Lesson 3E: Division of Whole Numbers

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. Divide whole numbers;
2. Solve division problems involving whole numbers;
3. Realize that division is a sort way of repeated subtraction.

Introduction:
The division is a method of distributing a group of things into equal parts. It is one of the four basic
operations of arithmetic, which gives a fair result of sharing.
The division is an operation inverse of multiplication. If 3 groups of 4 make 12 in multiplication; 12
divided into 3 equal groups give 4 in each group in division.
The main goal of the division is to see how many equal groups or how many in each group when
sharing fairly.

Abstraction:

1. Division is repeated subtraction.

(a) 25 ÷ 5 = 5
(Repeated Subtraction)
(i) 25 - 5 = 20
(ii) 20 - 5 = 15
(iii) 15 - 5 =10
(iv) 10 - 5 = 5
(v) 5 - 5 = 0 
(b) 10 ÷ 2 = 5
(Repeated Subtraction)
(i) 10 - 2 = 8
(ii) 8 - 2 = 6
(iii) 6 - 2 = 4
(iv) 4 - 2 = 2
(v) 2 - 2 = 0 
(c) 50 ÷ 10 = 5
(Repeated Subtraction)
(i) 50 - 10 = 40.
(ii) 40 - 10 = 30
 (iii) 30 - 10 = 20
(iv) 20 - 10 = 10
(v) 10 - 10 = 0 
2. Division is the inverse of multiplication.
(a) (i) 12 × 10 = 120
(ii) 120 ÷ 10= 12
(iii) 120 ÷ 12 = 10 
(b) (i) 25 × 5 = 125
(ii) 125 ÷ 5 = 25
(iii) 125 ÷ 25 = 5 
3. Relation between Dividend, Divisor, Quotient and Remainder is.
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
To understand the relation between dividend, divisor, quotient and remainder let us follow the
following examples:
(a) Divide 537809 by 35 and find the quotient and remainder
We need to divide the dividend i.e. 537809 by the divisor i.e. 35 to get the quotient and
remainder.
5 cannot be divided by 35 as 5 < 35. So, we will move to the next digit of the dividend i.e. 3 and
now we have 53 which can be divided by 35 as 53 > 35. We first divide 53 by 35. 35 into 53 is 1 leaving
18.
Then we bring down the next digit of the dividend i.e. 7 and we have 187. Now we divide 187 by
35 so, 35 into 187 is 5 leaving 12.
Again we bring down the next digit of the dividend i.e. 8 and we have 128. Now we divide 128 by
35 so, 35 into 128 is 3 leaving 23.
Similarly, again we bring down the next digit of the dividend i.e. 0 and we have 230. Now we
divide 230 by 35 so, 35 into 230 is 6 leaving 20.
And at last we bring down the last digit of the dividend i.e. 9 and we have 209. So, we divide 209
by 35 then, 35 into 209 is 5 leaving 34.
Check the answer of the division:
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
537809 = 35 × 15365 + 34
537809 = 537775 + 34
537809 = 537809

(b) Divide 86228364 by 2768 and check the answer.

We need to divide the dividend i.e. 86228364 by the divisor i.e. 2768 to get the quotient and
remainder.
8 cannot be divided by 2768 as 8 < 2768. So, we will move to the second digit of the dividend i.e.
6 and now we have 86 which cannot be divided by 2768 as 86 < 2768. So, we will move to the third digit
of the dividend i.e. 2 and now we have 862 which also cannot be divided by 2768 as 862 < 2768. So, we
will move to the fourth digit of the dividend i.e. 2 and now we have 8622 which can be divided by 2768 as
8622 > 2768. We first divide 8622 by 2768. 2768 into 8622 is 3 leaving 318.
Then we bring down the fifth digit of the dividend i.e. 8 and we have 3188. Now we divide 3188 by
2768 so, 2768 into 3188 is 1 leaving 420.
Again we bring down the sixth digit of the dividend i.e. 3 and we have 4203. Now we divide 4203
by 2768 so, 2768 into 4203 is 1 leaving 1435.
Similarly, again we bring down the seventh digit of the dividend i.e. 6 and we have 14356. Now
we divide 14356 by 2768 so, 2768 into 14356 is 5 leaving 516.
And at last we bring down the last digit of the dividend i.e. 4 and we have 5164. So, we divide
5164 by 2768 then, 2768 into 5164 is 1 leaving 2396.

Now to check the answer of the division:

Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
86228364 = 2768 × 31151 + 2396
86228364 = 86225968 + 2396
86228364 = 86228364
4. Divide 682592 by 32 and verify the answer.
Solution:

Hence, 682592 ÷ 32 =21331

Now to check the answer of the division:

Divisor × Quotient + Remainder = Dividend
    32   ×    21331    +      0          = 682592

Division by numerals ending with zeroes:

We know that division is the inverse operation of multiplication. When we divide a number by 10, 100 or
1000, we take away as many zeroes from dividend as in the divisor.
For example:
60 ÷ 10 = 6 600 ÷ 100 = 6 6000 ÷ 1000 = 6
600 ÷ 10 = 60 6000 ÷ 100 = 60 60000 ÷ 1000 = 60
6000 ÷ 10 = 600 60000 ÷ 100 = 600 600000 ÷ 1000 = 600
60000 ÷ 10 = 6000 600000 ÷ 100 = 6000 6000000 ÷ 1000 = 6000

Activity 12: Do the following on a whole sheet of paper. Follow the long method.

I. Find the quotient and check the answers in each of the following:
(i) 22786 ÷ 3
(ii) 389458 ÷ 7
(iii) 6872419 ÷ 24
(iv) 7714592 ÷ 32
(v) 9600729 ÷ 84
(vi) 11682000 ÷ 125
(vii) 66921036 ÷ 170
(viii) 6017635 ÷ 580
(ix) 7654981 ÷ 53

2. Find the quotient and remainder for the given.

(i) 8703364 ÷ 10
(ii) 6933453 ÷ 10000
(iii) 459827 ÷ 100
(iv) 7768232 ÷ 100000
(v) 5672861 ÷ 1000
(vi) 97367140 ÷ 10000

3. Fill In the blanks.

(i) 4928831 ÷ 1 = ________
(ii) 6582110 × ________ = 6582110
(iii) 5082240 ÷ 10 = ________
(iv) ________ × 0 = 0
(v) 7433925 ÷ 7433925 = ________
(vi) 8953022 + ________ = 8953023
(vii) 3800452 × (0 × 883245) = ________