PR1 Lesson 1

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Nicanor Roxas St. San Roque, Marikina City
PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
LESSON 1:
Nature of Inquiry and
Research
What is INQUIRY?
� Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or
knowledge”.
� The information is sought through questioning.

Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till
death.
� The process of inquiry begins with gathering

information and data through applying the various
human senses.
What is RESEARCH?
� Research is the systematic investigation and study of

material and sources to establish and reach new
conclusions.
� Research is an act of studying something carefully and

extensively in order to attain deep knowledge.
Role of Research
� An inquiry process.
� A formal process of problem solving.
� A set of procedures and stages.
� It originates with a questions or a problem.
� Often an interactive process.

Why conduct RESEARCH?

� To gather necessary information
� To make change
� To improve the standard of living
� For a safer life
� To know the Truth
� To explore our history
� To understand arts
Research and Other Fields

� Economic Research refers to matters concerning the
environment and which may lead to improved
techniques t ensure sustained food production.
� Social Research leads to an increases knowledge of

people and their interactions with one another, which
could be relevant to policy makers.
� Environmental Research focuses in improved

techniques to ensure sustainable food production.
Research and Other Fields
� Cultural Research leads to increased understanding of

cultural values or social approaches.
� Health Research contributes to a better understanding

of the causes of medical conditions.
Characteristics of Research
�EMPIRICAL
�Research is based on observations and
experimentation of theories. It takes into
account the direct experiences that fuse the
researcher’s speculation with reality. Most
researches are based on real-life situations.
�SYSTEMATIC
�Research follows orderly and sequential
procedures, based on valid procedures and
principles. Researchers are advised to refer to
the research guidelines provided or
prescribed by the school.
�CONTROLLED
�In research, all variables, except those that
are tested/experimented on, are kept
constant.
�EMPLOYS HYPOTHESIS
�The hypothesis guides the investigation
process. Research refers to a search for facts,
answers to questions and solutions to
problems.
�ANALYTICAL
�There is a critical analysis of all data used so
that there is no error in the researcher’s
interpretation.
�OBJECTIVE
�The term also refers to the research as
unbiased and logical. All findings are logically
based on empirical data, which as earlier
mentioned, are based on real life situations.
�ORIGINAL WORK
�Requires effort to get at the researcher’s own
investigation and produce the data needed
to complete the study.
Ethical Consideration in
Qualitative Research
Ethical Consideration in Qualitative Research
1.

1.

The Research Process

Qualitative vs. Quantitative

Qualitative vs. Quantitative

� Qualitative research is expressed in
� Quantitative research is expressed in
words. It is used to understand
numbers and graphs. It is used to test
concepts, thoughts or experiences.
or confirm theories and assumptions.
This type of research enables you to
This type of research can be used to
gather in-depth insights on topics that
establish generalizable facts about a
are not well understood.
topic.
� Common qualitative methods

� Common quantitative methods
include interviews with open-ended
include experiments, observations
questions, observations described in
recorded as numbers, and surveys
words, and literature reviews that
with closed-ended questions.
explore concepts and theories.
Types of Research
Types of Research
�Applied Research
�It is designed to solve practical problems of the
modern world, rather than to acquire
knowledge’s sake.
�It’s goal is to improve human condition.

Types of Research
�Basic Research
�Also referred to as fundamental or pure research,
is driven by a scientist’s curiosity or interest in a
scientific question.
�The main motivation is to extend man’s

knowledge, not to create or invent things.
Types of Research
�Correlational Research
�Refers to the systematic investigation or statistical
study of relationship among two or more
variable, without necessarily determining cause
and effect.
Types of Research
�Descriptive Research
�Refers to research that provides an accurate
portrayal of a class or a particular individual
situation or group.
�It is also known as statistical research.

Types of Research
�Ethnographic Research
�Refers to the investigation of a culture through an
in-depth study of the members of the culture.
Types of Research
�Two Approaches of Ethnographic Research
�Realist – researcher provides an objective
account of the situation.
�Critical – researcher shows his advocacy

for a marginalized group or attempts to
empower the group by giving it voice.
Types of Research
�Experimental Research
�It is an objective, systematic, controlled
investigation, for the purpose of predicting and
controlling phenomena and examining
probability and causality among selected
variables.
Types of Research
�Historical Research
�It is one involving analysis of events that occurred
in the remote or recent past. It can show patterns
that occurred in the past and over time which
can help to see where we came from and what
kind of solutions we have used in the past.
Types of Research
�Phenomenological Research
�It is an inductive descriptive research developed
from phenomenological philosophy. Its aim is to
describe an experience as it is actually lived by
the person.
�Its is concerned with the study of experience from

the perspective of the individual.
Types of Research
�Action Research
�It involves the application of the steps of the
scientific method in the classroom problems. This
type of research is done on a very limited scope.
Types of Research
�Types of Case Studies
�Intrinsic Case Study is conducted to understand

a particular case that may be unusual or unique.
Types of Research
�Instrumental Case Study represents some other

issues under study and the researcher believes
that this particular case can provide additional
insights into that issue.
Types of Research
�Multiple or Collective Case Study uses several

cases selected to further understand and
investigate a phenomenon, population or
general condition.
Types of Research
�Content Analysis
�It is a type of research applied to written or visual
materials. Some materials that can be analyzed
can be textbooks, newspapers, web pages, for
the purpose of identifying specified
characteristics of the materials.

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

� The information is sought through questioning.

� The process of inquiry begins with gathering

� Research is the systematic investigation and study of

� Research is an act of studying something carefully and

� A formal process of problem solving.

� A set of procedures and stages.

� It originates with a questions or a problem.

� Often an interactive process.

Why conduct RESEARCH?

Research and Other Fields

� Social Research leads to an increases knowledge of

� Environmental Research focuses in improved

Research and Other Fields

� Cultural Research leads to increased understanding of

� Health Research contributes to a better understanding

Ethical Consideration in Qualitative Research

Ethical Consideration in Qualitative Research

Ethical Consideration in Qualitative Research

The Research Process

Qualitative vs. Quantitative

Qualitative vs. Quantitative

� Common qualitative methods

�It’s goal is to improve human condition.

�The main motivation is to extend man’s

�It is also known as statistical research.

�Critical – researcher shows his advocacy

�Its is concerned with the study of experience from

�Types of Case Studies

�Intrinsic Case Study is conducted to understand

�Types of Case Studies

�Instrumental Case Study represents some other

�Types of Case Studies

�Multiple or Collective Case Study uses several

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