ADVANCED

TERMINOLOGY
Presented to: Mr. Edmar Jay Rara,RN
Faculty, FNAHS BSN-Program
Davao Oriental State University
SYSTEMS
 REPORTERS

AILYN C. FALCON ARCEE FEB N. DELA FRYNTZ GRETCH FLARE MARY NICOLE C.
PAZ MAXINE T. DAROY DIAMPON

Age: 19 Age: 22 Age: 20 Age: 20

Gender: Female Gender: Female Gender: Female Gender: Female
Year Level & Year Level & Year Level & Year Level &
Section: BSN2B Section: BSN2-B Section: BSN2B Section: BSN2B
Contact #: Contact #: Contact #: Contact #:
09158454864 09265829710 09463567144 09165373928
 OBJECTIVES

❖ At the end of the discussion the students will be able

to describe the need for an advanced terminology
system.
❖ Identify the components of the advanced terminology
system
❖ Compare and contrast two approaches for
representing nursing concepts within an advanced
terminology system.
BACKGROUND AND DEFINITION

The primary motivation for standardized terms in nursing is the need for
valid, comparable data that can be used across information system
applications to support clinical decision-making and the evaluation of
processes and outcomes of care.
 VOCABULARY
PROBLEM
The failure to achieve a single, integrated terminology
with broad coverage of the healthcare domain.
 THE VOCABULARY
PROBLEM
Reasons:

1. The development of multiple specialized terminologies has resulted in areas of

overlapping content, areas for which no content exists, and a large number of codes and
terms.

2. Existing terminologies are most often developed to provide sets of terms and definitions
of concepts for human interpretation, with computer interpretation as only a secondary
goal
 CONCEPT ORIENTATION

In order to appreciate the significance of this approach, it is important to understand first the
definitions of and relationships among things in the world (object), our thoughts about the
things in the world (concepts), and the labels we used to represent and communicate our
thoughts about things in the world (terms). These relationship are depicted by a model
called semiotic triangle.
 Evaluation Criteria related to
Concept- Oriented Approach
✓ Atomic based
✓ Compositionality
✓ Concept Permanence
✓ Language Independence
✓ Multiple hierarchy
✓ Nonambiguity
✓ Nonredundancy
✓ Synonymy
COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED
TERMINOLOGY SYSTEMS

1. Terminology Model
2. Representation Language
3. Computer-based Tools
 COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED
TERMINOLOGY SYSTEMS
1. Terminology Model – concept-based representation of a collection of domain-specific terms
that is optimized for the management of terminological definitions. It encompasses both
schemata and type definitions.
A. Schemata incorporate domain - specific knowledge about the typical
constellations of entities, attributes, and events in the real world
and, as such, reflect plausible combinations of concepts.
B. Type Definitions – obligatory conditions that state only the essential properties of
a concept.
2. Representation Language – terminology models may be formulated and elucidated in an
ontology language. In this way, ontology languages can support, thru explicit semantics, the
formal definition of concepts in terms of their relationships with the other concepts.
A. Galen Representation and Integration Rail (GRAIL)
B. Knowledge Representation Specific Syntax (KRSS)
C. Web Ontology Language (OWL)
.
 COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED
TERMINOLOGY SYSTEMS

3. Computer-based Tools – representation language may be implemented using

description logic within a software system or by a suite of software tools. The
functionality of these tools varies but may include among the other things,
management and internal organization of the model, and the reasoning on the
model, such as automatic classification of composed concepts based on their
formal definition.
 SUITABILITY FOR COMPUTER PROCESSING as
characterized in terms of “generation”:
1. First-generation Terminology Systems
- consist of a list of enumerated terms, possibly arranged as a single hierarchy.
- serve as a single purpose or a group of closely related purposes and allow minimal
computer processing.
2. Second-generation Systems
– include an abstract terminology model or terminology model schema that describes
the organization of the main categories used in a particular terminology or set of
terminologies.
- can be used for a range of purposes, but they allow only limited computer processing,
and automatic classification of composed concepts is not possible.
3. Third-generation Language System
– supports sufficient formalisms to enable computer-based processing, they
include a grammar that defines the rules of automated generation and classification of new
concepts.
- also referred to as formal concept representation systems or reference technology
ADVANTAGES OF ADVANCED TERMINOLOGY SYSTEMS

- Allow much greater granularity through controlled composition, while avoiding a combinatorial
explosion of pre-coordinated terms.

- Facilitate 2 important aspects of knowledge representation for computer-based systems that

support clinical care:

A. Describing concepts
-nonambiguous representation of concepts
-facilitation of data abstraction or de-abstraction without loss of original data
-nonambiguous mapping among terminologies
-date reuse in different contexts

B. Manipulating and reasoning about those concepts using computer-based tools.

-automated classification of new concepts
-ability to support multiple inheritances of defining characteristics
 ADVANCED
TERMINOLOGICAL
APPROACHES IN
NURSING
➢ ISO 18104:2003
➢ GALEN
➢ SNOMED RT
➢ ISO 18104:2003
-Developed by ISO Technical Committee 215 (Health Informatics). Approved in 2003.
-Covers reference terminology models for nursing diagnoses and nursing actions.
- The development of ISO 18104:2003, a health terminology model, was intended to “be
consistent with the goals and objectives of other specific health terminology models
to provide a more unified reference health model”.

POTENTIAL USES:
• Facilitate the representation of nursing diagnosis and nursing action concepts and their
relationships.
• Provide a framework for the generation of compositional expressions from anatomic
concepts within a reference terminology.
• Facilitate the mapping among nursing diagnosis and nursing action concepts from
various terminologies.
• Enable the systematic evaluation of terminologies and associated terminology models for
purposes of harmonization.
• Provide a language to describe the structure of nursing diagnosis and nursing action.
➢ GALEN
-A concept-oriented approach has been developed within the GALEN program.

-Used in supporting clinical applications.

-Support the authoring, maintenance, and quality assurance of other kinds of terminologies.

GRAIL – ontology language for representing concepts and their interrelationships.

2 INTEGRATED SETS OF TOOLS USED IN GRAIL:

1. Computer-based modeling environment – facilitates the collaborative formulation of models. It allows
the authoring of clinical knowledge at different levels of abstraction.

2. Terminology server – a software system that implements GRAIL. It is also used to deliver the model
for use by clinical applications and other kinds of authoring environments.
Performs the ff functions:
-internally managing and representing the model
-testing the validity of combinations of concepts
-constructing valid composed concepts
-transforming a composed concept into a canonical form
-automatically classifying composed concepts into the hierarchy
➢ SNOMED RT (Reference Technology)
- SNOMED REFERENCE TECHNOLOGY or Systematized Nomenclature of
Medicine - is a standardized multilingual vocabulary of clinical terminology that is
sometimes used by other Physicians or healthcare providers for the electronic
exchange of clinical health information.

- Clinical Terms, SNOMED RT has been used as a foundation for a new

terminology system, SNOMED CT (Clinical Terms), which has been developed
collaboratively by the College of American Pathologists and the U.K. National
Health Service.

- SNOMED CT possesses both reference terminology properties and user interface

terms.
 EMERGING
APPROACHES
➢ OWL Standard Ontology Language

- Intended for use where applications, rather than

humans, are to process information.
 OWL builds on existing
recommendation such as:
A. Extensible Markup Language (XML)
B. Resources Description Framework (RDF)
C. RDF schema
 OWL builds on existing
recommendation such as:
A. Extensible Markup Language (XML)
- Surface syntax for structures documents
 OWL builds on existing
recommendation such as:
B. Resources Description Framework (RDF)
- A date model for resources
 OWL builds on existing
recommendation such as:
C. RDF schema
- A vocabulary for describing the properties and
classes of resources.
 BENEFITS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
✓ Facilitation of evidenced-based practice
✓ Matching of potential research subjects to research protocols
for which they are potentially eligible
✓ Detection and prevention of potential adverse drug effects
✓ Linking online information resources
✓ Increased reliability and validity of data for quality evaluation
✓ Data mining for purposes such as clinical research, health
service research, or knowing discovery
REFERENCES
https://www.document/92580348/Advanced-Terminology-Systems#
http://doodlesundae.weebly.com/advanced-terminology-
systems.html#:~:text=Components%20of%20Advanced%20Terminology%20System
s,both%20schemata%20and%20type%20definitions
https://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/17894/1/Saba_chapter_17_Hardiker_-_pre-print.pdf
THANK YOU !