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FACTORS AFFECTING THE STUDY HABITS OF THE

GRADE 12 ABM OF BOGNUYAN NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL

A Research Paper

Submitted to Ms. Hannah Cinkee O. Nocum

Senior High School Department

Bognuyan National High School

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Subject

Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

April Joy De Belen

May 2023
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DEDICATION

To God Almighty the Creator, our foundation of inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and
understanding. He has been the source of our strength thru to this program and on his
wings only have are soared.

To beloved adviser teacher, Mrs. Arleen kay S. Sapungan who devotedly spent her
time and effort in giving knowledge and pieces of advice to have the best results in this
study.

To my cousins helping me to find a reliable Review of related literature, Mr. Aldin D.

Callao and Aigie Ann Sabareza. Especially for their understanding, motivation and supported
me to accomplish this research study.

To the very supportive partner Engr. Chrimson R. Sace who believed to my capabilities
and for giving a courage to face the reality.

To my beloved grandfather and grandmother, Eustaquio Sol De Belen and Remedios

Larga De Belen who passed away but gave a motivation advice and strength.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This study will not be complete without expressing gratitude to some people and to

my source of power and energy whose support and encouragement motivated through the

process of the research.

First, I would like to thank Lord Jesus Christ for giving me much strength, wisdom,

and compassion to finish my research, even though I’m having a bad time to comply the

requirements on time still He gave me Strength to finish everything, I gave thanks to my

Lord who’s always there for me. I will not fear because God is with me (Psalm 118:6) thank

you Lord Jesus Christ for giving me Life Empowered through Values Excellence and

Leadership.

I also express my deep gratitude to my friends inspite of their busy schedule they

still share experience and knowledge as well as the Senior High School students who take

time to answer my survey.

Much respect and gratitude go to Ma'am Hannah Cinkee O. Nocum for her guidance,

constructive feedback, support, and encouragement throughout the process of the

research. I also want to thank all the teachers of Bognuyan National High school, who

shaped my knowledge and helped me to develop my own way of thinking.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminaries Page No.

Title Page ................................................................................... i

Dedication................................................................................. ii

Acknowledgment........................................................................... iii

Table of Contents......................................................................... iv

Chapter I – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction..................................................................................

Statement of the Problem..............................................................

Significance of the Study..............................................................

Scope and Delimitation................................................................

Conceptual Framework.....................................................................

Hypothesis................................................................................................

Definition of Terms...................................................................................

Chapter II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

Chapter III

Research Design.........................................................................

Research Locale............................................................................

Population and Sample..................................................................

Research Instrument…................................................................

Data Gathering Procedure............................................................

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Data Analysis Procedure..............................................................

Chapter IV

Findings, analysis and interpretation………………………………………..

Chapter V

Summary of findings……………………………………………………..

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..

Recommendation……………………………………………………..

References………………………………………………………………..
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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the Introduction, Background of the Study, Statement of the

Problem, Definition of terms, Conceptual framework, Scope and Limitations, and Significance

of the Study.

Introduction

A student’s level of intelligence is said to be reflected by the grades that one attains.

When a student gets a high grade, it is concluded that one has learned a lot, and if not, the

student would most likely have attained lesser learning. Nevertheless, there are numerous

factors that greatly affect the grades of every student such as the intelligence quotient,

study habits, age, year, social status, etc. But it has long been recognized that in the process

of learning the study habits of the students play an important role in their performance

academically.

Most of the problem that contributes to poor performance in tests and examination

were lack of proper study.  Most students are devoting less time to their studies because of

many factors that could be taken account for. Rec

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Statement of the Problem

This research aims to determine the factors affecting the study habits of grade 12 ABM

in Bognuyan National High school specifically, this seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors affecting the study habits of Grade 12 ABM of Bognuyan

National High school

2. How do these factors affect their academic performance?

3. What are the study habits of Grade 12 ABM?

Significance of the Study

This research aims to benefit students, specifically GRADE 12 ABM, and the

administration of Bognuyan National High school in a way for them to be able to

understand the factors in the students’ study habits. It is important to have a clear

understanding on what hinders and improves one’s educational achievement. Results

concluded in this research can aid the school administration in enhancing the curriculum

and strategies toward a more effective delivery of learning.  Teachers will also be help in

understanding better diversity of learning of their students and develop more effective

teaching strategies, and teacher-student relationship in the educational institution.

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Scope and Delimitation

This study limits its coverage only to the Grade 12 ABM students of Bognuyan

National High school. The study will focus on the factors affecting the study habits on the

students. No students from other courses in the said school. And no student from other

schools was included in the study.

Conceptual Framework

Based on the preceding literature, studies and the ideas taken from them, a

conceptual model was developed to see the introspection and the process that be conducted

for the research.

Figure 1

Conceptual Paradigm

Input Process Output

- What are the

factors affecting
the study habits of Factors Affecting the
Grade 12 ABM of Questionnaire Study Habits of the
Bognuyan National Grade 12 ABM of
Data gathering Bognuyan National
High school
- How do these High school
Interpretation
factors affect their
academic Analysis
performance?
- What are the
study habits of
Grade 12 ABM?
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On the input it contains the factors affecting the study habits, how do these factors

affect their academic performance and the study habits of Grade 12 ABM.

For the process it contains the process of the research for how the research start and

finish.

Lastly the output is the results produce.

Research Hypothesis

Based on the concept discussed, this hypothesis is presented:

The Grade 12 ABM students had experience similar factors affecting to their study

habits.

Definition of Terms

This section provides conceptual and operational definition for better

understanding of the essential terms used in this study.

Senior High School Students are the learners additional two years of the k to 12

programs of the Department of Education.

Social Media are computer-mediated technologies that allow the creating and

sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual

communities and networks.

Study Habits is the behaviors used when preparing for tests or learning academic

material.
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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

To enlighten the path of this study, articles from different journals, studies from

different books related to this study was cited.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter aims to provide strong foundation to this study which contains

gathered research works of different literature and references by the researcher. It covers

the review of relevant literatures which is explained accordingly.

Study habits are termed as the methods of study of students. Study habits are

student’s ways of studying whether systematic, efficient or inefficient (Ayodele & Adebiyi,

2013) implying that efficient study habits produce positive academic performance while

inefficient study habits lead to academic failure.  

According to Kyoshaba, 2009 the Academic excellence or achievement plays an

important role in an individual placement, be it in the academic institutions or job

placement. Due to this, many people are concerned with the ways they can enhance their

academic achievement. The emphasis on academic excellence which is also prevalent

worldwide has encouraged many studies about the conditions promoting it. The role of
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academic achievement as one of the predictors of one’s life success and also in the aspect

of academic placement in schools to higher institutions as well as the level of employability

in one’s career is inevitable.

According to Ferrari, et al, (2005), it often results in unsatisfactory performance

(Klassen, Krawchuk & Rajani, 2008).

Olubiyi (2012) noted that these days’ students are so engrossed in the social media

that they are almost 24 hours online. Even in classrooms and lecture theatres, it has been

observed that some students are always busy pinging, going or Facebooking, while lectures

are on. Times that ought to be channeled towards learning, academic research and

innovating have been crushed by the passion for meeting new friends online, and most

times busy discussing trivial issues. Hence most students’ academics suffer setback as a

result of distraction from the social media.

As stated by Obi, et al, (2012), it was observed that the use of these sites also affects

students’ use of English and grammar. The students are used to short forms of writing

words in their chat rooms; they forget and use the same in the classrooms. They use things

like 4 in place of for, U in place of You, D in place of the etc. and this could affect their class

assessment. Social networking sites although has been recognized as an important resource

for education today, studies however show that students use social networking sites such as

Facebook for fun, to kill time, to meet existing friends or to make new ones (Ellison,

Steinfeld, and Lampe 2007). Although it has been put forward that student spends much

time on participating in social networking activities, with many students blaming the various
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social networking sites for their steady decrease in grade point averages (Kimberly, Jeong

and Lee, 2009), it also shows that only few students are aware of the academic

and professional networking opportunities the sites offered.

According to Kuppuswamy and Shankar (2010), social network websites grab

attention of the students and then diverts it towards non-educational and inappropriate

actions including useless chatting.

Trusovet et al., (2009) noted that the Internet is no doubt evolution of technology,

but specifically social networks are extremely unsafe for teenagers, social networks become

hugely common and well-known in past few years.

There may be a lot of factors that can affect the study habit of one student, but it’s

all depended to him on how he can manage to do his studies without minding the

hindrances and acquire study habits in the end.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

The study conducted by Marcus Credé and Nathan R. Kuncel (2008) at the University

of Albany reveals that study habit, skill, and attitude inventories and constructs were found

to rival standardized tests and previous grades as predictors of academic performance,

yielding substantial incremental validity in predicting academic performance. The meta-

analysis examined the construct validity and predictive validity of 10 study skill constructs

for college students. They found that study skill inventories and constructs are largely

independent of both high school grades and scores on standardized admissions tests but

moderately related to various personality constructs; these results were inconsistent with
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previous theories. Study motivation and study skills exhibit the strongest relationships with

both grade point average and grades in individual classes. They also said that Academic

specific anxiety was found to be an important negative predictor of performance. In

addition, significant variation in the validity of specific inventories is shown. Scores on

traditional study habit and attitude inventories are the most predictive of performance,

whereas scores on inventories based on the popular depth-of-processing perspective are

shown to be least predictive of the examined criteria. Overall, study habit and skill

measures improve prediction of academic performance more than any other non-cognitive

individual difference variable examined to date and should be regarded as the third pillar of

academic success.

A study conducted by University of Kentucky was to determine if the college success

can be improved with the Student Attitude Inventory (SAI). The inventory was developed in

Britain and contains 47 items which attempt to identify students in higher education based

on: (1) motivation, (2) study methods, (3) examination technique, and (4) lack of

distractions toward academic work.

Me Comb et al (1990) suggested that students learning achievement depends on

their attitude, motivation performance for success, and study habit or skills that people

employ to pursue the desire outcome. Moreover, there were some factors like the parental

involvement, socio-economic status of the learner, and teacher’s personality or approach to

students that can affect the learning and as well as their study habits. It has a big factor of a

student’s learning the involvement of their parents in their learning process. Whenever the
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parents get involved in the study-life of their children, there was a great factor that urges

the child to learn and be interested in schooling. In this way the child will feel supported in

any way as much as he can do for his studying. If the parents will always be there to urge

their children in their study habit, then the child will respond to it positively. Thus, having

the parents’ child always on their side will have the tendency for a child to always lean onto

their parents’ every time and not standing anymore on their own. So, the advantages and

the disadvantages of this factor revealed.

Furthermore, the socio-economic status can also affect the study habit of the

learner. In fact, this factor places a big challenge to the learners because this shows their

social stratification whether they belong to the upper, middle, or lower class. It can affect to

their study habits for some time they can’t continue their studying because take this

example, if they don’t have an electricity in their place, they can’t study their lessons

especially during nighttime, so it really hinders to their learning. Another thing is financial,

when this aspect will be opened, everyone felt down. They will come to think to a point that

because of this financial problem they can’t continue to buy the necessary things needed

for school and so there were no reason for them to study since they don’t have the

materials to be used. In this case, the level of their interest in learning decreases.

Everyone cannot be brilliant, but everyone can learn how to study. Effective study

habits, even highly intelligent student failed due to inefficient work and lack of knowledge

on how to study effectively. Important skills for study must be learned and practiced.
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In some cases, Fielden (2004) stated that good study habits help the student in

critical reflection in skills outcomes such as selecting, analyzing, critiquing, and synthesizing.

While in the study of Nneji (2002) he added that study habits are learning tendencies that

enable students work privately.

While in Dumayag’s (2009) point of view, “the effective study skills are associated

with positive outcomes across multiple academic content areas and for diverse learners.

This is to describe an information-processing perspective on the contribution of study skills

to academic competence, and to identify evidence-based strategies that are effective in

helping students to improve their study skills. Study habit, skill, and attitude inventories and

constructs were found to rival standardized tests and previous grades as predictors of

academic performance, yielding substantial incremental validity in predicting academic

performance. Academic specific anxiety was found to be an important negative predictor of

performance. Overall, study habit and skill measures improve prediction of academic

performance, more than any other non-cognitive individual difference variable examined to

date and should be regarded as the third pillar of academic success”.

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Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents information about the method of the study. The overall

design of the study, research instrument, research locale, data gathering, and data

analysis procedures are presented in this section.

Research Design

This study determined the factors affecting of study habits among the Senior

Highschool Student in Bognuyan National Highschool, the researcher used Quantitative

Research Type. According to Creswell (2002) the quantitative research design is the

process of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and writing the results of the study. Using

the research design, the researcher will be able to dig deeper and elaborate more for the

understanding of the topic.

This research design was chosen to ensure that the future readers of this study will

be able to gain new information that will help not just only in their studies but also in their

daily lives.

The Quantitative data were gathered from the information provided by the

respondent in the survey questionnaires of Grade 12 ABM students by identifying factor's

Affecting the study habits.

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Research Locale

This research is conducted on Bognuyan National High school located on Brgy,

Bognuyan Gasan Marinduque. The researcher chooses this place because the respondent

needed are enrolled in Bognuyan National High school

Figure 2

Bognuyan National High School

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Population and Sample

The respondents of this study were fifty (50) Grade 12 ABM students of Bognuyan

National High school. There were forty-one (41) ABM - A students and nine (9) ABM - B

students. They were the chosen respondents because this research focuses to the Grade 12

ABM.

Research Instrument

 The following are used in the study.

 Ball pen

 Paper

 Desktop

 Cellphone

Data Gathering Procedure

In administering the questionnaire, the researcher was using the time allotted for

vacant to avoid destruction of class discussion. The research instruments we're personally

distributed to the respondents. The respondents were given enough time to answer the

question. The questionnaire retrieved from the respondent on the same day in the

institution. After the data gathering, the researcher now collected it for tallying the scores.

Data Analysis Procedure

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The data collected from the survey will be analyzed using descriptive statistics.

The result will be presented into tables to facilitate the interpretation of the data.

Chapter IV

This chapter presents the findings, analysis and interpretation of data gathered,

whose main object is to find out the factors affecting the study habits of Grade 12 ABM of

Bognuyan National High school

More specifically, the researcher sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors affecting the study habits of Grade 12 ABM of Bognuyan

National High school

2. How do these factors affect their academic performance

3. What are the study habits of grade 12 ABM?

Factor's Affecting the study Frequency Percentage

habits.

Poor family structure 22 44

Late of sleeping because of using 9 18

cellphone

Achievement motivation 7 14

Poor study habits 7 14

Low self-concept 4 8

Lack of encouragement 1 2
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Table 1. Factor's affecting the study habits of Grade 12 ABM of Bognuyan National High

school.

Table 1. Shows that (22%) of the respondent Factor's Affecting the study habits favored

most is poor family structure. Followed by late of sleeping because of using cellphone with

(9%) of the respondent said yes. Then both (14%) of the respondent choose achievement

motivation and poor study habits. (8%) of the respondent choose low self-concept. And

(2%) choose lack of encouragement.

How do these factors affect their academic performance? Frequency Percentage

Does late of sleeping because of using cellphone is not helping to achieve 20 40

good academic performance?

Does poor family structure cause of a bad academic performance? 10 20

Does lack of encouragement cause a bad academic performance? 9 18

Do poor study habits is cause of low academic performance? 5 10

Does achievement motivation help you to have a better academic 4 8

performance?

Are low self-concept helps you to have a better academic performance 2 4

Table 2. Response of the respondent about how do these Factor's effect on their academic

performance.

Table, 2 shows that (40%) of the respondent said late of sleeping because of using.

Cellphone was not helping to achieve a great academic performance. Followed by poor

family structure with (20%), then lack of encouragement got (9%) and poor study habits got
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(10%) from the respondent. While achievement motivation got (8%) from the respondent

and they believe achievement motivation has a great contribution to have a better

academic performance. And low self-concept got (4%)

Study habits of Grade 12 ABM. Frequency Percentage

Study with a group 26 52

Time management 11 22

Listening in discussion 6 12

Reading a book 4 8

Ask for help 2 4

Minimize distraction 1 2

Table 3. Study habits of Grade 12 ABM

Table 3. Shows that (52%) of the respondent believes study with group is the study habits

they need. Then (22%) choose time management as their study habits. Followed by listening

in discussion with (12%) . Then reading a book got (8%) and ask for help got (5%) from the

respondent. And for the minimize distraction got (2%)

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Chapter V

Summary, Conclusion, and recommendations

This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusion and

recommendations based on the data analyzed in the previous chapter. The factor's affecting

the study habits of the senior high school students of Bognuyan National High school S.Y

2023 researched in order to give information about the factors affecting the study habits of

Grade 12 ABM.

Summary of findings

The factor's affecting the study habits are low self-concept, poor study habits,

achievement motivation late of sleeping and the highest percentage 44 % which describe

the poor family structure, and the researcher observe that the senior high school student

has poor family structure which is mostly effect on their study habits. And lack of

encouragement which got lowest percentage (2%)

The students believe that late of sleeping using a cellphone has a bad influence on their

academic performance which got a highest percentage (40%) and the researcher find out

that the senior high school students can't achieve the great academic performance because
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of late of sleeping using a cellphone .and low self-concept got (4%) which is got a lowest

percentage.

The student believe study with group is the study habits they want in order to achieve

the great academic performance. However, student believe time management is important

too. And lastly minimize the distraction got a lowest percentage from the students.

Conclusion

The following inference were attained in the stated on the summary of findings.

 Majority of the senior high school students believe the factor effect on their

study habits is poor family structure followed by late of sleeping because of

using a cellphone.

 Majority of the senior high school students said achievement motivation

and poor study habits is also the factors affecting on their study habits.

 Majority of the senior high school students said late of sleeping because of

using cellphone is bad for their academic performance.

 Majority of the senior high school students believe that study with group is

one of study habits they need to use and enhance.

Recommendation

For the teacher

 Advice students about the importance of family structure

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 Encourage the students to minimize the time for late of sleeping because of

using cellphone.

 Promote the study habits they need such as study with group and time

management.

For the students

 Communicate to the family and build strong family structure.

 Minimize the time for late of sleeping because of using a cellphone.

 Have a time management.

For the future researcher

 Understand the objective.

 Do background research.

 Analyze the result.

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REFERENCES

Books

Çapan, B. E. (2010). Relationship among perfectionism, academic procrastination and life

satisfaction of university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1665–1671.

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delays among adults. North American Journal of Psychology, 7, 1–6.

Hoyle, E. (1986). Policies of School Management. Suffolk. The press ltd.

Klassen R.M., Krawchuk, L. L., Rajani. S. (2008) Academic procrastination of

undergraduates: Low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher levels of

procrastination. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 33, 915–931.

Kuppuswamy, S., & Narayan, P. (2010). The Impact of Social Networking Websites on

the Education of Youth.  International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking

(IJVCSN), 2(1), 67-79.

Oche M and Aminu A. (2010). Nigeria: Social Networking and the Future of Students.

Obi N. C., Bulus L. D. Adamu G. M. & Sala’at A. B. (2012). The Need for Safety

Consciousness among Youths on Social Networking Sites. Journal of Applied

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Trusov, M., Bucklin, R., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of word of-mouth versus traditional

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Van Eerde, W. (2003). A meta-analytically derived nomological network of

procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1401– 1418.

Ali, N., Jusof, K., Ali, S., Mokhtar, N., & Salamat, A.S.A. (2009). THE FAC-
TORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE AT UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI
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Internet Links

Kyoshab, M. (2009). Factors affecting academic performance of undergraduate students

at Uganda Christian University. Retrieved December 4, 2013 from:

http://mak.ac.ug/documents/Makfiles/theses/Kyoshaba%2520Martha.pdf.

Creedé M. & Kuncel, N. (February 21, 2009). Study Habits, Skills, and Attitudes: The

Third Pillar Supporting Collegiate Academic Performance. Retrieved from:

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121531774/abstract?CRETRY=1&

SRETRY=0.

In every school setting, students are perpetually in search of academic success.

(December 7, 2013). Study Habits and Students’ Academic Performance. Retrieved

from https://eduresearchhome.wordpress.com/study-habit-and- students-academic-

performance/.

Obar, Jonathan A.; Wildman, Steve (2015). Social media definition and the

governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue. Retrieved from:

doi: 10.1016/j.telpol.2015.07.014
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The Phenomenological Perspective. (December 9, 2009). Gestalt Theory. Retrieved

from http://gestalttheory.com/.
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Appendix E

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

The researchers, April Joy De Belen is grade 12

student in Bognuyan National High School, live in Brgy.

2X2 PHOTO,
Bachao Ilaya, Gasan, Marinduque academic track FORMAL ATTIRE,
PLAIN WHITE
accountancy business management BACKGROUND
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