Communication Research Guide and Format

COMMUNICATION RESEARCH
GUIDE AND FORMAT
Compiled by:
Dr. Rudolf Anthony A. Lacerna

Chairperson, Department of Communication Research
Program Chair, Master in Communication
QUANTITATIVE
(Guide and Format)
QUANTITATIVE COMMUNICATION RESEARCH
(Guide and Format)
Preliminaries
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Certification-and-Approval Sheet
- Acknowledgments
- Certification of Originality
- Abstract
- Table of Contents
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
Chapter 1: PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction
- Brief introduction of the study shall be discussed in this section. The discussion
shall flow from macro approach going to micro.
- Provide justification from relevant literature, researches and current statistics from
reputable individuals and organizations on why the communication research topic
is worth-pursuing.
- Briefly discuss the research locale as well as the respondents of the study that will
establish that the chosen communication research topic is worth-conducting.
- Conclude this section with the purpose of the study based on the entire discussion.
Theoretical Framework
- Explain existing theory or theories of communication scholars that are related to
the research problem. Theories from existing literature or studies are also
accepted.
- Provide discussion on the variables of the theory as well as its connected to each
other.
- Illustrate the original model of the theory, if there’s any. If no model, construct a
model on how the researcher understands the theory.
Conceptual Framework
- Discuss how the variables in the research problem are applicable in the variables
of the theory/ies.
- Adapt the existing or construct model from theory and apply the variables of the
study.
- In case the researcher will use more than one theory, integrate the concepts in the
development of a model or Integrated Paradigm.
Statement of the Problem

- Provide a logical statement on why the research should be conducted.
- Conclude the paragraph with the general research question.
- Enumerate the specific research problem or research objectives that will cover the
general research question.
- Number the specific research problems or objectives so that these can easily be
the point of reference in reporting the research findings.
Hypothesis or Assumptions
- Hypothesis are used if the researcher will test the significant differences or
significant relationship among the variables. Assumption, on the other hand, shall
use if no variable testing will happen.
- Assumption must be based on the numbered specific research problems.
Scope and Limitations of the Study

- Discuss the scope of the study that includes the question/s subject for investigated
to the respondents (focus), the research locale (locus) and the manner how the
research questions will be answered (modus).
- Identify the restrictions and other factors that are beyond the control of the
researcher which eventually affect in generalizing findings to the target population.
Significance of the Study

- Explain the relevance and the contribution of the chosen research topic in the field
of communication.
- Identify the beneficiaries of the study (agencies or organizations, community,
group of people and the like) and explain how they benefit in the results of the
study.
Chapter 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Themes anchored to the variables of the present study
- The review of the related literature and studies should be presented thematically.
Sub-headings according to the themes must be anchored to the variables of the
present study in the Statement of the Problem in Chapter 1.
- Discussion of the review should be comprehensive and relevant. Related studies,
local or foreign, included should be updated or the research was completed 10
years prior to the present study. Related studies usually include findings of
research undertakings from research journals, monographs, theses and
dissertations found in both library and online sources.
- As much as possible, up-to-date publications are also expected in the local and/or
foreign literature. Existing literature includes information found in books,
encyclopedia, almanacs, professional journals, magazines, periodicals,
newspapers and the likes in both library and online.
Meanwhile, the following trails may be utilized by the researchers:
• Human Trail – Perspectives of the experts who have more than enough
knowledge on the research topic may consider by the researchers.
• Paper Trail – This includes related secondary materials written by local or

foreign authors or researchers in reputable publications.
• Electronic Trail – Researchers may consider information from traditional

and digital media. Traditional media include television programs, radio
programs and even films. On the other hand, digital media may also be
used in providing relevant information through different search engines as
long as the company or the web owners are credible and reputable.
Information in open sources are not recognized in research undertakings.
Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

- Close this Chapter with the Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies.
- Summarize the collected information per theme and link to the relevance to the
study being investigated.
- Establish the idea on why the study is worth-pursuing.
- Proper attribution should be practiced by the researchers. Follow the APA Citation
Style in documenting information.
Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY
Method of Research
Communication Research Plan must address the following questions: (Pernia, 2004)
- What do you want to find out? How can you best do that?
o Discuss the quantitative research and justify how the research problems
and/or objectives will be answered or attained through employing this
approach.
- Why conducted a study? How is the study to be used?
o Mention the rationale of your study including its relevance in the field of
communication as well as its beneficiaries. From that, explain the type of
research according to purpose (explanatory, exploratory, descriptive,
evaluative) or research according to type (basic research, applied
research).
- How does the study treat time?
o Explain the limitation of your study as stated in the Scope and Limitation
of the Study in Chapter 1
- What research techniques to be used?
o Discuss the research method/s used to provide information that will
address the research problem. This could be in the form of survey or
content analysis.
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique

- Discuss the research locale and specify the population from which the sample is
drawn. Number of population should be based on the records of the authorized
unit or agency. For example, if the research locale is the PUP Open University
System, report on population or the number of students officially enrolled is
reported by the Registrar’s Office.
- Explain the method of determining the sample size or number of respondents.
- Provide discussion on the sampling technique used by the researchers. This can
be a probability (random, stratified, cluster) or a non-probability (purposive,
snowball, quota) selection method.
Description of the Respondents

- Describe the unit of analysis or respondents of the study.
- Provide tables to present the characteristics of the respondents relevant in the
attaining the purpose of research.
Research Instrument
- Describe the research instrument used – Survey Questionnaire (Survey) or
Coding Sheet and Coding Guide (Content Analysis).
- Make sure that the instrument is valid and reliable to attain the research problems
and/or objectives and accurate that is understandable by the respondents.
- Discuss the parts of the instrument.
- Researchers may construct their own instrument. Contents or indicators that
measure the research variable must be based on existing literature and/or studies.
- For researcher-made questionnaire, make sure that the instrument will undergo
validity and reliability testing. Revision brought by the pre or pilot testing should
explain.
- Researchers may adopt (copy the original) or adapt (modified the original
instrument of the proponent) instrument as long as the proponent is properly cited.
- Scoring procedures, value and verbal interpretation must discuss.
Data-Gathering Procedure
- Discuss the following:
o Conceptualization of proposal
o Approval of the research proposal
o Library research
o Finalization of research instrument and the distribution procedure
o Collection, interpretation and analysis of data
o Completion of the research paper
Statistical Treatment of Data

- Enumerate the statistics used by the researchers and mention what research
problems were addressed by the tools.
- Descriptive statistics (percentage, ranking, mean, etc.) are used for the
description of the characteristics of the variables while inferential statistics (chi-
square, t-test, f-test, correlation, etc.) are used for testing the significant
relationship or significant difference between and among variables (hypothesis
testing).
Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
- This chapter presents the results of the study or the information that are generated
to address the research questions. Provide numbered sub-headings based on the
Statement of the Problem in Chapter 1.
- The presentation of results is in tabular or figure form followed by the discussion.
- The discussion must include the analysis of the researchers to the results through
the support of the theoretical concepts, review of existing literature or studies and
others.
- Provide logical concluding statement based on the results of the present study and
the cited literature and/or studies as premises.
Chapter 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings
- Present the findings derived from the discussion in the previous chapter that is also
numbered.
Conclusions
- Accompany conclusion based on the enumerated findings. This is also numbered
parallel to the Statement of the Problem (Chapter 1), Results and Discussion
(Chapter 4) and Summary of Findings (Chapter 5).
Recommendations
- Provide suggestions to the research beneficiaries, indicated in the Significance of
the Study in Chapter 1, based on the general or specific findings of the study.
References
- Use the APA Citation Style (latest edition).
Appendices
- Instrument
- Correspondence
- Certificate of Originality Check
- Certification of Statistical Treatment
- Certificate of Editing
- Biographical Statement (paragraph consisting of 100-150 words)
QUALITATIVE
(Guide and Format)
QUALITATIVE COMMUNICATION RESEARCH
(Guide and Format)
Preliminaries
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Acknowledgments
- Abstract
- Table of Contents
- List of Matrices
- List of Figures
Introduction
reputable individuals and organizations on why the research topic is worth-
pursuing.
- Briefly discuss the research locale that will establish that the chosen research topic
is worth-pursuing.

Thesis Arguments
- These are the research postulates that were already verified in the previous
undertakings. These are numbered and anchored in the sub-problems.
accepted.
other.
of the theory/ies.
study.


of communication.
study.



Research Design
o Discuss the qualitative research and justify how the research problems
approach.
research).
Tradition of Inquiry and Data-Generation Method

- Identify the qualitative research tradition of inquiry based on the research problem.
The qualitative research traditions are Case Study, Action Research, Oral
History, Phenomenology, Ethnography and Grounded Theory.
- Discuss the technique/s on how, in the best was, the researcher generate data
from their participants or informants. Techniques include interview, focused-
group discussion, observation and field work or immersion.
Sources of Data
- Provide discussion on the selection method used by the researchers. This can be
purposive, snowball, quota non-probability (non-probability selection method).
- Describe the selected informants and why they were selected (criteria).
Instrumentation
- Describe the research instrument used – Interview Guide (Interview), Discussion
Guide (Focused-Group Discussion), Observation Guide (Observation and
Immersion).
Ethical Consideration
- Explain that the researchers seek permission to the authority of the community (if
community is involved) in the conduct of study.
- It is important to discuss the research purposes were discussed and understood
by the informants. The informants reserved the rights if they want to reveal their
identify or not. If the informants not allowed to reveal their identity, provide code
names.

- Provide discussion per coded theme of the qualitative data in every research sub-
problem. Coded themes are established from the pattern of statements of the
informants.
- Support each coded theme with the theoretical concepts, review of existing
literature or studies and others.
- Provide logical concluding statement based on the coded theme and the cited
literature and/or studies as premises.
- At the end of the narrative presentation, present the statements of the informants
(verbatim) through matrix in landscape orientation. Coded theme, name or code
name of the informants and statements are presented in the matrix.

Summary of Findings
- Identify the generated themes as findings derived from the discussion in the
previous chapter that is also numbered.
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
Appendices
- Instrument
- Correspondence
- Transcription
RESEARCH-BASED
PRODUCTION
(Guide and Format)
RESEARCH-BASED PRODUCTION
(Guide and Format)
Preliminaries
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Acknowledgments
- Abstract
- Table of Contents
- List of Matrices
- List of Figures
Introduction
reputable individuals and organizations on why the research topic is worth-
pursuing.
- Briefly discuss the research locale that will establish that the chosen research topic
is worth-pursuing.

accepted.
other.
of the theory/ies.
study.


of communication.
study.



Research Design
o Discuss the qualitative research and justify how the research problems
approach.
research).
Tradition of Inquiry and Data-Generation Method

- Identify the qualitative research tradition of inquiry based on the research problem.
The qualitative research traditions are Case Study, Action Research, Oral
History, Phenomenology, Ethnography and Grounded Theory.
- Discuss the technique/s on how, in the best was, the researcher generate data
from their participants or informants. Techniques include interview, focused-
group discussion, observation and field work or immersion.
- Discuss the Stages of Production – Pre-Production Stage, Production Stage, Post-
Production Stage.
- Provide explanation on the project utilization
Sources of Data
- Provide discussion on the selection method used by the researchers. This can be
purposive, snowball, quota non-probability (non-probability selection method).
- Describe the selected informants and why they were selected (criteria).
Instrumentation
- Describe the research instrument used – Interview Guide (Interview), Discussion
Guide (Focused-Group Discussion), Observation Guide (Observation and
Immersion).
Ethical Consideration
- Explain that the researchers seek permission to the authority of the community (if
community is involved) in the conduct of study.
- It is important to discuss the research purposes were discussed and understood
by the informants. The informants reserved the rights if they want to reveal their
identify or not. If the informants not allowed to reveal their identity, provide code
names.

- Provide discussion per coded theme of the qualitative data in every research sub-
problem. Coded themes are established from the pattern of statements of the
informants.
- Support each coded theme with the theoretical concepts, review of existing
literature or studies and others.
- Provide logical concluding statement based on the coded theme and the cited
literature and/or studies as premises.
- At the end of the narrative presentation, present the statements of the informants
(verbatim) through matrix in landscape orientation. Coded theme, name or code
name of the informants and statements are presented in the matrix.
- Last part of this portion of the study is the script based on the gathered data.

Summary of Findings
- Identify the generated themes as findings derived from the discussion in the
previous chapter that is also numbered.
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
Appendices
- Instrument
- Correspondence
- Transcription
- Script
GENERAL RESEARCH FORMAT
(Adopted from PUP University Thesis and
Dissertation Manual)
Paper and Printing Specifications
Print the final copy with a laser printer using only one side of a standard-sized PUP
template (8.5 x 11 inches).
Font Specifications
Use 11-point Arial font throughout the thesis or dissertation except when
compressing a large table.
Spacing
Double space the text; single-space long quotations, table and figure captions, and
similar special materials (e.g., table legend). Type triple-spaced from the top margin,
centered, boldfaced, and in ALL CAPS all headings of the preliminary section (except the
Copyright Page and Title Page) and all chapter titles.
Margins
Leave 1.5 inches for the left margin to allow for binding and trimming and 1 inch
for the top, bottom, and right margins.
Page Numbering
Paginate the preliminaries by using lowercase Roman numerals at the center,
bottom margin.
Use Arabic numerals to paginate the text, references, and appendices. Number all
the pages consecutively starting at number 2 on the second page of the first chapter. The
first page of each chapter, though counted, shall not be numbered.
Type the page number at the upper right-hand corner of the paper (i.e., tables and
figures).
Preliminaries
The preliminaries include the copyright page, title page, certification-and-approval
sheet, certification of originality, acknowledgments, abstract, table of contents, list of
tables, and list of figures.
Copyright Page
Include a Copyright Page in each final copy to show that the research has been
copyrighted and put it before the Title Page.
Apply for the copyrighting of the manuscript at the PUP Intellectual Property
Management Office. Five (5) CDs of soft copy shall be prepared for copyright purposes.
Cover and Title Pages
Follow the instructions on the attached sample-form pages. Note which items are
in ALL CAPS and which are not. Note the approximate size of the print.
Certification-and-Approval Sheet
Prepare a Certification-and-Approval Sheet. Refer to the attached sample for the
wording and format that shall be followed faithfully. Include this sheet in each final copy of
the research.
The CERTIFICATION is an attestation by the Thesis/Dissertation Evaluation
Committee that the paper has been examined and recommended for oral examination.
Type triple-spaced from the top margin, centered, boldfaced, and in ALL CAPS the
heading CERTIFICATION.
The APPROVAL contains the formal approval or commendation of the Panel on
Oral Examination (three members for a thesis and five members for a dissertation, both
headed by a chair).
Acknowledgments
Type triple-spaced from the top margin, centered, boldfaced and in ALL CAPS the
heading ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Double-space the text that begins three single spaces
from the heading.
Certification of Originality
heading CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY. Double-space the text that begins three
spaces from the heading.
All copies to be submitted shall contain an original Certification of Originality
bearing the actual (not photocopied) signature of the researcher.
Abstract
The abstract is a brief descriptive summary of the thesis or dissertation. It contains
the main objective of the study, a brief description of the research method, major findings,
conclusions or main arguments, and recommendations.
heading ABSTRACT. Type triple-spaced from the heading the following data that are
double-spaced, flush with the left margin: thesis/dissertation title, researcher’s name,
degree, name of granting institution, year of completion, and adviser’s name.
The abstract, which shall not exceed 250 words, is double spaced, except the title
of the thesis or dissertation which is typed single-spaced. A minimum of five (5) keywords
shall be written on the lower part of the abstract page with the “Polytechnic University of
the Philippines” and the title of the program being constant keywords.
Table of Contents
The Table of Contents comes after the abstract. Type triple-spaced from the top
margin, centered, boldfaced, and in ALL CAPS the heading TABLE OF CONTENTS. Type
double-spaced from the heading. It shall list all elements of the preliminaries, chapter titles,
main headings, references, and appendices. The beginning page number of each section
is indicated along the right margin. The numbering of the chapters and the wording,
capitalization, and punctuation of titles and headings, shall be exactly the same as they
are in the text.
APPENDICES
(Adopted from PUP University Thesis and
Dissertation Manual)
Appendix 1: Cover Page Format
(Space between the first line of the title and the top edge of the cover shall be
6 inches)
THESIS TITLE
(Typewritten in inverted pyramid style, 14-point, Arial and ALL CAPS)
(8 spaces)
Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Open University System
(10 single spaces)
NAME
(2 spaces)
(Note: All entries shall be typewritten in 14-point
Degree Arial font and in a bold face. Only the title
Program
of the thesis/dissertation and the name of the researcher shall be written in ALL CAPS.)
(8 spaces)
Year of Graduation
Appendix 2: Title Page Format
(First line of the title of thesis/dissertation must be typed 6 spaces from the
paper’s top margin.)
THESIS TITLE
(Typewritten in inverted pyramid style, 14-point, Arial, and ALL CAPS)
(6 spaces)
A Thesis
Presented to the Course Specialists of the
Sta. Mesa, Manila
(6 spaces)
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Communication
(8 spaces)
(Note: Except for the Title, all entries shall By

be typed using 12-point font)
(4 spaces)
Name of Researchers (bold face)
(2 spaces)
Month and Year of Graduation

Appendix 3: Copyright Page Format
Philippine Copyright 2017

by the Researchers
(Names with Middle Name/s)
and the
Institute of Open and Distance Education
All rights reserved. Portions of this manuscript may be reproduced with proper
referencing and due acknowledgment of the author.
Appendix 4: Certification-and-Approval-Format
CERTIFICATION
This thesis/dissertation, TITLE OF THESIS (IN ALL CAPS, ITALICIZED,
AND IN BOLD FACE) prepared and submitted by NAME OF RESEARCHERS
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree, Bachelor of Arts in
Broadcast Communication has been examined and recommended for Oral
Examination.
Evaluation Committee
RUDOLF ANTHONY A. LACERNA, DEM

Adviser
PRESTOLINE S. SUYAT, MC EVELYN S. AGATO, MA

Member Member
MALAYA A. YGOT, MC
Member
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPROVAL
Approved by the Panel on Oral Examination on (date of oral defense) with

the grade of _____.
MALAYA A. YGOT, MC
Chair
PRESTOLINE S. SUYAT, MC EVELYN S. AGATO, MA

Member Member
Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

Arts in Broadcast Communication.
ANNA RUBY P. GAPASIN, DEM

Executive Director
Appendix 5: Certification of Originality Format
CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that the research work presented in this thesis, COMPLETE
TITLE OF THE THESIS for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast
Communication at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Open
University System embodies the result of original and scholarly work carried
out by the undersigned. This dissertation does not contain words or ideas taken
from published sources or written works that have been accepted as basis for
the award of a degree from any other higher education institution, except where
proper referencing and acknowledgment were made.
(Signature)
NAME OF RESEARCHER
Researcher
___________________________
Date Signed (date, month, year)
(Type triple-spaced from the top margin, centered, boldfaced, and in ALL CAPS the
heading CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY.)
Appendix 6: Abstract Format
ABSTRACT
Title : Title of Thesis / Dissertation
Researcher/s : Name of Researcher
Degree : Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Communication
Institution : Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Year : 2018
Adviser : Dr. Rudolf Anthony A. Lacerna
(Note: Abstract should be double-spaced, and not more than 250 words.)
1st Paragraph: Research Problem Statement
2nd Paragraph: Study Framework
3rd Paragraph: Methodology
4th Paragraph: Significant Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations
Keywords: (at least 5 keywords. Include Polytechnic University of the

Philippines)
Appendix 7: Spine Format
BABRC
If group members’ names do not fit the space,

you may use the surname of the leader
TITLE OF THE RESEARCH

followed by “et.al.”
If the title is too long, shorten; Include only the

significant variables of the study
RESEARCHER 4
RESEARCHER 3
RESEARCHER 2
RESEARCHER 1
2017
Appendix 8: List of Tables Format
LIST OF TABLES
Number Title Page
1 Distribution of the Respondents according to Age 32
2 Distribution of the Respondents according to Sex 34
(Use LIST OF MATRICES for Qualitative Research)

Appendix 8: List of Tables Format
LIST OF FIGURES
Number Title Page
1 Expectancy Violation Theory 17
2 Expectancy Violation Theory Applied in the Study 19

Appendix 9: Proposal Evaluation Format
EVALUATION OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Researchers: __________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Degree Program : Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Communication
Proposed Title: ____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
Part I. Manuscript Presented (70%)
A. The Problem (30%)

a. Significance and contribution of the problem to institutional, regional and
national goals _____
b. Relevance, strength and utilization of theories, concepts, relevant literature to
the entire research work ______
Subtotal _______
B. Design and Procedure (40%)
a. Appropriateness of research design and/or method/s _____
b. Appropriateness of research instruments ______
c. Appropriateness of statistical methods to generate data for presentation in
answering sub-problems _____
Subtotal _______
Part II: Oral Defense (30%)
A. Conceptualization and understanding research proposal as a whole _____

B. Ability to express ideas clearly in the oral presentation of research proposal______
C. Ability to comprehend question and to provide intelligent and sensible
answers/interpretation/explanations ________
Subtotal _______
95-100 - 1.0 Summary of Rating:
90-94 - 1.25 Part I.
85-89 - 1.50 Subtotal A ______
80-84 - 1.75 Subtotal B ______
75-79 - 2.0
70-74 - 2.25 Part II.
65-69 - 2.5 Subtotal C ______
60-64 - 2.75
55-59 - 3.0 Grand Total ______
Below 55 - Re-defense
Equivalent Grade ______
Verbal Equivalent (please check)
__ Passed ___ Re-Defense
_____________________________________
Signature Over Printed Name of Panel Member
Appendix 10: Completed Research Evaluation Format
EVALUATION OF COMPLETED RESEARCH
Researchers: __________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Degree Program : Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Communication
Research Title: ____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
Part I. Manuscript Presented (70%)
A. The Problem (10%)

a. Significance and contribution of the problem to institutional, regional and national
goals _____
b. Relevance, strength and utilization of theories, concepts, relevant literature to the
entire research work ______
Subtotal _______
B. Design and Procedure (15%)
a. Appropriateness of research design and/or method/s _____
b. Appropriateness of research instruments ______
c. Appropriateness of statistical methods to generate data for presentation in
answering sub-problems _____
Subtotal _______
C. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation (30%)
a. Logical presentation of findings in accordance with statement of specific problems
______
b. Quality and accuracy of data presented in tables and discussed in text _____
c. Depth of analysis _______
d. Interpretation/implementation of findings based on secondary techniques and/or
theoretical framework as well as materials reviewed ________
e. Consistency of interpretation with data presented and analyzed _________
Subtotal _______
D. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation (15%)
a. Quality of summary to include statement of the problem, methods of findings
_______
b. Consistency of conclusion with problem findings and results ________
c. Consistency of recommendation with findings and conclusion _________
d. Attainability and practicality of recommendations __________
Subtotal _______
Part II: Oral Defense (30%)
A. Conceptualization and understanding research proposal as a whole _____

B. Ability to express ideas clearly in the oral presentation of research proposal______
C. Ability to comprehend question and to provide intelligent and sensible
answers/interpretation/explanations ________
Subtotal _______
Summary of Rating:
Part I.
95-100 - 1.0 Subtotal A ______
90-94 - 1.25 Subtotal B ______
85-89 - 1.50 Subtotal C ______
80-84 - 1.75 Subtotal D ______
75-79 - 2.0
70-74 - 2.25 Part II.
65-69 - 2.5 Subtotal ______
60-64 - 2.75
Grand Total ______
55-59 - 3.0
Below 55 - Re-defense Equivalent Grade ______
Verbal Equivalent (please check)
__ Passed ___ Re-Defense
______________________________________
Signature Over Printed Name of Panel Member
References
Bernarte, R., Borican, A. & Gapasin, A. (2011). College of Communication Research
Guide and Format. Manila: COC Research, Extension and Linkage Office.
Lacerna, R. (2018). Communication Research Manual for Distance Learners. Manila;
PUP Open University System.
Lacerna, R. (2018). Modules in Introduction to Communication Research for
Distance Learners. Manila; PUP Open University System.
Lacerna, R. (2019). Broadcasting Research: A Modular Approach for Distance
Learners. Manila; PUP Open University System.
Patton, Michael & Creswell, John. (nd). How to do Qualitative Evaluation.
Pernia, Elena (2004). Communication Research in the Philippines: Issues and
Methods. Diliman: UP Press.
Open University System. (2009). Research Policy Guide for Learners. Manila: PUP
OUS Center for Accreditation, Research and Extension.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines. (2017). University Thesis and Dissertation
Manual. Manila: PUP Office of the Vice President for Research, Extension and
Development.

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COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

GUIDE AND FORMAT

Dr. Rudolf Anthony A. Lacerna

Chapter 1: PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Significance of the Study

Meanwhile, the following trails may be utilized by the researchers:

• Paper Trail – This includes related secondary materials written by local or

• Electronic Trail – Researchers may consider information from traditional

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique

Description of the Respondents

Statistical Treatment of Data

Chapter 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Significance of the Study

Meanwhile, the following trails may be utilized by the researchers:

• Paper Trail – This includes related secondary materials written by local or

• Electronic Trail – Researchers may consider information from traditional

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

Tradition of Inquiry and Data-Generation Method

Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Chapter 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Significance of the Study

Meanwhile, the following trails may be utilized by the researchers:

• Paper Trail – This includes related secondary materials written by local or

• Electronic Trail – Researchers may consider information from traditional

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

Tradition of Inquiry and Data-Generation Method

Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Chapter 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

(10 single spaces)

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree

(Note: Except for the Title, all entries shall By

Name of Researchers (bold face)

Month and Year of Graduation

Philippine Copyright 2017

RUDOLF ANTHONY A. LACERNA, DEM

PRESTOLINE S. SUYAT, MC EVELYN S. AGATO, MA

Approved by the Panel on Oral Examination on (date of oral defense) with

PRESTOLINE S. SUYAT, MC EVELYN S. AGATO, MA

Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of

ANNA RUBY P. GAPASIN, DEM

TITLE OF THE THESIS for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast

Communication at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Open

proper referencing and acknowledgment were made.

Title : Title of Thesis / Dissertation

Researcher/s : Name of Researcher

Degree : Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Communication

Institution : Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Adviser : Dr. Rudolf Anthony A. Lacerna

1st Paragraph: Research Problem Statement

2nd Paragraph: Study Framework

3rd Paragraph: Methodology

4th Paragraph: Significant Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations

Keywords: (at least 5 keywords. Include Polytechnic University of the

If group members’ names do not fit the space,

TITLE OF THE RESEARCH

Passed _ Re-Defense

Passed _ Re-Defense