COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTER STUDIES AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
Building Technology 2

REPORT DIGEST

Name : CELEBRE, LORRAINE JOYCE J.

Subject Code : ARBT02
Course Title : Building Technology 2
Semester : 2nd Semester
School Year : 2021-2022
Topic : SITE WORKS

TOPIC 1. SITE WORKS

- This term refers to the effort involved on a particular site in preparation of construction or building of
a certain project.
- Site works include land surveying, demolition of non-essential existing structures, soil analysis and
testing, geotechnical analysis, land clearing, leveling, grading, termiticides and soil treatment,
compaction, site excavation and earthwork, underground service, and mapping.

a.) Soil Test

- The goal of soil testing is to provide an accurate assessment of the soil's fertility and to know what
kind of foundation systems to be used in the construction building.
- Soil condition is subjected to change, so it is important to conduct a structural analysis first or check the
history of the land area.
- Foundation system really depends on the recommendation of the structural engineer after a soil testing
or geotechnical analysis has been conducted.

A Report Digest for SITE WORKS Submitted to: Arch. Aldrin Ron C. Mamaril, UAP
Celebre, Lorraine Joyce J. Instructor, Building Technology 2
2019-2-00138 – ARCH 202 Department of Architecture / COECSA
 What is the most recommended type of soil in construction?
- Because of its optimum combination of silt, sand, and clay, “Loam” is the best soil type for
construction. It brings together the finest of all of their features to create the optimum balance for a
foundation. Loam is a versatile material that does not easily shift, expand, or contract, and adapts well to
the presence of water.

b.) Demolition
- This term means the removal of actual site components such as water and electricity supply, drainage
systems, securing adjoining properties, and removing waste.

c.) Underground Services

- If you're digging or disturbing the ground, be careful not to break subsurface utilities. Underground
electrical wires are particularly dangerous since they resemble pipelines and are unable to discern if they
are live just by looking at them.

A Report Digest for SITE WORKS Submitted to: Arch. Aldrin Ron C. Mamaril, UAP
Celebre, Lorraine Joyce J. Instructor, Building Technology 2
2019-2-00138 – ARCH 202 Department of Architecture / COECSA
d.) Mapping

- Mapping can be done manually using mapping instruments such as a utility locator to identify existing
utilities, conducting pipes, or tracer wires, as well as their estimated depth from the surface where the
project will take part.

e. ) Land or Site Surveying

- This term is used to identify property borders, compute land areas, and determine the exact
placement and position of a building or structure. This includes surveying tools such as measuring
tape, surveying chains, arrow, peg, ranging rods, plumb bomb, theodolite, and other global
navigation satellite systems.

- A land surveying professional is called a Land Surveyor.

f. ) Site Clearing

- The removal of all items of a land area that obstruct the development process is known as site clearing. Any
construction project starts with this step.

- It should ensure that the area is free from any hazards, obstacles or unsightly mess.

g.) Site Excavation and Backfilling

- Excavation is the procedure of using tools, equipment, or explosives to move items like dirt, rock, or other
materials. Earthwork, trenching, wall shafts, tunneling, and underground are all part of it.

- When there is excavation, there is always a corresponding backfilled.

- To support and strengthen a structure, backfilling is the act of reusing or refilling soil that is removed during
the excavation of foundations, ground carrying slabs, or other groundworks.

- Excavation for a foundation can range from 3 to 4 days on up to 3 weeks.

A Report Digest for SITE WORKS Submitted to: Arch. Aldrin Ron C. Mamaril, UAP
Celebre, Lorraine Joyce J. Instructor, Building Technology 2
2019-2-00138 – ARCH 202 Department of Architecture / COECSA
h. ) Site Compaction

- When particles are forced together to limit the air space between them, compaction occurs. Highly compacted
soils have very few spaces between them, resulting in soil with a higher unit weight.

- Site compaction is important because it increases the soil's shear strength.

A Report Digest for SITE WORKS Submitted to: Arch. Aldrin Ron C. Mamaril, UAP
Celebre, Lorraine Joyce J. Instructor, Building Technology 2
2019-2-00138 – ARCH 202 Department of Architecture / COECSA
i.) Anti- Termite Treatment
- Before and after construction, anti-termite treatment is a chemical operation that is conducted on the
soil, masonry, wood, and electrical fixtures to offer a chemical barrier against subterranean or wood-
nesting termites.

j.) Stakes and Batter boards

Batter boards are used to help ensure your project is level and square. These projects include fences, patios,
decks, concrete pads, foundations and more. While wooden stakes serve as reference points for either vertical
or horizontal positions, or for both.

Quick Illustrations of how to make and use batter boards source from:
Lowe’s Home Improvement (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZJ6bEn0HQY)

A Report Digest for SITE WORKS Submitted to: Arch. Aldrin Ron C. Mamaril, UAP
Celebre, Lorraine Joyce J. Instructor, Building Technology 2
2019-2-00138 – ARCH 202 Department of Architecture / COECSA
 The use of batter boards ensures that the foundation walls are all at the same angle. 3 to 4 feet distant from
the building line, stakes are driven.

A Report Digest for SITE WORKS Submitted to: Arch. Aldrin Ron C. Mamaril, UAP
Celebre, Lorraine Joyce J. Instructor, Building Technology 2
2019-2-00138 – ARCH 202 Department of Architecture / COECSA
k.) Difference of Natural Ground Level and Natural Grade Level

i. Natural Ground Level

- pertains to the site's natural level before to any excavation or filling either before or as part of any intended
development.

ii. Natural Grade Line

- refers to the final elevation of the ground surface following man-made adjustments to the ground surface
such as grading, grubbing, filling, or excavating.

Siteworks are essential part of the construction process because this phase includes a number of
activities that take place on the job site and is an important part of the project.

-nothing follows-

A Report Digest for SITE WORKS Submitted to: Arch. Aldrin Ron C. Mamaril, UAP
Celebre, Lorraine Joyce J. Instructor, Building Technology 2
2019-2-00138 – ARCH 202 Department of Architecture / COECSA