2. 5 3. 2 4. 1 5. 5
Passage 19 6. 3 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1
1. 5 2. 3 3. 2 4. 4 5. 1 Passage 35
6. 3 7. 4 8. 2 9. 1 10. 5
K
1. 5 2. 3 3. 1 4. 4 5. 2
Passage 20 6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2
1. 5 2. 1 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 36
6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 1
1. 2 2. 5 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3
Passage 21 6. 4 7. 2 8. 5 9. 4 10. 1
1. 1 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 11. 3 12. 3 13. 2 14. 1 15. 3
6. 3 7. 4 8. 4 9. 2 10. 5 Passage 37
Passage 22 1. 3 2. 5 3. 1 4. 4 5. 5
1. 3 2. 4 3. 1 4. 2 5. 5 6. 2 7. 1 8. 3 9. 1 10. 4
6. 1 7. 4 8. 3 9. 2 10. 5 11. 3 12. 2 13. 5 14. 1 15. 4
KUNDAN
1. 1 2. 3 3. 5 4. 4 5. 2 1. 1 2. 2 3. 5 4. 4 5. 2
6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2 6. 5 7. 3 8. 1 9. 3 10. 1
1. 4 2. 2 3. 5 4. 3 5. 1 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 3 5. 2
6. 1 7. 3 8. 5 9. 1 10. 2 6. 4 7. 5 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2
11. 3 12. 4 13. 5 11. 1 12. 4 13. 5 14. 3 15. 1
1. 5 2. 1 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3
6. 3 7. 1 8. 3 9. 5 10. 2 6. 1 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 3
1. 3 2. 1 3. 2 4. 4 5. 1 1. 3 2. 1 3. 5 4. 2 5. 2
6. 1 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2 6. 5 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 4
1. 3 2. 2 3. 5 4. 1 5. 4 1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 3 5. 2
6. 2 7. 4 8. 4 9. 1 10. 3 6. 4 7. 2 8. 3 9. 1 10. 5
Passage 28 11. 4 12. 2 13. 5 14. 1 15. 4
1. 2 2. 1 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 Passage 43
6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 2 10. 1 1. 5 2. 2 3. 4 4. 3 5. 1
Passage 29 6. 2 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 4
1. 2 2. 3 3. 5 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 44
6. 1 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 3 1. 1 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 5
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2

Cloze Test 459
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 3 2. 2 3. 5 4. 4 5. 1
6. 4 7. 5 8. 1 9. 3 10. 2 6. 4 7. 5 8. 3 9. 2 10. 1
1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 3 5. 5 1. 2 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2
6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 2 10. 5 6. 1 7. 5 8. 1 9. 2 10. 4
1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 5 5. 3 1. 5 2. 1 3. 2 4. 4 5. 5
6. 1 7. 4 8. 5 9. 2 10. 3 6. 3 7. 3 8. 2 9. 1 10. 2
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 4 2. 2 3. 3 4. 1 5. 2
6. 5 7. 1 8. 2 9. 4 10. 2 6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 3
1. 3 2. 1 3. 5 4. 5 5. 4 1. 2 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 1
6. 1 7. 2 8. 5 9. 1 10. 3 6. 5 7. 3 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5
K
1. 1 2. 2 3. 2 4. 4 5. 3 1. 5 2. 4 3. 1 4. 2 5. 3
6. 1 7. 3 8. 1 9. 4 10. 2 6. 2 7. 4 8. 3 9. 1 10. 5
1. 5 2. 4 3. 2 4. 4 5. 5 1. 2 2. 5 3. 4 4. 2 5. 3
6. 3 7. 1 8. 3 9. 5 10. 4 6. 5 7. 1 8. 3 9. 4 10. 1
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 5 1. 2 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 1
6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 5 6. 2 7. 4 8. 5 9. 1 10. 3
1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 2 2. 1 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3
KUNDAN
6. 2 7. 4 8. 5 9. 1 10. 3 6. 4 7. 5 8. 3 9. 1 10. 4
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 5 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 1
6. 5 7. 2 8. 4 9. 3 10. 1 6. 3 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1
1. 4 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 2 2. 3 3. 1 4. 3 5. 5
6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 2 10. 5 6. 4 7. 2 8. 3 9. 5 10. 4
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 4 2. 2 3. 5 4. 1 5. 5
6. 1 7. 3 8. 2 9. 5 10. 3 6. 3 7. 1 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5
1. 4 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 3 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 5
6. 4 7. 1 8. 5 9. 4 10. 2 6. 3 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 1
1. 5 2. 2 3. 1 4. 4 5. 3 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 1 5. 5
6. 2 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 3 6. 3 7. 4 8. 2 9. 5 10. 2
1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 2 1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 2 5. 1
6. 5 7. 3 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5 6. 4 7. 3 8. 4 9. 3 10. 1
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 3 2. 5 3. 2 4. 1 5. 2
6. 2 7. 3 8. 5 9. 1 51. 4 6. 4 7. 1 8. 3 9. 4 10. 5

1. 2 2. 4 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 5 2. 3 3. 5 4. 2 5. 4
6. 2 7. 3 8. 5 9. 4 10. 1 6. 2 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 3
1. 5 2. 4 3. 3 4. 1 5. 4 1. 1 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 5
6. 5 7. 2 8. 3 9. 2 10. 1 6. 2 7. 2 8. 3 9. 3 10. 3
11. 2 12. 4
K
KUNDAN

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Cloze Test 411

7. 1) gain 2) differ 2. 1) obvious 2) necessary

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Passage 5 Sc an t = hardly enough; not very much

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without authority 10. 1) credited 2) implored

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5. 1) appalling 2) crushing particular, needs to be complimented for this–have

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Cloze Test 415

13. 1) for 2) with 6. 1) companion 2) attitude

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416 Test of English Language

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Cloze Test 417

misfortune, are equally (9) by a pair of true friends. Passage 14

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418 Test of English Language

Abso lv e = to declare that somebody is free of 3) maintaining 4) doubling

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Cloze Test 419

Passage 16 13. 1) light 2) day

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420 Test of English Language

7. 1) projection 2) criticism 5. 1) maintained 2) illustrated

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Cloze Test 421

5. 1) opposite 2) found 8. 1) distinctive 2) appreciated

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422 Test of English Language

5. 1) thinking 2) insights when East Asia was experiencing (8) difficulties.

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Cloze Test 423

Pro ne = likely to suffer from , do or Passage 24

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424 Test of English Language

13. 1) proposing 2) developing 9. 1) ignorant 2) alert

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Cloze Test 425

9. 1) custom 2) capacity 2. 1) for 2) was

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426 Test of English Language

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Cloze Test 427

Gobble up = to use up all of something very 9. 1) closely 2) previously

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428 Test of English Language

9. 1) annual 2) weekly making a profit through changes in

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Cloze Test 429

Urge = to recommend or advise something discussion and without quarrelling

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430 Test of English Language

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Cloze Test 431

8. 1) height 2) cause D em o n st rat e = to show something clearly by