READING AND WRITING

2nd Semester – S.Y. 2022-2023

FEATURES OF PROJECT PROPOSAL

Project Proposal
- Project Proposal is a written presentation of a project, program, or innovation you plan to implement.
- Project proposals are submitted to an appropriate agency or association for implementation or funding.
- Project proposals are documents that are written for problem solving, service provision, event planning, or
equipment selling.
- Proposals are used to convince the reader to do what the proposal suggests, such as buying goods or services,
funding a project, or implementing a program.
Characteristics of Proposals
- Proposals are persuasive documents as these try to convince the reader of the suitability of a particular course
of action.
- Proposals are generally written for an external audience though in some cases they may be made for internal
purposes, by one department for another or from an individual to the management.
- They vary in length from a couple of pages to several pages.
Tips in Writing a Proposal
Scot Ober has compiled some of the points to be kept in mind while writing a proposal. These are as follows:
- Give ample, credible evidence for all statements.
- Do not exaggerate.
- Provide examples, expert testimony and specific facts and figures to support your statements.
- Use simple, straightforward and direct language preferring simple sentences and active voice.
- Stress the benefits. Remember that you are asking for something, usually a commitment of money; let the reader
know what he or she will get in return.
Guidelines in Writing the Proposal

The following section provides some guidelines in writing the proposal:

1. Gathering data. One of the characteristics of an effective proposal is being well-researched. A proposal needs
concrete data to back up its claims so it can become more credible. You can gather data from primary and
secondary sources and apply the strategies that you learned in writing a research paper in the previous lessons.

2. Organizing data. A proposal becomes more effective if the information on it is clearly organized. You can use
the parts of the proposal to guide you in your organization or use an outline to structure your discussion more
effectively.

3. Writing the proposal. Once you have gathered and organized the data, draft your proposal by filling out the
parts of the proposal with the relevant data.

4. Revising the proposal. Make sure to review your proposal for accuracy and organization before you send it out.
A good proposal will be comprehensive and will put your organization in the best light.

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Organizing the Project Proposal
Proposals are mainly characterized according to their length. An informal proposal is about 2-4 pages long. A formal
proposal, meanwhile, has 5 or more pages. Irrespective of their purpose and audience, they have typical parts. Let me
show you two types of project proposal presentation such as the following:
1. Introduction
This portion provides the background necessary for understanding the project, which is done by discussing the
following:
• Rationale - This recognizes the problem to be addressed and shows the need to solve it.
• Objectives - These reveal what the project intends to achieve in terms of results. It also gives the reader an
idea of the intended solution. Good objectives are SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, results oriented
and time-bound).
• Benefits - These show what the reader or target audience can gain from the proposal, which may be
improvements in processes or systems, an increase in revenue, or a change in behavior of the beneficiaries of
the proposal.
2. Project description
This section gives definite information about the project itself. It indicates how the project will address the
identified problem through the following parts:
• Methodology – This states the different activities the project will take on, including the manpower (i.e. the
people involved and their duties) and resources to be utilized, and the expected output.
• Schedule - This discusses the task duration and expected start and end dates of each activity in the project.
• Budget - This presents an analysis of all the costs projected in the project, which can be itemized or shown as
a whole, depending on the needs of the project.

Sample 1
I. Project Background
Explain what needs/problems you are trying to solve, and why these needs/problems are worth solving. You
may provide a brief history behind the project.
II. Project Objectives
State explicitly what goals/outcomes of the project is aiming to achieve.
III. Project Methodology
Indicate the plans on how the project objectives will be achieved. You may start with a description of the overall
approach then the details of how anticipated problems will be managed.
A. The Project Approach Summary
Indicate how the project team will be organized, what development and collaboration tools will be used, and
how the plan will be updated along the way.
B. Work Breakdown and Task Time Estimates
Make a list of tasks that will be performed for this project. You may want to include a milestone chart in this
section.

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 C. Project Deliverables
Make a list of project deliverables. These are the products, information, reports, etc. that will be delivered to
the client at the end and throughout the duration of the project.
IV. Project Cost
Indicate the financial requirements of the project.
(Source: hhtp://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning)

Sample 2
I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Project Title: (PROJECT TITLE)
Type of Project: (education-training/health-medical mission/arts exhibit, etc.)
Project Proponent/s: (Name of organization)
Number of Beneficiaries: (no. of households and individuals)
Project Beneficiaries: (Urban poor, women, youth, etc.)
Location of Beneficiaries: (address of beneficiaries)
Date of Implementation/Duration: (start date/number of implementation days)
Area of Project Implementation: (address where project was implemented)
Budget Requirement: (overall amount of budget requirement)
Budget Requested: (state amount requested)

II. BACKGROUND / SITUATION ANALYSIS

• What prompted the project?
• Is there an existing concern or potential problem that you want to address?

III. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES
What does the project hope to achieve? What are the strategies that must be done to meet the
objectives?

IV. DESIRED IMPACT AND OUTCOME OF THE PROJECT

• What are the long-term effects of the project? (economic, social, cultural, institutional,
environmental, technological, etc.)
• What are the specific measures to sustain the project?
• What are the linkages with other initiatives or reforms in the sector and other development or
governance concerns?

V. RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN

• What are the risks and factors that may hamper or hinder the successful implementation of project
activities and achievement of project outputs?
• What are the measures that would mitigate the adverse effects resulting from such risks?

VI. PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND STAFFING

Office/Staff Designated Responsibilities Contact Person Contact Details

VII. PROJECT WORK PLAN

Phases of the Activities Output / Indicators Person In Resources Cost
Project Target Charge Needed
(Date)

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VIII. DETAILED BUDGET REQUIREMENT
BUDGET LINE DESCRIPTION AMOUNT NEEDED PROPOSED
ITEM SOURCE/S

IX. OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION

May include any other information that will support the request for funding, such as:
• Brief enumeration of other stakeholders who pledged support to the project.
• Other projects that are lined-up to complement the current initiative.

X. ATTACHMENTS
• Profile/brochure of the organization
• Endorsement and recommendation letters
• Other documents to support the request.

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