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Various Phases of Pakistan's Foreign Policy: A Review 1947-2016 (Urdu)

· March 2017Article

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Fazal Rabbi
National University of Modern Languages H-9 Islamabad Pakistan

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Abstract
terrorism strategy. This paper deals with various phases/periods of
nineteen ninety and then played a front line role in the global
counter resistance movement. It remained the most sanctioned
country in politics, and also remained a strategic partner in all
Afghan countries. Then it played an important role in the cold war
followed an independent policy with the objectives of friendship with
its development. In the initial years of its independence, Pakistan
foreign policy over the years, and has passed through stages during
along with its geo-strategic position, Pakistan has formulated its
social and economic development etc. Keeping in mind these issues
security, political independence, territorial integrity, sovereignty and
points. The most important issues in Pakistan's foreign policy are
world affairs. Pakistan foreign policy is no exception to such stated
and geo-political situation that determines the country's outlook in
the many forces like historical, ideological, economic, national
interests international community. It is always the product of
interaction of defense, but it also guarantees a nation rightful place
in the A country foreign policy is not only the first line of its national
Pakistan foreign policy since its independence.
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(Islamabad:Foreign Office Year Book 2012-2013,Government of Pakistan .1
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2013), p. ix.
(London:Pakistan's Defense Policy 1947-58,Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema .2
Macmillan Press, 1990), pp. 28-32.
Lahore: Pakistan Institute of Legislative Hasan-Askari Rizvi, "Pakistan's .3
foreign policy: An overview 1947-2004.".PILDAT Briefing Paper
Development and Transparency, 2004, p. 11.
In Search of Peace and Security: Forty Years of,.(Karachi: Royal Book .4
Company, 1990), Rais Ahmad Khan, edPakistan-United States Relations
p. 31.
Pakistan Foreign Policy: An Historical,SM Burke and Lawrence Ziring .5
100________________________________________@*CgõZp, ï LG¢EZ'ÆDY2016âY2017ag

(Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 164-170.Analysis


Pakistan Foreign Policy 1947-2005: A Concise History (Karachi: Oxford SM .6
Burke and Lawrence Ziring, 201-218. For details see Abdul Sattar,
University Press, 2007), pp. 53-66.
Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, pp. 155. .7
Mohammad Ayub Khan, Friends not Masters: A Political Autobiography .8
(Islamabad: Mr. Books, 2006), pp. 164-166.
Hasan-Askari Rizvi, pp. 14-16. .9
Rias Ahmad Khan, pp. 43-45. . 10
Hasan-Askari Rizvi, p. 17. . 11
self-reliance and vivification of integrity", Pakistan Journal of Social . 12
Omer Farooq Zain, Zufi Bhutto's Foreign Policy: Vocalization for
Sciences, vol. 32, no. 2 (2012), pp. 429-430.
Ibid, 131-133. Also see Abdul Sattar, pp. 145-149. . 13
US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan,AZ Hilali . 14
(USA: Ashgate Publishers, 2005), pp. 118-130.
Hasan-Askari Rizvi, pp. 19-20. . 15
Amendment and Pakistan's Security Concerns", Pakistan Horizon, vol. 47, . 16
Abdul Sattar, pp. 225-226. See also Tehmina Mahmood, "Pressler
no. 4 (October 1994), pp. 101-105.
Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, "Black laws for Kashmiris", The News, March 30, . 17
. 2002

Naseem Ahmed, "Pakistan Taliban Policy 1994-1999", The Dialogue vii, . 18


no. 1 (January-March 2002): pp. 82-95.
Repercussions for Pakistan," Pakistan Journal of History and Culture . 19
xxxiii , For detail see Fazal Rabbi, "US-led War on Terrorism and its
no. 2 (July-December 2012): pp. 71-90
Ibid, 81-82. See also Kamal Matinuddin, "Post 9/11 Afghanistan", South . 20
Asia Journal Issue 3 (January-March 2004), pp. 108.
Khurshid Mehmood Kasuri, "Pakistan's Foreign Policy", Pakistan Horizon . 21
Vol. 58, no. 3 (July 2005), pp. 48. 50.
counter-terrorism”, http://issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/13794792 . 22
Ras hi d Ahme d Kh an , “P ak is ta n and Ch in a : Coop erat ion in
13_96964375.pdf (accessed 25.3.2016).

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