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Facilities Sand
Management Separator Jetting – Settled Solids (post B-FSM-115)
Wellhead Desander

Wellhead Filters

eJECT™ Cyclonic Jetting

Sand Cleaning Systems

Sand Separation & Collection

Dewatering, Transport, &

Disposal

Produced Water
Treatment
Desanding Hydrocyclones

Deoiling Hydrocyclones

CPI / IGF

NSF

Compact Separation Static, settled solids in production separators, free water knock out vessels, and gravity devices are harder to remove as time
Systems increases. This is due to mechanical consolidation and chemical binding.

Gas Liquid Separation

Mechanical Effect – Consolidation
Pre-Separation & Dehydration
Rearrangement of particles to more compact state by removal of liquid between grains
Partial Processing This does not occur from clays/silt/fines located between sand grains as these small particles do not settle in water

Conceptual Designs phase, but pass to oil and water streams

Consolidation occurs from gravity, lubrication, and vibrations (platform/equipment) – and increases with time
Downhole Separation
Chemical Effect – Binding
Subsea Separation
Occurs by bridging between grains or cementation
Caused by wax, asphaltene, precipitates, bitumen, tar balls, corrosion products, bacteria, scale formation, iron sulfide, or
viscous chemicals
Onset from decrease in pressure and temperature in production separator compared to tubular and wellhead, plus
chemical additions

Consolidated or cemented sand requires chemical, thermal, and/or mechanical action to unbind.

Keep sand fluidized – move or remove frequently!

The example in the header graphic shows a mixture of reservoir chalk and proppant sand settled into a production separator
offshore Denmark. These solids have a gravel appearance which is due to the fine chalk particles cemented by scale to form
gravel size “particles”. A close-up of the created particles is shown below. These chunks bridged over the sand pan slots and
could only be removed by manual intervention after shutting down the separator.
 Next week I will start to cover the traditional jetting design.

References:

1. Rawlins, C.H., “Design of a Cyclonic Solids Jetting Device and Slurry Transport System for Production Systems”, paper
166118, presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, LA, 30 September – 2 October,
2013. https://doi.org/10.2118/166118-MS

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