Republic of India

Bhārat Gaṇarājya
(see other local names)

Flag

State emblem

Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)

"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]

Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana"[2][3]

"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"[4][2]

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National song
"Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1][2]
Area controlled by India shown in dark green; regions claimed
but not controlled shown in light green

Capital New Delhi

28°36′50″N 77°12′30″E

Largest city  Mumbai (city proper)

 Delhi (metropolitan area)

Official language  Hindi
s  English[b][7]
Recognised None[8][9][10]
national languages
Recognised show
regional language
State level and Eighth Schedule[11]
s

Native languages 447 languages[c]

Religion  79.8% Hinduism
(2011)  14.2% Islam
 2.3% Christianity
 1.7% Sikhism
 0.7% Buddhism
 0.4% Jainism
 0.23% Unaffiliated
 0.65% others[14]
See Religion in India

Demonym(s) Indian

Membership  UN
 WTO
 BRICS
 SAARC
 SCO
  G4 nations
 Group of Five
 G8+5
 G20
 Commonwealth of Nations
 BIMST-EC

Government Federal parliamentary constitutional
republic

• President Ram Nath Kovind

• Vice President Venkaiah Naidu
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi
• Chief Justice N. V. Ramana
• Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla

Legislature Parliament

• Upper house Rajya Sabha

• Lower house Lok Sabha

Independence
from the United Kingdom
• Dominion 15 August 1947
• Republic 26 January 1950

Area
• Total 3,287,263[2] km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)[d] 
(7th)
• Water (%) 9.6

Population
• 2018 estimate  1,352,642,280[15][16] (2nd)

• 2011 census 1,210,854,977[17][18] (2nd)
• Density 410.9/km2 (1,064.2/sq mi) (19th)

GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate
• Total  $10.207 trillion[19] (3rd)

• Per capita  $7,333[19] (122nd)

GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate
• Total  $3.050 trillion[19] (6th)

• Per capita  $2,191[19] (145th)

Gini (2013) 33.9[20]
medium · 79th

HDI (2019)  0.645[21]
medium · 131st
Currency Indian rupee (₹) (INR)

Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST)

DST is not observed

Date format  dd-mm-yyyy[e]

Mains electricity 230 V–50 Hz

Driving side left[22]

Calling code +91

ISO 3166 code IN

Internet TLD .in (others)

People's Republic of China

 中华人民共和国 (Chinese)
 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó (Pinyin)

Flag

National Emblem

Anthem: 义勇军进行曲
Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ
("March of the Volunteers")

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 Land controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in
dark green; land claimed but uncontrolled shown in light
green.

Capital Beijing
39°55′N 116°23′E

Largest city Shanghai

Official language Standard Chinese[a]

s
Recognised  Mongolian
regional language  Uyghur
s  Tibetan
 Zhuang
 various others

Official script Simplified Chinese[b]

Ethnic groups  Majority Han Chinese

 show

55 minorities[c]

Religion  74.5% No religion / Folk

(2020) [1]
 18.3% Buddhism
 5.2% Christianity
 1.6% Islam
 0.4% Others

Demonym(s) Chinese

Government Unitary Marxist–Leninist[2] one-party soc
ialist republic[3]

• CCP General Xi Jinping

Secretary, Preside
nt[d] &
Military Chairman[e]
• Premier Li Keqiang
• Congress Chairman Li Zhanshu
• CPPCC Chairman [f]
Wang Yang
• 1st CCP Wang Huning
Secretariat's
Member
• CCP Discipline Zhao Leji
Secretary
• 1st Vice Premier Han Zheng
• Vice President Wang Qishan[g]
• Supervisory Yang Xiaodu
Commission
Director
• Chief Justice Zhou Qiang
• Prosecutor-General Zhang Jun

Legislature National People's Congress

Formation
• First pre-imperial c. 2070 BCE
dynasty
• First imperial 221 BCE
dynasty
• Republic 1 January 1912
established
• Proclamation of the 1 October 1949
People's Republic
• First constitution 20 September 1954
• Current constitution 4 December 1982
• Most recent 20 December 1999
polity admitted

Area
• Total 9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi)[h][6] 
(3rd/4th)
• Water (%) 2.8[i]

Population
• 2020 estimate  1.412 billion[8] (1st)

• Density 145[9]/km2 (375.5/sq mi) (83rd)

GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate
• Total  $26.66 trillion[10] (1st)

• Per capita  $18,931[10] (70th)

GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate
• Total  $16.64 trillion[10] (2nd)

• Per capita  $11,819[10] (56th)

Gini (2018)  46.7[11]
high

HDI (2019)  0.761[12]
high · 85th

Currency Renminbi (yuan; ¥)[j] (CNY-Renminbi)

HKD-Hong Kong)
MOP-Macau)

Time zone UTC+8 (China Standard Time)

Date format  yyyy-mm-dd

 or yyyy 年 m 月 d 日
 (CE; CE-1949)

Driving side right (mainland); left (Hong Kong and

Macau)

Calling code +86 (mainland); +852 (Hong

Kong); +853 (Macau)

ISO 3166 code CN

Internet TLD  .cn

 .中国
 .中國
 .hk (Hong Kong)
 .mo (Macau)

Japan

 日本国 or 日本 (Japanese)[a]
 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku
Nippon or Nihon

Flag
 Imperial Seal

Anthem: "Kimigayo" (君が代)

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Government Seal

Japanese territory in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled

territory in light green

Capital Tokyo
and largest city 35°41′N 139°46′E

National Japanese
language

Demonym(s) Japanese

Government Unitary parliamentary constitutional
monarchy

• Emperor Naruhito
• Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga

Legislature National Diet

• Upper house House of Councillors

• Lower house House of Representatives

Formation
• Imperial Dynasty February 11, 660 BC
established
• First constitution November 29, 1890
• Current constitution May 3, 1947

Area
• Total 377,975 km2 (145,937 sq mi)[2] (62nd)
• Water (%) 1.4 (as of 2015)[3]

Population
• 2021 estimate  125,360,000[4] (11th)

• 2015 census 127,094,745[5]
• Density 334/km2 (865.1/sq mi) (24th)

GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate
• Total  $5.586 trillion[6] (4th)

• Per capita  $44,585 (27th)

GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate
• Total  $5,378 trillion[6] (3rd)

• Per capita  $42,928 (23nd)

Gini (2015) 33.9[7]
medium · 78th

HDI (2019)  0.919[8]
very high · 19th

Currency Japanese yen (¥)

Time zone UTC+09:00 (JST)

Driving side left

Calling code +81

ISO 3166 code JP

Internet TLD .jp

Russian Federation

 Российская Федерация (Russian)
  Rossiyskaya Federatsiya

Flag

Coat of arms

Anthem: 
Государственный гимн Российской Федерации
Gosudarstvenny gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii
("State Anthem of the Russian Federation")

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Russia on the globe with unrecognized territories in light

green.[a]

Capital Moscow
and largest city 55°45′N 37°37′E

Official language Russian[2]

and national
language

Recognised nation See Languages of Russia

al languages

Ethnic groups  80.9% Russian
(2010) [3]
 3.9% Tatar
  1.4% Ukrainian
 1.1% Bashkir
 1.0% Chuvash
 1.0% Chechen
 10.7% Other

Religion  73% Christianity
(2017)[4]  —70% Russian Orthodoxy
 —3% Other Christian
 15% No religion
 10% Islam
 2% Other

Demonym(s) Russian

Government Federal semi-presidential constitutional
republic

• President Vladimir Putin

• Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin
• Speaker of the Valentina Matviyenko
Federation Council
• Speaker of the Vyacheslav Volodin
State Duma
• Chief Justice Vyacheslav Lebedev

Legislature Federal Assembly

• Upper house Federation Council

• Lower house State Duma

Formation
• Rurikids founded 862
• Kievan Rus' 879
• Duchy of Moscow 1283
• Tsardom of Russia 16 January 1547
• Russian Empire 2 November 1721
• Monarchy abolished 15 March 1917
• Russian Federation 12 December 1991
• Current constitution 12 December 1993
• Last polity admitted 18 March 2014
• Last amendments 4 July 2020

Area
• Total 17,098,246 km2 (6,601,670 sq mi)[5][b] 
(1st)
• Water (%) 13[7] (including swamps)
 Population
• 2021 estimate   146,171,015
 (including Crimea)[8]
  143,759,445
 (excluding Crimea)[8]
(9th)
• Density 8.4/km2 (21.8/sq mi) (181st)

GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate
• Total  $4,328 trillion[9] (6th)

• Per capita  $29,485[9] (50th)

GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate
• Total  $1.710 trillion[9] (11th)

• Per capita  $11,654[9] (59th)

Gini (2018)  37.5[10]
medium · 98th

HDI (2019)  0.824[11]
very high · 52nd

Currency Russian ruble (₽) (RUB)

Time zone UTC+2 to +12

Driving side right

Calling code +7

ISO 3166 code RU

Internet TLD  .ru

 .рф

Islamic Republic of Pakistan

 ‫اِسالمی جمہوریہ پاكِستان‬ (Urdu)

 Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān[1]

Flag
 State emblem

Motto: Īmān, Ittihād, Nazam

‫ نظم‬،‫ اتحاد‬،‫ایمان‬ (Urdu)
"Faith, Unity, Discipline"[2]

Anthem: Qaumī Tarānah
‫قَومی ترانہ‬
"The National Anthem"

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Land controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; land claimed but not controlled
shown in light green

Capital Islamabad
33°41′30″N 73°03′00″E

Largest city Karachi

24°51′36″N 67°00′36″E

Official language Urdu, English

s

Other languages Punjabi (39%) • Pashto (18%) • Sindhi (15%) • Saraiki (12%)

• Balochi (3%) • Hindko (2%) • Brahui (1%) • Kashmiri (0.17%)

• Balti • Burushaski • Dameli • Domaaki • Gawar-Bati • Kalasha 
• Khowar • Kohistani • Kutchi • Memoni • Pahari-Pothwari • Shi
na • Wakhi • Yidgha

Ethnic groups  44.7% Punjabis
 (2020[3])  15.4% Pashtuns
 14.1% Sindhis
 8.4% Saraikis
 7.6% Muhajirs
 3.6% Balochs
 6.3% others

Religion  96.47% Islam (State religion)[4]

(2017[5])  2.14% Hinduism
 1.27% Christianity
 0.9% Ahmadiyya
 0.02% Others
See Religion in Pakistan

Demonym(s) Pakistani

Government Federal parliamentary constitutional republic

• President Arif Alvi

• Prime Minister Imran Khan
• Chairman of the Sadiq Sanjrani
Senate
• Speaker of the Asad Qaiser
National Assembly
• Chief Justice Gulzar Ahmed

Legislature Parliament

• Upper house Senate

• Lower house National Assembly

Independence
from the United Kingdom
• Dominion 14 August 1947
• Islamic Republic 23 March 1956
• Last 12 January 1972
polity withdrawn
• Current constitution 14 August 1973

Area
• Total 881,913 km2 (340,509 sq mi)[a][7] (33rd)
• Water (%) 2.86

Population
• 2018 estimate  212,228,286[8][9] (5th)

• 2017 census  207.8 million

• Density 244.4/km2 (633.0/sq mi) (56th)

GDP (PPP) 2020 estimate
• Total  $1.076 trillion[10] (22nd)

• Per capita  $5,160[10] (134th)

GDP (nominal) 2019 estimate
• Total  $287.2 billion[10] (42nd)

• Per capita  $1,260[10] (151st)

Gini (2015) 33.5[11]
medium

HDI (2019)  0.557[12]
medium · 152nd

Currency Pakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)

Time zone UTC+05:00 (PST)

DST is not observed

Date format  dd-mm-yyyy[b]

Mains electricity 230 V–50 Hz

Driving side left[13]

Calling code +92

ISO 3166 code PK

Internet TLD .pk

Website
www.pakistan.gov.pk

United States of America

Flag

Coat of arms

Motto:
 "In God We Trust"[1]

show

Other traditional mottos:

Anthem:

"The Star-Spangled Banner"[3]

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March:
"The Stars and Stripes Forever"[4][5]

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Great Seal:[2]

Show globe (states and D.C. only) Show the U.S. and its territories Show

all

Capital Washington, D.C.

38°53′N 77°01′W

Largest city New York City

40°43′N 74°00′W
 Official language None at the federal level[a]
s

National English
language

Ethnic groups By race:
(2019) [8]

 76.3% White
 13.4% Black
 5.9% Asian
 2.8% Multiracial
 1.3% Native American
 0.2% Pacific Islander
By ethnicity:

 81.5% Non-Hispanic or Latino

 18.5% Hispanic or Latino

Religion  65% Christianity
(2020)[9]  28% No religion
 6% Others
 1% Unanswered

Demonym(s) American[b][10]

Government Federal presidential constitutional republic

• President Joe Biden (D)

• Vice President Kamala Harris (D)
• House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D)
• Chief Justice John Roberts

Legislature Congress

• Upper house Senate

• Lower house House of Representatives

Independence
from Great Britain
• Declaration July 4, 1776
• Confederation March 1, 1781
• Treaty of Paris September 3, 1783
• Constitution June 21, 1788
• Bill of Rights September 25, 1789
• Last state admitted August 21, 1959
• Last amendment May 5, 1992

Area
• Total area 3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,520 km2)[c][11] (3rd/4th)
• Water (%) 4.66 (as of 2015)[12]
• Total land area 3,531,905 sq mi (9,147,590 km2)

Population
• 2020 census  331,449,281[d][13] (3rd)

• Density 87/sq mi (33.6/km2) (146th)

GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate
• Total  $22.675 trillion[14] (2nd)

• Per capita  $68,309[14] (7th)

GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate
• Total  $22.675 trillion[14] (1st)

• Per capita  $68,309[14] (5th)

Gini (2020)  48.5[15]
high

HDI (2019)  0.926[16]
very high · 17th

Currency United States dollar ($) (USD)

Time zone UTC−4 to −12, +10, +11

• Summer (DST) UTC−4 to −10[e]

Date format  mm/dd/yyyy

 yyyy-mm-dd

Mains electricity 120 V–60 Hz

Driving side right[f]

Calling code +1

ISO 3166 code US

Internet TLD Generic top-level domain

[17]
 .com, .org, .net, .edu, .gov, .mil
ccTLD (generally not used in the U.S.)
.us, .pr, .as, .gu, .mp, .vi and, formerly, .um (removed
by ICANN in 2008, but still recognized by the U.S.
government as a ccTLD)