Pitaron Moed Aleph

1.1
Characteristic equation: −2xt
dx
= dt du
x = 2tu

dx dt
−2xt = x ⇒ dx = −2tdt

⇒ x = −t2 + C1 C1 ∈ Rn

dx du dx du
−2xt = 2tu ⇒ −x = u

⇒ −ln|x| = ln|u| + C2

⇒ xu = C2

Pitaron clali:
Φ(x + t2 , xu) = 0

1.2
Ψ1 (x, t, u) = x + t2
Ψ2 (x, t, u) = xu

⇒ Ψ1 (x, 0, u) = x = Ψ̄1
Ψ2 (x, 0, u) = xu = Ψ̄2

⇒ x = Ψ̄1 = w1 (Ψ̄1 , Ψ̄2 )

¯2
Ψ̄2 = xu = Ψ̄1 u ⇒ u = Ψ Ψ¯1
= w2 (Ψ̄1 , Ψ̄2 )

w2 (Ψ1 , Ψ2 ) − sin(w1 (Ψ1 , Ψ2 )) = 0

⇒ Ψ
Ψ1 − sin(Ψ1 ) = 0 ⇒ Ψ2 − Ψ1 sin(Ψ1 ) = 0
2

⇒ xu − (x + t2 ) sin(x + t2 ) = 0

Pitaron prati:
t2
u(x, t) = (1 + ) sin(t + x2 )
x

1
2

Afradat Michtanim: u(x, t) = X(x)T (t)

T ” (t) X ” (x)
⇒ T (t) = 9 X(x)
T ” (t) X ” (x)
⇒ 9T (t) = X(x) = −λ
u(0, t) = 0 ⇒ X(0) = 0,
0
∂u
∂x (1, t) = 0 ⇒ X (1) = 0

Lachen mekablim et abeayat safa:

 ”
 X (x) + λX(x) = 0

X(0) = 0
 0

X (1) = 0
Sturm-Liouville Regulari ⇒ λn > 0
√ √
X(x) = A cos λx + B sin λx
X(0) = 0⇒ A = 0
0 √ √ 0
X (x) = λB cos λx ⇒ X (1) = 0
√
⇒ λ = (2k + 1) π2 ,⇒ λk = (2k + 1)2 π4 , k = 0, 1, · · · , n, · · ·
2

Founktsiot atsmiot: Xk (x) = sin √λk x = sin(2k + 1) π2 x, k = 0, 1, · · · , n, · · ·

Tk” (t) 2 2

9Tk (t) = −(2k + 1)2 π4 ⇒ Tk” (t) + 9(2k + 1)2 π4 Tk (t) = 0

⇒ Tk (t) = A1k cos( 32 (2k + 1)πt) + A2k sin( 32 (2k + 1)πt), k = 0, 1, · · · , n, · · ·

.
∞
A1k cos( 32 (2k + 1)πt) + A2k sin( 32 (2k + 1)πt) sin(2k + 1) π2 x
P

⇒ u(x, t) =
Tnaiei athala:
k=0
∞
A1k sin(2k + 1) π2 x = sin( 5πx 7πx
P
u(x, 0) = 2 ) + 2 sin( 2 )

⇒ A1k = 0, k 6= 2, 3, A12 = 1, A13 = 2

k=0

∞
∂u 3
+ 1)π −A1k sin( 23 (2k + 1)πt) + A2k cos( 23 (2k + 1)πt) sin(2k + 1) π2 x
P

∂t (x, t) = 2 (2k
k=0
∞
∂u 3
+ 1)πA2k sin(2k + 1) π2 x
P
⇒ ∂t (x, 0) =− 2 (2k
k=0
⇒ A2k = 0, k = 0, 1, · · · , n, · · ·
Pitaron:
⇒ u(x, t) = cos( 15πt 5πx 21πt 7πx
2 ) sin( 2 ) + 2 cos( 2 ) sin( 2 )

Afradat Michtanim: u(x, y) = X(x)Y (y)

X ” (x) ”
⇒ X(x) = − YY (y)
(y)
= −λ

2
u(0, y) = 0 ⇒ X(0) = 0,
u(2, y) = 0 ⇒ X(2) = 0
Lachen mekablim et abeayat safa:

”
 X (x) + λX(x) = 0

X(0) = 0

 X(2) = 0

Sturm-Liouville Regulari classi ⇒ λk = k 4π , k = 1, · · · , n, · · ·

2 2

Founktsiot atsmiot: Xk (x) = sin( kπx

2 ), k = 1, · · · , n, · · ·
2 2
Yk” (y) − k 4π Yk (y) = 0
kπy kπy
⇒ Yk (y) = Ak e 2 + Bk e− 2

∞  kπy kπy

+ Bk e− sin kπx
P
⇒ u(x, y) = Ak e 2 2
2
k=1

lim u(x, y) = 0 ⇒ Ak = 0
y→∞
∞ kπy
Bk e− sin kπx
P
⇒ u(x, y) = 2
2

Tnai athala:
k=1
∞
Bk sin kπx
P
u(x, 0) = 2 = − sin(3πx) + sin(4πx)

⇒ Bk = 0, k 6= 6, 8, B6 = −1, B8 = 1
k=1

Pitaron:
u(x, y) = − sin(3πx)e−3πy + sin(4πx)e−4πy

Tavnith: u(r, θ) = a0 + P rn (An cos(nθ) + Bn sin(nθ))

∞

n=1
∞
n 1 cos 2θ
P
⇒ u(2, θ) = 2 (An cos(nθ) + Bn sin(nθ)) = 2 − 2
n=1
⇒ a0 = 12 , Bn = 0
An = 0, n 6= 2, 22 A2 = − 12 ⇒ A2 = − 18

Pitaron:
1
u(r, θ) = 2 − 18 r2 cos θ

3
5

Ahlafat founktsia: v(x, t) = u(x, t) − πx

⇒

∂v ∂2v


 − = e−t sin(4x)
 ∂t
 ∂x2
v(0, t) = v(π, t) = 0
 v(x, 0) = x



π
Tavnith: v(x, t) = P Tn (t) sin nx
∞

n=1
∞
∂2v 0
∂v
(Tn (t) + n2 Tn (t)) sin nx = e−t sin(4x)
P
⇒ − ∂t = ∂x2
n=1
⇒( 0
Tn (t) + n2 Tn (t) = 0, n 6= 4
0
T4 (t) + 16T4 (t) = e−t
Tnai athala: v(x, 0) = P Tn (0) sin nx =
∞
x
π
n=1
2
Rπ x 2
Rπ
⇒ Tn (0) = sin(nx)dx = x sin(nx)dx
Integratzia al yedei halakim:π
π 0 π π2 0

x sin(nx)dx = −x cosnnx 0 + 0 x sin nxdx = (−1)n+1 nπ + 0

Rπ Rπ
0
2
⇒ Tn (0) = (−1)n+1 nπ
n 6= 4:
2
2 −n2 t
Tn (t) = Tn (0)e−n t = (−1)n+1 nπ e
n=4:
0
T4 (t) + 16T4 (t) = e−t
Pitaron prati: T0 (t) = Ce−t
⇒ −Ce−t + 16e−t = e−t ⇒ C = 15 1
1 −t
⇒ T0 (t) = 15 e
1 −t
⇒ T4 (t) = 15 e + Ce−16t
1 1
⇒ T4 (0) = 15 + C ⇒ C = T4 (0) − 15
2 1
T4 (0) = − 4π = − 2π

1 −t 1 1 −16t
⇒ T4 (t) = 15 e + (− 2π − 15 )e
∞
P
⇒ v(x, t) = Tn (t) sin nx
Pitaron:
n=1
∞ ∞ 2
x x 1 −16t 1 −t 2 −n t
(−1)n+1 nπ
P P
u(x, t) = π + Tn (t) sin nx = π − 15 e sin(4x) + 15 e sin(4x) + e sin nx
n=1 n=1