The effects

of mutations

WHAT IS
MUTATION?
 mutation
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of
an organism. Mutations can result from errors
in DNA replication during cell division,
exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
Germline mutations (that occur in eggs and
sperm) can be passed on to offspring, while
somatic mutations (that occur in body cells)
are not passed on.
are mutations good
or bad?
 ARE MUTATIONS
GOOD OR BAD?
Wolverine Four arms One leg
 "GOOD" MUTATIONS
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
Cough!

PENICILLIN

"PENICILLIN RESISTANCE"
ANTI-BIOTIC RESISTANCE "GOOD MUTATION"
 "BAD" MUTATION
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
CYSTIC THICK MUCUS HARD TO BREATH
FIBROSIS

CYSTIC FIBROSIS "BAD" MUTATION

GENETIC
MUTATIONS
GENETIC MUTATIONS
An individual’s growth and
development is affected by the
genes they inherit from their
parents.
CHROMOSOME
MUTATIONS
 CHROMOSOME
MUTATIONS
Sometimes chromosomes can change. These
changes are called mutations and can occur quite
naturally. A mutation can cause changes in an
organism’s characteristics and alter its growth
and development.
EFFECTS OF
MUTATIONS
 EFFECTS OF
MUTATIONS

The majority of mutations have neither

negative nor positive effects on the organism
in which they occur. These mutations are
called neutral mutations. Examples include
silent point mutations. They are neutral
because they do not change the amino acids
in the proteins they encode.
 SUMMARY
MUTATIONS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR EVOLUTION TO OCCUR BECAUSE THEY
INCREASE GENETIC VARIATION AND THE POTENTIAL FOR INDIVIDUALS TO
DIFFER.

THE MAJORITY OF MUTATIONS ARE NEUTRAL IN THEIR EFFECTS ON THE

ORGANISMS IN WHICH THEY OCCUR.

BENEFICIAL MUTATIONS MAY BECOME MORE COMMON THROUGH NATURAL

SELECTION.

HARMFUL MUTATIONS MAY CAUSE GENETIC DISORDERS OR CANCER.

 REVIEW
1.WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF MUTATION?

2. WHAT USUALLY CAUSES CANCER?

3. GIVE THE THREE MUTATIONS THAT ARE

CONNECTED TO MUTATION EFFECTS
THANK YOU!

miss ko na siya hehe