Mark scheme of vector worksheet 2

1a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
15 × 0 + 2𝑑 + 4 = 0 (M1)
𝑑 = −2 A1
[2 marks]
1b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
−15 0
𝑎 (2 ) × (−2) (M1)
4 1
10 2
= 𝑎 (15) (= 5𝑎 (3)) A1
30 6

magnitude is 5𝑎√22 + 32 + 62 = 14 M1
14
𝑎 = 35  (= 0.4) A1

[4 marks]
2a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
30 −150
r = 10 + 𝑡 −50 ) 
( ) ( A1A1
5 −20
[2 marks]
2b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
30
when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑡 = 150 = 0.2 M1

EITHER
10
when 𝑦 = 0, 𝑡 = 150 = 0.2 A1

since the two values of 𝑡 are equal the aircraft passes directly over the airport
OR
𝑡 = 0.2, 𝑦 = 0 A1
[2 marks]
2c. [1 mark]

Markscheme
height = 5 − 0.2 × 20 = 1 km A1
[1 mark]
2d. [1 mark]

Markscheme
time 13:12 A1
[1 mark]
2e. [2 marks]

Markscheme
1
5 − 20𝑡 = 4 ⇒ 𝑡 = 20 (3 minutes) (M1)

time 13:03 A1
[2 marks]
2f. [3 marks]

Markscheme
22.5
displacement is (7.5 ) A1
4
distance is √22.52 + 7.52 + 42 (M1)
= 24.1 km A1
[3 marks]
2g. [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
time until landing is 12 − 3 = 9 minutes M1
height to descend = 4 km
−4
𝑎= 9 M1
60

= −26.7 A1

METHOD 2
−150 22.5
(−50 ) = 𝑠 (7.5 ) M1
𝑎 4
20
−150 = 22.5 𝑠 ⇒ 𝑠 = − M1
3

20
𝑎=− ×4
3
= −26.7 A1
[3 marks]
3a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
setting up at least two simultaneous equations (M1)
𝑝 = −0.8 OR 𝑞 = 3.6 (A1)
M has coordinates (1.6, −2.6, 8.2) A1

[3 marks]
3b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
3 1
using vectors 2 and −1)
( ) ( (M1)
1 2
3 1
(2) • (−1) = 3 (A1)
1 2
3 1
(2)•(−1)
3
cos 𝜃 2 2 12 22 (cos 𝜃 = ) (M1)
√3 +2 +1 √1 +(−1)2 +22 √14√6

Note: Accept correct use of vector product.

(𝜃 =) 1.24 radians (1.23732 … ) (70.9 (70.8933 … )) A1

[4 marks]
4a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(𝐫 =) (1) + 𝑡 (1.2 ) A1
4 −0.6

Note: Do not condone the use of 𝜆 or any other variable apart from 𝑡.

[1 mark]
4b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
when the bearing from the port is 045, the distance east from the port is equal to the
distance north from the port (M1)
1 + 1.2𝑡 = 4 − 0.6𝑡 (A1)
1.8𝑡 = 3
5
𝑡=3 (1.6666 …, 1 hour 40 minutes) (A1)

time is 2: 40 pm (14: 40) A1

[4 marks]
5a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
−3.2
(−4.5) A1
6.1

[1 mark]
5b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
√(−3.2)2 + (−4.5)2 + 6.12 (M1)
8.22800 … ≈ 8.23 m A1

[2 marks]
5c. [5 marks]

Markscheme
EITHER

→ −3.2
AO = (−4.5) A1
0.3
→ →
AOAF
cos 𝜃 = → →
|AO| |AF|
→ →
AOAF = (−3.2)2 + (−4.5)2 + (0.3 × 6.1) (= 32.32) (A1)
32.32
cos 𝜃 = √3.22 (M1)
+4.52 +0.32 ×8.22800…

= 0.710326 … (A1)

→ →
Note: If OA is used in place of AO then cos 𝜃 will be negative.
Award A1(A1)(M1)(A1) as above. In order to award the final A1, some justification for
changing the resulting obtuse angle to its supplementary angle must be seen.
OR

AO = √3.22 + 4.52 + 0.32 (= 5.52991 … ) (A1)

8.22800…2 +5.52991…2 −5.82
cos 𝜃 = (M1)(A1)
2×8.22800…×5.52991…

= 0.710326 … (A1)

THEN
𝜃 = 0.780833 … ≈ 0.781 OR 44.7384 … ≈ 44.7 A1

[5 marks]

6a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
√102 + 82 (M1)

= 12.8 (12.8062 … , √164) (m s −1 ) A1

[2 marks]
6b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
10
tan−1 ( 8 ) (M1)

= 0.896 OR 51.3 (0.896055 … OR 51.3401 …) A1

10
Note: Accept 0.897 or 51.4 from use of arcsin (12.8).

[2 marks]
6c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
𝑦 = 𝑡(10 − 5𝑡) (M1)

Note: The M1 might be implied by a correct graph or use of the correct equation.

METHOD 1 – graphical Method

sketch graph (M1)

Note: The M1 might be implied by correct graph or correct maximum (eg 𝑡 = 1).

max occurs when 𝑦 = 5 m A1

METHOD 2 – calculus

differentiating and equating to zero (M1)

𝑑𝑦
= 10 − 10𝑡 = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑡=1

𝑦(= 1(10 − 5)) = 5 m A1

METHOD 3 – symmetry
line of symmetry is 𝑡 = 1 (M1)

𝑦(= 1(10 − 5)) = 5 m A1

[3 marks]
6d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to solve 𝑡(10 − 5𝑡) = 0 (M1)
𝑡 = 2 (or 𝑡 = 0) (A1)
𝑥 (= 5 + 8 × 2) = 21 m A1

Note: Do not award the final A1 if 𝑥 = 5 is also seen.

[3 marks]
6e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
𝑥−5
𝑡= M1A1
8

𝑥−5 𝑥−5
𝑦=( ) (10 − 5 × ) A1
8 8

METHOD 2
𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 21) A1
5 5
when 𝑥 = 13, 𝑦 = 5 so 𝑘 = (13−5)(13−21) = − 64 M1A1

5
(𝑦 = − (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 21))
64

METHOD 3
if 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
0 = 25𝑎 + 5𝑏 + 𝑐
5 = 169𝑎 + 13𝑏 + 𝑐
0 = 441𝑎 + 21𝑏 + 𝑐 M1A1
5 130 525
solving simultaneously, 𝑎 = − 64 , 𝑏 = , 𝑐=− A1
64 64
5 130 525
(𝑦 = − 64 𝑥 2 + 𝑥− )
64 64
METHOD 4

use quadratic regression on (5, 0), (13, 5), (21, 0) M1A1

5 130 525
𝑦 = − 64 𝑥 2 + 𝑥− A1
64 64

Note: Question asks for expression; condone omission of "𝑦 =".

[3 marks]
6f. [4 marks]

Markscheme
trajectory of arrow is 𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 10 + 2 (A1)
intersecting 𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 10 + 2 and their answer to (d) (M1)
(8.66, 3.53) ((8.65705 … , 3.52647 … )) A1

(15.1, 4.66) ((15.0859 … , 4.66006 … )) A1

[4 marks]
6g. [4 marks]

Markscheme
8.65705…−5
when 𝑥target = 8.65705 … , 𝑡target = = 0.457132 …  s (A1)
8

attempt to find the distance from point of release to intersection (M1)

√8.65705 …2 + (3.52647 … − 2)2 (= 8.79060 …  m)

8.79060…
time for arrow to get there is = 0.146510 … s (A1)
60

so the arrow should be released when

𝑡 = 0.311 (s) (0.310622 … (s)) A1

[4 marks]
7a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
→
300 −12
OS = ( )+𝑡( ) A1
100 15

[1 mark]
7b. [6 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to find the vector from L to S (M1)
→
171 −12
LS = ( )+𝑡( ) A1
−183 15

EITHER
→
|LS| = √(171 − 12𝑡)2 + (15𝑡 − 183)2 (M1)(A1)

minimize to find 𝑡 on GDC (M1)

OR
→
−12
S closest when LS ( )=0 (M1)
15
171 −12 −12
(( )+𝑡( )) ( )=0
−183 15 15

−2052 + 144𝑡 − 2745 + 225𝑡 = 0 (M1)(A1)

OR
→
−12
S closest when LS ( )=0 (M1)
15
→
5𝑘
LS = ( )
4𝑘
→
129 + 5𝑘
OS = ( ) (A1)
283 + 4𝑘
129 + 5𝑘 300 − 12𝑡
( )=( )
283 + 4𝑘 100 + 15𝑡
Solving simultaneously (M1)

THEN
𝑡 = 13 A1

[6 marks]
7c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
the alarm will sound A1
→
|LS| = 19.2 … < 20 R1

Note: Do not award A1R0.

[2 marks]

8a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
0.8 −2
𝐫 = (1.3 ) + 𝜆 (−3) A1A1
−0.3 1

Note: Award A1 for each correct vector. Award A0A1 if their “𝐫 =” is omitted.

[2 marks]
8b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
−0.3 + 𝜆 = 0 (M1)
⇒ 𝜆 = 0.3
0.8 −2 0.2
𝐫 = (1.3 ) + 0.3 (−3) = (0.4) (M1)
−0.3 1 0
P has coordinates (0.2, 0.4, 0) A1

Note: Accept the coordinates of P in vector form.

[3 marks]
8c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
√0.22 + 0.42 (M1)
= 0.447 km (= 447 m) A1

[2 marks]

9a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
→ −3
CA = (−4) A1
−1

[1 mark]
9b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
→ 3
CB = (−4) A1
−1

[1 mark]
9c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
→ → 0
CA × CB = (−6) (M1)A1
24

Note: Do not award (M1) if less than 2 entries are correct.

[2 marks]
9d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
1
area is 2 √62 + 242 = 12.4 m2 (12.3693 … , 3√17) (M1)A1

[2 marks]

10a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
setting a dot product of the direction vectors equal to zero (M1)
𝑝 𝑝+4
(2𝑝) (4 )=0
4 −7
𝑝(𝑝 + 4) + 8𝑝 − 28 = 0 (A1)
𝑝2 + 12𝑝 − 28 = 0
(𝑝 + 14)(𝑝 − 2) = 0
𝑝 = −14, 𝑝 = 2 A1

[3 marks]
10b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
𝑝 = −14 ⇒
2 −14
𝐿1 : 𝑟 = (−5) + 𝜆 (−28)
−3 4
14 −10
𝐿2 : 𝑟 = (7 ) + 𝜇 (4 )
−2 −7
a common point would satisfy the equations
2 − 14𝜆 = 14 − 10𝜇
−5 − 28𝜆 = 7 + 4𝜇 (M1)
−3 + 4𝜆 = −2 − 7𝜇

METHOD 1
solving the first two equations simultaneously
1 1
𝜆 = −2, 𝜇 = 2 A1

substitute into the third equation: M1

1 1
−3 + 4 (− ) ≠ −2 + (−7)
2 2
so lines do not intersect. R1

Note: Accept equivalent methods based on the order in which the equations are
considered.

METHOD 2
attempting to solve the equations using a GDC M1
GDC indicates no solution A1
so lines do not intersect R1

[4 marks]
11a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
recognizing velocity is derivative of displacement (M1)
d𝑠 d 7
eg 𝑣 = d𝑡 , (10 − 4 𝑡 2 )
d𝑡

14 7
velocity= − 𝑡 (= − 2 𝑡) A1 N2
4

[2 marks]
11b. [5 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach to find speed of 𝑃2 (M1)

4
eg || || , √42 + (−3)2 , velocity= √42 + (−3)2
−3

correct speed (A1)

eg 5 m s−1
recognizing relationship between speed and velocity (may be seen in inequality/equation)
R1

7
eg |− 𝑡| , speed = | velocity | , graph of 𝑃1 speed ,
2
7
𝑃1 speed = 2 𝑡 , 𝑃2 velocity = −5

correct inequality or equation that compares speed or velocity (accept any variable for 𝑞)
A1
7 7 7 7
eg |− 2 𝑡| > 5 , − 2 𝑞 < −5 , 2 𝑞 > 5 , 2 𝑞 = 5
 10 10 10
𝑞= (seconds) (accept 𝑡 > , do not accept 𝑡 = ) A1 N2
7 7 7

Note: Do not award the last two A1 marks without the R1.
[5 marks]

12a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
→
valid approach to find AB (M1)
→ →
eg OB − OA  ,   A − B

→ 8
AB = (𝑚 − 1) A1 N2
−8
[2 marks]
12b. [5 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
9 9 −3 2
eg 𝐿 = (𝑚 ) , (𝑚 ) = (−19) + 𝑠 (4 )
−6 −6 24 −5
one correct equation (A1)
eg −3 + 2𝑠 = 9, −6 = 24 − 5𝑠
correct value for 𝑠 A1
eg 𝑠=6
substituting their 𝑠 value into their expression/equation to find 𝑚 (M1)
eg −19 + 6 × 4
𝑚=5 A1 N3
[5 marks]
12c. [8 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)

→ 9𝑝 → 𝑥−9
eg BC = (−6) , 𝐶 = 9𝐮 + 𝐵 , BC = (𝑦 − 5)
3 𝑧+6
correct working to find C (A1)
𝑝
→ 9𝑝 + 9 2 9
eg OC = (−1 −
) , C = 9 ( 3) + (5 ) , 𝑦 = −1 and 𝑧 = −3
1
−3 −6
3

correct approach to find |𝐮| (seen anywhere) A1

2 2 1 2 4 1
eg 𝑝2 + (− 3) + (3) , √𝑝2 + 9 + 9

recognizing unit vector has magnitude of 1 (M1)

2 1 2 52
eg |𝐮| = 1 , √𝑝2 + (− ) + ( ) = 1 , 𝑝2 + = 1
3 3 9

correct working (A1)

4 2
eg 𝑝2 = 9 , 𝑝 = ± 3
2
𝑝=3 A1

substituting their value of 𝑝 (M1)

2
𝑥−9 6 6 9 3 9
2
eg (𝑦 − 5) = (−6) , C = (−6) + (5 ) , C = 9 − 3 + (5 ) , 𝑥 − 9 = 6
𝑧+6 3 3 −6 1 −6
( )
3

15
C(15, −1, −3) (accept (−1)) A1 N4
−3
Note: The marks for finding 𝑝 are independent of the first two marks.
For example, it is possible to award marks such as (M0)(A0)A1(M1)(A1)A1 (M0)A0 or
(M0)(A0)A1(M1)(A0)A0 (M1)A0.

[8 marks]

13a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
correct equation (A1)
eg −3 + 6𝑠 = 15, 6𝑠 = 18
𝑠=3 (A1)
substitute their 𝑠 value into 𝑧 component (M1)
eg 10 + 3(2), 10 + 6
𝑐 = 16 A1 N3
[4 marks]
13b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
1 6
𝑟 = (2) + 𝑡 (0) (=(i + 2j + 3k) + 𝑡(6i + 2k)) A2 N2
3 2
6
Note: Accept any scalar multiple of (0) for the direction vector.
2
1 6 1 6 6 1
Award A1 for (2) + 𝑡 (0), A1 for 𝐿2 = (2) + 𝑡 (0), A0 for 𝑟 = (0) + 𝑡 (2).
3 2 3 2 2 3
[2 marks]
14. [7 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
METHOD 1 (cosine rule)
𝜋
diagram including u, v and included angle of 6 (M1)

eg
sketch of triangle with w (does not need to be to scale) (A1)

eg
choosing cosine rule (M1)
eg 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶
correct substitution A1
2 𝜋
eg 42 + (√3) − 2(4)(√3)cos 6

𝜋 √3
cos 6 = (seen anywhere) (A1)
2

correct working (A1)

eg 16 + 3 − 12

| w | = √7 A1 N2
METHOD 2 (scalar product)
valid approach, in terms of u and v (seen anywhere) (M1)
eg | w |2 = (u − v)•(u − v), | w |2 = u•u − 2u•v + v•v, | w |2 = (𝑢1 − 𝑣1 )2 + (𝑢2   −   𝑣2 )2 ,

| w | = √(𝑢1 − 𝑣1 )2 + (𝑢2   −   𝑣2 )2 + (𝑢3   −   𝑣3 )2

correct value for u•u (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg | u |2 = 16, u•u = 16, 𝑢1 2 + 𝑢2 2 = 16
correct value for v•v (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg | v |2 = 16, v•v = 3, 𝑣1 2 + 𝑣2 2 + 𝑣3 2 = 3
𝜋 √3
cos (6 ) = (seen anywhere) (A1)
2

√3
u•v = 4 × √3 × (= 6) (seen anywhere) A1
2

correct substitution into u•u − 2u•v + v•v or 𝑢1 2 + 𝑢2 2 + 𝑣1 2 + 𝑣2 2 − 2(𝑢1 𝑣1 + 𝑢2 𝑣2 ) (2 or

3 dimensions) (A1)
eg 16 − 2(6) + 3 (= 7)

| w | = √7 A1 N2

15a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
valid approach (M1)
eg b = 2a, a = 𝑘b, cos θ = 1, a•b = −|a||b|, 2𝑝 = 18
𝑝=9 A1 N2
[2 marks]
15b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of scalar product (M1)
eg a•b, (0)(0) + (3)(6) + 𝑝(18)
recognizing a•b = 0 (seen anywhere) (M1)
correct working (A1)
eg 18 + 18𝑝 = 0, 18𝑝 = −18 (A1)
𝑝 = −1 A1 N3
[4 marks]

16. [4 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
2 −3
a • b = (𝑘 ) • (𝑘 + 2)
−1 𝑘
= −6 + 𝑘(𝑘 + 2) − 𝑘 A1
a • b = 0 (M1)
𝑘2 + 𝑘 − 6 = 0
attempt at solving their quadratic equation (M1)
(𝑘 + 3)(𝑘 − 2) = 0
𝑘 = −3,   2 A1
Note: Attempt at solving using |a||b| = |a × b| will be M1A0A0A0 if neither answer found
M1(A1)A1A0
for one correct answer and M1(A1)A1A1 for two correct answers.
[4 marks]
17a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
→ 0
AB = (2 ) A1
−2
Note: Accept row vectors or equivalent.
[1 mark]
17b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
→ 3
AC = (1 ) A1
−2
Note: Accept row vectors or equivalent.
[1 mark]
17c. [4 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
→ →
attempt at vector product using AB and AC. (M1)
±(2i + 6j +6k) A1
1 → →
attempt to use area = 2 |AB × AC| M1

√76
=    (= √19) A1
2

METHOD 2
→ → → →
attempt to use AB • AC = |AB| |AC| cos 𝜃 M1

0 3
(2 ) ⋅ (1 ) = √02 + 22 + (−2)2 √32 + 12 + (−2)2 cos 𝜃
−2 −2
6 = √8√14 cos 𝜃 A1
 6 6
cos 𝜃 = =
√8√14 √112
1 → →
attempt to use area = 2 |AB × AC| sin 𝜃 M1

1 36 1 76
= √8√14√1 −  (= √8√14√ )
2 112 2 112

√76
=    (= √19) A1
2

[4 marks]

18a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
a • b = (1 × 0) + (1 × −𝑡) + (𝑡 × 4𝑡) (M1)
= −𝑡 + 4𝑡 2 A1

[2 marks]
18b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
recognition that a • b = |a||b|cos θ (M1)
a • b < 0 or −𝑡 + 4𝑡 2 < 0 or cos θ < 0 R1
Note: Allow ≤ for R1.

attempt to solve using sketch or sign diagram (M1)

1
0<𝑡<4 A1

[4 marks]