LTE-Advanced:

Enhanced aggregation scheme in

contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation.

Agyeman Rockson
Department of Information and Communications Engineering
Yeungnam University.
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Literaturereview
• Idea proposal
• Algorithm Proposal
• Simulation results
Introduction: Evolution of Mobile Communication Technologies
 Contributing factors
• Reduction in the price of mobile equipments

• Increase in the use of social media

• Increased online gaming

• Increased video streaming

K.G.Coffman and A.M.Odlyzko. Growth of the Internet. AT&T Labs - Research. 2001. PP 3 - 11
4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile
telecommunications technology, succeeding 3G systems
with the objective of providing high data rate.

Examples of 4G technologies
• Long Term Evolution (LTE),
• LTE–Advanced (LTE-A) and
• Mobile WiMAX.
 Overview: LTE–Advance

• Support downlink peak data rates up to 1 Gb/s

• Supports Carrier Aggregation
• Higher order MIMO
• Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination

• 3GPP TR 36.913, Requirements for further advancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA),
v.8.0.1, March 2009.

• L. Miller. Carrier Aggregation Fundamentals for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2016.
Carrier Aggregation

3GPP Release 12 specifications

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Up to 5 Carrier channels can be aggregated

• Each channel’s bandwidth can be up to 20MHz

• Therefore 20MHz X 5 CCs = 100MHz bandwidth

3GPP TR 36.913, Requirements for further advancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA),
v.8.0.1, Mar. 2009.
Difference between Multi-carrier and Carrier Aggregation
Classes of carrier aggregation schemes

A. Z. Yonis, M. F. L. Abdullah and M. F. Ghanim, “Design and Implementation of Intra band Contiguous
Component Carriers on LTE-A”, International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 41, no. 14, (2012)
, pp. 25-30.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
------------------------------------------
Researches already
conducted in Contiguous CA
LITERATURE REVIEW: Carrier Aggregation Performance

* Using 20MHz of bandwidth

per Carrier Channel

A.Z.Yonis, M. F. L. Abdullah and M. F. Ghanim, "Design and Implementation of Intra band Contiguous Component
Carriers on LTE-A", International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 41, No. 14, Mar. 2012, pp 28 - 29
• 3GPP TS 36.101. “Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-
UTRA). User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (Release 10)”. V10.2.1. Mar. 2011. pp 21

• Anritsu. "Understanding LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation". Vol. 2, no.1, pp 26, Sep. 2013
3GPP TS 36.101. “Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network. Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (E-UTRA). User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (Release 10)”. V10.2.1.
Mar. 2011. pp 21
 Idea Proposal
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Enhanced aggregation scheme in

contiguous intra-band carrier
aggregation.
Idea Proposal

3GPP TS 36.101. “Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network. Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(E-UTRA). User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (Release 10)”. V10.2.1. Mar. 2011. pp 18
• TS 36.101 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception. 2012.
• Anritsu. "Understanding LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation". Vol. 2, no.1, pp 26, Sep. 2013
Idea Proposal
Carrier Aggregation configurations for intra-band contiguous CA

TS 36.101 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception. 2012.

Idea Proposal
OVERALL OBJECTIVE
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Generate a wider bandwidth (>40MHz)
of an aggregated downlink waveform
using the approved 3 (10MHz, 15MHz
and 20MHz, at most) contiguous
channels in the CA_40 configuration.
Algorithm Proposal
Algorithm Discussion
• Defined the number of component carriers and bandwidths
➢ 3 contiguous carriers
➢ Defined carrier bandwidths ( at most 10,15 and 20MHz)

• Component Carrier (CC) configuration

➢ Used 1X3 vector to define the number of Resource Block (RBs)
for each component carrier
➢ CC1 -> 50 RBs, CC2 -> 75RBs, CC3 -> 100RBs
Algorithm Discussion
• Defined the number of component carriers and bandwidths
➢ 3 contiguous carriers
➢ Defined carrier bandwidths ( at most 10,15 and 20MHz)

• Component Carrier (CC) configuration

➢ Used 1X3 vector to define the number of Resource Block (RBs)
for each component carrier
➢ CC1 -> 50 RBs, CC2 -> 75RBs, CC3 -> 100RBs
Algorithm Discussion
• Carrier aggregation parameter calculation
➢ Defined vector to contain the center frequencies of each carrier
➢ Defined the Lower CC to have center frequency of 0MHz
➢ Defined the spacing between each carrier (15 kHz)
➢ Calculated the lower and higher frequency edges

Zhang L, Liu F, Huang L, Wang WB (2010) Traffic load balance methods in the LTE-Advanced system with carrier
aggregation. International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS) pp: 63-67.
Algorithm Discussion
• Oversampling Rate Calculation
➢ * Made an assumption for 90% bandwidth consumption
➢ Calculate sampling rates of the component carriers
➢ Calculate overall sampling rate for the aggregated signal based
on the individual sampling rates.
Algorithm Discussion
• Waveform generation and carrier aggregation
➢ Generated the waveform for each CC sampling it at the overall
sample rate
➢ Modulated using Frequency Modulation
➢ Aggregated to form the aggregated signal

• Carrier aggregation waveform spectrum plotting

Simulation Results

http://www.sharetechnote.com/html/LTE_Advanced_RRC_BandCombination.html#36_101_Table_5_6A_1_1
Simulation Results
• BW (Aggregated Channel) : 44.6000 MHz

• Component Carrier 1: Fc: 16.8000 MHz

• Component Carrier 2: Fc: 4.8000 MHz

• Component Carrier 3: Fc: 12.3000 MHz

Simulation Results
Simulation Results
 Simulation Results [observation]

➢ CC1 -> 100 RBs, CC2 -> 75RBs, CC3 -> 25RBs
 Simulation Results [observation]

➢ CC1 -> 25 RBs, CC2 -> 75RBs, CC3 -> 100RBs

Results based Conclusion
• The size of the Resource Blocks (RB) affects the
bandwidth of a carrier.

• The order of the aggregation based on the RB sizes

of each contribution carrier affects the overall
aggregated bandwidth.

• Thus, an ascending order of aggregation is the most

optimal.
Thank You.