What are the tools /features of scientific management and explain each.

1. Separation of planning & doing: Scientific management emphasizes separating

the functions of planning and doing. This means that managers and planners are
responsible for creating detailed plans and instructions for workers, while workers
focus solely on executing those plans. This division of labor allows for more
efficient and specialized work, as each group can focus on their respective tasks
without distractions.

2. Functional foremanship: Functional foremanship is a concept in scientific

management that involves dividing the supervisory role into specialized functions.
Under this system, each worker is supervised by two individuals: one who
specializes in the technical aspects of the work (such as methods and processes)
and another who oversees the worker's personal welfare (such as training and
discipline). This dual supervision ensures that both the technical and human aspects
of the job are effectively managed.

3. Job Analysis: Job analysis is a systematic process used in scientific

management to study and document the tasks, responsibilities, and requirements of
a particular job. It involves breaking down a job into its component tasks,
determining the necessary skills and qualifications, and establishing performance
standards. Job analysis provides a foundation for other scientific management
practices such as work design, training, and performance evaluation.

4. Standardization: Standardization refers to the establishment of uniform

methods, procedures, and performance standards across an organization. Scientific
management advocates for standardizing work processes to eliminate variations
and inefficiencies. By developing standardized methods, organizations can achieve
consistency, simplify training, reduce errors, and improve productivity.
Standardization also enables better control and coordination of work activities.

5. Scientific selection and training of workers: Scientific management

emphasizes the systematic selection and training of workers based on their
aptitude and abilities. Managers are encouraged to use scientific methods to
identify the most suitable candidates for specific job roles. Once selected,
workers undergo training to develop the necessary skills and knowledge required
for their roles. This approach ensures that workers are well-matched to their jobs,
leading to improved efficiency and productivity.

6. Financial Incentives: Scientific management suggests the use of financial

incentives to motivate workers. This includes offering monetary rewards, such as
piece-rate pay or bonuses, based on individual or group performance. The belief is
that by tying compensation to productivity, workers will be motivated to increase
their output and earn more money. Financial incentives are intended to align the
interests of workers with the goals of the organization.

7. Economy: Economy, as a feature of scientific management, emphasizes the

efficient use of resources, including time, materials, and equipment. It involves
eliminating waste, reducing unnecessary motions, streamlining processes, and
optimizing the allocation of resources. By promoting economic practices,
organizations can reduce costs, improve productivity, and enhance overall
efficiency.

8. Mental Revolution: The concept of a "mental revolution" in scientific

management refers to a shift in mindset and attitudes among both managers and
workers. It entails embracing a more cooperative and collaborative approach to
work, where managers and workers work together towards common goals. This
revolution involves replacing the traditional adversarial relationship between labor
and management with a partnership built on trust, mutual respect, and shared
objectives. The mental revolution is crucial for the successful implementation of
scientific management principles.