bars act u

of
slippage will
alddistance
small
a requm
stickthe beam be
if beam 425.4)
ANDn and cracks. the longer (2ND
REINFORCEMENT no should
absolutely concrete
materialsconcreteSECTIONin DESIGN
HÌOKS, concrete momentno
Theoretically,
would
lightweight) fail.
MPa be
the
tworesult, the 2015 maximum barswould
CONCR
reinforcement)
LENGTH, mm mm mustthe the as
10:
CHAPTER hook,
concrete,
MPa or
and
there between
a soon (NSCP support.
As the
reinforcing
beam
mm compression, (normal-weight position) steel the
as
concrete. the
thatthe REINFORCEMENT
tension, standardmm of steel, (confining bondingcollapse both thatsupport,
DEVELOPMENT mm
DEVELOPMENT for for of
compression,
mm
bar,
stress
of
strength
modification
factor
(epoxy)
modification (casting
(cover)
factor
modification
(size)
factor
is words,
design the
sudden
thatthe
face
of see
REINFORCEMENT
OF
SPLICING SPLICING
OF
mm
extension,
lengthlengthlength tension, of
compressive
factor
no from
other seen would the
factor factor concreteis of
diameter be
yield In there looseto
can occur
at it face
development development
developmentfor for modification modificationmodification concrete. subject thus
splicesplice nominal specified
specified If pull
reinforced OF It the
straight unit. shown.andat
SYMB0LS:
NOTATIONS&
10.0 will be LENGTHtensile bars
zero,stopped
BOND, lap lap surrounding
a
as they
will
for act and as is
made will ends,
INTRODUCTION
10.1 beam moment were
memberDEVELOPMENTstresses
in
the
10: cantilever
CHAPTER BOND, STRESSES thetheytheir
BOND assumption
to
the
bars
the
MJBCAS
that unreinforced
at
L-c L-n Lse Lst Lext dy relation support
Ld so anchored a
if
Obviously
maximum
Consider
basicin bond, the
bars not 10.2 into
A or an
218
 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH, HOOKS, AND
10: BOND, 219
SPLICING
CHAPTEROF REINFORCEMENT

betransferred to the concrete by bond between the steel and the concrete before the
must must be extended some distance back into the support and out into
Stresses
offfIn this
case the bars
bar cut
or develop their strength. This distance, called the development length (L). It
can anchorthem
The
hars
be
minimum length offembedment of bars that is necessary to permit them to be stressed
to
definedas
beam the extra distance to ensure member toughness. Asimilar case can be made for
the
point plus some of beams.
canbe yield
situations and in
other types
their
1o other
in
bars

Ld
(b) Bars extended into
length at
(a) No developmentfail) the support at a distance
support (beam will

AND DEFORMED WIRES IN TENSION, L

10.2.1 DEVELOPMENTOF DEFORMED BARS
(NSCP 2015 SECTION 425.4.2)
deformed wires in tension shall be
for deformed bars and
425.4.2. IDevelopment length La
the greater of (a) and (b);
using the
accordance with Section 425.4.2.2 or 425.4.2.3
a. Length calculated in Section 425.4.2.4;
applicable modification factors of

b. 300mm

L shall be calculated in accordance with Tlable

wires.
23.4.2,2 For deformed bars or
425.4.2.2.

MJBCASTRO

I\IPLIFIED REINFORCED
 CHAPTER 10: BOND, DEVELOPMENT LENGTH. HOOKS, A
AND
220 SPLICING OF REINFORCEMENT
Table 425.4.2.2
Bars and Deformed Wires in
Development Lengthfor Deformed Tension
20mmO and smaller bars
Spacing and Cover and deformed wires
25mmO and larger bars
Clear spacing of bars or wircs being
developed or lap-spliced not less
than d,, clear cover at least dh. and
stirrups or ties throughout L¡ not
less than the Code minimum,
\1.7244
Clear spacing of bars or wires being
developed or lap spliced at least
2d, and clear cover at least d,

Other cases \1.42/f d,

2d, 2 2d,

>d

Case 1: Clear spacing of bars or wires
being developed or lap-spliced not less
than d,, clear cover at least d,, and
stirups or ties throughout L not less
than the Code minimum
Case 2: Clear spacing of bars or wires
being developed or lap spliced at least
2d, and clear cover at least d,

Figure: Explanation of Table 425.4.2.2

425.4.2.3 For deformed bars or wires, La shall be calculated by:

LË =
1 fy W.4es d,
1.1 2f (Cb Ker
d,
in which the confinement term (Ch + K,)/d, shall not exceed 2.5, and

40A,
K1, = Sn

SIMPLIFIEDRENFORCED
EDITION)
MJBCASTRO CONCRETE DESIGN (2ND
 CHAPTER10: BOND, DEVELOPMENT LENGTH, HOOKS, AND
SPLICING OF REINFORCEMENT 221

where,

mumber of bars or wires being developed or lap spliced along the plane of
splitting. Itis
shall be permitted to use Ktr =0 as a design simplification even if transverse reinforcement
present.

Kr. is a factor that represents the contribution of confining reinforcenment across potential
splitting planes.
A is the total cross-sectional area of all transverse reinforcement within spacing s that crosses
the potential plane of splitting through the reinforcement being developed, mm²
Ch is lesser of:
(a) the distance from center ofa bar or wire to the nearest concrete surface, and
(b) one-half the center-to-center spacing of bars or wires being developed, mm

425.4.2.4 For the calculation of Ld, modification factors shallbe in accordance with Table
425.4.2.4.

Table 425.4.2.4
Modification Factors for Development of Deformed Bars
and Deformed Wires in Tension
Modificatien factor Condition Value of factor
Lightweight concrete 0.75
Lightweight Lightweight concrete, where In accordance with
La is specified Section 419.2.4.3
Normal-weight concrete 1.0
Epoxy-coated or zinc and epoxy
dual-coated reinforcement with
1.5
clear cover less than 3dh, or clear
Epoxyl!) spacing less than 6d,
Epoxy-coated or zinc and epoxy
dual-coated reinforcement for all 1.2
other conditions
Uncoated or zinc-coated
1.0
(galvanized) reinforcement
Size 25mmØ and larger bars 1.0
20mmØ and smaller bars and 0.8
deformed wires
More than 300mm of fresh
Casting Positionl!} concrete placed below horizontal 1.3
reinforcement
Other 1.0
The product ,u, need not exceed 1.7

SIMPLIFIED REINFORCED
CONCRETE DESIGN (2ND EDITION) MJBCASTRO
 222

TRO
REINFORCEMENT
SPLICINGOF
425.4.3)
DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER
10.2.2OF 10:
bend.
1= Modification
factor
d, The Reinforcementl2) C. a.
is Lightweight of b. hook
the first Confining Cover Epoxy 425.4.3.2.
425.4.3.2 425.4.3.1
Modification members
nominal tie or 150mm 8d, shall
4.1724|f BOND,
stirrup Factors For Developmentbe
diameter Section the the
shall Factors calculation greater
2. smaller
90-degree
1.bars For Epoxy-coated
Uncoated DEVELOPMENT
HOOKS,
STANDARD
HOOKS AND
ofenclose hookhook) with For Lightweight 425.4.3.3 ,
the and d, length
of
perpendicularwithinenclosed
beyond
hook sS3d, or
enclosed
stirrups 36mm Normai-weight
concrete for
hooked beyond with > side reinforcement
coated Lightweight
concrete y, (a)
bentthe or Development425.4.3.2
Table
65mm,reinforcement
cover shall shall of through L¡h
ties cover zinc-coated specified Condition Ldh,
bar. along bar or concrete,
Other perpendicular
or
along hooks Other hook
zinc apply. be for
portion (normal and
onand modification (c):
including
stirrupsl"!
to bendthe the Lah permitted deformed
Lext of >bar smaller hooks and LENGTH,
theof 36mmØ 50mm for where of
bar within extension (galvanized)
to epoxy IN
90-degree Hooked
atextension
s to plane to
hook fot factors barsTENSION,
< Lah ties and dual be
ESITEGN(2ND 3d, of is
Bars taken in
within at or shall tension
accordance as Lan
2d, 419.2.4.3
Section with Infactor
Valueof in be
EINFFIEORCED D Tension 1.0. in terminating (NSCP
of
the 0.75 accordance
At
0.8 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.0
outside L0 discontinuous 2015 2
in
of with a
SECTION
the stanard
EDITION) ends Table
IFIED
ED
TE <
developed,
development
length
L¡h R25.4.3.2a 2d,
perpendicular to ACI
318-14 Lah DEVELOPMENT
SPLICHAPTER
CING 10:
3d, s Development
C. b. satisfied:
a shallbe
where 425.4.3.3
with
N - L¡h (
outside The 3db:s<The both Commentary:
spaced Ties OF
d, , HOOKS,
BOND,
AND
is shall first hook side For the or REINFORCEMENT
2ND the of stirrups Length
d
nominal
be the tie
shall cover bars along bar
) taken or
bend; being of
stirrup be and Figure
placed 90°
being
as the
diameter 1.0 top
enclosed developed hook
in shall (or
calculating bend)
(incl.hook
Tailof
of enclose along bottom)
the by
L-h a
hooked standard
cover LENGTH,
the Lext Development
Lah Within
bent over
bar. in
accordance hook extension R25.4.3.2b
spaced
parallel ACI- Lah
portion ties hook
or at 318-14 Length
less along to
of stirrupsdiscontinuous of the
with the than he
tCommentary:
the bar Tiesor of
Section hook
perpendicular 65mm, hook 180°
lengthbeing
within ends placed
plus stirrups hook
RO
425.4.3.1(a) (a) developed,
bend. of 3d, s
2d, through of the Figure
to members
of L-h tail
the (c)
at
 HÌOKS AN
CHAPTER 10: BOND, DEVELOPMENT LENGTH,
224 SPLICING OF REINFORCEMENT

Ties or stirrups required

Lah
<65mm

< 3d, < 2d,

ACI318-14 Commentary: Figure R25.4.3.3 Concrete cover according to 425.4 33

10.2.3 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF DEFORMED BARS AND DEFORMED WIPEs

COMPRESSION NSCP 2015 SECTION 425.4.9)

425.4.9.1 Development length L¡c for deformed bars and deformed wires in comoression
shall be the greater of (a) and (b);
a. Length calculated in accordance with Section 425.4.9.2

b 200mm

425.4.9.2 L-c Shall be the greater of (a) and (b), multiplied by the modification factors of
Section 425.4.9.3:

a.
(0.24f,U-)

b 0.043f,4,d,
Table
425.4.9.3 For the calculation of Ldr, modification factors shall be in accordance with
425.4.9.3, except y, shall be permitted to be taken as 1.0

Table 425.4.9.3
Modification Factors for Deformed Bars
and Wires in Compression
Value of factor
Modification factor Condition
Lightweight concrete 0.75
In accordance with
Lightweight Lightweight concrete, if fct is Section 419.2.4.3
specified
1.0
Normal-weight concrete
Confining Reinforcement enclosed within (1), 0.75
Reinforcement (2).(3) or (4);
SIMPLIFIED REINFORCED
MJBCASTRO EDITION)
CONCRETE DESIGN (2ND
 CHAPTER10: BOND, DEVELOPMENT LENGTH, HÌOKS, AND
SPLICINGOF REINFORCEMENT 225

a spiral
2 acircular continuously wound tie
d, > 6mm and pitch s 100mm
3 6mm0bar or MDI130 wire ties in
accordance with Section 425.7.2
spaced 100mm on center
4 hoops in accordance with Section
425.7.4 spacedS 100mm on
center
Other 1.0

10.2.4 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF BUNDLED REINFORCEMENT (NSCP 2015

} SECTION425.6.1.5)

2661.5 Development length for individual bars within a bundle, in tension or

compression, shall be that of the individual bar, increased 20 percent for a three-bar
bundle. and 33 percent for a four-bar bundle.

0)6 BEDUCTION OF DEVELOPMENT LENGTH FOR EXCESS REINFORCEMENT

(NSCP 2015 SECTION 425.4. 10)

4254.101Reduction of development lengths detined in Sections 425.4.2. I(a), 425.4.3. I(a)

and 425.4.9.1(a) shallbe permitted by use of the ratio

(Asrequired/Asprovided)
except where prohibited by Section 42s 4. 10.2. The mod1fied development lengths shall
not be less than the respective minimums specified in Sections 425.4.2.1(b), 425.4.3.1(b).
425.4.3.1(c) and 425.4.9.1(b)
425.4.10.2 Areduction of development length in accordance with Section 425.4.10.1 is not
permitted for (a) through (e).

(a) At the face of non-continuous support,

(b) Atother locations where anchorage or development for f, is required;
(c) Where bars are required to be continuous:
(d) For headed and mechanically anchored detormedreinforcement:
(e) In seismic-force-resisting sy stems in structures assigned to Seismic zone 4.

SIMPLIFED REINFORCED
CONCRETE DESIGN (2ND EDITION) MJBCASTRO
 CHAPTER 10: BOND, DEVELOPMENT LENGTH, HO0KS, AND
SPLICING OF REINFORCEMENT

10.3 HOOKS (NSCP 2015 SECTION425.3)

by running them
When sufficient spacc Is not availableto anchor tension bars straight for ther
development lengths as required by the Code, hooks may be
used. (Hooks are considered required
compression bars for development length purposes) ineffective for
10.3.1 STANDARD HOOKS, SEISMIC HOOKS, CROSS TIES, AND MINIMUM
BEND DIAMETERS (NSCP 2015 SECTION 425.3) INSIDE
425.3.1 Standard hooks for the development of deformed bars in tension shall conform
to
Table 425.3.1

Table 425.3.1
Standard Hook Geometry for Development of Deformed Bars in Tension
Minimunm
Type of inside bend Straight
Standard Bar Size extension!! Type of Standard Hook
diameter,
Hook mm
Lexts Mm

10mmØ Point at which bar

6d, is developed
through 25mm0
90-degrec
ben
90-degree 28mmØ
hook through 36mmø 8dp 12d,
Diameter
40mm0 and Lan
58mmØ
10d,

10mmØ Point at which bar

through 25mmØ 6dp is developed

d,
28mmØ Greater of
I80-degree 4d, and 180-degree
hook through 36mm0 8d, Diameter bend
65mm
40mmØ and
58mmØ 10d,

425.3.2 Minimumn inside bend diameters for bars used as transverse reinforcement and
standard hooks for bars used to anchor stirrups, ties, hoops, and spirals shall contom o
Table 425.3.2.Standard hooks shall enclose longitudinalreinforcement.

SIMPLIFIED REINFORCED
EDITION)
MJBCASTRO CONCRETE DESIGN (2ND
CHAPIER10: BOND, DEVELOPMENT LENGTH, H00KS, AND
SPLICINGOFREINFORCEMENT 227

Table 425.3.2
MinimumInside Bend Diameters and Standard Hook Geometry for Stirrups, Ties, and Hoops
Minimum
Type
of inside bend Straight
Bar Size extension!" Type of Standard Hook
Standard diameter,
mm
Lets Mm
Hook
Greater of
10mmØ
4d, 6d, and d,
through 16mm 75mm 0-degree
hend
90-degree
hook 20mmØ Diameter Lot
6d, 12d,
through 25mm)

d,
10mmØ 4d,
through 16mmØ Greater of 35-degree
bend
135-degree 6d, and Drarmeter/
hook 75mm
20mm 6d,
through 25mm0

10mmØ
through 16mmØ 4dy
Greater of I80-degree
180-degree 4d, and Drameter, bend

hook 65mm
20mmØ
6d, Lost
through 25mmØ
Astandard hook for stirrups, ties, and hoops includes the specificbend diameter and straight extension length. It
shallbe permitted to use a longer straight extension at the end of a hook. Alonger extension shall not be considered
lo mcrease the anchorage capacity of the hook.

10.4 SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT /LAP SPLICES (NSCP 2015 SECTION 425.5)

Tield splices of reinforcing bars are often necessary because of the limited commercial bar lengths available,
urements at construction joints, and changes from larger bars to smaller bars. Splicing may be done by
ng. by mechanical connections, or most frequently by lapping bars. Lapped bars are usually tied in
Ontact.
125.5.1.1 Lap splices shallnot be permitted for bars larger than 36mm 0,except as provided
in Section 425.5.5.3

l04.1 TENSION LAP

The NSCP
SPLICE, Lst
KIntage 2015
of the divides tension lap slices into two different classifications, Aand B, depending on the
bars spliced in agiven length and on the reinforcement stress at the splice. Table 425.5.2.1
aws the
Tequirementsfor both Class Aand Class 3splices

S(OMNCREE
PLAFIED DESIGN
REINFORCEDEDITION)
(2ND MJBCASTRO
 228
O set
terminated the In
| REINFORCEMENT
SPLICINGOF
accordingcompression
concrete. a 10.4.2 Asprovi
Asrequt
overded/
red LENGTH,
CHAPTER 10:
Ratio
SECTION
425.5.5) LAP just length TENSION LAP
COMPRESSION area
of < 2.0 2
b a to
Reinforcing 2.0 shall
shall permitted
Compression
425.5.5.3 425.5.5.2 For shall
425.5.5.1 SPLICE the
425.5.2.2 Lap 425.4.2.1(a).425.5.2.1
NSCP above of of SPLICE
lap larger reinforcement splice
be f For For be Splice in
be (NSCP
permitted < calculated 2015 each splice, a
in 21 f, f, bar If BOOND,
Compression > S420Compression LENGTHS floor bars bars Lengths Tension
accordancewith LENGTHS
Section lap MPa, Section and 2015
420 portion
in LAP Maximum
percentof
or Lst of provided required
length
and the MPa: MPa: in compression different spliced
lwithin
ap A, lap
425.5.5.3 accordance 425.5.5. every SPLICE Of of DEVELOPMENT
HOOKS,AND
SECTION
shall lap length lap OF of the casesAll 100 splice
Lsc Lse other the to 50 Deformed
be
splices splices
shall area OF
of is is splice
DEFORMED smaller size 425.5.2.1
Table 425.5.2.1,
Tablelength
in force Lsc of DEFORMED
accordance of lap th e the with floor. are pe
splicedarlareinforcement 425.5.2.1)
shall greater greater length splicedtransfer bar. Bars
40mm (a) The Lst
usednotbe be and for
of of orLge minimum usually is Class Class
B BClass A
with increased (b): BARS TypeSplice deformed
where
or
(0 . 0. of through Deformed BARS
071f,d, 36mm in required
Section58mm 13f, tension.
for IN length to Lg
by - columns the Greater
by of: Greaterof: shll bars
bars COMPRESSION Ø AND
425.5.5.4. bars O one-third 24)d, and or analysis Wires
ofbearing Lst
ORCED larger smaller lap be and
to 300mm. where Shall DEFORMED
in
INED
a n d splice at in deformed
36mm th an of be splice
Tension accordance
300mm. bars the Lst
36mm the
(2ND for bars end locatio
300mm1.3L4 and
and300mm 1.0L,
Ø in (NSCP compression are greater wires
or compression of
ION) Ø, most the with in WIRES
smaller except of
L. tension
Section
2015 often bar
bars as is on nf N
TE }
LIFIED
ED 10.4.4

reinforcement in418.7.4.3
LAP
C b
FORCEMENT
SPLICCIHNAPGTERO10:
REI10.4.3LNAP DEVELOPMENT
the
transverseconform shallnot sniral
enclosing E
N calculated
8.6.3.3SPLICE I.
member SPLICE likely Within Within
Withinthe
joints;reinforcement SSA
of
Mechanical to usedbethe Lap larger AND
ND Section FOR to a a
in Where BOND,
length, occur distance FOR
distance lap splices accordance
locations (a) in
spliced bar bars
COLUMN as
418.2.8.
shall is BEAM calculated
splices a of of provided of of
resultof twice
twice deformed
bars different
be with
accordance
designed Lap shall shall Section in
the the over
splices lateral through not accordance size
conform beam beam longitudinal
the are
with as displacements exceed 425.5.5.1
tension shall depthdepth lap lap
(c):
Sections length. spliced
with LENGTH,
to the
be from from reinforcement as
permitted
lap Section smaller appropriate.Section
Spacing in
418.7.5.2
splices, beyond the the compression,
418.2.7 critical face of
only d/4 of 425.4.9.1 HOOKS,
and the of the shall
418.7.5.3.
and the
within and
shall sections
elastic transverse and
joint: be and Le
welded 100mm.permitted
bethe rangewhere LeeShall
O enclosed
center reinforcement ofbe
splices of
yielding Lap if smaller the
behavior.
within half splices hoop greater
shall
is or bar
of
229
 230

ILLUSTRATIVE
PROBLEMS:
10.1:
computethe PROBLEM CHAPTER
a
Solution: concrete.
concrete The
REINFORCEMENT SPLICING OF
C.NSCP concrete
beam
From Using
NSCP
NSCPcompressive
From 25mmØbar,
For evelopment
lengih
using
The Table NSCP 10:
425.4.2,2.
Equation Table
product NSCP 150mm with
a10mmØ
stirrups
spaced Equation BOND,
425.4.2.2 Table shown
Table
strengthf=24.1
y.y, 425.4.2 is
W=10)(1.5) normalvweight
coOncrete
1=1.0 =10for We=
y W,= 425 4254.2.3a
4254.2.4: Development reinforced DEVELOPMENT
need 4.2.2:
1.5 1.0 3a
not 75
epoxy for with with
exceed 25mmobar bottom 25mo 4- 375mm Kr
computed MPa. with
coated Length 3@75
=0 4
= I.7: -
bar 1.724f AsSume25mmo
1.5 with for
75 value LENGTH,
< Deformed
1.7 clear nonal-weight
of bar
ok! 525 Kr epoxy
spacing
Bars
and coated HOOKS.
less
CED than Deformed
with
6d,
f14
Using ANn
(2 Wires
ND NSCP
in MPa
N) Tension 2915, and
CEID
UIFIFD
b.
RE.TE NSCP NSCP
Therefore. Thus,
SPLIC(IPNGIERIOFI
IGN Equation DEVELOPMENT
BOND,10:
Thus, Thus, where, Equation
(2ND 425.4.2.3a 425.4.2.3a L¡
REINFORCEMENT
(Cp L¡
= L¡ Kt(rc), + (b)75mm(a) Cp La
= = L¡
= L
) is 1860. =
L4-iov241Lq= d, + = d,
1916.634 Kr) \1.0v24.1/
1498. 1.1 (1/2) lesser 40Atr 1860.262
|1.7(1.0)V24.1
|(414)(1.0)
(1.5)]|
with 1 with 262
11 1f
Ktr (75) of:
\E 150 414 10.472
37.5 + computed mm
414 37.5 mm
mm 25 = mm = 40(2)(10)2
+0 ue4es
( 0 25 37.5mm 150(4) >
-= d, dh value 300
1.5 K) t (1.0)(1.5)(1.0)|
(L015)(05\(es)(1.5) (1.919) of mm LENGTH,
HOOKS,
< =1.919<2.ok!5 10.472mm
= d,
2.5 d govern Kr
ok!

AND
TRO

231
TRO
a
REINFORCEMENT
PROBLEM
required
concrete
20.7 28mm The SPLICING OF
10.2: LENGTH,
HOOKS,
CHAPTER 1
b. L.
MPa.
Using
Table Solution:
From425.4.2.2:
NSCP NSCP NSCPUsing top
The From 28mm
bar,For Table bars
reinforcing
Equation 10:
product NSCP (@10mmØ
200mmstirrups
spaced with Equation TableNSCPshowt
425.4.2.2 BOND,
4254.2.2.2015,
yW Table 425.4.2.3a are steel
concreteW,=1.0
A= 425,4.2.3a
WiVe=(1.3)(1.0) 0.75lightweight uncoated
Ve=1.0 y= Development uncoated
compute
need 425.4.2.4: area DEVELOPMENT
AND
1.3 75
not for for with with for
exceed top 28mm04- the with the
28mm Length 450mm 3@100 coniputed
developmeat
Kr f=345
bar lightweight
= 1.7: 0
1.3 bar for
Deformed
value
< 75 MPa
1.7 length
of and
ok! K
Bars 575 75 using
concrete
beam
and
DCEDI Deformed coipressiveshown

is
Wires 2000mn
D
in
ON) Tension
PLIFIED
CED
ETE
b.
Therefore., For
excess Thus,
NSCP Therefore, REINFOSPRCEMENT
LICINGOCFHAPTER
GN where, Equation 10:
Thus,
L reinforcement
= 425.4.2.3a L¡ BOND,
(21D 1314.967 L = =
La L¡
(Ch (b75mm
) (a) Ch Ktr =
La=1619.388L¡
=1619.388L¡
= La=1619.388mm is 2164.837
) + DEVELOPMENT
lesser 40Atr |1 2164.837 =
.7(0.75)V20.7
1314.967 according dKtr)(1/2)(100)
Sn [(345)(1.3)(1.0)]|
\0.75/20.711 (tAz)a\f1.1 with
mm of: 1
computed mm
345
50 mm
mm (As,required to + = 40(2)(10)2
NSCP 28
2000
47(28)2> As,provided) 7.854 50mm 200(4) WeWes >
d, value 300
300 (28)
Section = mm LENGTH,
HOOKS,
13)(1005 28) 2.066 ’ of
mm (2.066) govern =7.854mm K,r
d
425.4.10.1: <
2.5
ok!

AND

TRO

233
 thanPROBLEM
and 10.3. A
REINFORCEMENT
SPLICING
CHAPTER
C.
OF
400mm
a
Solution: concrete
C. 60nun.
Therefore, For NSCP
From 28mmØbar,For If The The Ihe excess
the Lsing wide Equation
requred compressive
requred
requred 10:
bars cantiever Thus,
NSCP L reinforcement
NSCP =
BOND,
are 425.4.2.3a
Table development
deveiopment
development 1521.
oated
We=1.0
W=1.3 straight: 2015. L¡
1873.268 1873.268
Ld= L¡= L¡ L¡ Ktr)(C, + L¡=
A
= strength beam
425.4.2,4: 122
=1521.122 o75v207-i d, DEVELOP
1.0 eterm1ne is according
1873.268 =
11 1 with
t reiniorced mmn
for lengthiengthlength
500+ a/f Kr
top 276 345
mm to mm 28 =
bar ififa ifthe As,provided ) NSCP
(As,required 0
thc (28)247 2000 (Cp
alollowng
90° 180° MPa with > = d, t
bars 300 (1.3)(1.0)
(1.0)] 1.736
e hook 4 Section Ker)
hook Assume (1.786)
are 28mm0 mnm <
isstraght |dy
425.4.10.1: 2.5
usedused. is side,
ok!
top
usng top
bar
and OKS,
AND
NSCP uncoated
bottom
Table
cover with
425.4.2.4.
to fy
be
greaier 276
MPa
E
IIFED
EID C. b.
28mmpbar,For Ldh L-h The Thus. From 28mmØForbar, Thus. The
From Using
hook90° Therefore, Using Therefore, REINFOSPRCEMENT
LICINGOFCHAPTER
= = final product 10:
N NSCP NSCP 180°
150 8d, BOND,
Lah development L¡
ND Table
mm = Table hook V;Ve
8(28) = =
La La y-,
1.A=
0 = W,ot=heruncoated
1.0 otW=
h1er.0 We= 1.0 A= 1124. =
) 352. 425.4.3.2: need
DEVELOPMENT
425.4.3.2: Ldh = 1.0 1124.882 =
= [(276)(1.3)(1.0)|
758 224 length Normalweight L¡h = 882
1.7(1.0)V27.6 (1.3) not
Normalweight Lah
mm Lah
[(276)(1.0)(1.0)(1.0)]
mm Lah mm (1.0) exceed
4.17(1.0)V27.6= mm
4.172/f shall352.758 4.172\f > = 1.7:
not concrete
300 (28) 1.3
concrete <
be mm mm 1.7 LENGTH,
less ok!
than
8d,
HOOKS,
or
150
mm;
AND
TRO

235
 236

2015Determine
PROBLEM
414 10.4: REINFOORCEMENT
SPLICINGOF
DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER10:
NSCP
FromSolution: Equation MPa
and the Therefore, Ldh Ldh The Thus,
25mmp
with Factors
and
stirrups
10mm concrete
development
42542,3a = = final
425.4.2.4:
Table 150 8d,
development e BOND,
Ldh mm =
connpressive
À=
uncoated
=1.0 = 8(28) W,=1.0 other
W=
uncoated
1.0 W,=1.0
W, .J,= with length
352.758
u, other
= 50 K0 Lah = shall
1.0 1.0 1.0 =
recured 224 length
ht for for 350mm srengtt be
mm =352.758Lahmm
(1.0)| permitted
mm[(276)(1.0)(1.0)
250
25mmØ bottom Lah
4.17(1.0)V27.6
e6 for
Shall
the to
bar bar
50 uneoated not be
rete taken LENGTH,
be
50 550 MPa less
bundied as
and than 1.0
600mm
nomalweight 8d, (Section
bars HOOKS,
Centroid or
shown 150
mm;
425.4.3.2)
of in AND
concrete,
Three-bundled the
fou
tse Il8
0.794, NC
bu°
LIFTED
ED
2IE
bundle.
tension NSCP
According REINFORCEMENT
or Equation
EquSivPaLleInCt ICNHGAPTERO 10:
Thus.
compression,NSCP to Diameter BOND,
425.4.2.3a
L¡ L¡ =972.307 L¡
mm La (Ch (c) (b) (a) Cp
2015 is of
N = = + 50+ 50+
DEVELOPMENTa
shall de (1/2)(center
Kr lesser La
= single
1166.768
1.2(972.307 Section, 250- with
be ) 1010+ of:
1.1 k,, bar
that 414 79.75 +t
0 2(10) +
43.301 0.79d, 25 1 = for
mm development
of to f 0 3;(25)
(d,)'
d, =
three-bundled
) the =
center 85mm =
individual = 2(25) 43.301
(1.0)(10)(1.0) =
1.842 50 LENGTH,
1.842 90mmspacing
=
length + mmn
< 10+ bars:
bar, 2.5
for of
increased ok! 0.79(25)
bars)
individual HOOKS,
=79.75mm
20
bars
percent AND
within
STRO for ’
a a govern
bundle,
three-bar
in
 238

dowelsPROBLEM34The 10.6:
PROBLEM
REINFORCEMENT
with SPLICING
Calculate 5: OF
10.CHAPTER
MPaforces f
b. Therefore, FromSolution:
having for Development =the
Development
Development C. b. 21
in NSCP
column the MPa
develapnent 10:
fy
Ldc Table to
=414 column 200mm BOND,
and 0.043f,y,d,
= (0.24f,Ur
-\d, length resist
lengthlength 542.053 425.4.9.3:
MPa. fbars otherU,
L-c =1.0 compresSEVelength
=are
21 1.0 = DEV
up
down Assume shall
into MPa to mm = for
into be normalweight
be a
the
normal-weight transterred
for 0.043(414)(1.0)(25)= the 25mmo
(o.24(414)(00)(25) lorces.
column the footing. greater
footing 1.0V21
in
Assume bar
Calculate the ofconcrete
(a), having
concrete. footing
normàl
(b) f
the a-weight
as 445.05 = and
Use
development 414
shown 542.053 (c).
NSCP embeddedMPaand
mm concrete,
CED Ldc Ldc
with
2015. mm
down up lengths28mm
into Use
into NSCP
the ftohre
neededdowels,
the column
2015.
footing f=
 b.
Therefore, Development
Development Therefore, Development
Development REINFORCEMENT
C. a. C. a.
From SohutSPLioIn:C(IHNAPI
G RBOND,O10:
b. b.
NSCP
LËc Ldc
200mm 200mm
=0.043f,4,d,
(o24,\d, = length length = 0.043f,, length length Table
498.456 607.
Ldc up L¡e down ,1.0other 425.4.9,3:
into 100 DEVELOPMENT
shall d, Shall into 1.0
mm = the mm = normalweight
concrete
0.043(414)(1.0) be 0.043(414)(1.0) be the
(0.24(414)(1.0(28) the column: (0.24(414)(1.0) the
1.0V34 greater 1.0V21 greater footing:
of of
(28) (a), (28) (a), LENGTH,
= (b) 607.J(28)
100} = (b)
=
498.456mm = and 498456 and
477.123 (c), (c).
mm
HOOKS,
mm
mm
AND
 240

RO shouldcolunn
REINFORCEMENT bottom
PROBLEM A
SPLICING
7: OF
reinforced 10.CHAPTER
Solution: the to
From
Therefore. Thus, The From 25mmØbar,
For edgewithin
Table concete 10:
product NSCP
of
he
t75mm
425.4.2.2 BOND,
Table
footing footing
y,e of
1338.154+75
1413.154mm
X= x= x Lg y,e= uncoated
We=A1.0 V.
= = the
= need =
425.4.2.4: Development
LË 1.0
from DEVELOPMENT
has LENGTH,
AND
1338.154 1.0 edge
+
(414)(1.0)(1.0)] Normalweight
(1.0)(1.0) not
the 25mmD
v20.7
75 1.7(1.0) for
exceed bottom
face of
the
mm Length of
uncoated
> = 1.7: bar 425.4.24.
coumn.
Tablfooting.
e
300 1.0 concrete for
< Deformed
If
straight
mm Use f
1.7
ok! NSCP
NION 20.7
Bars 2015 MPa
and 75mm
bars HOOKS,
and
NFIEODRCED Deformed extended
fy
4141
from
Wires
MPa,
in face
how
Tension of
fthe
 a. l A
b Solution: 420 subjuly ectedbe
TED To For To
Iherefore, () Where Therefore, MPSta res ed.
be be REINP9R0FORCEMENT
f
OmBmLEM 10.S8P: LI CINHGAPTERO
25mm0
bars,For 300mm
(2) () ToTo thif x
ror Lsc Development Ldc lap-spliced
bars S
lap-spliced bebe e BOND,10DE: V
C b. a. of 420 lap-spliced compression
lap-spliced cohumn Using onlytO 350:mm
Ler 300mm
(2) ly 0f L_e 0.071f,d,
Ssmaller larger of MPa: Teinforced
0.071f,d, )420 different =
= with bars NSCP
596.4 200mm bar with 745.5
MPa: bar 0.043f,s,d, (0.24fW length Lg 2015,
is
calculated size 20mm0 = 25mm@0 with with
calculated 0.071(420)(25)
mm iS VELOPMENT
mm L-c the 20mmo25nmo caleulate concrete
= Lsr are
greater for
0.071(420)
(20) the is d,= shall in lap colunmn column
in = spliced colunin
all
greater be accordance colunnncohnn the load
accordance 0.043(420) (0.24(420)(10) the of
bars (1) bars required
greater in = combinations. with
1.0V28 745.5 and bars bars
of compression, h
() with (2) 25mO LENGTH,
= with (1.0) of mm splice
596.4 and (a), Section
(2) Section (25)
(25) (b) length Albars
mm Lse HOOKS,
and 425.4.9.1 e
’govern 425.5.5.1 451.500 = = Shall vertical arto
given
476.235 (c), be
be lap-spliced.
bars
f
mm the
mm AND
greater 28are
’ assumed
MPa
The
RO govern of and
(1) column
and fy to
be
(2):
241
 PPLEMENTARY
PROBLEMS:SI
PROBLEM
coveringof 10.2: PROBIEM
28mm10.
determine PROBLEM
21 10.3: A 60mm.oncrete
REINEORCEMENT
A1: SPUION: OF
3m concrete
rectangular A HAPER
b. MPa b. a. e b.
wide
Table
NSCP425.4.2,2.
NSCP the and The compressive
The required
Thethe isingcantilever
NSCP WhichWhich 75nm. wall
required f
beam
required
required NSCP 10:
Equation
Equation of of footing
415 the the If 2015, BOND,
is strength hean
reinforced
development following
followingfe20.7 development
development
development
length
MPa. supports
4254.2.3a
425,4.2.3a determine is
Concrete reinforced
f
DEVELOPMENT
givesgives MPa
with a 28
300mm
and lengthlength
with with length
4-28mmp the the the MPa.
cover with
required
available f if
computed
K,y if ifa ifa foBlowing:
Assume 6
= the is 414 wall.isIt 90° 180°
0 40mm.
bars bars
developmentspace MPa. hook
value have top hook are side.
reimforced is straight
HOOKS,
LENGTH,
AND
Using bars for used.used.is top top
of clear
uncouted developrnent. and bar
K 10mmO length. 425.424
Table
using uncoated
spacing
20mmwith bottomt
to NSCP
stimups
of resist 645.779ms
250.164m
Lgn=
Ans:
250.164mn
LaN=Ans: As:Le
N
ORD L3856.791Ans: Ans:mm
Ans:30mmn Ans: cover with

LgLgspacedtensile L bars to fy
Ans: m
=B66.614 1275 greatet
tha be
=3036.12585.
97 411 usi=ng forces. with 276
at concrete MPa
200mi If
mmn mn