Awareness of malaria among adults (18-45)

at rural areas of Selaqui, Dehradun

GROUP MEMBER NAMES:- ERP ID:-

Ngawang Dechen (0221MBA147)
Vishakha Gupta (0221MBA252)
Sakshi Bukher (0221MBA160)
Sonali (0221MBA316)
Mayuri Majumder (0221MBA231)
Soumya (0221MBA233)

Course: MBA
Section: D

Submitted To: Dr. Shailja Khanduri

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 ABSTRACT
The present study to assess the awareness on Malaria and its risk factors among adults of
rural area in Dehradun.

Objectives:
To know the awareness of malaria among the adult.
To study the knowledge of malaria among the adult.

Methodology
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve research problems. It includes steps,
procedures and strategies for gathering and analyzing the data in a research investigation.

Research Approach
Quantitative research approach is used for this study.

Research Design
It is the structure or layout of the research.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.no Topic Pages

1. INTRODUCTION 3-4

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5

3. METHOD 6-7

4. RESULTS 8-11

5. CONCLUSION 12

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 INTRODUCTION

Malaria is a communicable protozoal disease caused by protozoan of the genus plasmodium

and transmitted to man by species of ineffective female anopheles mosquitoes called vectors
or carriers.
Every year malaria account for nearly 3 million deaths all over the world. A typical attack
comprises three distinct stages: cold stage, hot stage and sweating stage. The clinical features
of malaria vary from mild to severe and complicated, according to the species of parasite
present.
Malaria is worldwide with 143 countries being Malarious in 1950, annual incidence was 250
million with 2.5 million deaths. Now 100 million causes are reported of which 1 million
result into death.
WHO in 2008 reported that India had an estimated 10.6 malaria cases in 2006, accounting for
60% of the malaria incidence in South East Asia. India is among the countries classified as
having 95% of the population with moderate to high risk of malaria in South East Asia.
It was identified that Mosquito borne diseases particularly malaria is becoming most dreaded
health problems in Dehradun district. The climatic factors particularly temperature and
rainfall may alter the distribution of vector species.

Terms
Adult: A person who is fully grown and developed of age group between 18-60 years.
Rural area: It means belonging to or relating to a village.
Malaria: It is protozoan disease caused by infection with parasites and transmitted to man by
certain species of infection female Anopheline mosquito.

• In 2021, nearly half of the world's population was at risk of malaria.

• That year, there were an estimated 247 million cases of malaria worldwide.
• The estimated number of malaria deaths stood at 619 000 in 2021.
• The WHO African Region carries a disproportionately high share of the global
malaria burden. In 2021, the Region was home to 95% of malaria cases and 96% of
malaria deaths. Children under 5 accounted for about 80% of all malaria deaths in the
Region.

The WHO Global technical strategy for malaria 2016–2030, updated in 2021, provides a
technical framework for all malaria-endemic countries. It is intended to guide and support
regional and country programmes as they work towards malaria control and elimination.

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The strategy sets ambitious but achievable global targets, including:

• reducing malaria case incidence by at least 90% by 2030

• reducing malaria mortality rates by at least 90% by 2030
• eliminating malaria in at least 35 countries by 2030
• preventing a resurgence of malaria in all countries that are malaria-free.

Malaria in India is also characterised by local and focal occurrences; and achievements in
reducing malaria mortality and morbidity remain fragile. For example, there was an increase
in cases and deaths in 2014. And in 1976, a resurgence of malaria with 6.46 million cases
from 0.1 million cases was attributed to inadequate health infrastructure and diminishing
monitoring and logistics in many parts of the country.

A National Framework for Malaria Elimination (NFME) 2016-2030, was launched in

February 2016 with a vision to eliminate malaria from the country by 2030 and contribute to
improved health and quality of life and alleviation of poverty. The NFME has clearly defined
goals, objectives, strategies, targets and timelines to serve as a roadmap for advocating and
planning malaria elimination in the country in a phased manner.

Uttarakhand CM launches plan to eradicate malaria from state by 2022

As a part of ‘malaria elimination mission 2022’, the health department plans to bring down
the number of malaria patients to zero by 2020 and prevent return of the disease by 2022.
As per the health department’s data, Uttarakhand has registered 74 percent decline in malaria
cases from 2012 to 2017. In 2012, 1,948 cases of malaria were found in the state.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review is a key step in the research process. It involves the identification, selection,
critical analysis and reporting of existing information on the topic of interest. It established
need for the study, methodology development of tool and structure teach programme.

Malaria, together with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, is one of the world’s most vital public
health challenges compromising development in poverty-stricken countries and accounting
for up to an overwhelming 2.7 million deaths per annum (Gardner et al., 2002).

In 1998, The World Health Organisation (WHO) established a global partnership called
Roll Back Malaria (RBM) in an attempt to halve the world’s malaria frequency by 2010.
Apart from RBM, a number of promising antimalarial drug and vaccine discovery projects
have also been launched. This includes the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) funded by
a number of organisations including The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, for the
development of novel antimalarials.

Despite extensive efforts, not a single vaccine against any of the human parasitic diseases is
currently available. Some malaria experts, however, remain adamant that vaccination may be
the most valuable strategy for reducing mortality associated with malaria (Miller and
Hoffman, 1998).

The medieval Italian term, mala aria, meaning "bad air", or commonly known as march fever
(Reiter, 2000), was used to describe the flu-like symptoms, such as headaches, fever,
shivering, joint pain, vomiting, haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, haemoglobin in the urine,
retinal damage, and convulsions of patients infected with malaria (Beare et al., 2006). It was
not until 1880 that the true cause of malaria was discovered (ANON, Nobel Media 2013).

According to the reports of Health Department, Uttarakhand (India), in district

Dehradun, during the last 12 years, the epidemiological pattern of malaria transmission has
been unstable and seasonal from place to place because of differences in altitude and rainfall
patterns (unpublished data). More serious is the effect of deforestation in the hill areas in
present scenario and thereby its effect on the temperature governing sporogony. Based on
survey application on malaria incidence during the last decade or so minor changes in the
transmission parameters such as mosquito population density and longevity could have a
sustainable impact on Plasmodium incubation rate and mosquito vector activities.

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 METHOD
This section deals with research approach, research design, variable, setting of the study,
population, sample size, sampling technique, sampling criteria, data collection, description of
tools, plan for data analysis.

Research Approach:

A quantitative research approach involves collecting and analysing numerical data to answer
research questions and test hypotheses. It typically follows a structured and systematic
process, allowing for statistical analysis and generalization of findings to a larger population.

Variables:

Variables refer to the concepts or characteristics that are being measured, observed, or
manipulated. They are the elements that can vary or change in a study. Variables can be
broadly classified into two types:

Independent Variables (IV): These are the variables that the researcher manipulates or
controls in order to observe their effect on other variables. The independent variable is often
denoted as "X" in research studies. For example, in a study examining the effect of different
teaching methods on student performance, the teaching method would be the independent
variable.

Dependent Variables (DV): These are the variables that are being measured or observed to
determine the effect of the independent variable. The dependent variable is often denoted as
"Y" in research studies. Using the previous example, the student performance would be the
dependent variable.

Demographic variables: in research refer to characteristics of individuals or groups that are

used to categorize and describe them based on certain attributes. These variables provide
information about the participants' background, sociodemographic characteristics, and other
relevant factors that may influence the research outcomes. Demographic variables are
commonly collected in surveys, questionnaires, and other research instruments.

Target Population:

The target population of the present study includes the peoples of 18-45 years adult of rural
area of Dehradun (selaqui).

Accessible population:

Accessible population of the present study includes the 38 adults in rural area of Dehradun.

Samples size:

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The sample size of the study was 38 samples and who were in Dehradun. Data collected and
fulfil the inclusion criteria.

Sampling Technique:

Questionnaire:

A questionnaire is a research instrument used to gather data from individuals or groups by

asking a series of predetermined questions. It is a common method in quantitative research,
although it can also be used in qualitative studies. Questionnaires are designed to collect
standardized data in a structured and systematic manner. Data collection procedure:

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RESULTS

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 CONCLUSION

Conclusions were derived from finding and are the synthesis of

findings. To form the reasoning, creative formation of meaningful
from pieces of information obtaining through data analysis and
findings.
The following conclusions were drawn on the basis of study to assess
the awareness and knowledge of malaria among adult.
Knowledge deficit regarding malaria exiting in varying degree in the
adults in various area. Since the knowledge of malaria among adult is
known through the government source.
The adults are enthusiastic in seeking the information on malaria was
interesting.

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