Lesson 3C: Subtraction of Whole Numbers

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. Subtract whole numbers following the steps provided;
2. Solve subtraction problems involving whole numbers.

Introduction:
Subtraction of numbers with more than five digits can be done in the same way as we have learnt
to do subtraction of smaller number earlier. We arrange the numbers one below the other in place-value
columns. We start subtracting them one by one from the right most column and borrow if required, from
the column on left.

Abstraction:
Subtraction of whole numbers is discussed in the following two steps to subtract one large
number from another large number:
Step I: We arrange the given numbers in columns, ones under ones, tens under tens, hundred
under hundreds and so on.
Step II: Beginning with the ones, we go on subtracting column wise, borrowing if necessary, from the next
column to the left.
We borrow from millions column to hundred thousands column from hundred thousands column
to ten thousands column from ten thousands column to thousands column from thousands column to
hundreds column from hundreds column to tens column and from tens column to ones column.

For Example:
1. Subtract 2478652 from 8364579.
Solution:
We arrange the given numbers in columns (minuend on the top and subtrahend under it) and subtract
as under:
                                         8364579
                                       - 2478652
We need to subtract the ones column and the tens column as usual because here we don’t need
to borrow numbers as the bottom numbers are smaller than the numbers on the top.
Now we borrow 1 million from 8 millions. Then we get (8 - 1) = 7 millions in the millions column.
 Now in place of 3 hundred thousands we have 13 hundred thousands in the hundred thousands
column. Now borrow 1 hundred thousand from 13 hundred thousands. Then we get (13 - 1) = 12 hundred
thousands in the hundred thousands column.
Then in place of 6 ten thousands we have 16 ten thousands in the ten thousands column. Now
borrow 1 ten thousand from 16 ten thousands. Then we get (16 - 1) = 15 ten thousands in the ten
thousands column.
Again, in place of 4 thousands we have 14 thousands in the thousands column. Now borrow 1
thousand from 14 thousands. Then we get (14 - 1) = 13 thousands in the thousands column.
5 hundreds + 1 thousand borrowed become 15 hundreds in the hundreds column.
Therefore, now we just need to subtract after borrowing the  numbers since we observe that the
bottom numbers are smaller than the numbers on the top. 

2. Subtract 1076799 from 1205620.

Solution:
We arrange the given numbers in columns (minuend on the top and subtrahend under it) and
subtract as under:
                                           1205620
                                         - 1076799
In this subtraction problem we observe that upto ten thousands column all the bottom numbers
are bigger than the numbers on the top.
So, we will start borrowing numbers from hundred thousands column.
Now we borrow 1 hundred thousand from 2 hundred thousands. Then we get (2 - 1) = 1 hundred
thousand in the hundred thousands column.
Now in place of 0 ten thousand we have 10 ten thousands in the ten thousands column. Now
borrow 1 ten thousand from 10 ten thousands. Then we get (10 - 1) = 9 ten thousands in the ten
thousands column.
Then in place of 5 thousands we have 15 thousands in the thousands column. Now borrow 1
thousand from 15 thousands. Then we get (15 - 1) = 14 thousands in the thousands column.
Again, in place of 6 hundreds we have 16 hundreds in the hundreds column. Now borrow 1
hundred from 16 hundreds. Then we get (16 - 1) = 15 hundreds in the hundreds column.
 Now in place of 2 tens we have 12 tens in the tens column. Now borrow one ten from 12 tens.
Then we get (12 - 1) = 11 tens in the tens column.
0 ones + 1 ten borrowed become 10 ones in the ones column.
Therefore, now we just need to subtract after borrowing the numbers since we observe that the
bottom numbers are smaller than the numbers on the top. 

3. Subtract 3214658 from 5645789

Solution:

Hence, 5645789 – 3214658 = 2431131.

2. Subtract 65248907 from 86165281

Solution:
 Hence, 86165281 – 65248907 = 20916374

Word Problems on Subtraction of Whole Numbers:

A factory produced 313650000 candies in the month of December for Christmas. Out of these 105224010
were of lavender flavor. How many of the candies were not of lavender flavor?
Solution:
Number of candies produced = 313650000
Number of candies of lavender flavor = 105224010
Number of candies not having lavender flavor

Hence, the total number of candies not having lavender flavor = 208425990.
Note: We can subtract 7-digit, 8-digit and 9-digit numbers in the same way as we subtract 5-digit and 6-
digit numbers.
We know, the number which is to be subtracted is known as 'subtrahend' and the number from which it is
subtracted is known 'minuend' and the answer we get is known as the 'difference' the number is placed
below the number from which it is subtracted.

Activity 10: Solve the given Word Problems on Subtraction of Whole Numbers. Do it on a whole
sheet of paper.
1. A country has a population of 651399888. If 304628040 are females, then how many are males?
2. 1432884 people visited the international book fair on Saturday and Sunday. The number of
people visiting the fair on weekdays was 89745 less than that on weekend. How many people
visited the fair on weekdays?
3. Find the number that is:
(i) 30000 less than 183645800
(ii) 1200000 less than 483625900

Assessment Task/s

5 minute non-stop writing

From the lesson, I realized that……

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