CHAPTER 1

PROJECT BACKGROUND

1.1. Backgroud Study

The attendance system is basically an embedded one. Embedded stands
for ‟hardware controlled by software”. Here, the software using a
Microcontroller controls all the hardware components. The microcontroller
plays an important role in the system. The main objective of the system is to
uniquely identify and to make attendance for a person. This requires a unique
product, which has the capability of distinguishing different person. This is
possible by the new emerging technology RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification). The main parts of an RFID system are RFID Tag (with unique
ID number) and RFID reader (for reading the RFID tag). In this system, RFID
tag and RFID reader used are operating at 125KHz. The EEPROM used for
storing the details has the capability of storing 256 person details at a time. The
PC can be used for restoring all the details of attendance made.
In this specific undertaking we demonstrate that how we furnish a
development participation framework with time management framework. In
this venture we utilize one equipment circuit with RF per user interface and RF
aloof card for participation framework. RF per user framework is associated
with the PC by means of COM port. We install visual fundamental base GUI
programming in the PC with information base in access. At whatever point we
show any card to the equipment framework then per user gets the information
of RF card with the assistance of 125 KHz frequencies. Per user gets the
information and exchanges this information to MCU (89s52). Microcontroller
prompt procedures this information and exchanges this information to the PC
through com port. PC gets this data and contrasts the information and
information base in access. In information base we as of now enlist the
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loof card code number with ID number. For each card we issue an uncommon
ID number. In this product we use RTC time interface. In the information base
framework we enter the in/out for passage. On the off chance that the employee
show his card before time, PC demonstrate a present, yet same card leave the
premises beforetime then same information base is store as missing. Each time
when we demonstrate the card to the RF per user then LCD associated with the
microcontroller demonstrate its name. On the off chance that the card isn't
enlisted with the information base, LCD shows demonstrate a heartbroken
message. We enlist the new card section with software whenever. In/out timing
for section is likewise to be change in data. We can also resonators rather than
costly capacitor can be stayed away from. Be that as it may, the recurrence of
the resonators changes a ton. Furthermore, it is entirely not prompted when
used for interchanges ventures base.
RFID, which is an abbreviation for Radio Recurrence Recognizable
proof, is certainly not another innovation. It was first utilized in the late 1960's,
however it has just turned out to be progressively across the board with
advances in technology. RFID Systems comprise of a transponder, otherwise
called a tag, which is essentially a microchip associated with a reception
apparatus. The tag is mounted to a thing, for example, a bed of merchandise in
a warehouse, and a gadget called a per user speaks with the tag by means of
radio waves. Depending on the kind of label that is utilized, the per user can get
point by point data or it can get data as basic as a distinguishing proof number.
RFID is like standardized tag frameworks in which information, such as a cost,
is gotten to when the scanner tag is perused.

1.2. Objectives
The main aim of this project is to overcome the drawbacks of the
manual system of taking attendance by recording the attendance of students
using RFID tags and cards. Each student is provided with his or her authorized
and unique tag or card to swipe over the reader to record their attendance which
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will be written to a micro SD card. Thus, the objectives of this project are as
follows:

 To design and built a portable RFID reader with data storage for the
purpose of recording students attendance.
 To design and construct a Radio Frequency based attendance system
which will overcomes the drawbacks of the manual attendance system.
 To analyze how the system operates using the Radio Frequency
Identification techniques.
The implementation of RFID in student management will provide
additional capabilities like high efficiency and overall ease in management of
student attendance.

1.3. Scope of Study

In this project, there are several limitations that involve which are
duration time to complete, the sources of knowledge and respondance
contribution. A perfect planning must be created to eliminate all the limitations.
From that, the first important step need to do is studying the fundamentals of
RFID and embedded system from any trusted sources such as published
articles, journals, books and conference papers. By doing that, deeper
understanding especially in theory can be gained and practical studies can be
made.
In order to set up the device, embedded system is used and also can be
called as Hardware/Software Co-design. The main objective of the system is to
uniquely identify and to mark attendance for a student. This requires a distinct
feature having the capability of distinguishing different person uniquely. This
is possible by the new emerging technology of RFID. The main parts can be
divided into two. First, detection and storing the data that including RFID
system and the second part is transferring data. Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2 shows
the pictorial representation of the both part.
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Hence, a communication will be created to observe the interaction and

relationship between the RFID system with the microcontroller. Based on the
observation, the integration can be finalize and the final product will be set up.

Figure 1.1. Detection and Storing Data Part

Figure 1.2. Uploading Data Part