Acharya Jyotish Path 1 5

A-I-05
eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~ oSfndokÄ~e;L;sfrgkl%
(Institute of Distance Education)
jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~
Hkkjrh;k laLÑfr'p
(ekfurfo'ofo|ky;%) vkpk;Z] izFkeo"kZe~]
i×Óei=ke~
[k.M%
1 osnifjp;%
izFke% ikB% 05&21
f}rh;% ikB% 22&35
r`rh;% ikB% 36&50
prqFkZ% ikB% 51&67
i×Óe% ikB% 68&84

leh{k.ke~
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dqyifrpj%
l-la-fo-fo-] okjk.klh (m-iz-)
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Mk- v'kksdpUæxkSM+'kkL=kh Mk- lqUnjukjk;.k>k
jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~ Jhyk-c-'kk-jk-la-fo-]
xjyhifjlj%] fg-iz- uonsgyh
(1 ikB%) (2&5 ikBk%)
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izks- jkey[kuik.Ms;% Mk- jRueksgu>k%
lkfgR;foHkkx% ofj’lgk;dkpk;Z%] nwjLFkf'k{kk
jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] y[kuÅifjlj%] m-iz- jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh
la;kstue~ lkgkÕ;e~
Mk- jRueksgu>k% Jh dw- osÄïVs'kew£r%
ofj’lgk;dkpk;Z%] nwjLFkf'k{kk lgk;dkpk;Z%] nwjLFkf'k{kk
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izdk'kue~
izks- jekdkUrik.Ms;%
funs'kd%] eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~
jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh
izFkeeqæ.ke~ µ 2010
iqueqZæ.ke~ µ 2013] 2014] 2015
ISBN : 978-93-82091-38-7
© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

lokZf/dkj% lqjf{kr%A uonsgyhLFk&jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkuL; fyf[kr:is.kkuqefre~ vizkI;
;sudsukfi ekè;esu vL;k% ikBÔlkeXz;k% df×pnI;a'ka iqu% izLrksrqe~ vuqefr% ukfLrA
iz;Dq rdkxne~ & Agro-based environment Friendly.
i`"BfoU;kl%
Jhjkthodqekj¯lg%
jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh
i=kifjp;%
jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkuL; O;kdj.klkfgR;kpk;ZikBÔØes izFkeo"ksZ i×Óei=ks fo"k;};e~
vè;srO;a orZrsµ oSfndokÄ~e;L; bfrgkl% Hkkjrh;k laLÑfr ÜÓsfrA i=ks¿fLeu~ vkgR; "kV~
[k.Mk% orZUrsA rs"kq vknkS f=k"kq [k.Ms"kq oSfndokÄ~e;L; bfrgkl%] vUrs p f=k"kq [k.Ms"kq
Hkkjrh;k laLÑfr%A
oSfndokÄ~eL;sfrgkls osnkuka Js"BRoe~ vLekda thous rs"kke~ mi;ksfxrka p
izn';Z mÙkjoSfndlkfgR;kfu osnkÄõkfu p o£.krkfu lfUrA osnifjp;ukeds izFkes [k.Ms
i×Ó"kq ikBs"kq osnekgkRE;a osnifjp;a p Hkoku~ ifB";frA rs"kq izFkes ikBs oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%
f}rh;s ikBs ÍXosnifjp;%] r`rh;s ikBs ;tqosZnifjp;%] prqFksZ ikBs lkeosnifjp;%] i×Óes
ikBs vFkoZosnifjp; ÜÓ orZrsA
mÙkjoSfndokÄ~e;uked% f}rh;% [k.M% "k’kr~ ikBknkjH; uoeikBi;ZUra fo|rsA
r=k "k’s ikBs czkã.klkfgR;a] lIres ikBs vkj.;dlkfgR;e~] v‘es ikBs mifu"kRlkfgR;a]
uoes ikBs oSfndizLFkkukfu v‘kn'kfo|kLFkkukfu p Hkoku~ vè;s";frA
r`rh;% [k.M% orZrs osnkÄõifjp;%A [k.Mks¿;a n'keikBknkjH; i×Ón'ka ikBa
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=k;ksn'ks ikBs fu#Dra] prqnZ'ks ikBs NUn%'kkL=ka] i×Ón'ks p ikBs T;kSfr"ka orZrsA ,oEizdkjs.k
i×Ón'kikBs"kq oSfndokÄ~e;L;sfrgkl% lEiw.kZrka ;kfrA
Hkkjrh;laLÑrkS osndkfydlaLÑfr% rnuUrjdkfydlaLÑfr% Hkkjrjk"VªL; izk.kk/
k;dkfu lkaLÑfrdrÙokfu p vrho jkspd'kSY;k fu:firkfu orZUrsA laLÑfruked%
prqFkZ% [k.M% "kksM'kikBknkjH; ,d¯o'ka ikBa ;konfLrA [k.Ms¿fLeu~ "kksM'ks ikBs Hkkjrh;laLÑrs%
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ikBs ijo£rdkfydHkkjrh;laLÑrs% foLr`ra o.kZua orZrsA
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lfUr cgwfu dkj.kkfuA dkj.kHkwrkuka rs"kka ize[q klkaLÑfrdrÙokuka lfUuos'k% i×Óe[k.Ms¿fLeu~
}k¯o'kikBkr~ "kM~¯o'kikBi;ZUra Ñr% orZrsA }k¯o'ks ikBs Hkkjrh;i¼R;uqlkjs.k laLdkjk%
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[k.ML;kL; uke orZrs izdh.kkZfu lkaLÑfrdrÙokfuA Hkkjrh;laLÑrs% fofo/foLrkj%
[k.Ms¿fLeu~ mifuc¼% orZrsA lIr¯o'ks ikBs Hkkjrh;laLÑfrlEc¼k% fofo/k% dyk%
fu:firk%] v‘k¯o'ks p ikBs iqjkrua foKkua xqfEiQra orZrsA ,dksu¯=k'ks ikBs cgqfo/kfu
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yksdksÙkja egÙoa izfrikfnre~A yksdkH;qn;s gsrqHkwrk% osnk% loZrksHkkosu laj{k.kh;k% lfUrA
osn'kCnL;kFkkZ% osnkuka lkoZtuhua lkoZHkkSfeda p ekgkRE;a izdV;fUrA osnk% vikS#"ks;k%
lfUrA ½"k;% eU=kk.kka æ"Vkj% lfUr] u rq drkZj%A osnk% czã.kks fu%'oklHkwrk%A fdUrq osna
iq#"kÑra eRok dspu osndr`ZRookfnu% osnkuka dkyfu/kZj.ka dqoZfUrA rFkk Ñrs lR;fi osnk%
loZizkphuk% flè;fUrA osnkuka foHkkxk% yksdO;oLFkkuqdwyk% lfUrA cgqfo/a foHkDrk% osnk%
yksdO;oLFkk;ka oSfnda oSfoè;a izdV;fUrA rsu osnkuka O;kidrk lokZÄõh.krk p lEi|rsA
f}rh;ikBL; uke ^^½Xosnifjp;%** vfLrA osn"s kq ½XosnL; izkFkE;a loS%Z LohÑre~A
;Ks"kq gksr`deZlEc¼k% ½XosnL; eU=kk% i|kRedk% nsoLrqfr:ik'p lfUrA ½Xosnlafgrk
f}/k foHkDrk & v"VdØes.k e.MyØes.k pA ½XosnL; 'kk[kk%] lwDrkfu] nsork%]
½"k;'NUnkafl] izfrik|fo"k;k'psfr ikBs¿fLeu~ izfriknf;";UrsA ½XosnL; czkã.kkj.;dksifu"knka
izkFkfed% ifjp;ks¿I;=k Hkfo";frA
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eU=kk% ;Ks"kq vèo;qZdeZlEc¼k% x|kRedk% ;Kijk'p lfUrA 'kqDy;tqosZnL; i×p
'kk[kk% Ñ".k;tqosZnL; p prlz% 'kk[kk% yH;UrsA 'kqDy;tqosZnL; ekè;fUnudk.olafgrs
izfl¼s Lr%A mHk;ksjfi lafgr;kseZè;s pRok¯j'knè;k;k% lfUrA ;tqosZnL; izfrik|k% fo"k;k
;KlEc¼k% orZUrsA
prqFkZikBL; uke ^^lkeosnifjp;%** vfLrA lkeosnL; eU=kk% ;Ks"kq vkSn~xk=kdeZ&
lEc¼k% xkuijk% lfUrA lkeosnL; frlz% 'kk[kk% yH;UrsA lkeosnlafgrk iwokZ£pd&
mÙkjk£pdHksnus f}/k foHkDrkA lkeosns xkukfu xzkexs;&vkj.;&Åg&ÅáHksnus prq£o/kfu
HkofUrA lkexkus "kM~fo/k% lkefodkjk% iz;qT;UrsA prq"kqZ osns"kq lkeosnL; lokZf/da
egÙoa Jw;rsA
i×peikBL; uke ^^vFkoZosnifjp;%** vfLrA vFkoZosnL; uofo/klq 'kk[kklq
lkEizra }s 'kk[ks yH;srs&iSIiykn'kk[kk 'kkSud'kk[kk psfrA mHk;ksjfi 'kk[k;ks% ¯o'kfr&¯o'kfr
dk.Mkfu lfUrA dk.Mkfu lwDrs"kq foHkDrkfuA vFkoZosn ,drLrq ^czãosn* bfr dF;rs]
vijr'p r=k ekj.keksguksPpkVukfnijk% fo"k;k% vfi yH;UrsA
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çFke% ikB% (oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%) oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%
ikBlajpuk
1-1 izLrkouk
1-2 mís';e~
1-3 osnkuka egÙoe~
1-3-1 osnj{kk
Ø v"VkS foÑr;%]
Ø LojkfnoSf'k"VÔe~
cks/iz'u%
1-4 osn'kCnkFkZ%
1-4-1 osnokpdk% 'kCnk%
Ø osnkFkZefgek
cks/iz'u%
1-5 osnkukeikS#"ks;rk
1-6 osndkyfu/kZj.ke~
1-6-1 Hkkjrh;fonq"kka erkfu
1-6-2 oSnsf'kdfonq"kka erkfu
1-6-3 HkwxHkZfo"k;da ere~
1-6-4 f'kykys[kk/kfjra ere~
cks/iz'u%
1-7 oSfndokÄ~e;L; foHkkxks O;kfIr'p
1-7-1 oSfndokÄ~e;L; foHkktdrÙokfu
1-7-2 f}/k foHkkx%
1-7-3 f=k/k foHkkx%
1-7-4 prq/kZ foHkkx%
1-7-5 cgq/k foHkkx%
cks/iz'u%
1-8 lkjka'k%
1-9 'kCnkoyh
1-10 lUnHkZxzUFk%
1-11 lgk;dxzUFk%
1-12 cks/iz'uksÙkjkf.k
1-13 vH;kliz'uk%
1-1 izLrkouk
oSfndokÄ~e;L;sfrgkls Hkorka Lokxre~A okÄ~e;a f}/k foHkT;rs oSfnda ykSfdda
psfrA Hkkjrh;fopkjkuqlkjs.k osn ,o yksdL; ewyefLrA iQyk£FkfHkewZya laj{k.kh;a HkofrA
Hkkjrh;laLÑrsewZyHkwrks osn% ifjps;%A Hkkjrh;k ijEijk osnkukeikS#"ks;rka lk/;frA osnkuka
iq#"kdr`ZRos LohÑrs lR;fi osnk% fo'ookÄ~e;s izkphurek% flè;fUrA osnkuka lokZÄõh.krk
O;kidrk pkfi fo|k£Fkuk foKkrO;k HkofrA 5

osnifjp;% 1-2 mís';e~
vL; ikBL; vè;;usu Hkoku~µ
Ø osnkuka egÙoa KkL;frA
Ø osn'kCnL;kFkZe~ voxfe";frA
Ø osnkuke~ vikS#"ksRoa izfriknf;rqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA
Ø osnkuka dkyfo"k;dkfu erkfu KkL;frA
Ø oSfndokÄ~e;L; O;kidrka fu:if;rqa 'k{;frA
1-3 osnkuka egÙoe~

fo'ookÄ~e;s laLÑrokÄ~e;L; laLÑrokÄ~e;s p oSfndokÄ~e;L; egÙoa lkfr'k;a
orZrsA okd~ ,o lEiw.kkZ l`f"V#P;rsA r=k ;k laLÑrk okd~] lk iz'kL;rsA lk p laLÑrk
okd~ f}/k izksDrk&oSfndh ykSfddh psfrA r=kkfi ykSfddL; lexzL;kfi okfXorkuL; ewya
oSfndh okxso HkofrA rnqDra egkHkkjrs Hkxork osnO;klsu&
vukfnfu/uk fuR;k okxqRl`"Vk Lo;aHkqokA
vknkS osne;h fnO;k ;r% lokZ% izo`Ùk;%AA1
=k;k.kkefi yksdkuka] prq.kkZefi o.kkZuka] prq.kkZefi pkJek.kka] HkwrHkkfouka psfr
ldykukeso tkxfrdkuka oLrqtkrkuka ewya osn ,osfr euqjkgµ
pkrqo.Z ;± =k;ks yksdk'pRokj'pkJek% i`Fkd~A
Hkwra HkO;a Hkfo";a p lo± osnkr~ izflè;frAA2
losZ"kkeso ukekfu dekZf.k p i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~A
osn'kCnsH; ,oknkS i`Fkd~ laLFkk'p fueZesAA3
czkã.kkuka Ñrs rq osnL; egÙoeR;f/da orZrsA ^czkã.ksu fu"dkj.kks /eZ% "kM~Äõks
osnks¿è;s;ks Ks;'p* bfr egkHkk";s ir×tfyoZnfrA tUeukdf'pnfi czkã.kks u HkofrA
czkã.kL; czkã.kRoa osnkè;;uewyda HkofrA osnkè;;ujfgrks czkã.k% 'kwærqY;ks HkofrA
rnqDra euqukµ
;ks¿u/hR; f}tks osneU;=k dq#rs Jee~A
l thoÂso 'kwæRoek'kq xPNfr lkUo;%AA4
dnkfpnh'ojL; lÙkkeLohdqokZ.kks¿fi tu vkfLrdks HkforqegZfr] fdUrq osnL;
lÙkka izkek.;a ok ;ks u Lohdjksfr] l osnfuUnd% loZFkk ukfLrd ,oA rnqDra ^ûkfLrdks
osnfuUnd%**5 bfrA osnkuka egÙoizfrikndkfu ,oaHkwrkfu Hkw;kafl opukfu 'kkL=ks"kq lfUrA
euqLe`rkoso ;Fkkµ
osnks¿f[kyks /eZewye~A6
loZKkue;ks fg l%A7
/e± ftKklekukuka izek.ka ijea Jqfr%A8
osn'p{kq% lukrue~A9
6
1-3-1 osnj{kk oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%
^^/eksZ j{kfr jf{kr%** bR;qfDr% /eZL; osnewydRokn~ ^ôsnks j{kfr jf{kr%**

bR;soa i;ZoL;frA osnL; rFkkHkwra egÙoeo/k;Z osnj{kk;S df'pnufrlk/kj.k% iz;kl%
iwoZtS£ofgr%A xq#f'k";ijEij;k izo£rrk osnikBijEijk r=k egh;lh osnj{kki¼frjfLrA
osneU=kk.kka ikBØeks¿fi cgq/k Jw;rsA osnj{kksik;s"kq eU=kikBef/ÑR; v"VkS foÑr;%
LohÑrk% vHkwou~A
Ø v"VkS foÑr;%µ
eU=kk.kka fo'kq¼a Lo:ia loZFkSo lqjf{kra L;kfnR;Fk± inØes.k
v{kjØes.k vuqyksefoyksekfnuk p osnikBL;k"VkS fo/;ks¿"VfoÑr;% dF;UrsA ikBa
fodqoZÂfi osnikBh r=k fo'kq¼a ikBa laj{kfrA rk'pk"VfoÑr;% lfUrµ
tVk ekyk f'k[kk js[kk èotks n.Mks jFkks ?ku%A
v"VkS foÑr;% izksDrk% ØeiwokZ eg£"kfHk%AA10
Ø LojkfnegÙoe~µ
^^,d% 'kCn% lE;x~Kkr% lqiz;qDr% LoxsZ eR;sZ p dke/qd~
Hkofr** bfr fn'kk osneU=kksPpkj.sk LojkfnegÙoa osnegÙokuqlkfj orZrsA ,dSd'kks¿fi
o.kZ% ek=kk Loj'p osneU=ks"kq ekgkRE;a HktfrA rnqDre~µ
eU=kks ghu% Lojrks o.kZrks ok feF;kiz;Dq rks u reFkZekgA
l okXotzks ;tekua fgufLr ;FksUæ'k=kq% Lojrks¿ijk/kr~AA11
cks/iz'u%
1- osnL; loZl`f"Vewydrk izn';Zrke~A
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2- d% czkã.k% 'kwærkesfr \
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3- ukfLrd% d% \
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4- v"VkS foÑr;% dk% \

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1-4 osn'kCnkFkZ%
fon~ /krks% ?k×k~ izR;;s Ñrs lfr osn'kCnks fu"i|rsA fon~ /krq% prq"kqZ vFksZ"kq
iz;qT;rsA fon~/krksjFkZ% Kkua lÙkk ykHkks fopkj'psfr HkofrA eg£"kn;kuUnL; fuoZpuefLrµ
^^fonfUr¾tkufUr] fo|Urs¾HkofUr] foUnfUr vFkok foUnUrs¾yHkUrs] foUnUrs¾fopkj;fUr
losZ euq";k% lokZ% lR;fo|k% ;S;sZ"kq ok rFkk fo}kal'p HkofUr] rs osnk%** bfrA12
fo|k'kCnks¿fi vLeknso fon~/krks% fu"i|rsA rsu fo|kosn;ks% lekuks¿FkZ% izrh;rsA
osn'kCnL; fof'k"Vks¿FkZLr=k osns vykSfddrka xe;frA ½XosnHkk";Hkwfedk;ka
lk;.kkpk;sZ.kksDre~µ ^^b"VizkIR;fu"Vifjgkj;ksjykSfddeqik;a ;ks osn;fr l osn%** bfrA
osnL; osnRoef/ÑR; lk;.kkpk;sZ.kSo 'yksdks¿;eq¼`r%µ
izR;{ks.kkuqfeR;k ok ;Lrwik;ks u cqè;rsA
,ua fonfUr osnsu rLekn~ osnL; osnrkAA13
rsu osnL; ikjykSfddn`"VÔkfi ijea izkek.;a le£Fkra HkofrA ijeizek.kHkwrL;
osnL; Lo:ifo"k;s ckS/k;u&vkiLrEcizHk`frfHk% lw=kdkjS% ^êU=kczkã.k;ksosZnuke/s;e~**
bR;qP;rsA vr% osnL; Lo:ia] ^êU=kczkã.kkReda** fu/kZfjra HkofrA r=k eU=kinsu
^^lafgrk** x`árs] czkã.kinsu p ^^czkã.kkj.;dksifu"kn%** x`áUrsA rsu osnL; Lo:ia
^^la f grkcz k ã.kkj.;dks i fu"knkReda * * flè;frA fdUrq cz k ã.kkj.;dks i fu"kn%
eU=klafgrkesokuqxPNUrhfr izk/kU;su osn'kCnL; iz;ksx% ½X;tq%lkekFkoZ.kka prq.kk± eU=klafgrkuka
Ñrs HkofrA
1-4-1 osnokpdk% 'kCnk%

osnL; i;kZ;Hkwrk% uSds 'kCnk% lfUrµ Jqfr%] =k;h] vkEuk;%] NUn%]
Lokè;k;%] vkxe%] fuxe'psfrA xq#f'k";ijEijk;ka JqfrijEij;k la/kj.kkn~ osn% Jqfrfjfr
dF;rsA ½X;tq%lkEuka =k;k.kka lewgL=k;h HkofrA osneU=kk.kka i|&x|&xku&Lo:ir;k
r=kS o =k;heè;s ¿ FkoZ o s n L;kfi xz g .ka HkofrA ifjorZ u elgekuks os n % loZ F kk
lqfLFkjLoHkkooRoknkEuk; bR;qP;rsA eU=kkRedks osn'NUn%'kCnsukfHk/h;rsA ^Lokè;k;ks¿è;srO;%]
Loè;k;kUek izen%* bR;kfnokD;s"kq Lokè;k;ks osni;kZ;%A vkxe'kCnks osnL; /eZewydrak
lwp;frA fuxe'kCn'p oSfndha izo`¯Ùk iz[;ki;frA
Ø osnkFkZefgekµ
LFkk.kqj;a Hkkjgkj% fdykHkwr~
v/hR; osna u fotkukfr ;ks¿FkZeA~
;ks¿FkZK br~ ldyHkæe'uqrs
ukdes f r Kkufo/w r ikEekAA 14
osnkFkkZocks/usu ldyiz;kstuflf¼HkZofrA yksdksÙkjs.k futkFksZu

osnk% loZfo/kukefi Js;lka lk/dk% lfUrA vr ,oksDre~µ
8
lxkZnkS LiqQjrka leLrtxrka ;% Js;ls tfKoku~ oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%
vFkkZuH;qn;k; laizfFkroku~ rk¡Lrk¡Lrq oSKkfudku~A
;'pksPÓkopHkkooku~ fofo/lf}|kfHk:|ksroku~
fo'ofLeu~ Hkqous l osnHkxoku~ Hkw;ks tjhtÈHkrke~AA
cks/iz'u%
5- osn'kCnL; dks¿FkZ% \
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6- osnL; i;kZ;k% ds \
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7- osnkFkZefgek dhn`'kh \
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1-5 osnkukeikS#"ks;rk
Hkkjrh;k ijEijk izk;s.k osnL; vikS#"ks;rka LohdjksfrA rnuqlkjs.k osnk% iq#"kÑrk%
u lfUrA ½"k;ks eU=kk.kka æ"Vkj% lfUr] u rq drkZj%A osnk% czã.kks fu%'oklHkwrk% dF;UrsA
rFkksDra 'kriFkczkã.ksµ
,oa ok vjs¿L; egrks HkwrL; fu%'oflrµ
esrn~ ½Xosnks ;tqosZn% lkeosnks¿FkokZfÄõjl%A15
ijes'oj ,o osnkukfoHkkZo;frA ^^bna fo".kq£opØes =ks/k fun/s ine~**16 bR;soa
f=kyksdL; fofuekZrk ijes'oj ,o =k;hLo:ia osnekfoHkkZo;frA izy;s lfr ijes'ojs
osnkuka frjks/kua Hkofr] l`"VkS p lR;ka ijes'ojknso osnkukekfoHkkZoks tk;rsA lk{kkRÑr/ekZ.kks
½"k;Lr=k osneU=kk.kka æ"Vkjks HkofUrA rnqDra O;klsuµ
;qxkUrs¿Ur£grku~ osnku~ lsfrgklku~ eg"kZ;%A
ysfHkjs rilk iwoZeuqKkrk Lo;aHkqokAA
;rks osnk% Lo;a izknqHkwZrk% HkofUr] rLeknso rs"kka iq#"kdr`ZRoa u lEHkofrA
iq#"kdr`ZRokHkkosu osnk% lukruk% lUr% dkyfu/kZj.ka ukis{kUrsA osnkuak fuR;Roa
iwoeZ hekalk;keqÙkjehekalk;ka lka[;;ksxs osnHkk";s"kq p cgq'k% izkDs re~A 'kCnczãokfnuks oS;kdj.kk%
'kCnfuR;Rookfnuks HkwRok osnkukeikS#"ks;rka izek.k;fUrA uS;kf;dk% 'kCnkfuR;Rookfnu%
lUrks¿fi osnkukeykSfddrka lk/;fUrA 9

osnifjp;% 1-6 osndkyfu/kZj.ke~
osndr`ZRookfnu% dspu Hkkjrh;k% ik'pkR;k'p osnkukeikS#"ks;rka u LohdqoZfUrA
rs"kka ersu osnk% ½"kh.kka jpuk% lfUrA osneU=kk.kka dÙkkZjks HkofUr rs eg"kZ;%] u iquæZ"Vkj%A
rs"kk×p ½"kh.kka dkyfu/kZj.ksu osndkyfu/kZj.kefi tk;rsA osnkuka dkyfu/kZj.kfo"k;s Hkkjrh;kuka
oSnsf'kdkuka p fonq"kka izeq[kkf.k erkfu bRFka lfUrµ
JhykVw¯lgxkSreL; erkuqlkjs.k µ 40]32]000 o"kZiwoZe~
JhnhukukFkpqysVL; erkuqlkjs.k µ 3]00]000 o"kZiwoZe~
Jhj?kquUnu'keZ.k% erkuqlkjs.k µ 88]000 o"kZiwoZe~
Jht;pUæfo|kyÄïkjL; erkuqlkjs.k µ 2475 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
Jhveyusdjegksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 66]000 o"kZiwoZe~
Jhvfouk'kpUænklL; erkuqlkjs.k µ 1]00]000 o"kZiwoZe~
JhyksdekU;frydL; erkuqlkjs.k µ 6]000 bZ'koh;iwoZr%&
10]000 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
Jhukjk;.kHkoujkoikoxhegksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 9000 o"kZiwoZe~
JhckyÑ".knhf{krL; erkuqlkjs.k µ 3500 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
Jhmes'kpUænÙkL; erkuqlkjs.k µ 1]00]000 o"kZiwoZe~
Jhukukikoxh egksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 2]40]000 o"kZiwoZe~
JhoS|L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 31]000 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
JhHk.Mkjdj&ik.Mqjax egksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 3]000 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
JheSDlewyj egksn;L; µ 1200 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZr%
1000 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
Jh;kdksch (tSdksch) egksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 6500 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
Jh¯oVjfuRlegksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 2500&2000 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
JhgkxizkVegksn;;ks% erkuqlkjs.k µ 2400 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
Jh ,y-oksu Jks,Msj egksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 2000 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZr%
Jh ih-bZ-tSulu egksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 1400 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
JhgjVyegksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 500 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
Jh th- gqokfLVax egksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 1000 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZe~
Jh MCY;w-Mh-fàVus egksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 2000 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZr%&
Jh ,-,-eSdMkWuy egksn;L; erkuqlkjs.k µ 1000 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZr%
1-6-1 Hkkjrh;fonq"kka erkfu

osneU=ks"kq czkã.kxzUFks"kq p fofHkÂs"kq LFkys"kq ½rqlwpdkfu u{k=kfunsZ'kdkfu
10
p o.kZukU;qiyH;UrsA Hkkjrh;S% fo}f‰% rs"kka T;kSfr"kfo"k;drF;kukeqi;ksxks¿fi
oSfndokÄ~e;dkyfu/kZj.ks fofgr%A izeq[kk.kka Hkkjrh;fonq"kka erkfu ;Fkkµ oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%
Ø ckyÑ".knhf{krere~µ
egkjk"Vªinz 's kh;lqifz l¼T;ksfr£oKkufonq"kk Jherk 'kÄïjckyÑ".k&
nhf{kregkHkkxsu 'kriFkczkã.kL; fuEukfÄïro.kZukuqlkja 'kriFkczkã.kjpukdkyks fu/kZfjr%A
rFkk pµ ^^,da }s =khf.k pRokfj ok vU;kfu u{k=kkf.k vFkSrk ,o Hkwf;"Bk ;r~
ÑfÙkdkLrn~ Hkwekueso ,rnqiSfr rLekr~ ÑfÙkdkLokn/hrA ,rk g oS izkP;k fn'kks u
P;oUrs] lokZf.k g ok vU;kfu u{k=kkf.k izkP;k fn'k'P;oUrsAA** ÑfÙkdku{k=kL; ;k
fLFkfrj=k o£.krk] lk fLFkfr% dkyx.kukuqlkjs.k 3500 bZ'koh;o"kZiwo± fu/kZfjrk HkofrA
rLekr~ l ,o osnjpukdky%A
Ø yksdekU;frydere~µ
JhyksdekU;ckyxÄõk/jfrydegkHkkxks osnL; dkfufpr~ izdj.kkfu
lekfJR; bna lk/f;rqfe;s"k ;n~ olUrlEikrks ;nk e`xf'kjL;klhr~] rnSo osneU=kk.kka
jpuk tkrkA v=kk¿;efHkizk;ks¿fLr&pkUæ&lkSj&uk{k=k&lk;u (lEikr) Hksnus o"kZ'prq£o/ks
HkofrA }kn'kkuke~ vekokL;kuka iw£.kek.kka pSd'pkUæo"kksZ HkofrA lw;ksZn;knU;fLeu~ fnus
lw;ksZn;kr~ izkDru% dky% ,d% lkSjfnol% mP;rsA ,rkn`'kkuka 360 fnolkukesd%
lkSjo"kksZ HkofrA ,rkn`'kkuka dLekfPpnsdLekr~ u{k=kkr~ lw;Z% izfLFkrks HkwRok ;nk iqu%
rfLeÂso u{k=ks izR;ko£rrks Hkofr] rnSdks uk{k=kks o"kZ% iw.kksZ HkofrA olUrrksZjkjH;
f}rh;olUrrksZjkxeudkya ;kor~ lEikro"kZ% lk;uo"kksZ ok¿fHk/h;rsA lk;uo"ksZ¿fLeu~
uk{k=ko"kkZr~ 20-4 {k.kkuka uS;wU;a HkofrA vr ,o lk;uo"ksZ ,dSdfLeu~ lglz};s o"ksZ
,dL; eklL; uS;wU;a HkofrA Lo/qfj i`fFkoh pUæelEifjØkefrA vr% i`fFkO;k% ,dL;k%
ifjØek;k% iw r s Z ; Z % dky% l ,o ^lk;uo"kZ * ukEuk¿fHk/h;rs A ,dfLeu~ o"ks Z
lk;uo"kkZjEHklwpdk% prlz% ifjfLFkr;ks HkofUrµ jkf=ko`f¼%] fnolo`f¼%] f}okje~ vg£noL;
lekurk psfrA r=k dLekr~ LFkkukn~ o"kkZjEHkks fo/krO; bfr iz'u% leqifr"BrsA vLekda
iwoZtS% iz'uL;k¿L; bna lek/kua fofgre~ ;n~&;r% izÑfrnsoh iziqQfYyrk Hkofr] ;r'p
o`{kyrkiknikfn"kq uwruRoekjHkrs] rr ,o o"kkZjEHkks fo/s;%A bek% ?kVuk% olUrknkjHkUrsA
vr ,oksÙkQe~µ
^êq[ka ok ,rn~ ½rwuka ;n~ olUr%AA**
;nk lw;Z% olUrlEikrs lek;kfr rLeknso dkykn~ o"kkZjEHkks
HkofrA vUrs p ^^vksjk;u** bR;fHk/s;s LoxzUFks Jherk frydegkHkkxsuksÙkQe~µ
^^vLekfHkj=k f=kfo/i×pkÄõfo"k;ks fopkfjr%A ,rs"kq izFkei×pkÄõL;
le;% vfnfrdky%] e`x'kh"kZiow d Z kyks ok oÙkqQa 'kD;rsA vL; dkylhek 6000 bZ'koh;iworZ %
4000 bZ'koh;o"ksZH;% iwo± ;kor~ Lohdrq± 'kD;rsA dkyks¿;a olUrlEikrL; vkækZu{k=kkr~
ÑfÙkdku{k=ks vkxeuL;k¿fLrA dkyks¿;efregÙoiw.kZ%] vfLeÂso dkys ½XosnL;k¿usds"kka
x|i|fefJrkuka fufon~lwÙkQkuka jpuk% tkrk%] ;kfu izk;s.k ;Ks"kq iz;qT;Urs LeA dkyks¿;e~
fo'ks"kr% lwÙkQjpukdky% vklhr~A f}rh;dky% e`xf'kj%dky%] ;L; dkylhek 4000
bZ'koh;iwoZr% 2500 bZ'koh;iwo± ;kor~ Lohdrq± 'kD;rsA vk;ZlH;rk;k% Ñrs vrho
egÙoiw.kksZ¿;a dky% vklhr~A vfLeÂso le;s ½XosnL; vusds"kka lwÙkQkuka jpuk tkrkA
r`rh;'p dky% ÑfÙkdkdky%A vL; dkylhek 2500 bZ'koh;o"kZiwoZr% 1400
bZ'koh;o"ksHZ ;% iwo± ;kor~ Lohdrq± 'kD;rsA vFkkZn~ ;r% dkykn~ olUrlEikr% ÑfÙkdk;kekxr%] 11

osnifjp;% rr% dkykn~ osnkÄõT;ksfr"ki;ZUreL; oSfndokÄ~e;fuekZ.kL; e;kZnk¿fLrA rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;k%
czkã.kxzUFkkuk×pk¿;eso jpukdky%AA**19
,rsu foospusu Kk;rs ;r~ Jh frydegkHkkxkuka dFkuL;sna
rkRi;ZefLr ;r~µ ^ûk{k=ko"kkZr~ lk;uo"ksZ¿fLr 20-4 {k.kkuka y?kqrkA {k.kk ,rs lglz};o"ksZ
o`f¼eokI; izk;% ,dekl:is.k ifj.krk HkofUrA iQyr% izR;sda lglz};o"ksZ olUrlEikrk
uk{k=ko"kZr% ,dekliwoZeso tk;rsAA**20 vr ,o dkj.kkr~ JhfrydegkHkkxS% ÑfÙkdkdkyµ
e`x'kh"kZdky iquoZlqdky&lEc¼kuka f=kfo/i×pkÄõkuka foospua fofgre~A ,oa Kk;rs ;n~
osnkfoHkkZodkyfu/kZj.kk; JhfrydegkHkkxSoSZfnddky'prq"kqZ Hkkxs"kq foHkÙkQ%A rFkk fgµ
(1) vfnfrdky% 6000 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 4000 bZ'koh;iwoZe~
(2) e`xf'kj%dky% 4000 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 2500 bZ'koh;iwoZe~
(3) ÑfÙkdkdky% 2500 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 1400 bZ'koh;iwoZe~
(4) vfUre%dky% 1400 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 500 bZ'koh;iwoZe~
vr% fl¼Ôfr ;r~ Jhfrydegksn;k ^^vksjk;u** bR;fHk/s;s LoxzUFks
6000 bZ'koh;o"ksHZ ;% iwo± osnkfoHkkZodkya LohdqofZ UrA fdUrq Lodh;s ^^mÙkj/zoq fuokl**
(vkdZfVd gkse bu n osnkt) bR;fHk/s;s xzUFks rs osnku~ n'klglzs'koh;o"kZizkphuku~
(10]000 ch-lh-) lk/;fUrA
Ø nhukukFkpqysVere~µ
Jh nhukukFkpqysVegksn;su ^ôsndkyfu.kZ;%** bR;fHk/s;s LoxzUFks
T;ksfr"krF;kU;k/kjhÑR; v|izHk`fr f=ky{ko"ksZH;% iwoZeso osnkfoHkkZodkyks fu/kZfjrks orZrsA**
Ø vfouk'kpUænklere~µ
Jherk vfouk'kpUænklegksn;su Lodh;s ^^½Xosfnd bf.M;k**
bR;fHk/s;s xzUFks lkf/re~ orZrs ;n~ ½XosnL; izkphukuka lwÙkQkuka jpuk% rfLeu~ dkys
tkrk% ;nk jktiwrkukizkUrs mÙkjizns'ks p (;=k xÄõk izogfr) leqæk vklu~A l ^^V'ksZjh**
;qxL; ^êk;kslhu** bR;fHk/s;s ^Îyk;kslhu** bR;fHk/s;s p foHkkxs euq";ukekfHk/s;izkf.ku%
fodklks tkr vklhr~A21 Jh vfouk'kpUænklegksn;erkuqlkjs.k] izkphuk oSfndh lH;rk
vfrHkwrdkfydh orZrsA b;a ;fn u dksV~;f/do"kZizkphuk r£g y{kkf/do"kZizkphuk rq oÙkqaQ
'kD;r ,oA22
1-6-2 oSnsf'kdfonq"kka erkfu

eSDlewyjL; ere~µ osnkuka dkyfu/kZj.kL; loZizFke% iz;kl%
JheSDlewyj&ukekfHk/s;su 'keZ.; (teZuh) ns'kfonq"kk fofgr% vklhr~A rsu lu~ 1859
bZ'koh;s ^^, fgLVªh vkWiQ ,sfU'k,.V laLÑr fyVjspj** bR;fHk/s;s LoxzUFks lEiw.kZefi
oSfndlkfgR;a NUn%dky&eU=kdky&czkã.kdky&lw=kdkyprq"V;s foHkÙkQe~A ,dSdL; ;qxL;
xzUFkfuekZ.kkFk± rsu 'kr};o"kkZof/% fu/kZfjr vklhr~A Jh eSDlewyjegksn;ks eU;rs ;r~
czkã.k/eZL; ¯glke;nsoiwtkMEcjizfrfØ;k:is.kSo ckS¼/eZL; mn;ks tkr vklhr~A Jh
eSDlewyjegksn;ks lw=kxzUFkku~ ckS¼/eZL; vkfne;qxL; jpukRosu LohdjksfrA rFkkxrks cq¼ks
12 477 bZ'koh;o"kZiwo± fuokZ.ke~ vokIroku~ vklhr~A vr% JheSDlewyjegksn;erkuqlkjs.kµ
(1) NUn% dky% µ 1200 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 1000 bZ'koh;iwoZe~ oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%
(2) eU=kdky% µ 1000 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 800 bZ'koh;iwoZe~

(3) czkã.kxzUFkkukeqifu"knka p jpukdky%µ 800 bZ'koh;iworZ % 600 bZ-iwoeZ ~
(4) lw=kxzUFkkuka jpukdky%µ 600 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 200 bZ-iwoZe~
JheSDlewyjegksn;erkuqlkjs.k NUn%dky% izkphure% dky vklhr~A
vfLeÂso le;s ½f"kfHkosZneU=kk.kka jpuk fofgrk vklhr~A ½XosnL; dkyks¿;eso vklhr~A
,oa JheSDlewyjegksn;erkuqlkjs.k bZ'koh;iwo}Z kn'k'krdkr~ (1200 bZ-iw-) bZ'koh;iwonZ 'ke&
'krda (1000 bZ-iw-) ;konso osnjpukdky% LohfØ;rsA Lodh;fena ere~ vuqekukfJra
eRok JheSDlewyjegksn;% dFk;fr ;n~ osnkuka jpukdkyfu/kZj.ke~ vfrnq"dja] fdUrq
osnk% fo'olkfgR;L; vkfnexzUFkk% lalkjs p KkukH;qn;ks osnsH;% ,o tkr bfr p
fuf'pr:is.k oÙkqaQ 'kD;r bfrA
JheSDlewyjµ egksn;L;era dksyczqd&foYlu&dhFk&eSdMkWuy&Cywe&

iQhYMizHk`frfHk% ;wjksins'kh;S% fo}n~fHk% izFkea oSKkfuderRosu LohÑre~A fdUrq JheSDlewyj&
egksn;L; osnjpukdkyfo"k;da vfHkera =kqfViw.kZefLr] ,rr~ dkyfoHkktua izek.kk/kfjra
uk¿fLr] iqu'p NUn%dky&eU=kdkyknhuka foHkktuk; 'kr};o"kkZ.kka fu/kZj.ka loZFkk dfYireso
orZrsA rFkk ^^VdhZ** ns'ks lu~ 1907 res bZ'koh;s Jháwxks foÄïyjegksn;su ,d%
f'kykys[k% izkIr% vklhr~] ;% 1400 bZ'koh;o"kZizkDru% vklhr~A r=k oSfndlaLÑrs%
oSfndnsokuka p ladsrk miyC/k vklu~A vr ,o JheSDlewyjegksn;L; era [kf.Mra
tkre~A
foUVjfuRlL; ere~µ lqizfl¼su izkP;fo|kfo'kkjnsu teZuhns'kh;su
vU;resu fonq"kk Jh foUVjfuRlegksn;su osnkuka oSfndokÄ~e;L; p jpukdky% 2500
bZ- iwoZr%µ 2000 bZ'koh;iwo± ;kor~ LohÑrks orZrs] fdUrq l% Lo;eso Loere~ izfr
lfUnX/ks¿fLr] ;rks fg oSfndh Hkk"kk leqiyC/kuka "k"Bs'koh;iwoZ'krdh;f'kykys[kkuka
izkphuiQkjlhHkk"k;k rqY;k izrh;rsA
;kdkschegksn;L; ere~µ ,sfráfonk T;ksfr£onk p lqizfl¼teZuhns'kh;&
fonq"kk ,p~- ;kdksch (tSdksch) egksn;su xHkhj'kks/dk;Z}kjk osnkuka dkyfo"k;s Lodh;ks
n`f"Vdks.k% leqiLFkkfirks orZrsA rsu dYilw=kL; fookgizdj.ks leqfYyf[kra ^^/zqo bo
fLFkjk Hko** bfr okD;e~ vkfJR; LokuqlU/kuS% T;ksfr£oKkuk/kjs.k ^^/zqo** u{k=kL; p
x.ku;k lkf/re~ vklhr~ ;n~ osnkuka jpukdky% 4500 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 2500 bZ'koh;iwoZe~
;kor~ Lohdrq± 'kD;rsA
eSdMkuyegksn;L; ere~µ JhvkFkZj ,.Vuh eSDMkWuy egksn;% Lodh;s
^^fgLVªh vkWiQ laLÑr fyVjspj** ukekfHk/s;s xzUFks Lohdjksfr ;n~ osnkuka jpuk;k%
izkjfEHkddkyfu.kZ;kFk± lk{;Rosu 200 o"kZrks¿fi izkphukfu fofo/kfu ikBkUrjkf.k fo|UrsA
ikBk bes vU;s"kq osns"kq lfEefyrk% lfUr] ;s ½Xosnkn~ mn~/`rsH;% lwÙksQH;% eU=ksH;%
ifƒH;'p fu£erk% lfUrA rs"kka ikBkuka dkfydfoospusu eSDMkWuyegksn;% lw=kdkya
500 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 200 bZ'koh;o"kZiwo± ;kor~ LohdjksfrA ,oa eSDMkWuyegksn;L;
erkuqlkja osnkuka jpukdky% 1000 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 600 bZ'koh;iwo± ;kor~ Lohdrq±
'kD;rsA
13

osnifjp;% 1-6-3 HkwxHkZfo"k;da ere~
½XosnknoxE;rs ;n~ vk;kZ.kka fuoklLFkkua lIrflU/qizns'k vklhr~A rfLeu~
le;s lIrflU/qizns'ka ifjr'pRokj% leqæk vklu~A ½XosnL; eU=ks"kq prq.kk± leqæk.kkeqYys[k
miyH;rsA vr% Li"Vr;k fln~è;fr ;r~ izkphudkys vk;kZ.kka fuoklizns'ka ifjr%
leqæk.kke~ vfLrRoeklhr~A ,rs"kq ikSjLR;% leqæks orZekus mÙkjizns'ks fcgkjizns'ks pk¿¿lhr~A
nkf{k.kkR;% leqæks ^^jktiwrkuk** (jktLFkku) bR;k[;L; izkUrL; e#HkwekS vklhr~A HkwxHkZfonke~
b;a ekU;rk¿fLr ;n~ ,f'k;kr% mÙkjL;ka fnf'k ^^cY[k** ukek leqæ vklhr~] rFkk iQkjlr
mÙkjL;kesdks foLr`rlkxj vklhr~] ;% ^^,f'k;kbZ Hkweè;lkxj** ukEuk vfHk/h;rsA lkxjks¿;e~
mÙkjL;ka ^^vkdZfVd** ukEuk egklkxjs.k lg la;qÙkQ vklhr~A orZekuk% Ñ".klkxj&
dS f Li;ulkxj&vjylkxj& ckydu>hyiz H k` r ;% lkxjk% vL;S o Hkw e è;lkxjL;
vof'k"VHkkxRosu LohfØ;UrsA rfLeu~ dkys orZekuL; xÄõkizns'kL;] fgeky;iknHkwes%]
vleizns'kL; foLr`rioZrh;izns'kL; p LFkkus leqæ ,ok¿¿lhr~A dkykUrja ^^xÄõk** unh
lkekU;unh:is.k fgeky;L; ^^xÄõksÙkjh** LFkkurks fu%l`R; izogekuk lrh ikSjLR;leqæa
lÄõPNrs LeA vr ,o ½XosnL; lqizfl¼s unhlwÙksQ xÄõk;k vfrlaf{kIra o.kZue~
miyH;rsA rfLeu~ dkys ik×pky (i×tkc) izns'kL; nf{k.kL;ka iwoZL;ka p fnf'k leqæ
vklhr~A vLeknso dkj.kkn~ nf{k.kHkkjre~ ,da i`Fkx~ Hkw[k.Mfeo voyksD;rs LeA
ik×pky (i×tkc) izns'ks rfLeu~ le;s 'kSR;L; izkcY;e~ vklhr~_ vr ,o ½Xosns
^ô"kZ** 'kCnL; Ñrs ^^fge** 'kCn% iz;qÙkQks¿fLrA HkwrÙofonke~ b;a ekU;rk¿fLr ;n~ Hkwes%
tyL; pSrs fofHkÂk% Hkkxk% ik×pky (i×tkc) izns'ks IyhLVksu;qxL;] izkd~IyhLVksu;qxL;
ok orZUrsA ;qxL;k¿L; le;% 50]000 bZ'koh;iwoZr%& 2500 bZ'koh;iwoZfefr
fu/kZ;ZrsA fonq"kka ekU;rk¿fLr ;n~ ,rn~;qxkuUrja ^^jktiwrkuk** izkUrs leqæk.kka Hkw[k.M:is.k
ifjorZua tkre~] vFk p fgeky;L; unhfHk% vkuhrkfHk% xÄõkizns'kL; leryHkwes£uekZ.ka
tkre~] ik×pky (i×tkc) izns'kL; okrkoj.ks pks".kRoekxre~A ik×pkyL; fudVLFk
(jktiwrkuk) izkUrs leqæk.kka fgelafgrkuka (Xysf'k;j) p lekfIrdkj.kkn~ o`"VsjHkkodkj.kkPp
ljLorhu|k% izokg% lw{e:ia /kj;u~ jktiwrkukizkUrL; e#HkwekS foyhuks tkr%A ,rkfu
HkkSxksfydkfu HkwxHkZfo"k;dkf.k p rF;kfu vk/kjhÑR; ½XosnL; jpuk;k% oSfnd;qxhuk;k%
lH;rk;k'pk¿¿foHkkZodky% 2500 bZ'koh;o"ksZH;% iwoZfefr fu'ph;rs dSf'pn~ fo}fHk%A
1-6-4 f'kykys[kk/kfjra ere~

lu~ 1907 res bZ'koh;s ^îwohZ ,ukrksfy;k** (VdhZ) ns'kL; ^^vksxktdksb*Z *
bR;fHk/s;s xzkes fgfÙklkezkT;L; jkt/kU;k vo'ks"keokIrqe~ mR[kuudkys Jháwxks foÄïyjegksn;%
,da f'kykys[ke~ vokIroku~ rfLeu~] bZ'koh;iwop Z rqn'Z krdkjEHks l×tkrk;k% fgfÙkferkfutkR;ks%
lU/s#Yys[k% jktdh;'kkluiêð:is.kksiyH;rsA lfU/ys[ks 'kiFkxzg.ka dqokZ.kS% mHk;tkfrize[q kS%
jktfHk% izkphuL; csfcyksfu;kns'kL; fgfÙktkrs'p nsorkfHk% lg feJ (feFkz)&o#.k&bUæ&
uklR;kS (vf'oukS) bR;srs"kka nsorkukeI;kokgua fofgre~A f'kykys[ks¿fLeu~ ferkuhtkrs%
nsok% oSfndk nsok ,oA lEizfr iz'uks¿;a leqifr"Brs ;n~ ,f'k;kekbu bR;L; ferkuhtkrs'p
nsorkdksVkS ,rs oSfndk% dFke~ vkxrk%\ vr bna fln~è;fr ;n~ bZ'koh;iwoZprqnZ'k'krdkr~
iwo± oSfndkukek;kZ.kke~ ,f'k;kekbZuj&yksdSLlg dks¿fi lEcU/ks fuf'pr:is.k vklhr~]
;su oSfndkuka nsokuka ferkfutkrsnoZs rk:is.k iw.k± izfr"Bkiua tkre~ vklhr~A vr% bneI;uqeh;rs
;r~ dkyknLekr~ i;kZIra iwoZeso vk;kZ.kka oSfnd/eZL; oSfndnsorkuka p iw.k± izfr"Bkiua
tkreklhr~A bnefi lEHkkO;rs ;n~ vk;kZ.kka dkfpr~ 'kk[kk vk;kZorkZn~ xRok if'peL;ke~
14 ,f'k;k;ke~ mf"krk Hkosr]~ r=k p rFkk Lo/eZL; LonsooknL; izpkjks fofgrks Hkosr~A bnefi
lEHkkO;rs ;n~ oSfndnsoku~ iwT;Rosu ekU;Rosu pkÄõhdqokZ.kk ferkuh tkfrjfi vk;Ztkrsjso oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%
dL;kf'pr~ 'kk[kk;k vÄõa Hkosr~A bnefi lEHkkO;rs ;n~ mi;qZÙkQf'kykys[kLFkkiukdkya
;kon~ Hkkjrh;kukek;kZ.kke~ bZjkuns'kh;kuke~ vk;kZ.kk×p iwoZtkuka ijLija foPNsnks u Hkosr~A
vrks osnkuka dky% bZ'koh;iwoZprqnZ'k'krdkr~ izkphure% Lohdrq± 'kD;rsA rF;kU;srkfu
vk/kjhÑR; ik'pkR;k% fo}kal% lEizfr osnkukekfoHkkZodkya 2500 bZ'koh;iwoZr%&2000
bZ'koh;iwo± LohdqoZfUrA
osnkuka dkyfu.kZ;s dSf'pn~ fo}f‰% flU/q?kkVh ^êksgutksnMks gjIik**
bR;k[;ka fodflrka lH;rkekfJR; oSfndha lH;rka xzkeh.kka eU;ekuS%] oSfndh lH;rk
^^flU/q ?kkVh** R;k[;iw.kZfodflrukxfjd&lH;rkis{k;k vfrizkphuk LohfØ;rsA rnuqlkjs.k
osnkuka dky% 3000 bZ-iwo± fu/kZfjrks HkofrA
cks/iz'u%
8- osnkukeikS#"ks;rk dFka flè;fr \
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9- ½"k;% osneU=kk.kka æ"Vkj% drkZjks ok \

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10- osndkyfu/kZj.ks yksdekU;frydL; ereqiLFkkI;rke~ \

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11- eSDlewyjL; osndkyfo"k;da era leh{;rke~A

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1-7 oSfndokÄ~e;L; foHkkxks O;kfIr'p

oSfndokÄ~e;L; O;kidrk ,o rL; foHkkxijrka izLrko;frA czã.kks eq[kknkfoHkwrZ L;
osnL; foLrkj% lEiw.kkZ;kefi l`"VkS foyksD;rsA osnkukesoaHkwrk lexzrk foHkkxdYiuka fouk
lE;xoxUrqa u 'kD;rsA izkjEHks osnks¿[k.M% lkSd;kZ; [k.M'k% LohfØ;rsA czã.k'prqH;Z%
eq[ksH;'prq.kk± osnkukekfoHkkZoa foHkkO; osnO;kl% ½X;tq%lkekFkoZ:is.k osna prq/k± foHkDroku~A
osnO;klks }kijkUrs Hkorhfr lR;;qxknkS osnkukesdRoeso flè;frA ^^,da lf}izk cgq/k
onUrh** fr okD;a u dsoya czãfo"k;s¿firq osnfo"k;s¿fi cks¼O;e~] ;rks fg czã'kCnL;kFkksZ
^ôsn** bR;fi HkofrA 15

osnifjp;% 1-7-1 oSfndokÄ~e;L; foHkktdrÙokfu
ekuoh;a thoua LofLeu~ foHkDra ln~ osnkuka foHkktus dkj.krka ;kfrA
ôsnks¿f[kyks /eZewy* fefr Jw;rsA /ekZuq:ik'p cgqfo/k% ekuoh;k% izo`Ùk;% oSfndha
izo`fÙkefi oSfoè;su O;oLFkki;fUrA ekuothous o.kkZJeO;oLFkkekdyÕ; osnkuka pkrq£oè;a
ifjdfYira L;kfnfr laHkkO;rsA deZdk.Ma Kkudk.Ma psfr osnL; f}/k foHkkx% ekuoh;ka
izo`fÙkijka fuo`fÙkijka p i¼¯r leFkZ;rsA izkf.kuka x|&i|&xku&ijka f=kfo/ka izo`¯Ùk
/kjf;rqa =k;h:is.k oSfndh izfr"Bk Jw;rsA oSfndokÄ~e;s miosnkuka osnkÄõkuka p ;k
O;oLFkk Ñrk] lkfi 'kkL=kh;ka lexzrka ladyf;rqeos ] fofo/ka /eZijka ekuoh;ka i¼¯r
osnekxkZujq ks/us izorZf;rqeso p izrh;rsA ijekFkZrks HksnjfgrL;kfi osnL; izfØ;kuqjks/su
foHkkxk% fØ;UrsA rnuqlkjs.k osnkuka f}/k] f=k/k] prq/kZ] cgq/k p foHkkxk% Jw;UrsA
osnkuka HksnckgqY;a ;Fkkµ
osnesda prqHksZna ÑRok 'kk[kk'krS£oHkq%A
djksfr cgqya Hkw;ks osnO;klLo:i/`d~AA23
1-7-2 f}/k foHkkx%

^êU=kczkã.k;ksonZs uke/s;** fefr opusu osnk eU=kLo:ik% czkã.kLo:ik'psfr
f}/k orZUrsA oSfndokÄ~e;s eU=kk% lafgrklq lÄïfyrk% lfUrA czkã.klkfgR;s rs"kkeso
eU=kk.kka ;Kkfn"kq fofu;ksxfof/% O;k[;krks orZrsA v=kSo czkã.klkfgR;s vkj.;dk.kkeqifu"knka
p lekos'kks Hkorhfr f}/kfoHkkxdÙkkZj% dFk;fUrA ;Fkk czkã.ks eU=kk.kka fofu;ksxks ;Ks"kq
O;k[;k;rs] rFkSo vkj.;ds izk.kfo|k;keqifu"kfn czãfo|k;k×p eU=kk.kka fofu;ksxijk
O;k[;k foyksD;rsA rLekn~ osnL; f}/kRoeso ekSfyda izrh;rsA
osnk% deZdk.MKkudk.M:is.kkfi f}/k foHkT;UrsA deZdk.Ma izo`fÙkija
Kkudk.Ma p fuo`fÙkija HkofrA lafgrkxrs"kq eU=kikBs"kq izkjC/k izo`fÙkijrk czkã.ks"kq ?kuhHkwrk
HkofrA ,oeso vkj.;ds"kq izkjC/k fuo`fÙkijrk mifu"kRlq ?kuhHkwrk HkofrA rLeknusukfi
izdkjs.k osnkuka f}/kRoa ;qT;rsA
1-7-3 f=k/k foHkkx%

^=k;h* 'kCnks osnL; i;kZ;r;k LohfØ;rsA rsu osnkuka =k;ks foHkkxk%
fØ;Urs] ;rL=k;k.kka osnkuka lekgkj ,o =k;h'kCnsuksP;rsA v=k osnk% osneU=kokpdk%
lfUrA oSfndk eU=kkfL=kfo/k% HkofUrµ i|ijk%] x|ijk%] xkuijk'psfrA rsu r=k =kSfoè;s
½X;tq%lkEuka xzg.ka izk/kU;su HkofrA vFkoZosn'pkfi r=kSokUrHkZofrA osnkuka f=k/k foHkkxs
czãfo".kqegs'ojk%] l`f"VfLFkfrizy;k%] izkr%eè;kÉlUè;k%] lÙojtLrekafl psfr l`f"Vxra
cgqfo/a =kSfoè;a ;Fkk;Fka O;oLFkkfira HkofrA
1-7-4 prq/kZ foHkkx%

osnk'prq/kZ foHkT;Urs& ½Xosn% ;tqosZn% lkeosn% vFkoZosn'psfrA bes
pRokjks osnk% iqu'prq/kZ foHkT;UrsA rnuqlkjs.k izR;sdL;kfi osnL; i`Fkd~&i`Fkd~ lafgrkHkkx%]
czkã.kHkkx%] vkj.;dHkkx%] mifu"k‰kx'psfr iqu'prq/kZ foHkkxks HkofrA rnsoa prq'prqHkkZxr;k
osn% "kksM'kkj% laHkofrA
16 osnkuka prq/kZ foHkkx% lokZf/da leF;ZrsA Jw;rs ;n~ czã.k'prqH;Z%
eq[ksH;'pRokjks osnk% izknqjHkwou~A l`f‘xrkfu cgqfo/kfu prq‘;kfu osnprq‘;su O;oLFkkfirkfu oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%
HkofUrA czã.k'prqeqZ[kRoe~] fo".kks'prqHkqZtRoe~] ;qxkuka prq;qZxRoe~] fn'kkuka prq£n'kkRoe~]
iq#"kkFkkZuka o.kkZukekJek.kk×p pkrq£oè;a oSfndsu prq£o/Rosu laHkkouh;e~A
1-7-5 cgq/k foHkkx%

iwoksDZ rkuka prq.kk± osnkuka lkja lax`á ;nykSfddO;fDrRolEiÂsu egkiq#"ks.k
oSfndeso okÄ~e;a ykSfddokÄ~e;sukorkj;rk yksdksÙkjeso fdefi 'kkL=ka lkfgR;a ok
fojP;rs] rnfi yksds osn bo lekfæ;rsA rkn`'ksu ykSfddsukfi 'kkL=ks.k lkfgR;su ok
yksdksÙkjL; osnkFkZL;Sokoxe% izdkjkUrjs.k fo/h;rsA rLeknso prq.kk± osnkuka pRokj%
miosnk% dF;UrsA rLeknso "kM~fo/kfu osnkÄõkfu pkfHk/h;UrsA bfrgkliqjk.kknhfu
jkek;.kegkHkkjrknhfu p xzUFkjRukfu rFkkHkwrkU;so osnekxkZuqjks/su iz.khrkfu lfUrA rFkkHkwrs"kq
yksdkfr'kkf;xzUFks"kq osnks fofo/fo|k:is.k foHkT;rsA osn'kCnkfHk/kuefi r=k HkofrA
O;klks egkHkkjra osn'kCnsukfHkn/kfr ukVÔ'kkL=k×p ^^lkoZo£.kd% i×peks osn** bR;qP;rsA
'kk[kklw=kkH;kefi osnks cgq/k foHkT;rsA iqjk.ks"kq ½Xosn% ,d¯o'kfr&
'kk[kkRed%] ;tqonZs % 'kr'kk[kkRed%] lkeosn% lglz'kk[kkRed%] vFkoZons 'p uo'kk[kkRed%
dF;rsA ,oeso dYiukeds osnkÄõs prq£o/kfu lw=kkf.k HkofUr& JkSrlw=kkf.k] x`álw=kkf.k]
/eZl=w kkf.k] 'kqYolw=kkf.k pA prq£o/kukesr"s kka lw=kk.kkeokUrjHksnk vfi cgqfo/k% lfUrA
,oeso v"Vkn'kfo|kLFkkukfu osnfo|kfoHkkxijkf.k lfUrµ
vÄõkfu osnk'pRokjks ehekalk U;k;foLrj%A
/eZ'kkL=ka iqjk.k×p fo|k ásrk'prqnZ'kAA
vk;qosZnks /uqosZnks xkU/oZ'psfr rs =k;%A
vFkZ'kkL=ka prqFkZ×p fo|k á"Vkn'kSo rk%AA
cks/iz'u%
12- foHkDrks osn% "kksM'kkj% dsu izdkjs.k laHkofr \
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13- v"Vkn'k fo|kLFkkukfu dkfu lfUr \

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1-8 lkjka'k%
oSfndha i`"BHkw¯e ifjpsrqa loZizFkea osnkuka egÙoa KkrO;a HkofrA vykSfddsu
futsu lkeF;sZu osnk% yksda ifjiq".kfUrA vr ,o osnj{kk;S fofo/ksik;k% iwoZtS£ofgrkA
osneU=kk.kkesdSd'kks¿fi o.kkZ% ek=kk% Lojkn;'p loZrksHkkosu ;Fkkor~ laj{k.kh;k% lfUrA
osn'kCnkFkZokpdk% i;kZ;Hkwrk% 'kCnk osnL; vkuUR;a izdV;fUrA osnk% fuR;k% vikS#"ks;k'p 17

osnifjp;% lfUrA ;s osnkuka fuR;RoeikS#"ks;Roa p ukÄõhdqoZfUr] rs osndr`ZRookfnuks osndkyfu/kZj.ks
iz;rUrsA r=k erSD;a ukfLrA rLekn~ osnkukeikS#"ks;Roi{k% ,o ojh;ku~ izfrHkkfrA
oSfndokÄ~e;L; O;kfIr% lkoZdkfydh lkoZHkkSfedh pkfLrA oSfndlkfgR;L; f}/k] f=k/k]
prq/kZ] cgq/k p foHkkx% laHkofrA v"Vkn'kfo|kLFkkukfu oSfndokÄe;L; foLrkjHkw¯e
izdk'k;fUrA
1-9 'kCnkoyh
1- lukrue~ µ lkoZdkfyde~ vykSfdda okA
2- lafgrk µ eU=kk.kka lewg%A
3- vikS#"ks;e~ µ dssukfi iq#"ks.k (ekuosu) u jfpre~A
4- osndr`ZRookfnu% µ ^ôsnk% iq#"kfo'ks"kk.kka Ñr;%** bfr okfnu%A
5- LFkk.kq% µ oSf'k"VÔjfgr% (y{k.k;k xnZHk%)
6- osnkÄõkfu µ f'k{kk&dYi&O;kdj.k&fu#Dr&NUn%&T;ksfr%&
'kkL=kkf.kA
7- ½"k;% µ lk{kkRÑr/ekZ.kks eU=kæ"Vkj%A
8- Kkufo/wrikIek µ Kkusu fo/wra¾foxfyra] ikIe¾ikia ;L; l%A
9- osnO;kl% µ osnkuka foHkktd% Ñ".k}Sik;uks eqfu%A
10- =k;h µ Lo:i=k;s.k x|i|xku#is.k foHkDrks osn%A
11- lkoZo£.kd% µ losZ"kka o.kkZuka¾tkrhuka Ñrs ;%A
1-10 lUnHkZxzUFk%
1- egkHkkjre~ 'kkfUrioZ 24-55A
2- euqLe`fr% 11-97A
3- euqLe`fr% 1-21A
4- euqLe`fr% 2-168A
5- euqLe`fr% 2-11A
6- euqLe`fr% 2-6A
7- euqLe`fr% 2-7A
8- euqLe`fr% 2-13A
9- euqLe`fr% 12-94A
10- æ- ôSfnd lkfgR; dk bfrgkl* ys- xtkuu 'kkL=kh eqlyxkaodj]
i`-&18A
18 11- ikf.kuh;f'k{kk&52A
12- ½XosnHkk";Hkwfedk] lEik- ;qf/f"Bjehekald%] i`-&22A oSfndh i`"BHkwfe%
13- rSfÙkjh;Hkk";Hkwfedk;ka lk;.ksuksn~/`re~A

14- fu#Dre~ 1-18A
15- 'kriFkczk- 14-5-4-10 ,oa c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~ 4-5-10A
16- ;tqosZnlafgrk 5-15A
17- 'kriFkczk- 2-1-2A
18- æ- ckyÑ".knhf{krL; ^Hkkjrh;T;ksfr%'kkL=ke~* i`-&136-140A
19&20- Sec 'Orion' by lokmanya Tilak, P.P. 206-207A
21&22-^½Xosfnd bafM;k* i`-&230&267A
23- fo".kqiqjk.ke~ 3-2-56A
1-11 lgk;dxzUFk%
1- oSfnd lkfgR; dk bfrgkl µ ys- xtkuu 'kkL=kh eqly&
xka o dj (dk'kh la L Ñr
xzUFkekyk&275)
2- oSfnd lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr µ ys- cynso mikè;k; ('kkjnk
efUnj] okjk.klh)
3- oSfnd okÄ~e; dk c`gn~ bfrgkl µ lEik- cz t fogkjh pkS c s
(mÙkjizn's k laLÑr laLFkku)
4- oSfnd lkfgR; ,oa laLÑfr µ ys - dfiyns o f}os n h
(fo'ofo|ky; izdk'ku]
okjk.klh)
1- okd~ ,o lEiw.kkZ l`f"V#P;rsA laLÑrk okd~ f}/k izksDrk oSfndh
ykSfddh psfrA r=k lexzL; ykSfddokfXorkuL; ewya oSfndh okxso
HkofrA rsu osnL; loZl`f"Vewydrk lEi|rsA
2- ;% czkã.k% osnkè;;ua u djksfr] l% 'kwærkesfrA
3- ukfLrdks osnfuUnd%A
4- tVk ekyk f'k[kk js[kk èotks n.Mks jFkks ?ku%A
v"VkS foÑr;% izksDrk% ØeiwokZ eg"kZ;%AA
5- b"VizkIR;fu"Vifjgkj;ksjykSfddeqik;a ;ks osn;fr] l osn%A
6- Jqfr%] =k;h] NUn%] Lokè;k;%] vkEuk;%] vkxe%] fuxe'psfrA
19
7- LFkk.kqj;a Hkkjgkj% fdykHkwn/hR; osna u fotkukfr ;ks¿FkZe~A
osnifjp;% ;ks¿FkZK bRldyHkæe'uqrs ukdesfr Kkufo/wrikIekAA
8- osnk% iq#"kÑrk% u lfUrA ½"k;ks osneU=kk.kka æ"Vkj% lfUr] u rq dÙkkZj%A
osnk% lukruk%] vuk|uUrk%] ijes'ojknkfoHkwZrk%] czã.kks fu'oklHkwrk'p
lfUrA rsu osnkukeikS#"ks;rk flè;frA
9- æ"Vkj%A
10- yksdekU;frydegksn;ks ½rqlp
w dkfu u{k=kfuns'Z kdkfu p dkyx.kukijkf.k
lk{;kf.k lef/ÑR; oSfnddkya prq"kqZ Hkkxs"kq foHkDroku~µ
d- vfnfrdky% µ 6000 bZ-iwoZr% 4000 bZ-iwoZe~
[k- e`xf'kjdky% µ 4000 bZ-iwoZr% 2500 bZ-iwoZe~
x- ÑfÙkdkdky% µ 2500 bZ-iwoZr% 1400 bZ-iwoZe~
?k- vfUre% dky% µ 1400 bZ-iwoZr% 500 bZ-iwoZe~
izFkes dky[k.Ms fodh.kkZuka lwDrkuka jpuk¿uqeh;rsA f}rh;s dky[k.Ms
osnL; izeq[kkf.k lwDrkfu fojfprkfuA r`rh;s dky[k.Ms vof'k"Vkfu
lwDrkfu czkã.kkfu osnkÄõkfu p izknqHkwZrkfuA prqFksZ dky[k.Ms lw=klkfgR;a
n'kZulkfgR;a p fofu£ere~A
11- eSDlewyj% oSfndokÄ~e;L; jpukdkya cq¼dkyek/kjhÑR; prq/kZ
foHktfrµ
d- lw=kdky% µ 200 r% 600 bZ-iw-
[k- czkã.kdky% µ 600 r% 800 bZ-iw-
x- eU=kdky% µ 800 r% 1000 bZ-iw-
?k- NUn%dky% µ 1000 r% 1200 bZ-iw-
eSDlewyjL; osndkyfo"k;da erfena Hkk"kk'kkL=kkuqlkfj lnfi izkekf.kda
ukfLrA l% Lodh;a era Lo;eso vuqekukfJra czqok.k% osndkyfu/kZj.ka
dfBurja dFk;frA
12- ½X;tq%lkekFkoZHksnkr~ prq/kZ foHkDrks¿fi l osn% lafgrk&czkã.k&vkj.;d&
mifu"kn~&Hksnsu iqu'prq/kZ foHkT;rsA rnsoa prq'prqHkkZxr;k osn% "kksM'kkj%
laHkofrA
13- pRokjks osnk%] pRokj'pksiosnk%] "kV~ osnkÄõkfu] pRokfj mikÄõkfu psfr
loZekgR; v"Vkn'k fo|kLFkkukfu dF;UrsA r|Fkkµ 1- ½Xosn%]
2- ;tqosZn%] 3- lkeosn%] 4- vFkoZosn%] 5- vk;qosZn%] 6- /uqosZn%]
7- xkU/oZosn%] 8- vFkZ'kkL=ke~] 9- f'k{kk] 10- dYi%] 11- O;kdj.ke~]
12- fu#Dre~] 13- NUn%] 14- T;ksfr"ke~] 15- ehekalk] 16- U;k;%]
17- /eZ'kkL=ke~] 18- iqjk.ke~A
1-13 vH;kliz'uk%
1- osnkuka egÙoa izfrik|rke~A
20
2- osnj{kk;k mik;k% izn'kZuh;k%A ÍXosnlafgrk%
3- osn'kCnL; O;qRifÙk% dhn`'kh \

4- oSfndokÄ~e;L; foHkkxk% izn'kZuh;k%A
5- osnfoHkktdrÙokfu dhn`'kkfu lfUr \
6- osndkyfu/kZj.ka ;qT;rs u ok\ l;qfDrda izfrik|ke~A
7- oSfndlkfgR;L; izLrkouka fy[krqA
8- osndkyfo"k;s f'kykys[kk/kfjra era izLrw;rke~A
w
21

osnifjp;% f}rh;% ikB% (ÍXosnlafgrk%)
ikBlajpuk
2-1 izLrkouk
2-2 mís';e~
2-3 ÍXosnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%
2-3-1 ÍXosnL; eU=kla[;kfopkj%
2-3-2 ÍXosns izkfFkZrk% nsok%
2-3-3 ÍXosnL; Í"k;%
cks/iz'u%
2-4 ÍXosnL; izeq[kkf.k lwÙkQkfu
cks/iz'u%
2-5 ÍXosnL; Hkk";dkjk%
2-6 lkjka'k%
2-7 'kCnkoyh
2-8 lUnHkZxzUFk%
2-9 lgk;dxzUFk%
2-11 vH;kliz'uk%
2-1 çLrkouk
v=k oSfndokÄ~e;L;sfrgkls osnifjp;L; f}rh;s ikBs Hkorka Lokxre~A çFkes
ikBs osnL; lkekU;% ifjp;ks Hkof‰% çkIr%A prq"kZq osns"kq ÍXosn% çFker;k x.;rsA
ÍXosns¿fi lafgrkczkã.kkj.;dksifu"kR"kq lafgrkHkkx% çFke%A v=k f}rh;s ikBs Hkoku~
ÍXosnlafgrk;k% ,sfrgkflda fooj.ka ifB";frA r=kkfi vfLeu~ ikBs Hkoku~ KkL;fr ;r~µ
Ø ^Ío~Q* bfr inL; d% vFkZ%\
Ø ^lafgrk* inL; d% vFkZ%\
Ø fo'oL; vk|% xzUFk% d%\
Ø dfr O;klf'k";k% vklu~\
Ø O;klf'k";s"kq ÍXosnL;kè;srk d%\
Ø gksrq% ÍXosnsu d% lEcUèk%\
Ø lafgrklq ÍXosnL; ¯d LFkkue~\
la{ksis.k oDrqa 'kD;rs ;n~ vfLeu~ ikBs Hkoku~ ÍXosnlafgrk;k% ,sfrgkflda o.kZua
r=kksifn"Vkuka fo"k;k.kk×p vè;;ua dfj";frA ;=k oSfndÍ"kh.kka eU=kksins'kç;kstuL;]
oSfndnsorklEcfUèklwDrL;] nsorkuka LrqfrçdkjL;] nsorkuka lkeF;ZL;] ;Ks"kq LrqR;k
vHkh"ViQyçkfIrfo"k;L; p ppkZ orZrsA
2-2 mís';e~
22 vL; ikBL; vè;;usu Hkoku~µ
Ø ôsn* 'kCnL; d% vFkZ% bfr Kkrqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA ÍXosnlafgrk%
Ø osnk% dfrfoèkk%] r=k osQ osQ fo"k;k o£.krk bfr oDrqa 'k{;frA
Ø osnkè;;uL; ç;kstua çfrikfnf;rqa 'k{;frA
Ø ÍXosnL; o.;Zfo"k;L; o.kZua drq± çHkfo";frA
Ø ÍXoSfnd&dfri;&lwDrkuka O;k[;kua drq± n{kks Hkfo";frA
Ø lafgrklq ÍXosnlafgrk;k% ¯d LFkkue~ bfr KkL;frA
Ø ÍXosnlafgrk;k% egÙoa çfriknf;rqa 'k{;frA
Ø ÍXosnkè;;usu dks ykHk% bfr fu:if;rqa 'k{;frA
Ø ÍXosnL; 'kk[kkHksn% o.kZf;rqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA
2-3 ÍXosnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%

osn'kCn% KkukFkZdkr~ ^fon~* èkkrks% fu"iÂks HkofrA osnks¿;a fo'oL;k|ks xzUFk%
Hkkjrh;èkeZL; deuh;dYiæqe'p vfLrA osnk% Íx~&;tq%&lke&vFkoZHksnsu prq£oèkk%
lfUrA prq"kqZ osns"kq ÍXosnL; egÙoa lokZfr'kkf; vfLrA ÍXosn% èkkfeZdLrks=kk.kke~ ,d%
egku~ fufèkjfLrA ^Íd~* bfr inL; vFkksZ Hkofr Lrqfr%A Íp~ LrqrkS èkkrks% fDoi~ çR;;s
Ñrs lfr ^Ípk* 'kCn% fu"iÂks HkofrA ÍXosnL; eU=kk% Ípk bR;qP;UrsA ^^ÍP;rs
Lrw;rs ;;k lk Íd~** bR;u;k ifjHkk"k;k LrqR;FksZ Íd~ inL; cksèkks HkofrA rkn`'khuke~
Ípka lewg ,o ÍXosn%A ÍXosns cgqfHk% Íf"kfHk% lqyfyrS% HkkoHkO;S% 'kCnS% fofHkÂk%
nsork% lknja Lrqrk% lfUrA l ÍXosn% e.MykuqokdoxZHksnsu v"Vdkè;k;lwDrHksnsu p
f}èkk foHkDr%A ckyf[kY;lwDrkfu fogk; lEiw.kkZ;ka ÍXosnlafgrk;ka n'ke.Mykfu (10)
i×pk'khfr% pkuqokdk% (85) "kMfèkdlgÏ};ferk'p oxkZ% (2006) lfUrA v"VdØes.k
pk"VkS v"Vdkfu (8) prq%"kf"Vjè;k;k% (64)] lIrn'kksÙkjlgÏkf.k p lwDrkfu (1017)
lfUrA çR;"Vde~ v"Vkè;k;k% lfUr] çR;sda vè;k;L; vokUrjfoHkkxkuka laKk oxZ bfr
vfLrA oxZ% Ípka leqnk;L; laKk¿fLr] fdUrq oxsZ"kq Ípka la[;k vfuf'prk ,o vfLrA
e.Mykuqlkjs.k lwDrkuka O;oLFkk fuEuçdkjs.k vfLrµ (191)$(43)$ (62)$(58)$
(87)$(75)$(104)$(92)$(114)$(191)¾1017 vkgR; lIrn'kksÙkjSdlgÏkf.k
lwDrkfu lfUrA ,rs"kka lwDrkuke~ vfrfjDrkfu ,dkn'klwDrkfu ckyf[kY;ukEuk çfl¼kfu
lfUrA f[ky 'kCnL;kFkksZ Hkofr îfjf'k"Ve~* vFkok i'pkr~ lÄïfyreU=kk bfrA
;su ;K;kxkuke~ vuq"Bkua fu"iÂa Hkofr] nsorkuka p Lrqfrfoèkkua ;=k mfYyf[krefLr]
l êU=k* bfr (euukr~ eU=k%) çksP;rsA eU=kk.kka lewg ,o ^lafgrk* bfr dF;rsA Jw;rs
;Riqjk egf"kZijk'kjlR;orhlwuquk Hkxork Ñ".k}Sik;usu ;Kkuq"Bkun`"VÔk vè;;ulkSd;kZ;
eU=klafgrkuka lÄïyua prq£oèkr;k Ñre~A rLekr~ lafgrk% lfUr prÏ%&Íd~lafgrk]
;tq%&lafgrk] lke&lafgrk] vFkoZlafgrk pA vr ,o osnk'pRokj% Le`rk%A osneU=kk.kka
cgq=k çl`rkuke~ ,d=khdj.ka uke lafgrhdj.kfefrA rPp Hkxork osnO;klsu iSy&oS'kEik;u&
tSfefu&lqeUrqH;% Lof'k";sH;% lE;xqins'kk; lekEukre~ rFkk p Øe'k% iSyk; ÍXosnL;]
oS'kEik;uk; ;tqosZnL;] tSfefuus lkeosnL;] lqeUros pkFkoZosnL;ksins'ka Ñre~A iwo±
23

osnifjp;% ;nqDra ;Kn`"VÔk osneU=kk.kka pRokjks foHkkxk lfUr bR;=k bne~ voèks;a ;r~ ;Ks"kq pRokjks
ÍfRotka x.kk HkofUrA losZ"kq x.ks"kq pRokj% pRokjks ÍfRotks HkofUrA r=k gksr`x.ks gksrk
çeq[k%] vèo;qZx.ks vèo;qZ%] mn~xkr`x.ks mn~xkrk] czãx.ks p czãk çeq[kks HkofrA gksrk
ÍXoSfndeU=kk.kka] vèo;qZ% ;tqosZneU=kk.kka] mn~xkrk lkeeU=kk.kka] czãk pkFkoZeU=kk.kka ikBa
djksfrA rLekr~ ÍXosnsu gksrq% vkuq"kfÄõdlEcUèkks orZrsA prq"kqZ osns"kq çFker;k ÍXosnL;
ppkZ vfLr rLekr~ ÍXosnL; vk|Roa fl¼Ôfr ,oA
2-3-1 ÍXosnL; eU=kla[;kfopkj%

e.MyØefoHkkxkuqlkja lEiw.kkZ;ke~ ÍXosnlafgrk;ka n'ke.Mykfu]
i×pk'khfr'pkuqokdk%] vuqokosQ"kq lwDrkfu lwDrs"kq eU=kk'p lfUrA dkR;k;usu Lodh;k;ka
^lokZuqØe.;ka* losZ"kke~ v"Vdkuka la[;k vrho ifjJes.k fuèkkZfjrkA eU=kk'p losZ
n'klgÏprq%'krlIr"kf"Vferk% (10467) bfr 'kkdy%A 'kkSudkuqØe.kh rq n'klgÏ&
i×p'krk'khfrferku~ (10580) eU=kku~ çkgA ukjk;.kHkV~Vsu nÙke`XosnL; fooj.ke~µ
v"Vdkfu&8] e.Mykfu&10] vè;k;k%&64] vuqokdk%&85] lwDrkfu&
1017] oxkZ%&2006] Íp%&10472 bfrA mifj fufnZ"Vk;ka la[;k;ka ckyf[kY;lwDrkuka
x.kuk ukfLr] ;fn rkU;fi 11 lwDrkfu] 80 Íp%] 18 oxkZ% vfi lÄïfyrkfu L;qLrnk
lwDrkuka la[;k&1028] oxkZ%&2024] Íp%&10552 Hkos;q%A
oLrqrLrq ÍXosns ÍÄ~eU=kk.kka x.kuk¿I;sdk fo"kek ,o leL;k orZrsA
vL;k% x.kuk;k% çkphuS% vokZphuS% p fo}f‰% lekèkkua Ñre~A çkphukuka x.kuk;ka
'kk[kkHksntU;a oS"kE;e~ vfLr] fd×p vokZphukuka x.kukoS"kE;a Hkzetfure~ ,o vfLrA r=k
dkj.ke~ bna vfLr ;r~ ÍXosns dk'pu Íp% rkn`';% lfUr] ;k vè;;udkys prq"ink]
ç;ksxdkys p f}ink ,o HkofUrA rn~ ;Fkk Íd~ lokZuqØe.;ke~µ^f}£}inkLRo`p%
lekeufUr* bR;qDre~A ,rkn`';% Íp% ûSfefÙkdf}ink%* dF;UrsA ÍXosns lIrn'kÍp%
^fuR;f}ink%* vfi lfUrA vL;k ,o fuR;&uSfefÙkdf}ink;k% okLrfodifjp;kHkkokr~
eSDlewyjknhuka vk¡Xyfonq"kka x.kuk HkzkUrk vHkor~A ykSxkf{kLe`rkS Ípka la[;k&10580
mDrkA ija loZlEerk ÍXosneU=kk.kka la[;k&10472 ,okfLrA ;k% [kyq bnkuha loSjZ ÄõhfØ;rsA
2-3-2 ÍXosns çkfFkZrk% nsok%

ÍXosns nsorkuka LFkkue~ vrho egÙoiw.kZe~ vfLrA ÍXosns fg nsork%
çk.k'kkfyRokr~ ^vlqj* bfr çksDrk%A ÍXosnh;nsorklq =k;ks nsok% LooSf'k"VÔsu furkUrçfl¼k%
lfUrA ;kLdkpk;Z% ,oa dFk;frµ ^^frÏ ,o nsork bfr uS#Drk%A vfXu% i`fFkohLFkku%]
ok;qoUZs æks ok vUrfj{kLFkku%] lw;ksZ |qLFkku% (fuñ&7@5) vFkkZr~ i`fFkohLFkkuh;nsorklq vfXunsork]
vUrfj{kLFkkuh;klq bUænsork] |qLFkkuh;klq lw;nZ os rk lfUr egh;L;%A ,rnfrfjDrk% lfork&iw"kk&
fe=k&fo".kq&#æ&e#r~&itZU;çHk`r;% nsork% laLrqrk% lfUrA
oLrqr% ÍXosnL; çfrlwDre~ ,dk i`Fkd~ nsork dfYirk vfLrA
,oeqDrçdkjs.k ÍXosns nsorkuka la[;k =k;fL=ka'kr~ (33) vfLrA vusosQ fo}kal% ,oa
dFk;fUr ;r~ fofHkÂk% çkÑfrdk% 'kDr;% ,o nsork:is.k Lrqrk% lfUrA Hkorq rs"kka
cqf¼foykl%] fdUrq Hkkjrh;fonq"kka n`f'k pSrU;ghuk tMk çÑfr% dnkfpnfi nsork:is.k
24 xzghrqa u 'kD;rsA rLekr~ çÑrs% 'kDrhukeqifj ç'kkludrZ¤.kka pSrU;nsorkuka iwtk ,o
vHkh"Va HkofrA ;kLderkuqlkja vL; txrks ewys ,dk ,o egÙo'kkfyuh 'kfDrfoZ|rsA lk ÍXosnlafgrk%
'kfDr% fujfr'k;S'o;Z'kkfyRosu bZ'ojinsu vfHkèkh;rsA rkeso ,dka nsorka cgq:is.k tuk%
LrqofUrµ
egkHkkX;kn~ nsork;k ,d ,o vkRek cgqèkk Lrw;rsA
,dL;kReuks¿U;s nsok% çR;Äõkfu HkofUrAA
(fuñ&7@4@8@9)
rnuq f=kyksD;k% çfryksde~ ,oSQdL; nsoL; vkfèkiR;a HkofrA i`fFkO;ke~
vXus%] vUrfj{ks bUæL; vFkok ok;ks%] ,oe~ vkdk'ks lw;ZL; vkfèkiR;efLrA ÍXosnL;
vèkksfyf[kreU=ks.k =k;fL=ka'kn~ nsork% fu:firk HkofUrµ
;s nsoklks fnfo ,dkn'kLFk i`fFkO;è;sdkn'kLFkA
vIlq f{krks efguSdkn'kLFk rs nsoklks ;Kfeea tq"kèoe~AA
(Íñ&1@199@11)
vusu eU=ks.k i`fFkO;kesdkn'krek nsork%] vUrfj{ks ,dkn'krek% rFkk p
vkdk'ks¿fi ,dkn'krek% nsork% lfUrA b;eso la[;k ÍXosnL; v"Vee.MykUrxZrL;
v"Vk¯o'kfrreL; lwDrL; çFkes eU=ks ^=k;fL=ka'kr~ nsok%* bR;qfYyf[krefLrA fdUrq ,rklka
nsorkuka ukEu% lÄïsr% ukfLrA rFkkfi 'kriFkJqrkS&^^v"Volo%] ,dkn'k#æk%] }kn'kkfnR;k%]
bUæ% rFkSo çtkifr%** bR;;a lÄïsrks yH;rsAA ('kñiñczkñ 11@6@3@5)
,srjs;czkã.ks b;a la[;k f}xqf.krk vHkor~A v=k =k;fL=ka'kr~ lkseik% rFkk
=k;fL=ka'kn~ vlkseik% nsork% lfUrA ÍXosnL; ,osQu fof'k"VksYys[ksu nsorkuka la[;k
3339 ,dksupRokfja'knqÙkj'kr=k;kfèkda lgÏ=k;e~ orZrAs vL;k mYys[k% 'kk…k;uJkSrlw=ks¿fi
feyfrA iQyrks nsorkuka la[;ka Hkw;lhfr ÍXosn% Lo;a fufnZ'kfrA
oSfndèkeZL; ,da oSf'k"VÔa è;krO;efLr ;r~ ;L;k% nsork;k% Lrqfr% eU=kS%
fØ;rs] rke~ ,o nsorka Lrqfrdkys lokZfèkdO;kfidka txr% loZLoHkwrka rFkk yksdksidkfj.kha
eU;rsA o#.kL; LrkoosQ"kq lwDrs"kq l ,o lokZlka nsorkuka eè;s egku~ rFkk lokZis{k;k
egÙo'kkyh vfLrA vU;s nsox.kk% rLeknso o#.kkr~ leqRiUuk HkofUrA rL;So 'kklus fLFkRok
Lo&Lofuf'prdk;ZL; fuoZg.ka oqQoZfUrA ,oesosUæL; Lrqfrdkys bUæ ,o loZJs"Bnsork:is.k
LohÑr%A vU;klka nsorkuke~ mRifÙk% bUæs.kSo HkofrA vU;klka nsorkuka fo"k;s¿fi bneso
rF;a feyfrA b;a fof'k"Vrk oSfndnsorkuka fo"k;s ,o iw.kZr;k leqiyCèkk HkofrA
2-3-3 ÍXosnL; Í"k;%

ÍXosnlafgrk;k% e.Mykuka foHkkx% Í"kh.kke~ vkèkkjs.kSo vfLr bfr eU;rsA
eg£"k.kk dkR;k;usu ÍXoSfndÍ"kh.kka foHkkx=k;a çLrqre~ (1) 'kr£pu%] (2) ekè;ek%]
(3) {kqælwDregklwDrk'pA r=k ;s"kka Í"kh.kka 'krkfèkdk% 'krku~ U;wuk'pkfi eU=kk% lfUr
rs Í"k;% Nf=kU;k;su 'kr£pu% dF;UrsA vk"kkZuqØe.;ka "kksM'k'kr£pu% Í"k;% mDrk%
lfUrA rs ;Fkkµ
^vFkkfXuehGs* bR;kfn çFkea e.Mya çfrA
'kr£puLrq foKs;k% Í"k;% eq[kfl¼;sAA2AA 25

osnifjp;% rs"kka iwoksZ eèkqPNUnk esèkkfrfFkjuUrj%A
'kqu%'ksiLr`rh;ks¿Fk fgj.;Lrwi mÙkj%AA3AA
d.oLrq i×pe% "k"B% çLd.o% lO; mÙkj%A
uksèkk ijk'kj'pkU;ks xksre% oqQRl mÙkj%AA4AA
dk';iLRoFk d{khoku~ i#PNsiLrnqÙkj%A
nh?kZrekLrrks¿xLR;% "kksM'kSrs 'kr£pu%AA5AA
mi;qZDrkuka 'kr£puka Í"kh.kka n`"Vk% Ípk% ÍXosnL; çFkes e.Mys
lÄïfyrk% lfUrA rLekr~ çFkee.MyL; vija uke ^'kr£p&e.Mye~* bR;fi Jw;rsA
,rfLeu~ fo"k;s dkR;k;uks¿fi lokZuqØe.;ke~ ^'kr£pu vk|s e.Mys* bR;qDroku~A
f}rh;e.MyknkjH; v"Vee.Mya ;kor~ ;s eU=kk% ;S% Íf"kfHkn`Z"Vk% rs êkè;ek%*
bR;qP;UrsA uoen'kee.My;ks'p osQ"kqfpr~ lwDrs"kq LoYik ,o eU=kk% osQ"kqfpr~ p lwDrs"kq
cgoks eU=kk% ifBrk% lfUr] rLekr~ vu;ks% e.My;ks% vR;YieU=kk.kka æ"Vkj% çHkwreU=kk.kk×p
æ"Vkjks Í"k;% ¶{kqælwDregklwDrk%¸ bR;usu ukEuk vk[;k;UrsA
vykSfddlkeF;Z'kkfyu% ijerÙoL; osÙkkjks Í"k;ks fnO;;k çfrHk;k
eU=kk.kka n'kZua ÑroUr%A ^Íf"k* bR;srL; inL; O;qRifÙkyH;% vFkksZ¿fLr & ¶Í"kfr
i';fr bfr Íf"k%¸ bfrA oLrqr% ikf.kuh;O;kdj.kkuqlkja ^Í"k~* èkkrks% bxqièkkr~ ^fdr~*
bR;usu vkS.kkfndlw=ks.k bfu Ñrs lfr ^Íf"k* 'kCnks fu"i|rsA fu#DrÑrk eg£"k.kk
;kLdkpk;sZ.k ,oe~ mDre~µ¶lk{kkRÑ¼ekZ.k Í"k;ks cHkwoq%A rs¿ojsH;ks¿lk{kkRÑrèkesZH;
mins'ksu eU=kku~ lEçknq%A mins'kk; Xyk;Urks¿ojs fcYexzg.kk; bea xzUFka lekEukfl"kq%]
osn×p osnkÄõkfu pA¸ (fu#Drs&) ;kLdegksn;L; dFkukuqlkja çkphuk Í"k;% Lodh;su
rikscysu èkeZL; lk{kkRdkja ÑroUr%A fd×p vokZphuk Í"k;% èkeZL; lk{kkí'kZua drq±
uk'kDuqou~A vijdkfydkuke~ Í"kh.kke~ bZn`'kha 'kfDrghurka n`"V~ok n;ko'ksu rS% eU=kk.kke~
mins'k% rsH;% xzUFkrks ok¿FkZr mHk;çdkjs.k nÙk%A çkphuk Í"k;% rq èkekZ.kka lk{kkí'kZua
ÑroUr%A vr% èkeZL; lk{kkí'kZudr`ZRosu rs"kke~ Íf"kRoa Lor% fl¼a vklhr~A fd×p
vokZphuk Í"k;Lrq xzUFk:is.k vFkZ:is.k p èkeksZins'kL; Jo.ka ÑroUr%] rRi'pkr~ rs
èkeZn'kZus Ñrdk;kZ vHkou~A vr% Jo.kkUrjn'kZu;ksX;rklEiknusu ,rs"kke~ Í"kh.kke~
mi;qDrkfHkèkk ^Jqr£"k* ,o vHkor~A ,rs Jqr"kZ; ,o yksdfgrk; osnkFkkZocksèkuL;
mi;ksfxu% f'k{kk&fu#Drknhuka osnkÄõkuka jpuka ÑroUr%A vkèkqfudk% ekuok% nq:grk;k%
nks"kkjksi.ka ÑRok osnkFkkZuka foLej.ka u oqQ;qZ%] osnewydkr~ vkpkjkr~ èkekZ}k foeq[kk% u
Hkos;q% bfr leqUur;k Hkkou;k çsfjrk HkwRok çkphuk Í"k;% osnkFkksZins'kk; lrra tkx#dk
vklu~A Í"kh.kka ekgkRE;a Hkxork euquk ,oa çfrikfnre~µ
Íf"kH;% firjks tkrk% fir`H;ks nsonkuok%A
nsosH;Lrq txRlo± pja LFkk.ouqiwoZ'k%AA
(euq-&3@201)
vFkkZr~ ;s"kq osneU=ks"kq bUæknhuka nsorkuka Lrqr;% lfUr] rs"kka eU=kk.kka
lk{kkí'kZudrkZjks Í"k;% çFketk% mDrk%A
,oeqDrçdkjs.k bna lqO;Dra ;r~ Í"kh.kka n`"VÔk ,o ÍXosns e.Mykfu
26 laxfBrkfu lfUrA r=k çFke&uoe&n'kee.Mys"kq vusosQ"kka Í"kh.kka n`"Vkfu lwDrkfu
O;oLFkkfirkfu lfUr] fdUrq f}rh;e.Mykr~ vkjH; v"Vee.Myi;ZUra çfre.Mya ,dSdL; ÍXosnlafgrk%
Í"ks% n`"Vk% eU=kk% O;ofLFkrk% lfUrA ;Fkkµ f}rh;e.MyL;x`Rlen%] r`rh;e.MyL;
fo'okfe=k%] prqFkZe.MyL; okenso%] i×pee.MyL; vf=k%] "k"Be.MyL; Hkkj}kt%]
lIree.MyL; of'k"B%] v"Vee.MyL; p d.o% rL; oa'ktk'p Í"k;% lfUrA
cksèkç'u%
1- ÍXosnL; laf{kIr% ifjp;ks ns;%\
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2- ÍXosnL; eU=kla[;kfopkj% dÙkZO;%\

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3- ÍXosns dfr nsork% Lrqrk%\ fofoP;rke~A

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4- ^Íf"k* 'kCnL;kfHkçk;a fofoP; rs"kka egÙoa LFkki;rA

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2-4 ÍXosnL; çeq[kkf.k lwDrkfu

lEçfr ÍXosnL; çpfyrk lafgrk 'kkdy'kk[kh;k ,o vfLrA r=k fofoèkkfu
ykSfddkfu nk'kZfudkfu p lwDrkfu çkIrkfu HkofUrA
2-4-1 ykSfddlwDrkfu
ÍXosnL; vusosQ"kq lwDrs"kq ykSfdd&O;kogkfjd&fo"k;k.kka jkspda o.kZue~
vfLrA ,oafoèkyksdlaLÑR;k lg lEc¼fo"k;k.kka leqiyfCèk% ÍXosnL; n'kes e.Mys
HkofrA rsu vL; e.MyL; yksdfç;rk fof'k"Vrk p fl¼ÔfrA mnkgj.kkFkZfeg dfri;s
eU=kk% mfn~èkz;Urs&v"Vi×pk'kÙkeL; lwDrL; uke ,o êu% vkorZue~* bR;fLrA v=k
oSoLor&;e&fno&Hkwfe&leqæknhuka ik'oZxrkuka tukuka eulka ijkorZukFkkZ; çkFkZuk¿fLrµ
;r~ rs ;ea oSoLora euks txke nwjde~A
rÙk vkorZ ; kelhg {k;k; thols A A
(Í&10@58@11) 27

osnifjp;% i×pk'khfrres lwDrs lw;kZ (m"kk;k%) fookg% lkseus lg HkofrA lwDrs¿fLeu~
lq"Bq nkEiR;thouk; çtkle`n~è;FkZ×p mins'k% çnÙkefLrA ;Fkkµ
bg fç;a çt;k rs le`è;rkefLeu~ x`gs xkgZiR;k; tkx`fgA
,ukiR;k rUoa la l`tLokèkkftczhfonFkek onkFk%AA
(10@85@27)
ifrx`gs lekxrka iRuha ekÄõfydka lkS[;nk=kha rFkk ohjçlfouha Hkforqa
HkO;çkFkZuk çHkkoksRikfndk¿fLrµ
v?kksjp{kqjkifr?usfèk f'kok i'kqH;% lqeuk% lqopkZ%A
ohjlwnsZodkek L;ksuka 'ka uks Hko f}ins 'ka prq"insAA
(Í&10@89@44)
'kolaLdkjs.k lEc¼kfu vusdkfu lwDrkfu n'kes e.Mys feyfUrA
rfLeu~ ;qxs i`fFkO;ka 'koLFkkiuL; çFkk çk;% çpfyrk vklhr~A ;|fi lkekU;jhR;k
'konkglaLdkjL;So o.kZuefLrA 'kogsros èkj.khfonh.kkZ; 'koj{k.kk; p Ñrk çkFkZuk vrho
ek£edk vfLrA ;Fkkµ
ekrk iq=ka ;Fkk flpk¿H;sua Hkwe Å.kZqfgAA (Í-&10@10@11)
;eyksda xRok firjEçfr 'kok; dFkufene~ vfLrµ
lÄõPNLo fir`fHk% la;esus"VkiwrsZu ijes O;kseu~A
fgÙok vko|a iqujLresfg laxPNLo rUok lqopkZ%AA
(10@14@8)
i×ppRokfja'knfèkosQ 'krres lwDrs iRU;k% d"Veigk; iR;q% çkIR;qik;L;
fooj.ke~ vfLrA ;Fkkµ
beka [kukH;ks"k¯èk oh#èka cyoÙkee~A
;;k liRuha ckèkrs ;Fkk lafoUnrs ifre~AA
(Í-&10@145@1)
vijfLeu~ lwDrs ;{ek[;k;k% O;kèks£ouk'kk; çkFkZuk vfLrµ
eq×pkfe Rok gfo"kk thouk; deKkr;{eknqr jkt;{ekr~A
xzkfgtZxzkg ;fn oSrnsua rLek bUækXuh çeqeqDresue~AA
(Í&10@161@1)
j{kksgklwDrs nkuokr~ xHkZ=kk.kkFkZ% eU=kks¿fLrA (Í&10@162) ,oeso
vy{ehgua Lrks=ke~ (10@155)] nq%LoIuk'kue~ (10@164)] liRugue~ (10@166)]
o`f"Vdke% (10@98)] vkRekua rq"Vko (10@159)] liRuhckèkue~ (10@145)]
J¼klwDre~ (10@151)] vèke"kZ.klwDre~ (10@190)] laKkulwDre~ (10@191)]
v{klwDre~ (10@34)] vkS"kèkhuka Lrqfr% (10@97)] jkK% oj.ke~ (10@174) bR;knhuka
ykSfddfo"k;k.kka lfUuos'kks¿fLrA rsu ÍXosnL; yksddY;k.kdkfj.;k mnkÙkHkkouk;k%
ifjp;ks feyfrA
28
2-4-2 nk'kZfudlwDrkfu ÍXosnlafgrk%
n'kZuçèkkukfu uklnh;lwDr (10@129) iq#"klwDr (10@90)

fgj.;xHkZlwDr (10@121) okDlwDr (10@125) ;elwDr (10@135) jkf=klwDr
(10@127) bR;knhU;usdkfu lwDrkfu nk'kZfudn`"VÔk ;Fkk xEHkhjkf.k lfUr rFkSo
çfrHkkuqHkwfrn`"VÔk vrho je.kh;kfu] vfHkuodYiukn`"VÔk vfi p furkUrkfu çfl¼kfu
lfUrA uklnh;lwDrs txr% çkjfEHkdfLFkR;k% o.kZua oqQoZu~ Íf"k% dFk;fr ;r~ l`"VÔk
vkjEHkdkys u rq vlr~ vklhr~ uSo lr~ ,oA u fnueklhr~ uSo fu'ksfr] l`"VÔk
vfHkO;×tda fdefi fpÉefi uklhr~A dke% ;% [kyq lÄïYi:i ,oklhr~ l loZçFke%
leqRiUu% vHkor~A vL;So vfHkO;fDr% l`"VÔk% fofHkUuLrjs"kq çfriQfyrk vHkwr~A rnkuhe~
,d ,o rÙoeklhr~] ;r~ okra fouSo 'oklxzg.kedjksr~ rFkk futLokHkkfod'kDR;k
thforeklhr~A
iq#"klwDrs iq#"k:iL; ijczãijekReu% vkè;kfReddYiuk;k HkO;a
funZ'kuefLrA vL; iq#"kL; lgÏkf.k 'kh"kkZf.k] lgÏkf.k v{khf.k rFkSo iknk% lfUrA
vFkkZr~ rLeS iq#"kk; ,rs"kka 'kjhjko;okuka dkfi b;Ùkk ukfLrA vL; fo'oL; vkèkkj% iq#"k
,o] vlkS ,dy% lu~ vf}rh; ,o fuf[kys fo'ofLeu~ orZrs] ;'p Hkwrdkys vfi
vklhr~] orZekus¿I;fLr] Hkfo";s¿fi leqRiUuks Hkfo";frA vL;So iq#"kL; eq[kkn~] ckg~oks%]
Å#H;ka] iknkH;ka Øe'k% czkã.k&{kf=k;&oS';&'kwæk% leqRiUuk%] eul% pUæek] p{kq"k%
lw;Z%] Jks=kkr~ ok;q'p çk.k'p] eq[kkr~ vfXu% mRiUu% vHkor~A rsu iq#"ks.k ;r~ ekufld&
lÄïYisu ;Ka Ñre~ rLeknso ;Kkr~ ÍX;tqLlkekFkokZ[;k% osnk%] losZ pjkpjthok%]
o`{k&ouLiR;kS"kèk;'p leqRiUuk vHkou~A vusu çdkjs.k lwDrfena oSfndk;kZ.kka
lkekftdkè;kfRed&èkkj.kk;k% ifjpk;dRosu furkUra egÙoiw.kZefLrA
fgj.;xHkZlwDrs fgj.;xHkZ% ^d* laKd% çtkifr#Dr%A l% l`"VÔknkS
fo|eku vklhr~A vlkS ,o losZ"kka leqRiUukuka çkf.kuka j{kd vklhr~A l ,o fg leLra
fo'oa fcHk£rA tkxzr~&LoIu&lq"kqIrkoLFkk;ke~ ,d ,o vlkS lexzHkwrkuka jktk ('kkld%)
vklhr~A ukfLr ,rkor~ ,o vL; ekgkRE;e~ vfirq e`R;ks#ifj vL;So 'kklua Hkofr]
ve`rRoa rL; Nk;k orZrsA ldyl`"VÔk% ikyuL; laj{k.kL; p dk;± rL;So vkèkhue~
vfLrA nsos"kq vlkS vf}rh;% vfLrA rL;So laj{k.ks |koki`fFkO;kS Lo&Lo LFkkus çfrf"BrkS
Lr%A
,oeqDrçdkjs.kSo vU;s"kkefi lwDrkuka fo"k;s KkrO;e~A okDlwDrs¿fi
okXnsoh ,o leLrL; vL; çi×pL; dkj.k:ik o£.krkA lk ,o v"VolqfHk%] ,dkn'k#æS%]
}kn'kkfnR;S%] fo'osnsoS% lg p fopj.ka djksfrA lk ,o fe=ko#.k:ik] bUækXuh:ik
vf'oukS:ik p vfLrA rLekr~ ,o lo± txr~ 'kqDrkS jtre~ bo fo|ekue~ vfLrA lk ,o
lksea] Ro"Vkje~] iw"k.ke] Hkxe~] æfo.ka p nèkkfrA lk ,o loZL; txr% bZ'ojh o£.krkA
lk onfr ;r~ vfLeu~ lalkjs ;% df'pnfi vUuefÙk] foi';fr] çkf.kfr] Ük`.kksfr rRlo±
e;So djksfrA ;s eke~ u tkufUr] rs loZ=k misf{krk ,o HkofUrA ;a iq#"ka vga dke;s ra
mxza djksfe] reso p czãk:is.k lqesèkk=Íf"k:is.k çfr"Bki;kfeA vgeso |qyksosQ
i`fFkO;k×p vUr;kZfe:is.k çfo"Vk¿fLeA leqæL; vUr% ee LFkkue~ vfLrA ,oa loZfena
çi×pe~ vga dkj.kr;k miLi`'kkfeA okr:is.k vgeso çogkfe] vkdk'kL; ijLrkr~]
i`fFkO;k% ijLrkPp fLFkrk¿ga vlÄõksnklhu&owQVLFk&czãpSrU;:ik LoefgEuk loZ=k O;kIrk 29

osnifjp;% vfLeA ÍXosns lIrn'kkfèkdlgÏla[;dkfu lwDrkfu lfUrA rs"kq lwDrs"kq nk'kZfud&
ykSfddlwDr:is.kSrkfu iwoksZDrkfu lwDrkfu çeq[kkf.k lUrhfrA
cksèkç'u%
5- ÍXosnLFkS% ykSfdosQ% lwDrS% lektL; d% midkj% lEHkofr\
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6- uklnh;lwDrs ¯d o£.kre~\
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7- iq#"klwDrs dL; ;kxL; o.kZue~ vfLr\

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8- ^d* laKd çtkirs% Lo:io.kZua oqQ#rA

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2-5 ÍXosnL; Hkk";dkjk%

ÍXosnlafgrk;k% vusosQ Hkk";dkjk% lqfofnrk% lfUrA rs"kq LdUnLokfe&ukjk;.k&
mn~xhFk&ekèkoHkV~~V&osÄïVekèko&èkkuq"d;To&vkuUnrhFkZ&vkRekuUn&lk;.kçHk`r;% lfUrA
Øe'kks¿=k rs"kka Hkk";dkjk.kka laf{kIr% ifjp;% çLrw;rsµ
LdUnLokeh& LdUnLokeh ÍXosnL; Hkk";dkjs"kq loZçFke%A LdUnLokfeu% tUe
xqtZjçns'kL; ^cyeh* bR;k[;uxjs vHkor~A vL; firqukZe Hkr`Zèkzqo vklhr~A v;a çfrHkkoku~
çHkkooka'p fo}kuklhr~A v;a 'kriFkczkã.kL; fo[;krks Hkk";dkj% gfjLokfeuks xq#%
vklhr~A vL; dky% çk;% 682 foØekCn% rFkk 625 –h"VkCn% fl¼ks HkofrA vusu
:is.k v;a g"kZck.k;ks% ledkfyd% çrhrks HkofrA ÍXosns LdUnLokeh furjka fo'kna
foy{k.k×p Hkk";a Ñroku~A
ukjk;.k%& ukjk;.k% LdUnLokfeu% le; ,o vHkor~A l p ÍXHkk";s LdUnLokfeua
çfr lkgkÕ;a vdjksr~A vL;kfi le;% foØeL; lIre'krkC|ke~ ,o çekf.krks HkofrA
mn~xhFk%& mn~xhFk% LdUnLokfeua ÍXHkk";ys[kus lkgkÕ;a Ñroku~A v;a fg
30 egkuqHkko% ÍXosnL; vfUreHkkxL; Hkk";a Ñroku~A çR;sdL; vè;k;L; ifjlekIrkS rsu
Lofo"k;s fyf[kre~µ¶ouokls fofuxZrkpk;ZL; mn~xhFkL; ÑrkS ÍXHkk";---vè;k;% lekIr%A¸ ÍXosnlafgrk%
vusu mYys[ksu çrh;rs ;r~ çkphudkys vkèkqfudd.kkZVdL; çrhP;Hkw[k.M% ôuoklhçkUr*
bfr ukEuk [;kr vklhr~A mn~xhFk% vL;So çkUrL; fuoklh vklhr~A
ekèkoHkV~V%& ekèkoHkV~V% ÍXosnL; egku~ fo}ku~ vklhr~A oLrqr% êkèko*
ukeèks;k% pRokjks Hkk";dkjk% çfl¼k% lfUrA osQpu bfrgkldkj% ,oa onfUr ;r~ lk;.k%
fda ok osÄïV ,o êkèko* bR;srsu ukEuk [;kr vklhr~A vU;s fo}kal% dFk;fUr ;r~
ekèkoHkV~Vks¿;a lk;.kkr~ osÄïVkPp fHkUu vklhr~A vusu ç.khrL; Hkk";L; m¼j.kkfu
LdUnLokfeuk] osÄïVekèkosu] lk;.ksu p Loh;s"kq xzUFks"kq nÙkkfuA vrks¿;a –h"VL;
"k"B'krdL;ksÙkjHkkxs vHkor~ bfr oDrqa 'kD;rsA vL; tUeLFkkufo"k;s Dofpr~ vfi
mYys[kks u feyfrA
osÄVï ekèko%& osÄVï ekèko% lEiw.kZÍDlafgrk;ka LoHkk";a ç.khroku~A osQpu vkykspdk%
,oa dFk;fUr ;r~ v;a ÍXosnL; Hkk";};a fyf[kroku~A v;a LoHkk";L; vfUres Hkkxs
Looa'kifjp;a nÙkoku~A rnuqlkje~ v;a dkSf'kdxks=ks] nf{k.kkiFkh;pksyns'ks tUe x`ghroku~A
vL; firk osÄïVkpk;Z% ekrk p lqUnjh nsoh vklhr~A vL; ,d% vuqtks¿fi vklhr~A
osÄïVxksfoUnk[;kS }kS iq=kkS vkLrke~A v;a lk;.kL; nsojkt;Tou'p iwoZorhZ vklhr~A vusu
fl¼Ôfr ;nL; le;% foØekCnL; =k;ksn'k'krdkr~ iwoZdkfyd% vfLrA v;a fg fo}ku~
osQoya i;kZ;okfpuka inkuka lfUuos'ksu eU=kk.kkeFkkZu~ Li"Vf;rqa 'yk?kuh;a ç;Rua Ñroku~A
vL; Hkk";L; vè;;usu eU=kk.kkeFkZ% lqxer;So Kkrks HkforqegZfrA
èkkuq"d;Tok& Jw;rs ;n;a f=k"kq osns"kq Hkk";a jfproku~] ija rnh;a Hkk";a bnkuha
u Dokfi yH;rs] u p rL; ifjp;fo'ks"k ,oA bfrgklfonka erkuqlkje;a =k;ksn'k'krrekr~
oSØekCnkr~ çkd~ vklhr~A v;a oS".kokpk;Z% ^f=kosnhHkk";dkj%* bfr insu ^=k;hfu"Bo`¼*
bfr insu p Le`rks¿fLrA
vkuUnrhFkZ%& vkuUnrhFkZ% êèo* ukEuk [;krks¿fLrA v;a }SroknL; çorZua
Ñroku~A vL; Hkk";a NUnksc¼efLrA vL; Hkk";s iw.kZiq#"kL; ukjk;.kL; çfriknua
;qfDrije~ vfLrA vL; Hkk";a ÍXosnL; çFkee.MyL; dfri;kuka eU=kk.kkeqi;sZokfLrA
vL; dky% foØeL; i×pi×pk'knfèkd}kn'k'krkCnr% i×pf=ka'knfèkd=k;ksn'k'krkCni;ZUra
Lohdrq± 'kD;rsA
vkRekuUn%& vkRekuUn% ÍXosnL; vL;okeh;a lwDra O;k[;kroku~A v;a Loh;s
Hkk";s LdUnLokfeu% erekyksfproku~A rnuUrja lk;.kkpk;sZ.k vkRekuUnL; erekyksfpre~A
vusu fl¼Ôfr ;n;a LdUnLokfeu% ijorhZ lk;.kkPp iwoZorhZ vklhr~A vL; dky%
–h"VL; prqnZ'k'krrekCn% Lohdrq± 'kD;rsA
lk;.kkpk;Z%& vkpk;Zlk;.kks fot;uxj&laLFkkidegkjktcqDdL; egkjktgfjgjL;
p vekR;% lsukuh p vklhr~A lk;.kks oSfndlEçnk;L; ;FkkFkZr;k osÙkk pklhr~A rLekr~
rnh;a Hkk";a losZ"kq Hkk";s"kq ewèkZU;e~ vfLrA lk;.kHkk";L; jpukdky% –h"VL;
prqnZ'k'krkCns#Ùkjk¼Z ,o eUrqa 'kD;rsA futT;s"BHkzk=kk ekèkokpk;sZ.k çsfjrks HkwRok vfLeu~
O;k[;kdk;sZ vlkS ço`Ùkks¿Hkwr~A rsu Hkk";fena ekèkoh;ukEuk fo'ofoJqreHkor~A
ik'pkR;Hkk";dkjk%& ik'pkR;Hkk";dkjs"kq eks{kewyj%] foUVjuhRl%] ;kdksch]
eSdMksuy&dhFkkn;ks¿usosQ fo}kal% osnO;k[;k;ka fu".kkrk% furjka layXuk'pklu~] rs"kka
O;k[;k vkÄ~XyHkk"kk;keqifuc¼k orZrsA
31

osnifjp;% 2-6 lkjka'k%
vk;kZ.kka lH;rk;k% laLÑrs'p ewykèkkjk osnk ,o lfUrA osn"s kq loZfoèkKku&foKkuL;
foospuefLrA osnkuka prÏ% lfUr lafgrk%µÍDlafgrk] ;tq%lafgrk] lkelafgrk] vFkoZlfa grk
pA ÍXosnlafgrk lokZlq lafgrklq çeq[kk çFker;k Lej.kh;k pkfLrA ÍD'kCnL;kFkksZ
Hkofrµ^ÍP;rs Lrw;rs ;;k lk Íd~* bfrA ÍXosn% prq"kZq ÍfRoXx.ks"kq gks=kk lEc¼%]
O;klf'k";s"kq iSy'p vL; vè;srk vfLrA
ÍXosns n'ke.Mykfu] v"VkS vuqokdk%] 1016 lwDrkfu] 2006 oxkZ%] 64
vè;k;k% f[kyeU=kku~ fogk; 10472 eU=kk'p lfUrA f[kyeU=kk.kka la[;k v'khfr%]
,dkn'k lwDrkfu ;kfu [kYo"Ves dk.Ms lfUrA
ÍXosns =k;fL=ka'kísorkuka çkFkZuk% lfUrA nsoks nkuk}k |ksruk}k bfr ;kLdopukuqlkja
nsork% nku'khyk% |ksruLoHkkok'p HkofUrA ÍXosns e.Mykuka O;oLFkk Í"kh.kkekèkkjs.kSo
orZrsA r=k çFke&uoe&n'kee.Mys"kq vusosQ"kka Í"kh.kka n`"Vk% eU=kk% lfUr] fdfURo;a
O;oLFkk f}rh;e.MyknkjH;k"Vee.Myi;ZZUra lE;xoyksD;rsA f}rh;e.MyL;&x`Rlen%]
r`rh;e.MyL; fo'okfe=k%] prqFkZe.MyL; okenso%] i×pee.MyL; vf=k%] "k"Be.MyL;
Hkj}kt%] lIree.MyL; of'k"B%] v"Vee.MyL; p d.o% rL; oa'ktk'p Í"k;%
lfUrA
ÍXosnL; çeq[klwDrs"kq osQ"kk×pu ykSfdd&nk'kZfudkuka f}foèkkuka lwDrkuka ppkZ
Ñrk¿fLrA ykSfddlwDrs"kq êu vkorZue~*] ^;elwDre~*] ^;{euk'kulwDre~*] ^j{kksgklwDre~*]
^liRu?ua lwDre~*] ^nq%LoIuuk'kulwDre~*] ^J¼klwDre~*] ^v{klwDrknhuka çkeq[;s.kksiLFkkiua
Ñre~A nk'kZfudlwDrs"kq uklnh;&iq#"k&okd~&fgj.;xHkkZnhuka lwDrkuka ppkZ Ñrk%A
ÍXosnL; Hkk";dkjs"kq LdUnLokeh] ukjk;.k%] ekèkoHkV~V%] osÄïVekèko%]
lk;.kkpk;kZnhuka la{ksis.k ifjp;% çnÙk%A
2-7 'kCnkoyh
(d) fuR;f}ink%µ;k%Íp% loZnk Lokè;k;dkys¿fi ç;ksxdkys¿fi p f}ink
,o HkofUr] rk% Íp% fuR;f}ink mP;UrsA
([k) uSfefÙkdf}ink%µ;k%Íp% vè;;udkys prq"ink ç;ksxdkys p f}ink%
HkofUr] rk%Íp% uSfefÙkdf}ink bR;qP;UrsA
(x) vlqj%µvlq% oS çk.kk%] jk = nkukFkZd% vFkkZr~ ;% çk.kL; nkrk vfLr
l ^vlqj* bR;qP;rsA (,rr~ ina nsofufeÙke~)A
(?k) fgj.;xHkZ% = fgj.;e;% v.MchtHkwr% ijes'oj%A
(Ä) vUuefÙk = vUua [kknfrA
(p) çkf.kfr = çk.ke~ bfr ina 'olfufeÙka rLekr~ 'okla x`ÊkrhR;FkZ%A
(N) Ro"Vkje~ = txr% fuekZrkje~A
(t) iw"k.ke~ = iks"k.kdÙkkZje~A
32
(>) Hkxe~ = ,s'o;Ze~A ÍXosnlafgrk%
(×k) æfo.ke~ = èkue~A

(V) çi×pe~ = HkkSfrda ek;kReda txr~A
(B) vlÄõ% = lÄõjfgr%A
(M) mnklhu% = lq[k&nq%[kkfnfHk% jfgr%A
(.k) owQVLFk% = loZr% ifjo`r% lqxqIr'pA ifjr% lqjf{kr%A
(r) pSrU;% = psrukoku~A
(Fk) efgEuk = ekgkRE;su] xkSjos.kA
2-8 lUnHkZxzUFk%
xzUFkukekfu laik-@ys[kd@Hkk";dkj% çdk'kue~ o"kZe~
1- oSfndokÄ~e;L;sfrgkl% vkpk;Ztxnh'k pUæfeJ% pkS-lqj-çdk-okjk- 1989
2- oSfndokÄ~e;L;sfrgkl% JhjekdkUr 'kkL=kh pkS-fo|kHkoue~] okjk- 1970
3- laLÑrokÄ~e; dk bfrgkl Jhcynso mikè;k; mÙkjçns'klaLÑrlaLFkku 1996
(osn[k.M) y[kuÅ
4- fu#Dre~ ;kLdkpk;Z% esgjpUn y{e.knkl 1982
(eqoqQUn>k o['kh Vhdk) ubZ fnYyh
5- ÍXosnlafgrk ewyek=ke~ ukxifCy'klZ fnYyh 2000
6- 'kriFkczkã.ke~ lk;.kHkk";e~ ukxifCy'klZ] fnYyh 1990
7- ÍXosnHkk";Hkwfedk JhtxUukFkikBd pkS-fo|kHkoue~] okjk- 1991
8- ÍDlwDrlaxgz % MkW- gfjnÙk'kkL=kh lkfgR; Hk.Mkj] esjB 2000
2-9 lgk;dxzUFk%
1- ÍXosnlafgrk f'koukFk vkfgrkfXu ukxçdk'kd&fnYyh f}-la 1991
2- ÍXosnkuqØe.kh eSdMksuy vkDliQksMZ 1886
3- c`gísork 'kkSud dydÙkk 1893
4- ÍDçkfr'kk[;e~ eÄõynso'kkL=kh bykgkckn 1931
2-10 cksèkç'uksÙkjkf.k
1- ÍP;rs Lrw;rs ;;k lk Íd~ bfrA ÍXosns cgqfHk% Íf"kfHk% lqyfyrS%
HkkoHkO;S% 'kCnS% fofHkUuk% nsork% lknja Lrqrk% lfUrA ÍXosns n'k
e.Mykfu] prq%"kf"Vjè;k;k%] lIrn'kkfèkdlgÏkf.k lwDrkfu] 10472
33

osnifjp;% eU=kk'p lfUrA f[kylwDrkfu p ,dkn'k] ;=k v'khfreU=kk% lfUrA
^gksrk* ukeosQu ÍfRotk lEc¼% ÍXosn%] O;klf'k";s"kq iSy% vL;kè;srk
pkfLrA prl`"kq osnlafgrklq ÍXoslafgrk loZçkphuk vfLrA
2- ÍXosnL; 'kkdy'kk[kk;ka bnkuheqiyH;ekuk;ka 10472 eU=kk% f[kyeU=kku~
fogk; lfUrA ckyf[kY;k% 80 eU=kk% lfUrA vkgR; 10552 eU=kk
HkofUrA oLrqr% 10467 bfr 'kkdysuksDre~A 'kkSudkuqØe.;ka 10580
eU=kk mDrk%] rFkkfi ukjk;.kHkV~VL; ÍXosnfooj.ksu f[kyeU=kkuknk;
10472 eU=kk lUrhR;oxE;rsA la[;s;a loSZjfi vÄõhfØ;rs pA
3- ÍXosns =k;fL=ka'kr~ nsork% Lrqrk% lfUrA rklq ,dkn'k i`fFkO;kae~] ,dkn'k
vUrfj{ks] ,dkn'krek'p fnfo olfUrA rnuqlkja v"VkS olo%] ,dkn'k
#æk%] }kn'kkfnR;k%] bUæ% çtkifr'psfr =k;fL=ka'kr~ nsork% HkofUrA
oLrqr% ÍXosnL; çR;sda lwDra d;kfpn~ nsor;k lEc¼efLrA rsu
ÍXosns 3339 nsork% HkofUrA =k;fL=ka'kr~ nsorkfHk% lg vU;k% nsork%
vfi Lrqrk% HkofUrA ¶=k;fL=ka'k}S nsok%¸ bfr uS#Drk% eU;UrsA
4- Í"k~ èkkrks% fdfnR;usu Íf"k'kCnks fu"i|rs] rsu ^Í"kfr i';fr bfr
Íf"k%* bR;FkksZ¿oxE;rsA vFkkZr~ Í"k;ks eU=kk.kka æ"Vkjks HkofUrA ;L;ka
nsork;ka ;kn`'ka lkeF;± Íf"kfHkn`Z"Va rka rka nsorka rFkk rFkk eU=kSLrs
LrqroUr%A rLekr~ Í"kh.kka egÙoa ijerÙoL; voxkgdRosu loksZRÑ"Va
orZrsA vr ,o ÍXosns e.Mykuka O;oLFkk Í"kh.kka n`"VÔSo Ñrk¿fLrA
5- ÍXosnLFks"kq ykSfddlwDrs"kq lkekftdO;oLFkkuqlkja tuu&ej.kk'kkSpjksx&
fuokj.k&Jho`f¼&çtko`f¼çHk`frç;kstukU;qfí'; vusdkfu lwDrkfu lfUrA
,rs"kka lwDrkukeè;;usu ekuothous lekifrrkuka fofoèkleL;kuka nwjhdj.kk;
mfprksik;L;kocksèkks Hkofr] rsu lektL; egku~ midkjks HkofrA
6- uklnh;lwDrs l`"VÔk%vkjfEHkdkoLFkk;k% ppkZ vfLrA nk'kZfudfopkjèkkj;k
lwDrfena vfHkuodYiuk;qra orZrsA
7- iq#"klwDrs iq#"kesèk;kxL; o.kZuefLrA iq#"kesèk;kx% ukjk;.kiq#"kL;
ekufld&lÄïYisuSo lEiUu%] rLekr~ lkÄïfYid;kx bR;qP;rsA
8- ^d* laKd% çtkifr% fgj.e;k.MchtHkwrks¿fLrA l ,o loZçFkea
mRi| vL; pjkpjtxr% fuekZ.kedjksr~A rL;So ç'kklus loZfena txr~
lqpk#:is.k xfr'khyefLrA
2-11 vH;klç'uk%
1- ÍXosnL; ifjp;ks ns;%A
2- lafgrkinL;kFk± fyf[kRok prl`"kq lafgrklq ÍXosnlafgrk;k% ¯d LFkkue~\
bfr Li"V;rA
3- iq#"klwDrL; la{ksis.k ifjp;ks ns;%A
34
4- LdUnLokfeu% ifjp;ks ns;%A ;tqonZs lafgrk
5- lk;.kkpk;ZL; ifjp;ks ns;%A

6- fuR;&uSfefÙkdf}ink;k% ifjp;ks ns;%A
7- nsok% ^vlqjk%* dFkeqP;Urs\ Li"V;rA
8- 'kr£p&eè;e&{kqælwDregklwDræ"V`.kka Í"kh.kka la[;k vk"kkZuqØe.;ka
fdeqDrk\ la{ksis.k lksnkgj.ka fy[krA
9- nk'kZfudlwDrs"kq dkfu&dkfu lwDrkfu eq[;kfu\ ukekfu fy[krA
w
35

osnifjp;% r`rh;% ikB% (;tqosZnlafgrk)
ikBlajpuk
3-1 izLrkouk
3-2 mís';e~
3-3 ;tqosZnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%
3-3-1 ;tqosZnL; foHkkx% eU=kkfnla[;kfopkj'p
3-3-2 ;tqosZnL; fo"k;oLrq
3-3-3 ;tqosZnL; Í"k;%
cksèkç'u%
3-4 ;tqosZnL; fof'k"Vk vè;k;k%
cksèkç'u%
3-5 ;tqosZnL; Hkk";dkjk%
3-6 lkjka'k%
3-7 'kCnkoyh
3-8 lUnHkZxzUFk%
3-9 lgk;dxzUFk%
3-11 vH;klç'uk%
3-1 çLrkouk
v=k oSfndokÄ~e;L;sfrgkls osnifjp;L; r`rh;s ikBs Hkor% Lokxre~A prq"kZq
osns"kq ÍXosnL; lafgrk;k% fo"k;s iwoZikBs Hkork vèkhre~A çR;sdL; osnL; lafgrk&czkã.k&
vkj.;d&mifu"kn~Hksnq"kq eU=kladyukRedL; lafgrkHkkxL; çkFkE;efi loSZjoxE;rsA
vfLeu~ ikBs Hkoku~ ;tqosZnlafgrk;k% ,sfrgkflda o.kZua] r=kksiof.kZrkuka fo"k;k.kk×p
vè;;ua dfj";frA rs"kq ;tq%inL; vFkZ%] ;tqosnZL; 'kqDy&Ñ".kRo;ks% dkj.ka] ;tqosZnL;
miyC/k% 'kk[kk%] ekè;fUnu'kk[kk;k% vè;k;eU=klÄ~[;k%] rSÙkjh;'kk[kk;k% dk.MeU=klÄ~[;k]
cgqfoèkkuka ;K&;kxknhuka o.kZue~] loZdeZlq ;KL; Js"BRoe~] ;Kkuq"Bkusu loZfoèkdkeukuka
iwfrZ%] ;KsuSo l`"V~;kjEHk%] ,sfgda ikjykSfdda p lq[ka çkIrqa ;KL;ko';dRoe~ bR;kn;%
fo"k;k% izeq[kk% orZUrsA
3-2 mís';e~
1- ;tqosZnL; ifjp;a nkrqa 'k{;frA
2- ;tqoZsnL; o.;Zfo"k;L; çfriknua drq± 'k{;frA
3- ;tqoZsnsu lEi|ekukuka ;Kkuka o.kZua drq± çHkfo";frA
4- ;Kkuka deZlq Js"BRoa dFkfefr Kkrqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA
5- ;Ksu ,sfgd&ikjykSfddiQyçkfIr% dFka lEHkorhfr KkL;frA
36
6- lafgrklq ;tqosZnlafgrk;k% LFkkua fu/kZjf;rqa 'k{;frA ;tqonZs lafgrk
7- ;tqosZnL; 'kk[kkHksnku~ çn'kZf;rqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA

8- ;tqosZnkè;;usu dks ykHk% bfr fu:if;rqa 'k{;frA
9- ;tqosZns èkeZL; ¯d Lo:ifefr oDrqa 'k{;frA
3-3 ;tqosZnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%

;tqonZs % deZdk.Mçèkku% eU;rsA ;K% deZ.kSo lEi|rsA rLekr~ ;kLd% ¶;tq;t
Z rs%¸
bR;usu lw=ks.k ;=k ;tukfnda O;k[;kra r|tqfjfr mDroku~A ;Ksu ijeiq#"kL; lRdkjks
HkofrA rLekRlosZ"kq osns"kq ;KL; çkèkkU;a çeq[k:is.k orZrsA rnqDra euqukµ
¶vfXuok;qjfoH;Lrq =k;a czã lukrue~A
nqnksg ;Kflè;FkZe`X;tqLlkey{k.ke~¸AA bfr
(euq-&1@23)
^vèoj* 'kCnks ;KL; i;kZ;%A u èoj% vèoj%A èoj~ bfr fgalkdekZ rRçfr"ksèk%
rLekr~ vèoj bfr ;KukeA re~ vèoja ;qufDr bfr vèo;qZ%A vèo;qZ% prq"kqZ ÍfRoXx.ks"kq
vèo;qZx.kL; usrk vfLrA vkèo;ZodeZ.ks mikns;s ;tqosZns ;tq"kka lÄ~xzgks orZrsA ;tq%
'kCnL; fofoèkk% O;k[;k% orZUrsA r|Fkkµ
¶vfu;rk{kjkolkuks ;tq%¸] ^x|kRedks ;tq%*] ^'ks"ks ;tq%*] ^f=kxq.ka (lafgrk&
in&Øea vFkok mnkÙkkuqnkÙkLofjra) iB~;ekuks eU=kczkã.kkRedks ;tqosZn% bfrA fd×p
'kriFkczkã.ks dkfpn~ fHkUuk ,o ifjHkk"kk yH;rsA r|Fkkµ
¶v;eso ;tq;ksZ¿;a iors] ,"k fg ;Uusosna lo± tu;frA ,ra ;Urfeneuqçtk;rsA
rLek}k;qjso ;tq%A v;esokdk'kks tw%] ;fnneUrfj{ke~] ,ra ákdk'keuq torsA
rnsr|tqokZ;q'pkUrfj{k×p ;Pp tw'pAA¸ ('k-i-czk-&10@3@5@1&2) bfrA
vFkkZniq ;qDZ rsu euks% opusu ok;ks% ;tqonZs L; nksgua fl¼a vHkor~A ok;q% çog.k'khyks
Hkofr_ rLekr~ ;tqosZns (;r~$tw%) in};e~ vfLr ;Rinsu ok;q%] twfjfr xfr%] rsu ;r~
xfr'khya r|tq%A v;esokFkZ% ;Ks"kq ?kVrs ;Fkk ;teku% ;KkfnfHk% vLekYyksdkr~ xeua
ÑRok Lo%yksosQ çfrf"Brks HkofrA vr ,o ;Kkuka iQya LoxZ ,oksDre~A
lks¿;a ;tqosZn% 'kqDy&Ñ".kHksnsu f}foèk%A r=k 'kqDy&;tqosZn% vkfnR;lEçnk;L;
çfrfufèk%] Ñ".k;tqosZn'p czãlEçnk;L; çfrfufèkjfLrA rLekr~ ;tqosZnL; }kS lEçnk;kS
Lr%A ;tqosZnL; 'kqDyRoÑ".kRo;ksHksZnLrL; Lo:iksifj vkfJrks¿fLrA
egkHkk";dkjs.k ir×tfyuk ^losZ ns'kkUrjs* ,rn~okfrZdO;k[;kukoljs çfrosna
'kk[kkHksnk% nf'kZrk%A rsuksDre~µ ¶,d'kreèo;qZ'kk[kk%¸ bfrA ;|fi 'kk[kkHksns¿fi 'kkL=ks"kq
oSfoè;efLr] rFkkfi ir×tfyuk çnf'kZrk% 'kk[kkHksnk% loSZjÄõhfØ;UrsA rnuq Ñ".k;tq"k%
'kk[kk% "kM'khfr#nkârk%] 'kqDyL; ;tq"k% i×pn'k'kk[kk'pksDrk%A ,oe~ ,dksÙkja 'kra
'kk[kk% çksDrk fg ;ktq"ksA mDrklq ,dksÙkj'kr'kk[kklq lEçfr Ñ".k;tqosZnL; prÏ% 'kk[kk%
leqiyH;UrsA 'kqDy;tqosZnL; p ekè;fUnu 'kk[kk d.o'kk[kk psfr }s 'kk[ks miyCèks Lr%A
r;ks% çFkek mÙkjHkkjrs çkI;rs f}rh;k p egkjk"VªsA vu;ks% 'kk[k;ks% lafgrs fHkUus lR;kofi 37

osnifjp;% LoYieso Hksna èkkj;r%] cgq"oa'ks"kq le:irk orZrsA Ñ".k;tqosZnL; prÏ% 'kk[kk%µ
rSfÙkjh;&eS=kk;.kh&dB&dfi"BydBk[;k% leqiyH;UrsA Ñ".k;tqosZnL; prl`"kq lafgrklq
u osQoya Lo:ir% ,d:irk¿fLr çR;qr rklq of.kZrkuq"Bkus"kq rFkk rfUu"ikndeU=ks"kq vfi
lkE;a orZrsA
3-3-1 ;tqosZnL; foHkkx% eU=kkfnlÄ~[;kfopkj'p

okjkgiqjk.ks ,dk vk[;kf;dk lqçfl¼k¿fLrA r=ksna jgL;a leqn~?kkfVra
;r~µ ¶dYiknkS Hkxork Jhfo".kquk 'kÄ~[kklqjkijukekua g;xzhonSR;a O;kik| rnkârks osnks
rr vkuh; czã.ks çnnsA czãk p ra }sèkk foHkT;Sda Hkkxa HkxokukfnR;s fufgroku~A vU;a
p Hkkxa Loiq=kkfnH;ks of'k"BkfÄõjksejhP;f=kçHk`frH;ks¿è;;ufofèkuk çk;PNr~A rs¿fi
Loiq=k&ikS=k&çikS=k&f'k";&çf'k";sH;% çk;PNu~A rrks¿xzs }kijkUrs lR;orhlwuq% Hkxoku~
O;klks¿YiçKku~ vYi'kDrhaYyksdku~ voyksD; resda Hkkxa osna prqèkkZ foHkT;
ÍX;tqLlkekFkokZ[;ku~ osnkeU=kku~ Øekr~ iSyoS'kEik;utSfefulqeUrqH;% Lof'k";sH;%
vè;kfiroku~A rr'p O;klf'k";kn~ oS'kEik;ukn~ ;kKoYD;kn;% f'k";k ;tqosZneèkhroUr%A
vFk dnkfpr~ osQukfi gsrquk ozqQ¼ks oS'kEik;uks ;kKoYD;a çfr mokpµ ênèkhra R;t*
bfrA ,oa xq#.kk vkfn"Vks ;kKoYD;ks ;ksxcykr~ rka fo|ka ewrk± foèkk; m}eusu R;Droku~A
oS'kEik;uL; vU;s f'k";k% frfÙkj;ks HkwRok rka ewrk± fo|ka Hk{k.ksu çkIroUr%] rkfu ;twaf"k
Ñ".kkfu tkrkfuA frfÙkfj.kk çksDrÙokr~ Ñ".k;tqosZnL; lk lafgrk rSfÙkjh;lafgrk bR;qP;rsA
rrks nq%f[krks ;kKoYD;% lw;Zekjkè; 'kqDykfu ;twaf"k (;kfu iqjk czã.kk fufgrkfu vklu~)
rkfu çkIroku~A ;kKoYD;% oktlfufjfr ukEu% eg"ksZ% iq=k vklhr~] rLekRl ôktlus;*
bfr ukEuk çfl¼ks¿fLr] rsu çksDrkfu ;twaf"k rUukEuk O;ofß;UrsA rnqDra 'kriFkJqrkSµ
¶vkfnR;kuhekfu 'kqDykfu ;twfa "k oktlus;us ;kKoYD;suk[;k;Urs¸ ('k-i-czk-& 14@9@5@33)
bfrA 'kriFkJqrkS osQoya 'kqDy;tqosZnfo"k;s mDrefLr ija ;kKoYD;ks vkfnR;kr~ u osQoya
'kqDy;tqosZn ,o vfirq prqjks osnku~ ÍX;tqLlkekFkokZ[;ku~ pkèkhroku~A lS"kk osnprq"V;h
^vkfnR; lEçnk;%* bfr çfl¼kA rnqDra iqjk.ks"kqµ ¶l rFksfr çfrKk; çfo';kfnR;okftu%A
d.ksZ¿iBÙkrks osnka'prqjks¿fi p rUeq[kkr~AA¸ bfrA (LdUniqjk.ks ukxj[k.Ms&vè;k;&278)A
rs p osnk% czãlEçnk;kUrxZrk% vkfnR;lEçnk;kUrxZrk% p f'k";çf'k";kfnfHk%
lEçkIrk% lUr% dkykUrjs vusd'kk[kklEiUuk vHkou~A ;tqosnZ L; eq[;:is.k 'kqDy;tqosnZ L;
ekè;fUnuh;lafgrk] Ñ".k;tqosZnL; p rSfÙkjh;lafgrk };ks% czã&vkfnR;lEçnk;;ks%
çfrfufèk:ikA 'kqDy;tqosZns n'kZikS.kZeklk|uq"Bkuk;So eU=kk.kka lÄïyuefLrA Ñ".k;tqosZns
rq eU=kS% lg rfUu;kstdkuka czkã.kkuka lfEeJ.keI;fLrA
'kqDy;tqonZs L; ekè;fUnulafgrk;ka pRokfja'knè;k;k% 1975 eU=kk% 90525
v{kjkf.k p lfUrA dk.olafgrk;k×p 40 vè;k;k% 2086 eU=kk'p lfUrA
Ñ".k;tqosZnL; rSfÙkjh;'kk[kk;ka lIr dk.Mkfu] 44 çikBdk%] 651
vuqokdk%] 2198 eU=kk% lfUrA eS=kk;.;ke~ 4 dk.Mkfu] 11 çikBdk%] 3144 eU=kk%
lfUrA dBla f grk;ke~ & 40 vè;k;k% 843 vuq o kdk%] 3091 eU=kk% lfUrA
dfi"BydBlafgrk;k×Ó&6 v"Vdkfu 48 vè;k;k% lfUrA dfi"BydBlafgrk;k% ,oSQo
çfr%] lk¿fi viw.kkZ ,o miyCèkk HkofrA
38
vU;k% 'kk[kk% vuqiyCèkk ,o lfUrA Jw;rs ;r~ iqjk dB&dykikfn'kk[kk% ;tqonZs lafgrk
cgqyçpfyrk vklu~A Hkkjrs izfrxzkea izfrx`ga pklu~A rFkksDra ir×tfyukµ ¶xzkes&xzkes
dkBda dykid×p çksP;rsA¸ (egkHkk";s&4@3@20) ije|Ros ux.;k ,oA
3-3-2 ;tqosZnL; fo"k;oLrq

'kqDy;tqosZnL; ekè;fUnuh;lafgrk;k% çkjfEHkd;ks}Z;ks% vè;k;;ks%
n'kZikS.kZeklsf"V& eU=kk%A r`rh;kè;k;s vfXugks=kk; pkrqekZL;k; p ;Kk; eU=kk%A prqFkkZè;k;knkjH;
v"Vekè;k;i;ZUra lkse;kxk;ksi;qDrk% eU=kk% lÄïfyrk% lfUrA i×pes&lkSfedosfnçèkkus
vkfrF;ekjH; ;wifuekZ.ki;ZUrk eU=kk%A "k"Bs&vfXu"kkseh;s ;wilaLdkjkfn&lksekfHk"koi;ZUrk
eU=kk%A lIres&mika'kqxzgkfnlou};xrk nf{k.kknkukUrk eU=kk%A v"Ves&r`rh;louxrk
vkfnR;xzgkfneU=kk% lfUrA uoes¿è;k;s&oktis;jktlw;;KlEc¼k% eU=kk% lÄïfyrk%A
n'kes¿è;k;s&vfHk"ksdkFk± tyknkukfnjktlw;xrpjdlkS=kke.kheU=kk% lfUrA ,dkn'ks¿è;k;s&
p;u;kxfufeÙkk% m[kklEHkj.kkfneU=kk% lfUrA }kn'ks¿è;k;s&m[kkèkkj.kkfn&eU=kk%A =k;ksn'ks&
fpR;qièkkus iq"dji.kkZ|qièkkueU=kk%A prqnZ'ks&f}rh;kfnfpfr=k;ksièkkueU=kk%A i×pn'ks
i×pefpfreU=kk%A "kksM'ks&'kr#fæ;gkseeU=kk%A lIrn'ks&fpR;kjksg.kkfneU=kk%A v"Vkn'ks&
olksèkkZjkeU=kk%A ,dksufoa'ks&lkS=kke.kh;KL; çfrikndk% eU=kk%A foa'ks&lsdklU|kfngkS=kkUrk
eU=kk%A ,dfoa'ks&;kT;kfnçs"k.kkUrk eU=kk%A }kfoa'ks&=k;ksfoa'kR;k×Ó&vk'oesfèkdk eU=kk%A
prq²o'ks&vk'oesfèkdi'kwuka nsorklEcUèkkfHkèkkf;uks eU=kk%A i×Ófoa'ks&v'okÄõ"s kq nsorkgkselEc¼k%
eU=kk% lfUrA "kM~foa'kR;è;k;knkjH; Åuf=ka'knè;k;i;ZUra f[kyeU=kk.kka lÄïyuefLrA ;Fkk
"kM~foa'ks&f[kyeU=kk%] lIrfoa'ks&i×ÓfpfrdkfXueU=kk%] v"Vkfoa'ks&lkS=kke.;ka i'kqç;ktkuq;kt&
çS"keU=kk%] ,dksufoa';ke~&v'oesèklEc¼k eU=kk% lfUrA f=ka'knè;k;s&iq#"kesèkL; o.kZue~A
,df=ka'knè;k;s&çfl¼iq#"k& lwDrefLrA }kf=ka'knè;k;s&loZeès keU=kk%A =k;fL=ka'knè;k;s&loZeès ks
iqjks#p%A prqfL=ka'knè;k;s&f'kolÄïYieU=kk%A i×Óf=ka'knè;k;s&firèsèkeU=kk%A "kV~f=ka'knè;k;s&
çoX;kZfXu&dk'oesèkks&ifu"kn~eU=kk%] lIrf=ka'knè;k;s&egkohjlEHkj.k&çks{k.kkfneU=kk%]
v"Vkf=ka'knè;k;s&egkohjfu:i.ks èkeZèkqXnksgueU=kk%] ,dksupRokfja'knè;k;s&çoX;sZ èkeZHksns
çk;f'pÙkfufeÙkk% eU=kk% lfUrA vfUrekè;k;s bZ'kkokL;ksifu"knfLrA
'kqDy;tqosZnL; dk.olafgrk;kefi pRokfja'knè;k;k% lfUr] fdUrq
eU=kkLrrks¿fèkdk%A fo"k;foospun`"V~;k mHk;=k lkE;e~ vfLrA fdUrq mHk;ks% eU=kiBus
egku~ Hksnks n`';rsA dk.ok eU=kku~ ÍXosnor~ iBfUr] ekè;fUnuk'p Lodh;ka ifjikVheuqljfUrA
iq#"ksfr dk.ok%] iq#[ksfr ekè;fUnuk% iBfUrA ,oesokU;ks¿fi egku~ Hksnks iBuifjikV~;ka
n`';rsA
Ñ".k;tqosZnL; rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;ka lIrdk.Mkfu lfUrA r=k çFkedk.ML;
çFkes çikBosQ n'kZiw.kZekleU=kk%] f}rh;çikBosQ vfXu"Vkses lkseØ;lEc¼k% eU=kk%A
r`rh;çikBosQ i'kq;kxksi;qDrk eU=kk%] prqFksZ xzg;kxlEc¼k% eU=kk%] i×pes iqujkèkkufoèkk;dk
eU=kk%] "k"Bs ;kteku&dk.Me~] lIres ;ktekuczkã.ke~] v"Ves p jktlw;eU=kk% lÄïfyrk%A
f}rh;dk.ML; çFkeçikBosQ i'kqfoèkkue~] f}rh;çikBdknkjH; i×peçikBdi;ZUra bf"Vfoèkkua
of.kZre~] "k"BçikBosQ p vof'k"VdekZfHkèkkue~ O;k[;kre~A r`rh;dk.ML; çFkes çikBosQ
U;wudekZfHkèkkua] f}rh;s ioekuxzgknhuka O;k[;kua] r`rh;s oSÑrfoèkhukefHkèkkua] prqFkZçikBosQ
bf"VgksekfHkèkkua] i×Óes bf"V'ks"kkfHkèkkua of.kZre~A prqFkZdk.ML; çFkeçikBosQ&vfXufpR;Äõ& 39

osnifjp;% eU=kikBkfHkèkkua] f}rh;s&nso;tuxzgkfHkèkkua] r`rh;s&fpfro.kZu]a prqFks&Z i×pefpfr'ks"kfu:i.ka]
i×pes&gksefofèkfu:i.ka] "k"Bs&ifj"kspulaLdkjkfHkèkkua] lIres&olksèkkZjkfnf'k‘&laLdkjkfHkèkkua
of.kZre~A i×pedk.ML; çFkeçikBosQ&m[;kfXudFkua] f}rh;s&fpR;qiØekfHkèkkua] r`rh;s&
fprhuka fu:i.ka] prqFksZ&b"Vdk=k;kfHkèkkua] i×pes&ok;O;i'ok|kuka fu:i.ka] "k"Bs&
mikuqokD;kfHkèkkua] lIres&mikuqokD;kof'k"VdeZfu:i.ka çfrikfnre~A "k"Bdk.ML; "kV~çikB&
osQ"kq lkseeU=kczkã.kfu:i.kefLrA lIredk.ML; çFkeçikBosQ&v'oesèkxreU=kk.kkefHkèkkua]
f}rh;sµ"kMª;k=kk|kuka fu:i.ka] r`rh;s l=ktkr&fu:i.ka] prqFksZ l=kdeZfu:i.ka] i×pes&
l=kfo'ks"kkfHkèkkua p of.kZrefLrA
vU;klq Ñ".k;tqosZnh;ksiyCèk'kk[kklq ,rs ,o fo"k;k% of.kZrk%A
'kqDy;tqosZnL; ekè;fUnuh;lafgrk;ka ;s"kka ;Kkuka o.kZukfu lfUr] rs"kkesok=kkfi o.kZua
fdf×pn~fHkUuLo:is.k çLrqrefLrA
3-3-3 ;tqosZnL; Í"k;%

¶vuUrk oS osnk%¸ (rS-czk-&3@10@11@4) bfr rSfÙkjh;Jqrs% ;|fi
vlÄ~[;krk% osnk% osneU=kk'p Hkos;q%] rFkkfi rRçkida æ"Vkje~ Íf"ka fouk rYykHk%
vlEHko ,oA ;Fkk p yksosQ xq#a fouk eU=kks uksiyH;rsA rLekr~ eU=kkr~ vfi eU=kL;
mins"Vk xq#% ,o vLekda çFke% rUeU=kçkidRokr~A xk;=khçHk`rhuke~ Ípka fo'okfe=kkn;%
Í"k;%] xk;=;knhfu PNUnkafl] lfo=kk|k% nsork'p ÍXosns çfl¼k%A ;tqosZns¿fi Ípka r
,o Í"k;%] rkU;so PNUnkafl] rk ,o nsork'p HkofUrA ija Ñ".k;tqeZU=kk.kka rq
¶çtkifr% lkse% vfXu% fo'osnsok% Lo;EHkw'psfr¸ i×p Í"k;ks HkofUrA Ñ".k;tqosZns
çtkiR;kn;% dk.M"kZ;% çfl¼k% lfUrA v=k bne~ mP;rs ;r~ 'kqDy;tqosZns ifBrkuka
eU=kk.kka æ"Vkj% çfl¼k Í"k; ,o] rFkk rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;k% çktkiR;kfndk.Ms"kq rÙknk"ksZ;Rosu
fufnZ"Vk% çktkiR;kn;% Íf"kn`"Vkuka eU=kk.kka LerkZj ,o u rq æ"Vkj bfrA rnqDra
dkR;k;usu lokZuqØelw=ksµ ¶Í"k;ks eU=kæ"Vkj% Le;rkZj% ikjes"B~;kn;%¸ bfrA rLeknso
dkj.kkr~ rSfÙkjh;lafgrk vk"ksZ;ikBfoHkkxkuqlkja i×pdk.Ms"kq foHkDrk n`';rsA
ija 'kqDy;tqosZns ,rkn`'kh O;oLFkk ukfLrA r=k ;|fi x|&i|;ks% feJ.ka
orZr]s rFkkfi çdj.kkuqlkje~ lokZuØq elw=kL; vè;;usu bna Kkra Hkofr ;r~µn'kZi.w kZekleU=kk.kka
ijes"Bh çtkifrÍZf"k%] vXU;kèks;a çtkirsjk"kZe~] vfXugks=ka çtkirsjk"kZe~] pkrqekZL;kfu
çtkirsjk"kZe]~ vfXu"Vkse% çtkirsjk"k±] oktis;ks c`gLirsjk"k±] jktlw;ks o#.kL;k"k±] pjdlkS=kke.kh
vf'ouksjk"k±] çFkek fpfr% çtkirs%] f}rh;k fpfr% nsokuka] r`rh;k fpfr% bUækXU;ks%
fo'odeZ.k%] prqFkhZ fpfr% Í"kh.kka] i×Óeh fpfr% ijesf"Bu%] jkSækè;k;% ijesf"B&çtkirsjk"k±]
lkS=kke.;% çtkirsjk"kZe~] v'oesèk% çtkirsjk"k±] iq#"kesèk% ukjk;.kk"k±] loZeès ka czã Lo;HoS{kr~]
'kkUR;è;k;L; nè;ÄõkFkoZ.k% Íf"k%] bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn% czãk Íf"k%A ,oeqDrçdkjs.k
;Kkuq"Bkun`"V~;k ijes"B~;knhuke`f"kRoa O;ofLFkre~A r=k dfri;kuka eU=kk.kka æ"Vkjks Í"k;ks
fo'okfe=kkn;% ÍXoSfndk Í"k;ks¿fi lUR;soA vusu foospusu bna LiqQVa Hkofr ;r~ ;s"kka
eU=kk.kka æ"Vkj% vU;=k vçfl¼k% rs"kka v=kR;dk.Me;kZnksDra çtkiR;k|k"ksZ;Roe~ ,osR;FkkZr~
lEi|rsA
40
cksèkç'u% ;tqonZs lafgrk
1- ;tq%'kCnL;kFk± fy[krA
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2- 'kqDy;tqosZnh;&ekè;fUnulafgrk;ka dfr vè;k;k% dfr eU=kk'p lfUr\

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3- ;tqosZnL; o.;Zfo"k;% d%\

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4- ;tqosZnL; dfr'kk[kk% lfUr\ miyCèkkuka 'kk[kkuka ukekfu fy[krA

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5- n'kZiw.kZekleU=kk.kka d% Íf"k%\
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3-4 ;tqosZnL; fof'k"Vk vè;k;k%

;|fi ;tqosZnL; 'kqDyÑ".k;ks#Hk;ks% lEçnk;;ks% çfrfufèkHkwr;ks% oktlusf;&
rSfÙkjh;lafgr;ks'p losZ¿fi vè;k;k% osQufpr~ oSf'k"V~;su fof'k"Vk% lfUr] rFkkfi 'kkL=ks"kq
dL;fpnfi fo'ks"k.kL; f=kfoèk% ç;ksx% n`';rsA r|Fkk ^mPp%* bfr fo'ks"k.kinL;
¶mPprj%¸ ^mPpre%* bfr p rji~&rei~&çR;;;ks% ç;ksxs.k f=kfoèkRoa fln~è;frA
r}nso v=kkfi fof'k"Vk%] fof'k"Vrjk% fof'k"Vrek'psfr =kSfoè;a HkforqegZfrA ija rji~&rei~&
çR;;;ks% ç;ksxs.k fouk fo"k;çfriknun`"V~;k cgqfoèkoSf'k"VÔ;qrkuke~ vè;k;kuka fo"k;s
la{ksis.kk=k fdf×pnqP;rsA
;tqonZs lafgrk;k% lexz"s kq vè;k;s"kq JkSr;Kkuka ;KlEcfUèkfØ;kdykikuka p o.kZukfu
lfUrA r=k 'kriFkczkã.kL; opukuqlkja ^;Kks oS Js"Brea deZ* vFkkZr~ dekZdeZfodekZfn"kq
Js"Brea deZ ;Kkuq"BkuesoA rL; p ;KL; JkSr&LekrZ:ia f}foèka Lo:iefLrA r=ksneqP;rs
41

osnifjp;% ehekaloSQ%&Jqfrçfrikfnrk% ;s ;Kk% rs JkSr;Kk% bR;qP;UrsA Jqfr'kCnsu p eU=k&czkã.kknhuka
cksèkks HkofrA lafgrkxzUFks"kq czkã.kxzUFks"kq p ;s"kka ;Kkuka fofèkfoèkkukU;qiyH;Urs rs JkSr;Kk%A
rs"kka JkSr;Kkuka bf"V&i'kq&lkseHksnsu p =kSfoè;a eq[;a Lo:ie~ vLekda le{kek;kfrA
lokZlkfe"Vhuka çÑfr% n'kZiw.kZeklkS Lr%A vU;k b"V;% n'kiw.kZekl;ks% mDrkuka èkekZ.kke~
vuqlj.ka oqQoZfUrA losZ"kka i'kq;kxkuka çÑfr% fu:<i'kqcUèk%A rFkk p losZ"kka lkse;kxkuka
çÑfr% vfXu"Vkse%A
mi;qDZ rfoospukuqlkja n'kiw.kZekls"VsfoZèkkua 'kqDy;tqonZs lafgrk;k% çFkef}rh;kè;k;;ks%
orZrs] rLekr~ rkS fof'k"VkSA fu:<i'kqcUèk% bf"V&lkseksHk;kRed% rLekr~ vL; o.kZua
lkse;kxçdj.keè;s 'kqDy;tqosZnL; i×pe&"k"Bkè;k;;ks% orZrsA 'kqDy;tqosZnL;
prqFkkZè;k;knkjH; v"Vekè;k;i;ZUre~ vfXu"VkselaKdL; ;kxL; o.kZuefLrA vfXugks=k&
pkrqekZL;knhuka r`rh;s vè;k;s o.kZue~A rLekr~ çFkekè;k;kr~ v"Vekè;k;i;ZUrkuka oSf'k"V~;e~
vLR;soA brks fHkUu% "kksM'kkè;k;% #ælwDrukEuk [;kr%A }kfoa'kR;è;k;kr~ prq²o'kR;è;k;a
;kor~ v'oesèkL; o.kZua orZrAs v'oesèkkuUrja f=ka'kÙkes¿è;k;s iq#"kesèkL; pA v'oesèkiq#"kesèk;ks%
;K;ks% egÙoa cgqJqrefLr rLekÙks¿fi vè;k;k% fof'k"Vk%A ,df=ka'kÙkes vè;k;s çfl¼a
iq#"klwDre~ of.kZre~A }kf=ka'kÙkeks¿è;k;% czãlwDrukEuk] "kV~f=ka'kÙkeks¿è;k;% 'kkUR;è;k;su]
pRokfja'kÙke'p bZ'kksifu"kn~:is.k fof'k"V% orZrsA vkgR; 1&8] 16] 22&24] 30&32]
36] 40 vè;k;k% fof'k"Vk% lfUrA ,oeso czãlEçnk;L; çfrfufèkHkwrk;ka rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;ka
lIrdk.Ms"kq çikBdkuqokdfoHkkxk% lfUrA r=k çikBduked% foHkkx% vè;k;incksèkd%
rnuqlkjs.k çFkedk.ML; v"Vlq çikBosQ"kq&n'kZikS.kZekl&vfXu"Vkse&i'kq;kxk% of.kZrk%A
f}rh;dk.Ms i'kqfoèkkuknhfu bf"Vfoèkkukfu p of.kZrkfu lfUrA lIredk.Ms p
v'oesèkxreU=kk.kkefHkèkkuefLrA ,oeqDrfoospusu çFkef}rh;&lIredk.Mkfu fof'k"Vkfu
r=kkfi ;kxØes.k dfri;s vè;k;k% fof'k"Vk% lUrhfr voxUrO;e~A
mi;qZDrsu foospusu bneso Kk;rs ;r~ ;tqosZnL; lkEçreqiyH;ekuklq 'kk[kklq
ekè;fUnurSfÙkjh;;ks% ijLija oSf'k"V~;efLrA ekè;fUnu'kk[kk;k% çpkj% mÙkjHkkjrs
rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;k'p nf{k.kHkkjrs çpkjks n`';rsA rLeknsr;ks% lafgr;ks% fof'k"Vkè;k;kuka
ppkZ v=k çLrqrkA U;wukfèkdesoeso vU;klq 'kk[kkLofi KkrO;e~A
cksèkç'u%
6- 'kqDy;tqosZnL; osQ osQ vè;k;k% fof'k"Vk% lfUr\
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7- fof'k"Vkè;k;kuka oSf'k"V~;a dFkeLrhfr\ Li"VhfØ;rke~A

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42
8- n'kZiw.kZeklL; o.kZua osQ"oè;k;s"kq orZrs\ ;tqonZs lafgrk
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9- 'kqDy;tqosZnL; "kV~f=ka'kÙke% vè;k;% dFka fof'k"V%\

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3-5 ;tqosZnL; Hkk";dkjk%

;tqosZnL; 'kqDyÑ".k;ks% lEçnk;;ks% ;s Hkk";dkjk% lfUr] rs"kka fo"k;s v=k i`FkÄ~
funsZ'ksu ppkZ% fØ;UrsA r|Fkkµ
1- 'kqDy;tqosZnL; Hkk";dkjk%
'kqDy;tqosZnL;kfi lkEçra ekè;fUnudk.olaKosQ }s 'kk[ks miyCèks Lr%A r=k
çFkea ekè;fUnulafgrk;k% Hkk";dkjk.kka ifjp;ks nh;rsA
(d) ekè;fUnulafgrk;k% Hkk";dkjk%

(i) mOoV%
v;a xqtjZ ns'kL; vkuUniqjokLrO;L; otzVukedL; fonq"k% iq=k% osn'kkL=kL;
ewèkZU;ks fo}ku~ vklhr~A l LoukEuk ,o Hkk";a Ñroku~ ;r~ vèkqukfi
vLekfHk% iB~;rsA vL; uke Dofpr~ ^vkScV%* DofpPp ^moV* bfr
iB~;rsA lqèkklkxjdkjs.k HkhelsusuksDra ;n;eqOoV% tS;Viq=kL; eEeVL;
Hkzkrk vfLrA fdUrq mOoVL; Hkk";s"kq i|};a Le;Zrsµ
Í";knha'p iqjLÑR; voUR;keqoVks olu~A
eU=kHkk";fena pozsQ Hkksts jk"Vªa ç'kklfrAA
rFkk pµ
vkuUniqjokLrO;otzVk[;L; lwuqukA
eU=kHkk";fena DyÌra Hkksts i`Foha ç'kklfrAA bfrA
,rsu i|};su ^mOoV* otzVL; iq=kks Hkkstjktledkfyd'psfr çfrik|rsA
rfgZ HkhelsuksDrjhR;k tS;Viq=kL; eEeVL; Hkzkrk ;fn v;eqOoVks HkosPpsr~
r=k firqukZfEu fojksèkks HkofrA r=k ;r% rL; T;s"BHkzkrqeZEeVL;
HkkstjktknokZDruRos fLFkrs rRdfu"BHkzkrq% mOoVL; lqrjka HkkstjktknokZDruRoa
fl¼ÔfrA HkkstL; dfotufç;Roa çfl¼e~A HkkstL; jktèkkuh ^mTtf;uh*
bR;klhr~A HkkstL; dky% 1018 bZlohr% 1063 bZ- orZrsA HkkstL;
ledkfydRokr~ mOoVL;kfi dky% ,dkn'k'krdL; iwokZ¼Zs ,o fl¼~;frA 43

osnifjp;% vL; Hkk";a y?o{kjefi vrho çksToya ljya çkekf.kd×pkfLrA
vusdeU=kk.kkekè;kfRedks¿FkZ% rsu nf'kZr% orZrsA
(ii) eghèkj%
vkpk;ZeghèkjL; tUe fo}Ttulsfork;ka xkSreçHk`rhuka Í"kh.kka HkwekS
dk';keHkwr~A ukxjczkã.koa'kh;ks fo}ku~ v;eklhr~A dk';keso vè;;ua
foèkk; fo}f‰% lekn`r% dfri;xzUFkku~ fojP; dk'khujirs% lHkk;ka
xRok jktkJ;a çkI; osnnhiukek ;tqHkkZ";a jfproku~A vusu mOoVHkk";eèkhR;
fu#Dr&JkSrlw=k&czkã.kxzUFka voyEC; ;kfKdfØ;k;k% foèkkua cksèkxE;rka
uhre~A rnqDra rsu osnnhiHkk";kjEHksµ
ç.kE; y{eha u`gfja x.ks'ka Hkk";a foyksD;kSOoVekèkoh;e~A
;tqeZuwuka fofy[kkfe pkFk± ijksidkjk; futs{k.kk;AA bfrA
vusu eÄõykpj.ksu LiqQVa ;Ueghèkj% mOoVkr~ vokZphu%A eghèkjs.k
êU=kegksnfèk%* ukek ,d% xzUFk% 1588 bZ'koh;s ç.khr%A rsu vL;
dky% "kksM'k'krdL; eè;s fl¼~;frA v;a fg oS".kokpk;Z% rU=kjgL;K%
oSfndlkfgR;ikjÄõe'pklhr~A v;×p çfrHkkoku~ çHkkook¡'p fo}kuklhr~A
osneU=kk.kkekfèk;kfKdkFkZ% rsu nf'kZr%A
([k) dk.olafgrkHkk";e~
(i) lk;.kkpk;Z%
vkpk;Zlk;.kks fot;uxjlaLFkkidL; egkjktcqDdL; egkjktgfjgjL;
p vekR;% lsukuh p vklhr~A v;a oSfndlkfgR;L; ;FkkFkZosÙkk vklhr~A
lk;.kkpk;sZ.k lEiw.kZdk.olafgrk;ka LoHkk";eysf[kA vL; Hkk";L;
jpukdky% prqnZ'k'krkCns#Ùkjk¼Z ,o eUrqa 'kD;rsA futT;s"BHkzk=kk
ekèkokpk;sZ.k çsfjrks HkwRok osnHkk";jpuk;ke~ vL; ço`fÙkjHkor~A rLekr~
lk;.kHkk";a êkèkoh;* ukEuk fo'ofoJqre~ vfLrA vL; fo"k;s fo}kal%
,oa dFk;fUr ;r~µ ôsnkuka iq.;çd"kZ ,o ewrksZ HkwRok lk;.kkReuk
çdVhHkwr%* bfrA inokD;çek.k&ikjkokjikjh.k% lk;.kkpk;Z% çfrHkkoku~
çHkkooka'p fo}kuklhr~A
(ii) gyk;qèk%
lk;.kkr~ iwooZ frZ"kq çèkkukpk;s"Z kq gyk;qèk ,o dk.olafgrkefèkÑR; Lofof'k"Va
Hkk";e~ jfproku~A vL; Hkk";L; uke ^czkã.kloZLoe~* bfr vfLrA
gyk;qèksu Hkk";kjEHks Loh;a o`Ùka la{ksis.k fyf[kre~A rsu Kkrks Hkofr ;r~
caxçns'kL; vfUrefgUnwuìrs% lqçfl¼y{e.klsuL; O;ogkje.Mis
èkekZfèkdkfj.k% xkSjoiw.kZins¿;a çfrf"Br vklhr~A ckY;dkys ,ok;a
jktif.Mrks¿Hkor~A v;a y{e.klsuL; ledkfyd vklhr~A y{e.klsuL;&
dky% 1170&1200 bZ'koh fo|rs] gyk;qèk% çfl¼ks oSfndfo}ku~
44 vklhr~A v;a 'kSon'kZukpk;Z%] osn& ehekalkeeZK%] vkxeikjÄõe'pklhr~A
vL; i×pxzUFkk% furkUrçkS<k% çfl¼k'pklu~A rs"kq i×pxzUFks"kq ;tqonZs lafgrk
^czkã.kloZLoe~* uked% çFke% xzUFk% bfr Jw;rsA
(iii) vuUrkpk;Z%
v;a fg oSfndfo}ku~ ekèooS".ko% lk;.kkr~ ijofrZHkk";dkj vklhr~A
vL; dky% "kksM'k'krdL;ksÙkjk¼Z% fu'ph;rsA vusu dk.olafgrk;k%
mÙkjk¼ksZifj LoHkk";a jfpre~A vL; Hkk";ksifj eghèkjL; Li"VPNk;k
çrhrk HkofrA v;a 'kqDy;tq%çkfr'kk[;L;kI;sdka Vhdka fujekr~A
(iv) vkuUncksèkHkV~Vksikè;k;%
vL; fonq"k% dk.olafgrk;k% ,df=ka'knè;k;kr~ vkjH; pRokfja'kr~
vè;k;i;Z U rL; prq F kZ n 'kdL; Hkk";e~ ,o miyCèka HkofrA
xzUFkkUriqf"idkuqlkjs.k oklqnos &iqjh&fuoklh prqonZs h;% tkrosnHkV~Vksikè;k;&
L; iq=k% v;e~ vklhr~A vusu LoHkk";s nsork&Íf"k&NUn%çHk`rhuka
funsZ'ksu lg ;KijdeU=kk.kka fofu;ksxks¿fi fufnZ"V%A vL; Hkk"kk¿fi
cksèkxE;k vfLr] 'kSyh vfi ljyk LoPNk psfr orZrsA vL; Hkk";ksifj
mOoVL; çHkkoks n`';rsA vusukfi czkã.kxzUFkkukeq¼j.kkfu Loh;s Hkk";s
nÙkkfuA rFkk Dofpr~ Loh;k ekSfydrkjfi çnf'kZrkA
2- Ñ".k;tqosZnh;&rSfÙkjh;Hkk";dkjk%
Ñ".k;tqosZnL; miyCèkklq vuqiyCèkklq p 'kk[kklq rSfÙkjh;'kk[kk çèkku'kk[kk¿fLrA
rLekr~ ;=k oqQ=kkfi osnfo"kf;.kh ppkZ orZr]s r=k loZ=k Ñ".k;tqonZs L; rSfÙkjh;'kk[kk;k
,o çèkkurk n`';rsA vr ,o v=k osQoya rSfÙkjhlafgrk;k Hkk";dkjk.kka fo"k;s ,o
fy[;rsA
(i) oqQf.Mu%
oqQf.Muks uke Hkk";dkjs"kq x.;rs ije~ vLekde~ vuqØe.;ke~ ¶;L;k%
inÑnk=ks;ks o`fÙkdkjLrq oqQf.Mu%¸ bR;qfDr% yH;rsA vu;k mDR;k
oqQf.Mu% o`fÙkdkj vklhfnR;so fl¼ks HkofrA rFkkfi v;e~ dks¿fi
çkphu% vkpk;Z ,osfr çekf.krks HkofrA
(ii) HkoLokeh
HkoLokeh uke df'pr~ vkpk;Z% rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;k% Hkk";a ç.khroku~ bfr
ckSèkk;u&ç;ksxlkj&ukedxzUFkL;kjfEHkdHkkxs osQ'koLokfeuk çksDre~A
r|Fkkµ¶HkoLokfe&erkuqlkfj.kk e;k rq mHk;eÄõhÑR; ç;ksxlkj% fØ;rsA¸
vusu opusu vL; Hkk";dkjRoa fl¼~;frA ija iwokZpk;kZ.kka fo"k;s
fdefi Kkrqa çek.kkHkkoks Hkofr] ;rLrS% u Dokfi Loh;a ifjp;kfnda
fofyf[kre~A
(iii) xqgnso%
nsojkt;Tok fu#DrHkk";dkj% LoHkk";kjEHks ,o xqgnsoa Hkk";dkjRosu 45

osnifjp;% Le`roku~A rsu xqgnsoukek df'pr~ fo}ku~ rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;k Hkk";dkj
vklhr~A vkpk;Zjkekuqtks¿fi osnkFkZlÄ~xzgk[;s LoxzUFks xqgnsoa LejfrA
vrks¿L; le;a foØek"Ve'krda uoe'krda osfr vusoQs fo}kal% dYi;fUrA
(iv) vkpk;Z{kqj%
ekèkoh;kèkkrqo`ÙkkS lk;.kkpk;sZ.k ¶;Fkk =k; ,uka efgeku% lpUrs¸ bR;=k
{kqjHkV~VHkk"djh;;ks% lpUrs leUrs bfr (rS-la-&4@3@22)A vfLeu~
funsZ'ks {kqjL; uke HkV~VHkk"djkRiwoZe~ mfYyf[krefLrA rsu çrh;rs ;n;a
rSfÙkjh;lafgrkHkk";dkj% HkV~VHkk"djkr~ iwoZorhZ vklhr~A
(v) HkV~VHkk"dj%
HkV~VHkk"djfeJ% rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;keqifj Kku;Kukeda Hkk";a jfproku~A
vusu fonq"kk çek.kiqj%lja] yqIrçk;fu?k.VqxUz FkL;ks¼j.ka laxá
` ] oSfndeU=kk.kka
m¼j.ka lÄïyÕ;&vkfèk;kfKd&vkfèkHkkSfrd&vkè;kfRedfefr i{k=k;ekfJR;
fo}Ùkkiw.k± Hkk";a Ñre~A ^g¤l%* vL; galinL; f=kfoèkk O;k[;k
;Fkkµ vfèk;Ki{ks¾gfUr i`fFkohfefr gal%] vfèknSoi{ks¾vkfnR;% rFkk
vè;kRei{ks galinL;kFkZ% vkRek Ñr% vusuA vrks¿L; Hkk";L;
oSfndlkfgR;s vrho egÙoe~ vfLrA vL; dky% foØeL;Sdkn'k'krde~
vÄõhdrq± 'kD;rsA
(vi) lk;.kkpk;Z%
lk;.kkpk;ZLrq loZçFkee~ vL;keso lafgrk;keqifj LoHkk";a ç.khroku~A
;rLrq rSfÙkjh;'kk[kk lk;.kL; Lo'kk[kk vklhr~A lk;.kkpk;ZL; ifjp;%
dk.olafgrkHkk";dkjs"kq mDr% rLekn=k iquuZ fy[;rsA
3-6 lkjka'k%
;tqonZs % deZdk.Mçèkku%] prq"kqZ osn"s kq yksdfç;%] prqfoZèkiq#"kkFkZL; lkèkd'pkfLrA
vèo;qZukeosQu ÍfRotk lEc¼% vèojs.k ;Ksu ;qDrks¿fLrA ;tqosZns x|kRedkuka eU=kk.kke~
vkfèkD;efLrA rLekr~ ^vfu;rk{kjkolkuks ;tq%*] ^x|kRedks ;tq%* bR;k|k% ifjHkk"kk%
'kkL=ks"kwiyH;UrsA vL; osnL; nsork ok;qjfLr rLekr~ ;n;a ok;q% tofr xfra djksfr
r|tqfjR;qP;rsA ;tqosZnL; }kS lEçnk;kS czã&vkfnR;:ikS Lr%A czãlEçnk;% Ñ".k;tqosZnsu]
vkfnR;lEçnk;'p 'kqDy;tqosZnsu [;krks¿fLrA czãlEçnk;L; çfrfufèk:ik rSfÙkjh;lafgrk
rFkk p vkfnR;lEçnk;L; çfrfufèk:ik ekè;fUnuh;lafgrk vfLrA ekè;fUnuh;lafgrk;ka
40 vè;k;k% 1975 eU=kk'p lfUr] rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;ka lIrdk.Mkfu] 44 çikBdkfu]
651 vuqokdk%] 2198 eU=kk'p lfUrA
'kqDy;tqonZs L; ekè;fUnuh;lafgrk;ka n'kZi.w kZeklkS] vfXugks=ka] pkrqekZL;e~] vfXu"Vkse%]
fu:<i'kqcUèk%] p;u;kx%] lkS=ke.kh] v'oesèk%] oktis;%] jktlw;%] iq#"kesèk%] loZeès kknhuka
;Kkuka o.kZukfu p lfUrA vfUrekè;k;'p bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kæwis.k O;ofLFkrks¿fLrA ,oeso
rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;ka n'kZiw.kZeklkfXu"Vksekn;'p of.kZrk% lfUrA 'kqDy;tqosZnL; czkã.kHkkx%
46 i`Fko~Q 'kriFkczkã.ke~ bfr vfLr] ija Ñ".k;tqosZns czkã.kkfu eU=kS% lg ;qDrkU;so lfUrA
O;klf'k";s"kq oS'kE;k;usukL; vè;;ua Ñre~A oS'kEik;uf'k";k ,o frfÙkj;% ;tqonZs lafgrk
;kKoYD;kn;'pklu~A ;kKoYD;% rikscysu vkfnR;kr~ osnku~ vèkhroku~ bfr Jw;rsA
;tqosZneU=kk.kka æ"Vkjks Í"k;% r ,o lfUr ;s ÍXosneU=kk.kka æ"Vkj%A ijURo=k
;kfKdfØ;klEiknuk; ;kr;kerknks"kfuokj.kk; p ijes"B~;kn;% Í"k;% mDrk% lfUrA
;rksfg ;Fkk ÍXosns Í"kh.kka n`"V~;k eU=kk% O;ofLFkrk% rFkk v=k u lfUrA v=k rq
;KefHky{; eU=kk% lÄïfyrk% lfUrA rLekr~ ;L; ;KL; ;ks Íf"k% çoDrk] rfLeu~
;KçlÄõs ç;qDrkuka eU=kk.kka l ,o Íf"k% O;ofLFkrks¿fLrA ;Fkk n'kZiw.kZekl&eU=kk.kka
ijes"Bh çtkifrÍZf"k%] vXU;kèks;a çtkirsjk"kZe~] vfXugks=ke~] pkrqekZL;kfu] vfXu"Vksek% p
çtkirsjk"kZe~ bfrA ,oeso ;Kn`"V~;k Í"kh.kke~ vk"kZRoa O;ofLFkre~A rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;kefi
vk"ksZ;Roa fuxfnre~A vk"ksZ;Rosu r=k i×pdk.Mkfu fufnZ"VkfuA r|Fkkµ çktkiR;a dk.Me~]
lkSE;a dk.Me~] vkXus;a dk.Me~] oS'onsoa dk.Me~] Lok;EHkqoa dk.Mfefr Hksnkr~A
;tqosZnL; fof'k"Vs"kq vè;k;s"kq ;KLo:in`"V~;k bf"V&i'kq&lkse&Øes.k O;oLFkk%
dfYirk%A rnuq çFkekè;k;knkjH; v"Vekè;k;i;ZUrk% fof'k"Vk%] rr% ija 'kr#fæ;gkse:is.k
"kksM'kkè;k;%] v'oesèklEc¼k% }kfoa'kfrr% prq²o'kR;è;k;k%] iq#"kesèkloZesèkn`"V~;k&
f=ka'knè;k;kr~ }kf=ka'knè;k;k%] 'kkUR;è;k;:is.k "kV~¯=k'kÙkeks¿è;k;%] bZ'kksifu"kæwi%
pRokfja'kÙkeks¿è;k;% p fof'k"V bR;qDr%A
;tqosZnL; Hkk";dkjs"kq lk;.kkpk;Z% [kyq prq..kk± osnkuka Hkk";a Ñroku~A 'kqDyL;&
mOoV%] eghèkj%] lk;.k%] gyk;qèk%] vuUrkpk;Z%] vkuUncksèkHkV~Vksikè;k;k'pA rSfÙkjh;&
lafgrk;k% o`fÙkdkj% oqQf.Mu%&HkoLokeh] xqgnso%] vkpk;Z{kqj%] HkV~VHkk"djfeJ%] lk;.kkpk;kZ'p
çkeq[;su fufnZ"Vk%A
3-7 'kCnkoyh
1- czkã.ke~ µ foèkk;da okD;a czkã.ke~A ;=k eU=kksDrkuka
foèkkukfu HkofUr rn~ czkã.kfefrA
2- ÍfRot% µ JkSr;KL; foèkkukfu ;s tkufUr rs ÍfRotks
HkofUrA
3- 'kk[kk µ f'k";&çf'k";&ijEij;k vusdfoèkk% çpfyrk%
osnkè;;uijEijk% ^'kk[kk* insu O;ofß;UrsA
4- rSfÙkjh;% µ frfÙkfj&ukEuk vkpk;sZ.k ijEij;k çl`r%A
5- n'kZikS.kZekl% µ n'kZ ' kCn% vekokL;kokph] iw . kZ ' kCn'p
iwf.kZekokph rLekr~ Ñ".ki{ks 'kqDyi{ks p
fØ;ek.ka deZ n'kZikS.kZekl bR;qP;rsA
6- vfXugks=ke~ µ vXukS gw;rs bfr vfXugks=ke~A
7- lkse;kx% µ lkseks uke yrk fo'ks"k%] rsu ;tua ;=k Hkofr
rr~ lkse;kx% bR;qP;rsA
8- esèk% µ esè;rs nhO;rs bR;lkS esèk%A 47

osnifjp;% 9- iq#"k% µ iqfj='kjhjs] 'ksrs=fr"Brhfr iq#"k% îqfj'k;%*A
10- vèo;qZ% µ vèoj bfr ;Ki;kZ;%] ra vèoja ;qufDr=
;kst;fr bfr vèo;qZ%A v;a fg ÍfRot~
JkSr;kxL; usrk HkofrA
11- mins"Vk% µ ;% mins'ka djksfr l mins"Vk=xq#% HkofrA
12- Lo;EHkw% µ Lo;eso mRiUuks Hkorhfr Lo;EHkw%A
13- vk"ksZ;% µ ;% eU=kk.kka Lej.ka djks f r dLeS f pr~
deZçfriknuk; l vk"ksZ;%A
14- çfrfufèk% µ çèkkuRosu mi;qT;eku% çfrfufèkfjR;qP;rsA
15- JkSr;K% µ Jqfrfjfr osn'kCnL; i;kZ;%] JqrkS ;L; ;KL;
foèkkuefLr r|K% JkSr;K bR;qP;rsA
3-8 lUnHkZxzUFk%
Øela- xzUFkukekfu laik-@ys[kd%@ çdk'kue~ o"kZe~
Hkk";dkj%
1- 'kqDy;tqosZnlafgrk ia- txnh'kyky'kkL=kh eksrhykycukjlhnkl 1987
okjk.klh
2- 'kq-;-dk.olafgrk Jhiknnkeksnj lkroysdj% Lokè;k;e.My ikjMh prqFkZ la-
3- Ñ-;-rSfÙkjh;lafgrk Jhiknnkeksnj lkroysdj% Lokè;k;e.My ikjMh prqFkZ la-
4- 'kqDy;tqosZnlafgrk ewyek=ke~ ukxçdk'kd] fnYyh 1997
5- 'kriFkczkã.ke~ lk;.kkpk;Z% ukxçdk'kd] fnYyh 1990
6- oSfndokÄ~e;& vk- txnh'kpUæfeJ% pkS-lqj- çdk'kue~] 1989
L;sfrgkl% okjk-
7- oSfndokÄ~e;& JhjekdkUr 'kkL=kh pkS- fo|k- okjk- 1970
L;sfrgkl%
8- laLÑrokÄ~e; dk Jhcynso mikè;k; mÙkjçns'klaLÑrlaLFkku 1996
c`gn~ bfrgkl (osn[k.M) y[kuÅ
3-9 lgk;dxzUFk%
1- dkR;k;u& MkW- euksgjykyf}osnh jk"Vªh;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] 1988
;Ki¼frfoe'kZ% fnYyh
2- vfXu"Vkse& MkW- ukjk;.knÙk'kekZ vejxzUFkifCyosQ'kUl] 2002
;Ki¼frfoe'kZ%
3- ÍXHkk";Hkwfedk txUUkkFkikBd% pkS-lqj- çdk- okjk- 1991
48
4- iq#"kesèk;KL; MkW- lqUnjukjk;.k >k lR;e~ ifCy- fnYyh 2006 lkeosnlafgrk
leh{kkReda
vè;;ue~
5- dkrh;sf"Vnhid% MkW- lqUnjukjk;.k >k lR;e~ ifCy- fnYyh 2008
1- ^;tq;Ztrs%* bR;usu ;kLdopusu ;su eU=ks.k bUæknhuka lRdkjHkkoua
;tua Hkofr rn~ ;tq% bfrA vU;k vfi ifjHkk"kk% feyfUrA ;Fkkµ
^vfu;rk{kjkolkuks ;tq%*] ^x|kRedks ;tq%*] ^'ks"ks ;tq%* bR;kn;%A
2- 'kqDy;tqonZs h;ekè;fUnulafgrk;ka 40 vè;k;k% 1975 eU=kk'p lfUrA
3- ;tqosZnL; o.;Zfo"k;% deZdk.Me~ bfr vfLrA
4- 'kqDyL; ;tq"k% i×pn'k'kk[kk%] Ñ".kL; p "kM'khfr'kk[kk% lfUrA ije~
bnkuha 'kqDy;tq"k% ekè;fUnudk.osfr }s 'kk[ks] Ñ".k;tq"k'p ^rSfÙkjh;]
eS=kk;.kh] dB] dfi"BydB* bfr prÏ% 'kk[kk% miyCèkk% lfUrA
5- n'kZiw.kZekleU=kk.kka ijes"Bh çtkifr% Íf"k% vfLrA
6- 'kqDy;tqosZnL; çFkekè;k;kr~ v"Vekè;k;i;ZUrk%] "kksM'kreks¿è;k;%]
}kfoa'kR;è;k;kr~ prq²o'kR;è;k;i;ZUrk%] f=ka'knè;k;kr~ }kf=ka'knè;k;i;ZUrk%]
"kV~f=ka'kÙkeks¿è;k;% vfUrekè;k;'p fof'k"Vk% lfUrA
7- mi;qZDrs"kq fof'k"Vkè;k;s"kq rs"kkeso vè;k;kuka lÄïyuefLr ;s"kq
bf"V&i'kq&lkse&v'oesèk&iq#"kesèk&'kkfUr&bZ'kksifu"kPp O;k[;krk% lfUrA
;r% ;tqosZnLrq deZdk.Mçèkku% rLekr~ v=k deZdk.Mn`"V~;k ,o
eU=kk% lÄïfyrk% lfUrA
8- n'kZiw.kZeklL; o.kZua 'kqDy;tq"k% çFkef}rh;kè;k;;ks% orZrsA
9- 'kqDy;tqosZnL; "kV~f=ka'kÙkeks¿è;k;% 'kkUR;è;k;ukEuk [;krks¿fLrA deZlq
U;wukfèkdRoe~] KkrkKkrnks"kkn;'p HkoUR;so rs"kka ektZuk; 'kkfUrikB%
vko';d%A
3-11 vH;klç'uk%
1- ;tqosZnL; 'kqDyRo&Ñ".kRo;ks% ¯d dkj.ke~\ Li"VhfØ;rke~A
2- rSfÙkjh;'kk[kk;ka 44 çikBosQ"kq osQ osQ fo"k;k% of.kZrk%\ deZukekfu
fy[krA
3- ;tqosZns o.;Z&fo"k;L; çfriknua oqQ#rA
4- oLrqfu"Bç'uk%µ
1- O;klL; dfr f'k";k% vklu~\ dkfu p rs"kka ukekfu\
49
2- vkfnR;lEçnk;L;kè;srk d%\
osnifjp;% 3- 'kqDy;tqosZns dR;è;k;k% dfreU=kk'p lfUr\
4- rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;ke~ vk"ksZ;Øes dfr dk.Mkfu\ dkfu p rkfu\
5- 'kqDy;tqosZnL; ,df=ka'kÙkes¿è;k;s ¯d of.kZre~\
6- rSfÙkjh;lafgrk;ke~ dR;uqokdk% lfUr\
7- ;kKoYD;% dL; iq=k vklhr~\
8- 'kqDyL; ;tq"k% dfr'kk[kk% mDrk%\
9- Ñ".kL; ;tq"k% dfr'kk[kk% miyCèkk% lfUr\
10- O;klf'k";s"kq ;tqosZnL; vè;srk d% vklhr~\
w
50
prqFkZ% ikB% (lkeosnlafgrk) lkeosnlafgrk
ikBlajpuk
4-1 çLrkouk
4-2 mís';e~
4-3 lkeosnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%
4-3-1 ^lkeu~* 'kCnkFkZ%
4-3-2 lkeosnL; egÙoe~
4-3-3 lkeosnL; çfrik|fo"k;%
4-3-4 lkeosnL; eU=kla[;kfopkj%
4-3-5 lkeosnL; Í"k;%
4-3-6 lkeosnL; 'kk[kk%
cksèkç'u%
4-4 lkexkue~
4-4-1 lkexkui¼fr%
cksèkç'u%
4-5 lkeosnL; Hkk";dkjk%
cksèkç'u%
4-6 lkjka'k%
4-7 'kCnkoyh
4-8 lUnHkZxzUFk%
4-9 lgk;dxzUFk%
4-11 vH;klç'uk%
4-1 çLrkouk
vkpk;ZçFkeo"kZL; i×pei=ks laLÑrokÄ~e;L;sfrgkl% Hkkjrh;k laLÑfr'psfr
loZlkekU;% ikBÔØeks fuèkkZfjr%A r=k oSfndokÄ~e;L;sfrgkls osnifjp;k[;s [k.Ms prqFk±
ikBa Hkoku~ vè;s";frA br% iwo± ÍXosnlafgrk;k% ;tqosZnlafgrk;k'p fo"k;s Hkork
lE;Dr;k lo± ifBre~A bnkuha ,rfLeu~ ikBs Hkoku~ lkeu~ 'kCnL; vFkZKkuiqjLlja
lkeosnlafgrk;k% ,sfrgkflda fooj.ka ;Kkfn"kq nsokuka izlknus Lojknhuka ekgkRE;a p
ifB";frA
4-2 mís';e~
Ø lkeosnL; ifjp;a oDrqa 'k{;frA
Ø lkeosnL; o.;Zfo"k;L; çfriknua drq± çHkfo";frA
Ø lkexkufoèkkukfu fu:if;rqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA
Ø lkeosnL; 'kk[kkHksnku~ çn'kZf;raq {keks Hkfo";frA
51

osnifjp;% Ø lkeosnL; egÙoçfriknus n{kks Hkfo";frA
Ø lkexkufoèkhuka o.kZua drq± 'k{;frA
Ø lIrLojk.kka ifjp;a izkIL;frA
Ø LojfoKkuL; egÙoa cksèkf;rqa 'k{;frA
Ø lkeosnkè;;usu dks ykHk bfr o.kZf;rqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA
4-3 lkeosnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%

prl`"kq osnlafgrklq lkeosnlafgrk;k% egÙoa lokZfr'kkf; vfLrA xhrk;ka Hkxoku~
Ñ".k% mDroku~µ ôsnkuka lkeosnks¿fLe* bfrA vL; dFkuL; rkRi;Zfene~ vfLr ;r~
losZ¿fi osnk% f=k"kq foHkkxs"kq foHkDrk% lfUrA rs p foHkkxk%&Kku&deZ&miklukfoèkk%
lfUrA r=k ÍXosn% Kkudk.MukEuk] ;tqonsZ % deZdk.MukEuk] lkeosn'p miklukdk.MukEuk
O;ofß;rsA miklu;k ,o df'pr~ HkDr% Los"Va nsoa çkIrqa 'kDuksfr] rLekr~ HkfDrHkkouk;k%
mnkÙkLo:ia lkeosns fufgre~ vfLrA ,rnFkZe~ ,o Hkxoku~ Ñ".k% ôsnkuka lkeosnks¿fLe*
bR;qDroku~A vFkoZosns lkeosnL; ç'kLrk ç'kalk izkI;rsA r|Fkk& ¶;ks tkxkj re`p%
dke;Urs] ;ks tkxkj req lkekfu ;fUr¸ (Í-la-&5@44@14) rFkk p ^mn~xkrso 'koqQus
lke xk;fr* (Í-la-&2@43@2) vFkkZr~ [kxoqQy&dyjo bo lkexk;ua eèkqja Hkofr
bfrA lkeosnlafgrk f}foèkk vfLr&NUn%lafgrk] xkulafgrk psfrA NUn%lafgrk;ka&xk;=kh&
vuq"Vqi~] f=k"Vqi~] txrh] c`gR;kfn"kq NUn%lq Ípk% HkofUr] rs"kkeqifj mnkÙkkfnLoj=k;k.kka
1] 2] 3 lÄ~[;;k funsZ'kks HkofrA 1 bfr lÄ~[;;k mnkÙkL;] 2 lÄ~[;;k LofjrLojL;
3 lÄ~[;;k p vuqnkÙk&LojL; cksèkks HkofrA xkulafgrk;ka v"VkS fodkjk%µ (1) fodkj%]
(2) fo'ys"k%] (3) fod"kZ.k%] (4) vH;kl%] (5) fojke%] (6) LrksHk%] (7)
vkxe%] (8) yksi'p HkofUrA lkexkue~ Ípkuql`ra Hkofr] rklka Ípka xkukfu vusoSQ%
Íf"kfHk% vusoSQ% çdkjS% Ñr%A ;n~ xkua ;su Íf"k.kk Ñra rn~xkua rL;So ukEuk
çfl¼eHkor~A ;Fkk xk;=kheU=kL; xkua ro';ko Íf"k.kk Ñre~] rL; xkuL; uke
ro';koh;e~ bfr vfLrA ,oeqDrçdkjs.k vusdfoèkkfu xkukfu lfUrA xkus lIrLojk%&"kMt&
Í"kHk&xkUèkkj&eè;e&i×pe&èkSor&fu"kknk% HkofUrA "kM~txzke&eè;exzke&xkUèkkjxzkesfr
=k;ks xzkek% HkofUrA ,dfoa'kfr% ewPNZuk%] ,dksui×pk'kr~ rkuk'p HkofUrA lke fouk
Ípk jljfgrk% HkofUrA lkexkudrkZ] J¼;k Jo.kdrkZ p vuUrdkyk; LoxsZ LFkkua
çkIuksfrA rLekRlkeosnkè;;ua czkã.kSjko';de~ bfr mDre~A
4-3-1 ^lkeu~* 'kCnkFkZ%

ikf.kfuO;kdj.kkuqlkja ^lkss* èkkrks% êfuu~* çR;;s Ñrs lfr uiqalosQ
lkeu~ 'kCnks fu"iUuks HkofrA 'kCnks¿;a çlUurkFksZ 'kkUR;FksZ p ç;qT;rsA vFkkZr~ nsorkuka
çlUurk;S xh;ekuk Íp% lkekfu dF;UrsA ÍXeU=kk.kkeqifj xk;ueso lke'kCnL; okP;efLrA
rnqDra NkUnksX;sµ ¶ÍP;è;w<a lke¸ (Nka-mi-&1@6@1) bfrA c`gnkj.;dksifu"kfn
lke'kCnL; fu#fDr% vrho lq"Bq orZrsµ ¶lk p ve'psfr rRlkEu% lkEuRoe~¸ (c`g-
mi-&1@3@22) bfrA ^lk* 'kCnks¿=k ^Ípk* cksèkd% ^ve* 'kCnL;kFkksZ¿fLr "kMtkn;%
Lojk%A vr% lke'kCnL; O;qRifÙk%µ ¶Ípk lg lEc¼% veks uke Loj% ;=k orZrs
52 rRlke¸ bfr HkofrA ÍDlke;ks% çxk<e~ bna ikjLifjdlEcUèka lwpf;rqe~ mHk;kseZè;s
nkEiR;HkkoL; vfi dYiuk orZrsA ifr% lUrkuksRiknuk; iRuhe~ vkà;u~ dFk;frµ lkeosnlafgrk
¶veks¿gefLe lk Roe~] lkekgefLe ÍDRoe~] |kSjga i`fFkoh Roe~] rkfog lEHkoko
çtkektu;kogS¸ (c`g- mi-&6@5@20) bfrA vFkkZr~ lke:iks¿ga ifrjfLe Ro×p
ÍX:ik iRuh vfl] vgekdk'kks¿fLe Ro×p i`fFkoh vflA vr% vkxPN] vkoka fefyRok
çtkuke~ mRiknua oqQoZ%A
;klka Ípkuqxq.ka lkexkua Hkofr rk Íp% osnKk% ^lke;ksfu%* ukEuk
tkufUrA tSfefujfi rnso çkgµ ¶xhfr"kq lkek[;k¸ (tS- lw-&2@1@36) bfrA vFkkZr~
;k% Íp% ;Kk|oljs"kq mn~xk=kk xh;Urs rk% lkekfu dF;UrsA
4-3-2 lkeosnL; egÙoe~

'kqDy;tq"k% "kV~f=ka'kÙkes¿è;k;sµ ¶Ípa okpa çi|s euks ;tq% izi|s lke
çk.ka çi|s¸ bfr eU=kcykr~ lkEu% çk.kLo:ia fl¼~;frA çfl¼s iq#"klwDrs p ijekReu%
Jks=ksfUæ;kr~ ok;ks% çk.kL; pksRifÙkO;kZ[;krk vfLrA vusu Li"Va Hkofr ;r~ çk.kL; ok;quk
rknkRE;a] Jks=ks.k p ;ksfu&lEcèkks¿fLrA rLekr~ lkEuks¿fi çk.ksu ok;quk Jks=ksfUæ;s.k p
fuR;lEcUèk% HkoR;soA r|Fkk ¶Jks=kk}k;q'p çk.k'p¸ ('kq-;-la-&31@10) bfrA rkRi;Zfene~
vfLr ;r~ çlUudjha ok.kha JqRok losZ çlUuk% HkofUrA nsok% çk.kLo:ik%] rs p okpk
áso çlUuk% HkofUrA rnqDra 'kriFkJqrkSµ ¶losZ çk.kk okfp çfrf"Brk%¸ ('k-i-czk-
&12@8@2@25) rFkk p ¶çk.ka lkekfu¸ (tS- m-&2@65) bfrA vFkkZr~ ;nk fg mn~xkrk
mPpLojs.k lkexkua djksfr] rnk nsok% vfrçlUuk% HkofUrA ;r% ¶çk.ka nsok vuqçk.kfUr¸
(rS- vk-& 8@3@1) bfrA vFkkZr~ çk.kLo:is.k lkEuk ,o nsok çk.kfUrA vr% nsorkuka
çlUurk;S nsorkuka çk.kkfHko`¼;s p lkexkua furkUreko';de~A
vusu çrh;rs ;r~ lkexk;ua çkphudkyknso lek;kfrA rLekr~ pr`l`"ofi
lafgrklq lkelafgrk ijexkSjo'kkfyuh orZrsA ¶lkekfu ;ks osfr l osn rÙoe~¸ bR;srn~
c`gísork;k% dFkua lkeosnL; efgekue~ mPpS% xk;frA
oLrqr% osneU=kk.kka x|&i|&xhfrfjfr =kh.;so Lo:ikf.k LohoqQoZfUr
fo}kal%A r=k ^x|kRedks ;tq%* ^;k [kyq i|e;h jpuk lk Ío~Q* ^;k [kyq jpuk
xkue;h lk lke* bfr foospusu =k;hfo|k;k% Lo:ia flè;frA rLeknqDra JqrkSµ ¶lS"kk
=kÕ;so fo|k rifr¸ ('k-i-czk-&10@5) bfrA ;s"kka nsorkuke~ vkàkua gksrk ÍÄ~eU=ks.k
djksfr] vèo;qZ% rs"kka ;tua ;tqeZU=ks.k lEikn;frA ;tukuUrja mn~xkrk rÙkn~nsorkuka LrqrkS
lkexk;ua djksfrA vL; lkexkuL; ikfjHkkf"kda uke Lrks=ke~ vfLrA rLekr~ lkeosn%
osns"kq egÙoiw.ksZ LFkkus fr"BfrA
4-3-3 lkeosnL; çfrik|fo"k;%

iwo± cgwDra ;n~ lkeosns xkuçpqjrk çfFkrkA r=k Íp ,o xh;UrsA
oLrqr% lkeosnL; }kS çèkkuHksnkS Lr%&vkfpZd% rFkk xkue~A vkfpZdL; 'kkfCnd% vFkks¿Z fLr&
ÍDlewg%A lks¿fi f}èkk&iwokZfpZde~ mÙkjkfpZd×psfrA iwokZfpZde~ ,o NUn%] NUnlh]
NUnfldk psfr f=kfHkjfi ukefHk% Kk;rsA fo"k;kuqlkja iwokZfpZda prq"kqZ Hkkxs"kq foHkDrefLr&
vkXus;ioZ] ,sUæioZ] ioekuioZ] vkj.;d×psfrA iwokZfpZosQ "kV~ çikBdk% lfUrA çikBdk
,o vè;k;k vfi mP;UrsA çfrçikBda }kS [k.MkS Lr%A çfr[k.Me~ ,dn'kfr% rFkk 53

osnifjp;% çfrn'kR;ka Íp% lfUrA çFkekè;k;knkjH; i×pekè;k;i;ZUrL; Íp% rq ^lkexku* ukEuk
[;krk% lfUrA "k"Bkè;k;L; Íp% vj.;s ,o xh;UrsA vklke~ vkj.;dÍpka laxzg%
,d=kkfLrA vL; vUrs ifjf'k"V:is.k êgkukEuh* bR;k[;k% n'kÍp% lfUrA vusu
çdkjs.k iwokZfpZosQ eU=kk.kka la[;k i×pk'knfèkd"kV~'kre~ (650) vfLrA
mÙkjkfpZda rq vuq"BkufunsZ'kde~A rL; cgoks foHkkxk%µ n'kjk=ke~]
laoRlje~] ,sdkge~] vghue~] l=ke~] çk;f'pÙke~] {kqæ×psfr r=k çeq[kHksnk% lfUrA
mÙkjkfpZosQ uoçikBdk% lfUrA çFkeçikBdkr~ vkjH; i×peçikBdi;ZUra }kS }kS [k.MkS
Lr%] fd×p vfUres"kq prq"kqZ çikBosQ"kq =k;L=k; v¼kZ% lfUrA mÙkjkfpZdL; lexzeU=kk.kka
lÄ~[;k (1225) i×pfoa'kR;fèkd}kn'k'kre~ vfLrA vr% mHk;ks% vkfpZd;ks% lfEefyrkuka
eU=kk.kka la[;k (1875) i×plIrR;fèkdv"Vkn'k'krefLrA
r;ks% çfrik|fo"k;Øekr~ n'kZuus Kkrks Hkofr ;r~ iwokZfpZoQs vkXus;ioZf.k&
vfXulEc¼Ípka laxzg%] ,sUæioZf.k&bUælEcfUèkÍpka laxzg%] ioekuioZf.k&lkselEc¼k%
Íp%] vkj.;de~] egkukEuh Ípk% p lÄïfyrk% lfUrA mÙkjkfpZosQ n'kjk=kØrq%]
laoRljl=ke~] ,sdkg;kx%] vghue~] l=kkf.k] çk;f'pÙke~ {kqæukEuk p Ípk% lÄïfyrk%
lfUrA
lkeosns¿fi ;Kkuq"Bkun`"V~;k ,o eU=kk% lÄïfyrk% lfUrA gksrk&vèo;qZ&
mn~xkrk&czãsfr prq..kk± ÍfRotka eè;sA mn~xkrq% dk;± rq lkexkuesokfLrA lke;ksfuÍpkuka
lÄïyua çeq[koSfndnsorkukekèkkjs Ñre~ vfLrA rklka nsorkuka LrqrkS rÙkn~Ípka xkua
HkofrA ÍXosns bUæ&vfXu&lkse&nsorklEc¼kfu vusdlwDrkfu lfUrA rs"kq f=k"kq nsos"kq
vfi vXus% ;kfKddeZlq çkèkkU;kr~ çR;sde.Mys"kq çFkeLFkkus vfXujso Lrqrks¿fLrA
rLekr~ ,o fl¼kUrkr~ lkeosnL; iwokZfpZosQ vfXuLrqrkS xh;ekukuke~ Ípka lÄïyuefLrA
çFkekè;k;L; }kn'kn'krh"kq vfXulEc¼k Íp% lfUrA rnuUrje~ vU;nsolEc¼k% (eU=kk%)
Íp% lÄïfyrk% lfUrA
lkeosnL; f}rh;ks foHkkx% xkukRed%A v=kkfi iwokZfpZdmÙkjkfpZd;ks%
foHkkx;ks% lke;ksfuÍp% lÄïfyrk% lfUr] ;s"kka xkua HkofrA vkèkqfudifjHkk"kk;ke~ vkfpZd&
lafgrk;k% rqyuk laxhr'kkL=kL; rkn`'kS% xzUFkS% lg drq± 'kD;rs ;s"kq xkuk; fu;eksifu;ek%
mifuc¼k% lfUrA rFkk p xkulafgrk;k% rqyuk Lojfyfilfgra ;=k xkua lÄïfyra rkn`'kS%
xzUFkS% lg drq± 'kD;rsA ,oeqDrçdkjs.k xkulafgrk vkfpZdlafgrkrks vfèkdk egÙoiw.kkZ
vfLrA xkun`"V~;k lkelafgrk;k% pRokjks foHkkxk%µ (1) xzkexs;xkue~ (2) vkj.;xs;xkue~
(3) Ågxkue~ (4) Åáxku×p lfUrA xzkexs;xkulafgrk;ke~&xk;=k&vkXus;&,sUæ&
ikoekulkekfu lÄïfyrkfuA vkj.;xs;xkulafgrk;ke~&voZQioZ&}U}ioZ&ozrioZ&'kqfØ;ioZ&
egkukEuhioZlq i×plq ioZlq lkekfu lÄïfyrkfuA Ågxkulafgrk;ke~&;kfKddeZ.kke~ vkèkkjs.k
lIrfoHkkxk% lfUr&n'kjk=kioZ&laoRljioZ&,dkgioZ&vghuioZ&l=kioZ&çk;f'pÙkioZ&{kqæioZ
pA Åáxkulafgrk;kefirFkSo lkekfu lÄïfyrkfu (Ågxkulafgrkonso) lfUrA
vusu foospusu bna lqLi"Va Hkofr ;r~ iwokZfpZoQs u lg xzkexs;xkulafgrk;k%]
vkj.;d&xkulafgrk;k'p lEcUèkks¿fLrA r=k ,oSQdk Ípk i`Fko~Q i`Fko~Q lkekfLrA
mÙkjkfpZoQs p Ågxkulafgrk;k% lEcUèkks¿fLrA r=k ,dp± lwDra ukfLr vfirq }ÔpZ&=;pZlDw rkfu
lfUrA }ÔpZ% çxkFk bR;qP;rsA çxkFk'kCnL;kFkksZ Hkofr&çd"ksZ.k xzFkua ;=k l çxkFk% bfrA
54
Ågxkua Åáxku×p Ípkuql`re~ ,o HkofrA ,rs"kka lkeeU=kk.kka xk;ua u lkeosnlafgrk
osQoya lkse;kxs ,o vfirq vU;s"kq voljs"ofi Hkofr LeA ,rkfu lkekfu vfèkdka'k:is.k
çLrksrùkeosQu ÍfRotk xh;Urs LeA ^Åg* 'kCnL; vFkksZ Hkofr dYiukA Ågxkua
xzkexs;xkufeo xh;rsA rL; y;ks¿fi r}nso] fdUrq ;Ks"kq rL; xkua ;Fkk L;kr~ rFkk r=k
ifjorZua fØ;rs LeA Åáxkua vkj.;xkuL; y;kuqlkjs.k O;fDrxr;Ks"kq xh;ekukuka
eU=kk.kka xkuL; ifjofrZra :iefLrA
mi;qZDrsu fooj.ksu bna LiqQVa Hkofr ;r~ ;Kk|oljs"kq ekÄõfyddk;sZ"kq
lHkkjEHkkfn"kq p lkexkuL; ijEijk iwo± vklhr~A rnuqlkjs.k lkeosnL;kfi çfrik|fo"k;%
xkukRed¾;Kkuq"BkuesoA
4-3-4 lkeosnL; eU=kla[;kfopkj%

v|Ros miyH;ekuk;ke~ vkfpZdlafgrk;ka iwokZfpZd% mÙkjkfpZd'p }kS
foHkkxkS Lr%A iwokZfpZosQ vè;k;ØefoHkkx&çikBdØefoHkkxkS f}foèkkS Lr%A vè;k;Øe&
foHkkxkuqlkjs.k vj.;dk.Meknk; "kV~ vè;k;k% lfUrA r=k iqu% [k.M&foHkkxk% lfUrA
çikBdØes n'kfr% bfr vUrfoZHkkx%A ;|fi vè;k;ØeçkIrs"kq [k.Ms"kq çikBdØeçkIrs"kq
n'kfr"kq p lke×tL;a ukfLrA r=k dkj.ke~ bnefLr ;r~ n'kfr% n'keeU=ks lekI;rs]
[k.M'p }kn'kres eU=ksA rLekr~ mHk;ks% ikFkZD;a n`';rsA rnuqlkja nsorkn`"V~;k ;kfu =khf.k
iokZf.k rkfu vkXus;&,sUæ&ikoekuukEuk lfUrA r=kkfi çFkeksè;k;% ^vkXus;ioZ* bfr ukEuk
mrok ^vkXus;dk.M* ukEuk çfl¼%A vfLeu~ vè;k;s (114) prqnZ'kkfèkd'kra eU=kk%
lfUrA f}rh;kè;k;kr~ vkjH; prqFkkZè;k;i;ZUra ^,sUædk.Me~* ^,sUæioZ* mP;rsA v=k
(352) f}i×pk'knfèkdf=k'kra eU=kk% lfUrA i×peks¿è;k;% îkoekuioZ* îkoekudk.Me~*
bfr ukEuk [;kr%A r=k (119) ,dksufoa'kR;qÙkj'kra ea=kk% lfUrA "k"Bks¿è;k;% ^vkj.;dk.M*
ukEuk fo[;krLr=k (55) i×pi×pk'kr~ eU=kk% lfUrA ifjf'k"V:is.k egkukEU;kfpZd%
vfLrA r=k (10) n'keU=kk% ifBrk% lfUrA vkgR; iwokZfpZosQ (650) i×pk'knfèkd"kV~'kra
eU=kk% lfUrA
mÙkjkfpZde~ vuq"BkufunsZ'kde~A r=k n'kjk=k&laoRlj&,sdkg&vghu&l=k&
çk;f'pÙk&{kqælaKdk% lIr çeq[kk% foHkkxk% lfUrA çikBdØefoHkkxkuqlkje~ v=k uoçikBdk%
lfUrA çFkei×pçikBosQ"kq }kS }kS HkkxkS Lr%A ;kS çikBdk¼ZukEuk [;krkS Lr%] fd×p
vfUreprq"kZq çikBosQ"kq =k;L=k;ks¿¼kZ% lfUrA
vè;k;ØefoHkkxkuqlkja (21) ,dfoa'kR;è;k;k% lfUrA çR;è;k;a iqu%
[k.MfoHkkxk% lfUrA çFkekè;k;kr~ prqFkkZè;k;i;ZUra "kV~&"kV~ [k.Mk%] i×pekè;k;kr~
lIrekè;k;i;ZUra lIr&lIr [k.Mk%] v"Vekè;k;s "kV~[k.Mk%] uoekè;k;s uo[k.Mk%]
n'kekè;k;s }kn'k[k.Mk%] ,dkn'kkè;k;s =k;% [k.Mk%] }kn'k&=k;ksn'kkè;k;;ks% "kV~&"kV~
[k.Mk%] prqn'Z kkè;k;kr~ v"Vkn'kkè;k;i;ZUra pRokj%&pRokj% [k.Mk%] ,dksufoa'ks i×p[k.Mk%]
foa'ks lIr[k.Mk%] ,dfoa'kfrres¿è;k;s [k.Mla[;k ukfLrA vkgR; lo± (119)
,dksufoa'kR;qÙkj'kra [k.Mk% lfUrA çfr[k.Ma ea=klÄ~[;k¿fi lqfuf'prk ukfLrA vè;k;Øes.k
eU=kla[;k%µ 1&62] 2&62] 3&55] 4&56] 5&69] 6&79] 7&85] 8&59]
9&78] 10&94] 11&32] 12&56] 13&54] 14&46] 15&38] 16&44]
17&40] 18&54] 19&54] 20&84] 21&27 lfUrA vkgR; mÙkjkfpZosQ (1225) 55

osnifjp;% i×pfoa'kR;fèkd}kn'k'krefLrA vr% mHk;ksjkfpZd;ks% lfEefyrkuka eU=kk.kka la[;k (1875)
i×plIrR;fèkdk"Vkn'k'kre~ vfLrA
mi;qDZ rs"kq (1875) i×plIrR;fèkdk"Vkn'k'kreU=ks"kq (75) i×plIrfr
eU=kk% bZn'` kk% ;s ÍXosns u çkI;Urs] 'ks"kk% los¿Z fi mHk;osnlkèkkj.kk% lfUrA lkeosnL;
eU=klÄ~[;kfo"k;s ;|fi erSD;a ukfLr] ;rks fg fo.VjuhRlsu&eSdMksuysu p egkukEukfpZdÍpk%
u LohÑrk%A rs"kka lEerkS (1549) ,dksui×pk'knfèkdi×pn'k'kra eU=kk ,o lfUrA
4-3-5 lkeosnL; Í"k;%

Hkkjrh;ijEijkuqlkja Íf"kPNUnksnsorkuka osnkFkZçlÄõs egÙoiw.k± LFkkue~
vfLrA osneU=kS% lg =k;k.kkes"kka vfHkUu% lEcUèkks¿fLrA r=k nsork% eU=kL; çfrik|k%]
NUnkafl fo"k;çfriknus èofu:ik%] Í"k;'p fo"k;&çfrikndk% miLFkkidk% p lfUrA
çkphuoSfndijEijk;ka Í"k;% eU=kæ"Vkj% xkudrkZjks ok lfUrA lkeosnL; osQpu eU=kk%
rkn`'kk% ;s"kka eU=kk.kka ;ks Íf"k% æ"Vk l ,o xk;d%A osQpu eU=kk% rkn`'kk% ;s"kka æ"Vkj
Í"k;% fHkUuk% xk;dk'p fHkUuk%] osQpu eU=kk% rkn`'kk% ;s"kka æ"Vk Íf"k% ,d% xk;dk'pkusoQs
Í"k;% lfUrA osQpu eU=kk% rkn`'kk% ;s"kka æ"Vkj Í"k;% fofoèkçdkjS% xk;ua ÑroUr%A
osQ"kk×pu eU=kk.kka Í"kh.kka xk;dÍ"kh.kk×p KkukHkkos oSdfYidk% Í"k;% LohÑrk% lfUrA
,oe~ mDrçdkjs.k Li"V:is.k fdefi dFkua dfBuesokfLr rFkkfi
miyCèk'kk[kk;ka ;kn`'kh fLFkfrjfLr rFkk fdf×pn~ fopkj;ke%A lkEçre~ miyH;ekuk;ka
lkeosnlafgrk;ke~ ,dfLeu~ [k.Ms vusoSQ% Íf"kfHk% n`"Vk% eU=kk% lUrhfr voyksD;rsA
r=k ;s"kka Í"kh.kka ukekfu nÙkkfu lfUr rs Í"k;% ÍXosneU=kk.kka æ"Vkj% lfUrA ,rÙkq
iwoZesoksDra ;r~ ÍXosneU=kk.kkeqifj ,o lkexkua HkofrA rLekr~ lkeosnL;kèkkj% ÍXosn
,oA rLekr~ ÍXoSfndeU=kk.kka æ"Vkj Í"k; ,o lkeosnh;µ eU=kk.kkefi æ"Vkj% lUrhfr
dFkua leqfpresoA rFkkfi xkuijEijkn`"V~;k voyksdususna Li"Va Hkofr ;r~ ;L; lkexkuL;
;% Íf"k% l eU=k% rsuSo Íf"kukEuk [;krks¿fLrA ;Fkk Hkj}ktsu xhra lke Hkkj}kta lke]
okensosu xhra lke okensO;e~ lke] bfrA lkeukefo"k;s vfi lIrçdkjdkfu dkj.kkfu
yH;UrsA rkfu ;Fkkµ
1- æ"Vk xkudrkZ ok Í"kh.kka ukEukekèkkjs&dk.oa lke] Hkkj}kta]
okensO;feR;kfnA
2- nsorkukekèkkjs&;kea lke] vkXus;a] lkSE;e~] ,sUæe~ bR;kfnA
3- NUnlkekèkkjs&xk;=ka] =kS"VqHka] tkxra] ckgZre~ bR;kfnA
4- ;Kkukekèkkjs&vkfrF;lke] çoX;Zlke] voHk`FklkekfnA
5- ÍXxr'kCnfo'ks"kkèkkjs&;Kk;Kh;e~] vkT;nksge~ bR;kfnA
6- fuèkukukekèkkjs&vksdks fuèkue~] èkeZlke] èksuqlke] Rok"VªhlkekfnA
7- deZiQykukekèkkjs&lkor± lke] gkjk;.ka lke bR;kfnA
vusu foospuusu Íf"kukEuSo lke Hkofr bR;fi fu'psrqa u 'kD;rsA
vr% ÍXoSfndeU=kæ"Vkj ,o lkeeU=kk.kkefi æ"Vkj% lfUr] ukLR;=k dkfpr~ foçfrifÙk%A
56
Lojcksèkd&rkfydk
Øe Loj& Loj& Lojs.k Lojk.kka Lojk.kka Lojk% LojçkfIr% Lojk.kke~ osQu Lojk.kka fo'ks"k%
la[;k ukekfu cksèkd& r`fIr% o.kkZfu o.kkZ% oqQr% (ukjn& mRifÙk& nsosu nsork%
o.kkZ% çkIrk% ersu) LFkkukfu xhre~
1- "kM~t% lk nsokuke~ dey& czkã.k% e;wjkr~ e;wjkr~ d.B% vfXuuk czãk "kV~ LFkkukr~ ukfldk&d.B&rkyq&ân;&ftàk&
iq"iL; nUr&LFkkusH;% mPpk;Zrs rLekr~ "kM~t%A
2- Í"kHk% js Í"kh.kke~ 'kqd& {kf=k;% vtkr% xks% f'kj% czã.kk vfXu% ukfHkLFkkukr~ mfRFkrks ok;q% d.Bs f'kjfl p
i{kL; lÄ~?k£"krs lfr izknqHkZo% Loj% Í"kHk%A
3- xkUèkkj% x fir`.kke~ lqo.kZL; oS';%&½ xks% vtkr% vuqukfld% lksesu xkS% xka çk.kku~ èkkj;frA ukfHkr% mfRFkrks ok;q% d.Bs
'kwæ%&½ f'kjfl p la?k`"; ukfld;k cfgjkxR; xkUèkkjks
HkofrA
4- eè;e% e xUèkokZuke~ oqQUn& czkã.k% ØkS×pkr~ ØkS×pkr~ ân;e~ fo".kquk czãk ukfHkr% mfRFkrks ok;q% ân;a laLi`'; iqu%
iq"iL; ukfHkeso xRok ukna djksfr l ukn% eè;e%A
5- i×pe% i nso&fir`& Ñ".k% czkã.k% dksfdykr~ dksfdykr~ xzhok ukjnsu lkse% ukfHkr% mfRFkrks ok;q % mjfl d.Bs ân;s
Í"kh.kke~ ân;a p f'kjfl p ;nk la?k"k± djksfr rnk i×peLojs
izknqHkZofrA
6- èkSor% èk ;{kk.kke~ ihr% {kf=k;% v'okr~ v'okr~ eLrde~ rqEcq#.kk vkfnR;% ukfHkr% mfRFkrks ok;q% ;nk ewèkkZns'ka la?k"kZf;Rok
iqu% d.Bkr~ vR;fèkdifjJes.k fu%ljfr rnk
èkSor% HkofrA
7- fu"kkn% fu Hkwr&leq& lIro.kZe~ oS';%&½ xtkr~ xtkr~ xzUFk;% rqEcq#.kk vkfnR;% ukfHkr% mfRFkrks ok;q% xEHkhjs.k Lojs.k d.Bkr~
nk;kuke~ 'kwæ%&½ cfgjkxPNfr ;nk rnk fu"kkn% tk;rsA
lkeosnlafgrk
57
osnifjp;% 4-3-6 lkeosnL; 'kk[kk%
Hkkjrh;ijEijkuqlkja czãijEij;k çkIra osna osnO;kl% eUnerhu~ euq";ku~
fofpUR; Ñi;k prqèkkZ foHkT; ÍX;tq%lkekFkokZ[;ku~ prqjks osnku~ Lof'k";ku~ Øekr~
iSy&oS'kEik;u&tSfefu&lqeUrwu~ vè;kfiroku~A r=k O;klf'k";ks tSfefu% Loiq=ka lqdekZ.ka
ikfBroku~A lqdeZ.k% }kS iV~Vf'k";kS Lr%&fgj.;ukHkdkS'kY;% ikS";f×t'pA vkH;keso
}kH;ka lkexkuL; f}foèkk èkkjk mnHkkfork çkP;ksnhP;èkkjk pA fgj.;ukHkL; f'k";% Ñr%
vklhr~A rL; prq²o'kfr% f'k";k vklu~A ÑrL; vuq;kf;u ,rs dkrkZ% mP;UrsA rnqDra
eRL;iqjk.ksµ
prq²o'kfrèkk ;su çksDrk oS lkelafgrk%A
Le`rkLrs çkP;lkeku% dkrkZ ukesg lkexk%AA
(e-iq- 49@76)
,oa ijEij;k lgÏ'kk[kks lkeosnks tkr%A mDra fg ir×tfyuk egkHkk";sµ
¶lgÏoRekZ lkeosn%¸ bfrA lkeosnL; lgÏ'kk[kkRos lqdeZ.k% }kofi f'k";kS çeq[kkS
vkLrke~A vusu fl¼a ;r~ çkphudkys lkeosnL; lgÏ'kk[kk% vklu~A rklq lgÏ'kk[kklq
cgO;% 'kk[kk% yqIrçk;k vHkwou~A lEçfr çi×pân;s] fnO;konkus] pj.kO;wgs] tSfefulw=ks
(1@14) p =k;ksn'k'kk[kkuka ppkZ% miyH;UrsA lkeriZ.kL;koljs ,rs"kka lke'kk[kkçorZdkuke~
vkpk;kZ.kka ukeksPpkj.kL; riZ.kfoèkkus mYys[kks feyfrA ;Fkkµ ¶jk.kk;.k&lkR;eqfxz&
O;kl&Hkkxqfj&vkSyqf.M&xkSYeqyfo&HkkuqekukSieU;o&dkjkfV&e'kd&xkX;Z&ok"kZx.;dkSFkqfe&
'kkfygks=k&tSfefu&bfr =k;ksn'kSrUes lkexkpk;kZ% LofLr oqQoZUrq rfiZrk%A¸ lEçfr lkeosnL;
frÏ ,o 'kk[kk% feyfUr&dkSFkqeh;k] jk.kk;uh;k] tSfeuh;k psfrA
1- dkSFkqe'kk[kk
'kk[ks;a lkeosnL; lokZfèkdk yksdfç;k 'kk[kk¿fLrA vL;k% rk.M~;uked&
'kk[kk vfi feyfrA vL;k% fof'k"V% çHkko% çlkj'p vrhrdkys vklhr~A vL;k%
çpyua xqtjZ çkUrs ukxjczkã.ks"kq vklhr~A i×pfoa'kfrdk.MkRed% foiqydk;% rk.M~;czkã.kxzUFk%
vL;k ,o 'kk[kk;k% orZrsA lqçfl¼NkUnksX;ksifu"knfi vu;k 'kk[k;k lEc¼kA
2- jk.kk;uh;'kk[kk
vL;k% lafgrk dkSFkqeh;'kk[kkrks fHkUuk ukfLrA eU=kx.kukn`"V~;k mHks¿fi
'kk[ks lekus Lr%A osQoye~ mPpkj.ks Dofpr~&Dofpr~ ikFkZD;efLrA dkSFkqeh;k% tuk%
^gkm* rFkk ^jkb* bR;srr~ ina ;=k mPpkj;fUr] r=k jk.kk;uh;k% ^gkoq* rFkk ^jkf;*
bR;qPpkj.ka oqQoZfUrA jk.kk;uh;kuke~ ,dk vokUrj'kk[kk ¶lkR;eqfxz¸ bR;fLr] ;L;k%
mPpkj.kL;Sdk fo'ks"krk vfLr ;k [kyq Hkk"kkfoKkun`"V~;k furkUrk¿¿ykspuh;k¿fLrA lkR;eqfxztuk%
,dkjL;ksdkjL; p LFkkus ßLoksPpkj.ka oqQoZfUrA
3- tSfeuh;'kk[kk
vL;k% 'kk[kk;k% lafgrk&czkã.k&JkSr&x`álw=klfgrk% lexzk'a kk% lUR;qiyC/k%A
'kk[ks;a ukxjhfyI;ke~ ykgkSjuxjkr~ çdkf'krk vfLrA vL;k% eU=kk.kka lÄ~[;k (1687)
58
lIrk'khR;fèkd"kksM'k'krefLrA roydkj'kk[kk vL;k ,o vokUrj'kk[kk vfLrA tSfeuh;'kk[kk;ka
dkSFkqe'kk[kkr% (182) }Ô'khR;qÙkj'kreU=kk% U;wuk% lfUr fdUrq tSfeuh;kuka lkexkukfu lkeosnlafgrk
dkSFkqeh;kr~ lgÏkf.k vfèkdkfu lfUrA dkSFkqe&tSfeuh;;ks% mHk;ks% lafgr;ks% ikBs loZFkk
Hksnks ukfLr] fdUrq xkuçdkjLrq loZFkk fHkUu ,okfLrA
cksèkç'u%
1- ^lkeu~* 'kCnL; d% vFkZ%\
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2- lkeosnlafgrk;ka dfreU=kk% lfUr\

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3- lkeosns dR;è;k;k% lfUr\

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4- vkXus;dk.Ms dfreU=kk% lfUr\

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5- O;klf'k";s"kq lkeosnL;kè;srk d vklhr~\

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6- ^dkrkZ%* osQ vklu~\

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7- lkeosnL; çfrik|fo"k;% d%\

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59

osnifjp;% 8- lkeosnL; dfr'kk[kk% lEçfr miyCèkk% lfUr\ dk'p rk%\
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4-4 lkexkue~
;Fkk ÍÄ~eU=kk.kka fo"k;s Jw;rs ;r~ rs çkphudkys ekSf[kdijEijk;ka çpfyrk
vklu~ rFkSo ;twaf"k lkekfu pkfi ekSf[kdijEijk;ke~ ,o vklu~A xk;u&çfrHkk&lEiUuk%
Í"k;% lkeeU=kk.kka ;Kk|oljs"kq xkua oqQoZfUr LeA ;Kkuq"Bkus"kq nsorkuka Lrqfrdkys
vkgqfr&çnkudkys p lkekfu xh;Urs LeA prq"kqZ ÍfRoXx.ks"kq mn~xkr`x.kçeq[k% mn~xkrk
uke ÍfRoo~Q lkeeU=kk.kka xk;ua djksfr LeA lkEçrefi JkSr;Ks"kq fofoèks"kq voljs"kq p
mn~xk=kk lkekfu xh;UrsA
oLrqr% ÍÄ~eU=kkuql`ra xk;ueso lke'kCnL; okP;efLrA rnqDra tSfefuukµ
¶xhfr"kq lkek[;k¸ bfrA ;klka ÍXoSfndÍpkuqlkjs.k lkekfu xh;Urs rk% Íp% ^lke;ksfuÍp*
bR;usu ukEuk Kk;UrsA ,rs"kka lke;ksfueU=kk.kke~ vkJ;a x`ghRok Íf"kfHk% xkueU=kk.kka jpuk
Ñrk¿fLrA xkua prqèkkZ Hkofrµ (1) xzkexs;xkue~] (vL;So vija uke os;xkue~
çÑfrxkue~ ok vfLr)] (2) vkj.;dxkue~] (3) Ågxkue~ (4) Åáxku×Ó (vL;kija
uke jgL;xkufefr) vfLrA lkeosnlafgrk;k% iwokZfpZosQ vkfnr% i×pekè;k;i;ZUrkuka
eU=kk.kke~ vuql`ra (os;xkue~) xzkexs;xkue~] vkj.;ddk.Ms fufnZ"VeU=kk.kke~ vuqlkjs.k
vkj.;dxku×Ó HkofrA mÙkjkfpZosQ mfYyf[kreU=kk.kke~ vuqlkjs.k (3) Ågxkue~ (4)
Åáxku×p HkofrA fofHkUu'kk[kk;ke~ ,rs"kka lÄ~[;k vfi fofHkUuk ,o HkofUrA tSfeuh;'kk[kk;ka
lokZfèkddxkukfu lfUrA
xkus v"VkS fodkjk% HkofUrA rs"kka ukekfu mnkgj.kkfu p vèkksfyf[krkfu lfUrA
rs ;Fkkµ
1- fodkj%µ ,dfLeu~ o.kZLFkkus vijo.kZL; ç;ksx%A ;Fkkµ^vfXue~* bfr
LFkkus vksXukbZA
2- fo'ys"k%µ lfUèkfoPNsn% o.kZfodkjs.k lgA ;Fkkµôhr;s* bfr LFkkus
ôksbrks;k¿'b*A
3- fod"kZ.ke~µ nh?ksZ.k d"kZ.ke~A ;Fkkµ^;s* bfr LFkkusµ^rks ;k¿'b*A
4- vH;kl%µ iqu% iqu% iBue~A ;Fkkµ^rks2 ;kf;] rks2 ;kf;*A
5- fojke%µ ,dineè;s fojke%A ;Fkkµ^x`.kkuks gO;nkr;s* LFkkus ^x`.kkuksgA
O;nkr;s*A
6- LrksHk%µ fujFkZdk% osQpu o.kkZ% xkuL; lkSUn;kZ; ;qT;UrsA ;Fkkµ^vkSgksokA
gkm*A
7- vkxe%µ 'kCneè;s o.kkZUrjL; ços'k% ;Fkkµôjs.;e~* LFkkus ôjsf.k;kse~*A
8- yksi%µ eU=kL; dL;fpr~ o.kZL; vuqPpkj.ke~A ;Fkkµ^çpksn;kr~* bfr
LFkkus ç pks 129 12A 1gqe vk 2 1nk;ks vk 345A
mDrk ,rs fodkjk%A bnkuha lIrLojk.kka fo"k;s dF;rsA lkexkuk; lIrLojk.kka
60
foèkkukfu lfUrA rkfu ;Fkkµ lkeosnlafgrk
1
"kM~t] 2Í"kHk] 3xkUèkkj] 4eè;e] 5i×pe] 6èkSor] 7fu"kkn bfrA "kM~tLojL;
y?kq:ie~µ^lk*] Í"kHkL;µ^js*] xkUèkkjL;µ^x*] eè;eL;µê*] i×peL;µî*]
èkSorL;µ^èk*] fu"kknL;µ^fu*A rLekr~ ^lk] js] x] e] i] èk] fu* bR;qP;UrsA ;kKoYD;&
f'k{kk;ke~ mDra orZrs ;r~µ
"kM~tks osns f'k[k.M~;kL; Í"kHk% L;kntk eq[ksA
xkoks jEHkfUr xkUèkkja ØkS×pk'pSo rq eè;ee~AA
dksfdy% i×peks czwrs fu"kknUrq onsn~xt%A
vk'o'p èkSorks Ks;% Lojk% lIrsfr xh;rsAA
(;k-f'k-&iwokZ¼sZ&8&9)
v=k lIrLojk.kka èofu% dhn`x~ Hkofr ,rL; mnkgj.ka çLrqrefLrA rnFk± fofoèkthokuka
i'kq&i{kh.kka ukekfu nÙkkfu lfUrA ,"kka lIrLojk.kka mnkÙkkuqnkÙkLofjrs"kq Loj=k;s"kq dFkeUrHkkZo%
bR;fLeu~ fo"k;s ;kKoYD;ks onfrµ
mPpkS fu"kknxkUèkkjkS uhpko`"kHkèkSorkSA
'ks"kkLrq Lofjrk% Ks;k% "kM~teè;ei×pek%AA
(;k-f'k-'k-&7)
v=kksPpinsu mnkÙkL; cksèk%] r=k fu"kknxkUèkkjkS vUrHkkZforkS] uhpinsu vuqnkÙkL;
cksèk%] r=kÍ"kHkèkSorks vUrHkkZforkS] LofjrLojkUrHkwZrk'p "kM~teè;ei×pek% mDrk% lfUrA
xzkek%µ mi;qDZ rkuka lIrLojk.kka =k;ks xzkek% vfi HkofUrA rs "kM~txzke&eè;exzke&
xUèkkjxzkeukEuk [;krk% lfUrA "kM~txzkeL; mRifÙk% ^Hkw*yksdkr~] eè;exzkeL;ksRifÙk%µ^Hkqo%*
yksdkr~] xkUèkkjxzkeL; pksRifÙk% ^Lo%* LoxZyksdkr~ vfLrA
ewNZuk%µ "kM~txzkes (14) prqn'Z kewNuZ k% HkofUr] eè;exzkes (20) foa'kfrewNuZ k%]
xkUèkkjxzkes p (15) i×pn'kewNZuk% HkofUrA ,oe~ mDrçdkjs.k (49) ,dksui×pk'kr~
la[;dk% ewNZuk%] rk ,o rkuk vfi mP;UrsA
4-4-1 lkexkui¼fr%
lkeosnL; xkulafgrk;ka xzkexs;xkukUrxZra lÄïfyra lke ,dyefLrA
r=k xkuL; ,dpZi¼frjfLrA Ågxkuk; Åáxkuk; p lÄïfyrkfu lkekfu ^r`p* laKdkfu
lfUrA çxkFk% }~;pksZ HkofrA rkfu lkekfu ,dpZ] }~;pZ] r`p ok HkofUrA xkulkSfoè;k;
rs"kka }kS foHkkxkS Hkor%&ioZfoHkkx%] HkfDrfoHkkx'pA
1- ioZfoHkkx%µ xkuL; y?kqrea :ia îoZ* bR;qP;rsA ifjHkk"kkuqlkja
xk;dk% ;=k fojefUr rnso îoZ* bR;qP;rsA îoZ* fo"k;s u fdefi fof'k"Va foèkkua
miyH;rsA
2- lke&HkDr;%µ mn~xkr`x.kL; fofHkUuÍfRofXHk% xh;ekuk% xkuL;
vo;ok% ^lkeHkfDr* insu cqè;UrsA çR;sda lkfEu i×pHkDr;ks HkofUrµçLrko%] mn~xhFk%]
çfrgkj%] miæo%] fuèkua pA çLrkos fgadkjL;] mn~xhFks vksadkjL; vUrHkkZo% eU;rsA
61

osnifjp;% cksèkç'u%
9- lkexkua dfrfoèke~\
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10- ,dyÍpkuql`ra da xkua xh;rs\

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11- fodkjk% dfrfoèkk%\

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12- lIrLojk.kka ukekfu fy[kr\

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13- Lojk% oqQr% çkIrk%\

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14- lkeHkfDrfjfr inL; d% vFkZ%\

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15- Lojk.kke~ mRifÙkLFkkukfu dkfu\

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62
4-5 lkeosnL; Hkk";dkjk% vFkoZons lafgrk
1- ekèko%µ ekèkoks¿;a lkeHkk";dkjs"kq çFke% çrh;rsA vusu fonq"kk lkeosnL;

mHk;ks% vkfpZd;ks% Hkk";a Ñre~A vL; Hkk";L; uke ^fooj.ke~* vfLrA
^NUnfldkfooj.ke~*] ^mÙkjfooj.ke~* bfr iwoksZÙkjkfpZd;ks% Hkk";;ks%
ukeuhA vL; Hkk";e~ v|kofèk ;kor~ veqfærkoLFkk;kesokfLrA ekèkoL;
firqukZe ûkjk;.k* bfr vklhr~A
2- HkjrLokehµHkjrLokfeu% firqukZe ûkjk;.k%* ekrqukZe p ^;Knknsoh*
vklhr~A v;a dk';ixks=kh;ks fo}ku~ lkeosnL; losZ"kke`pkeqifj Hkk";a
fyf[kroku~A vL;kfi Hkk";e~ vçdkf'kresokfLrA vusu Looa'kifjp;%
xzUFkkjEHks çnÙk%A gkslykèkh'ojL; jkeukFkukEuks uìL; N=kPNk;k;ka
JhjÄõk[;&oS".korhFksZ olu~ Hkk";eusu jfpre~A jkeukFkL; 'kklukolku&
dky% 1295 bZ- orZrsA rLekr~ HkjrLokfeu%dky% =k;ksn'k'krdL;ksÙkjk¼sZ
Lohdrq± 'kD;rsA
3- xq#fo".kq%µ vL; lkeeU=kO;k[;kuL; uke fefFkyk;ka cÄõçns'ks
pkfrçfl¼efLrA r=k lkeosfnuka fuR;&uSfefÙkd&deZlq ç;qT;ekukuka
lkeeU=kk.kka O;k[;ka ÑRok vus u vfregÙoiw . k± dk;± Ñre~ A
lk;.kÑrlkeHkk";L;kèkkj% xq#fo".kks% Hkk";esok¿fLr bfr vkykspdk%
onfUrA v;a cYykllsu¾iq=kL; y{e.klsuL; jkT;dkys fo|eku vklhr~A
vrks¿L; le;% foØeL;&1200&1300 }kn'k&=k;ksn'k'krda eU;rsA
xq#fo".kks% dkSFkqe'kk[kk;k NkUnksX;eU=kHkk";e~ furkUrç[;krefLrA vL;
}kS vU;kS vfi xzUFkkS Lr%&eU=kczkã.kHkk";e~] ikjLdjx`álw=kHkk";×pA
vusu fl¼~;fr ;n;a egkuqHkko% Lole;s ç[;kr% oSfnd% vklhfnfrA
4- lk;.kkpk;Z%µ vkpk;Zlk;.k% egkjktcqDdL; gfjgjL; p vekR;
vklhr~A v;a oSfndlEçnk;L; ;FkkFkZosÙkk vklhr~A –h"VL; prqnZ'k&
'krkCns#Ùkjk¼Z ,o vL; Hkk";L; jpukdky% fl¼~;frA vusu futT;s"BHkzk=kk
ekèkokpk;sZ.k çsfjrks HkwRok prq..kkZefi osnkuka Hkk";a Ñre~A vL; Hkk";L;
uke êkèkoh;e~* bR;fLrA
cksèkç'u%
16- ekèkoL; (lkeHkk";dkjL;) d% dky% LohfØ;rs\
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17- HkjrLokfeu% ekrqukZe fdeklhr~\

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osnifjp;% 18- xq#fo".kks% çflf¼% dfLeu~ çns'ks vfLr\
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19- lk;.k% dnk Hkk";jpuka Ñroku~\

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4-6 lkjka'k%
¶xhfr"kq lkek[;k¸ bfr tSfefulw=ks.k ÍÄ~eU=kk.kka Lojlfgra xkueso lkeosnL;
oSf'k"V~;e~ vfLrA v=k }kS foHkkxkS iwokZfpZd&mÙkjkfpZdukekukS Lr%A iwokZfpZosQ vkXus;&
,sUæ&ikoeku&vkj.;dk.Mkfu vkfnr% "k"Bkè;k;i;ZUra lfUrA egkukEU;kfpZdL; x.kuk
vè;k;s"kq u fØ;rsA çR;è;k;a [k.Mk% lfUrA mÙkjkfpZoQs n'kjk=k&laoRlj&,sdkg&vghu&l=k&
çk;f'pÙk&{kqæukeku% lIr foHkkxk% lfUrA vkgR; lIrfoa'kR;è;k;s"kq ,dksufoa'kR;qÙkj'kra
[k.Mk% lfUrA vkgR; lIrfoa'kR;è;k;k%] =;'khR;qÙkj'kra [k.Mk%] i×plIrR;fèkdk"Vkn'k'kra
eU=kk% lfUrA iwokZfpZosQ "kMè;k;k% prq""kf"V[k.Mk% i×pk'knfèkd"kV~'kra eU=kk%A mÙkjkfpZosQ
i×pfoa'kR;qÙkj&}kn'k'kra eU=kk% lfUrA
lkeosnL;kè;;usu bna Kk;rs ;r~ ;Kkuq"BkulEiwrZ;s] r=k vkokfgrkuka nsorkuka
LrqR;FkZe~] vkgqfrçnkuk; p Ípka xk;ua çl`re~A rs"kka xhfrfof'k"Vkuke~ Ípka lewg ,o
^lkeosn* bfr laK;k çfl¼ks¿fLrA
ÍXoSfndÍpk ,ok=k lax`ghrk% xku:is.k çLrqrk% lfUr] rLekr~ ÍXoSfndk
Í"k; ,o lkeeU=kk.kkefi æ"Vkj% lUrhfr oDrqe~ 'kD;rsA ijUrq v=k oSf'k"V~;e~ bnefLr
;r~ Dofpr~ Íf"kukEuk] Dofpr~ nsorkukEuk] Dofpr~ NUnksukEuk] Dofpr~ ;KukEuk]
Dofpr~ fuèkuukEuk] Dofpr~ deZiQyukEuk p lkeosnL; eU=kk% çfl¼k% lfUrA
lkeosnL; 'kk[kkfo"k;s egkHkk";dkj% ^lgÏoRekZ lkeosn%* bR;qDroku~A ijfenkuha
frÏ ,o 'kk[kk% lUR;qiyCèkk%µ (1) dkSFkqeh;k (2) jk.kk;uh;k (3) tSfeuh;k psfrA
frl`"kq 'kk[kklq tSfeuh;k 'kk[kk cgqçpfyrk vfLrA v=k ÍÄ~eU=kk.kka xkuk; lIrLojk%]
v"VkS fodkjk%] =k;ks xzkek% ,dksui×pk'kr~ ewNuZ k'pksDrk%A ioZfoHkkx%] lkeHkDr;'psfr }kS
foHkkxkS lkexkuk; LohÑrkS Lr%A
lkeosnL; Hkk";dkjs"kq vk|Hkk";dkjRosu ekèko% rnokZphu% HkjrLokeh]
rrks¿I;okZphu% xq#fo".kq%] vUrs lk;.k% p n`';UrsA
4-7 'kCnkoyh
1- lke µ Ípk lg lEc¼% veks uke Loj% ;=k rr~
lkeA
64
2- Ío~Q µ ÍP;rs Lrw;rs ;;k lk Ío~QA vFkoZons lafgrk
3- çfFkrk µ î`Fkq foLrkjs èkkrks%* foLr`rhÑrkA

4- vkXus;% µ vfXuuk lg lEc¼%A
5- ,sUæ% µ bUæs.k lg lEc¼%A
6- ikoeku% µ ioeku%¾lkse% rsu lg lEc¼%A
7- n'kjk=ke~ µ n'klq jkf=k"kq fØ;ek.ka deZA
8- ioZ µ fojkeL; miukeA
9- xzkesxs;e~ µ xzkeukEuk¿=k ;KlaLFkk;k% cksèkks HkofrA rLekr~
;KlaLFkk;ka xh;ekua lkeA
10- n'kfr% µ U;wukfèkda n'keU=kk.kka lewg% n'kfrinokP;ks¿fLrA
11- xk;d% µ xkua djksrhfr xk;d%A
12- fuèkue~ µ lkEu% vfUrek HkfDr% ;L; xkua losZ ÍfRotks
fefyRok oqQoZfUr rr~ fuèkue~ bR;qP;rsA
13- dkrkZ% µ ^Ñr* bR;L; osnkè;srq% vuq;kf;u% dkrkZ%
mP;UrsA
14- lke;ksfu% µ ;s"kka ÍÄ~eU=kk.kkeqifj lkexk;ua Hkofr lk
Ípk lke;ksfuinsu O;ofß;rsA
15- lkeHkDr;% µ HkfDr'kCn% foHkkxkFkZ%A vFkkZr~ mn~xkr`x.ks pRokj
ÍfRotks HkofUrA rS% loSjZ fi xh;ekuk% xkuL;
vo;ok% lkeHkDr; mP;UrsA
4-8 lUnHkZxzUFk%
xzUFkuke ys-@lEik-@Hkk";- çdk'kue~ o"kZe~
1- lkeosnlafgrk ewyek=ke~ ukxçdk'kd%] fnYyh 1994
2- oSfndokÄ~e;L;s& txnh'kpUæfeJ% pkS- lqjHkkjrh çdk- 1987
frgkl% okjk.klh
3- laLÑrokÄ~; dk cynso mikè;k; mÙkjçns'klaLÑr 1996
c`gn~ bfrgkl (osn) laLFkku y[kuÅ
4- ;kKoYD;f'k{kk fo|kèkj ik.Ms; f'koukjk;.k mikè;k; 2034
u;k lalkj çsl] laor~ HknSuh okjk-
5- oSfndokÄ~e;L;s& Jh jekdkUr 'kkL=kh pkS- fo|kHkou okjk- 1970
frgkl%
65

osnifjp;% 4-9 lgk;dxzUFk%
1- lkeosnh;#æti& ;equkçlknf=kikBh pkS- fo|kHkou okjk- 1963
fofèk% (Hkwfedk)
2- ÍXosnHkk";Hkwfedk txUukFkikBd% pkS- lqj-çdk-okjk- 1991
3- vfXu"Vkse ;K& ukjk;.knÙk 'kekZ vejxzUFkifCy- 2002
i¼frfoe'kZ fnYyh
4- oSfndlkfgR; vkSj cynso mikè;k; u;k lalkj çsl] iape&
laLÑfr okjk- laLdj.k
5- oSfnd okÄ~e; HkxoíÙk ç.ko çdk'ku] 1996

dk bfrgkl fnYyh
1- ^lk* 'kCnsuk=k Íp% cksèk% ^veks* uke Loj% rLekr~ Lojlfgrk Ípk
;=k xh;rs rr~ lke bfrA vFkkZr~ ;L;k Ípks xkua Hkofr rr~ lkeA
2- lkeosnlafgrk;ka (1875) i×plIrR;fèkdk"Vkn'k'kra eU=kk% lfUrA
3- lkeosns (28) v"Vkfoa'kR;è;k;k% lfUrA
4- vkXus;dk.Ms (62) f}"kf"VeU=kk% lfUrA
5- O;klf'k";s"kq tSfefu% lkeosnL;kè;srk vklhr~A
6- ÑrL; vuq;kf;u% dkrkZ%A ÑrL; f'k";k% bfrA
7- lkeosnL; çfrik|fo"k;% ;Kkuq"Bkus xkuijk nsorkukeqikluk bR;fLrA
8- lkeosnL; frÏks 'kk[kk% lEçfr çkI;UrsA dkSFkqeh;k] jk.kk;uh;k] tSfeuh;k
psfrA
9- lkexkua prqfoZèke~A xzkexs;xkue~] vkj.;xkue~] Ågxkue~] Åáxku×pA
10- ,dyÍpkeqifj xzkexs;xkua xh;rsA
11- fodkjk% v"Vfoèkk% lfUrA
12- "kM~t&Í"kHk&xkUèkkj&eè;e&i×pe&èkSor&fu"kknk% lIrLojk% lfUrA
13- Lojk% fofHkUusH;% i'kqif{keq[ksH;% çkIrk%A
14- lkeHkfDr bfr inL;kFkks¿Z fLr mn~xkr`x.kL; fofHkUuS% ÍfRofXHk% xh;ekuk%
xkuL; vo;ok% bfrA
15- Lojk.kke~ mRifÙkLFkkukfu d.B%] f'kj%] ukfldk] ân;e~] xzhok] eLrde~]
xzUFk;'p lfUrA
66
16- ekèkoL; dky% foØeL; "k"B'krda LohfØ;rsA vFkoZons lafgrk
17- HkjrLokfeu% ekrqukZe ^;Knknsoh* bfr vklhr~A

18- xq#fo".kks% çflf¼% fefFkyk;ka cÄõçns'ks pklhr~A
19- lk;.k% –h"VL; prqnZ'k'krkC|k mÙkjk¼sZ Hkk";jpuka Ñroku~A
4-11 vH;klç'uk%
1- lkeu~ 'kCnL;kFk± fy[krA
2- lkeosnL; egÙoa fde~\
3- egkukEU;kfpZosQ dfr ea=kk% lfUr\
4- lkeosnL; çfrik|fo"k;% d%\
5- xkukfu dfrfoèkkfu\
6- lkeosns dR;è;k;k% dfreU=kk'p lfUr\
7- vkXus;dk.Ms dfr[k.Mk% lfUr\
8- mÙkjkfpZosQ dfr eU=kk% lfUr\
9- lkeukefo"k;s dkj.kkfu dkfu\
10- lkeosn'kk[kk;k% çkP;ksnhP;èkkjk oqQr% çl`rk\
11- pj.kO;wgs dfr lkexkuka ukekfu feyfUr\ ukekfu ys[;kfuA
12- tSfeuh;'kk[kk;k% ifjp;ks ns;%A
13- lIrLojs"kq d% Loj% oqQr% çkIr% bfr ;kKoYD;fn'kk fy[krA
14- ekèkoL; ifjp;ks ns;%A
15- lk;.kkpk;Z% dL; vekR;% vklhr~\
w
67

osnifjp;%
i×pe% ikB% (vFkoZosnlafgrk)
ikBlajpuk
5-1 çLrkouk
5-2 mís';e~
5-3 vFkoZosnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%
5-3-1 vFkoZosnL; egÙoe~
5-3-2 vFkoZosnL; ukekfu
5-3-3 vFkoZosnL; çfrik|fo"k;%
5-3-4 vFkoZosnL; miosnk%
5-3-5 vFkoZosnL; Í"k;%
cksèkç'u%
5-4 vFkoZosnL; 'kk[kk
5-4-1 vFkoZosnL; f=kfoèklafgrk%
cksèkç'u%
5-5 vFkoZosnL; çeq[kkf.k lwDrkfu
cksèkç'uk%
5-6 osn=k;h osnprq"V;h ok
cksèkç'u%
5-7 vFkoZosnL; Hkk";dkjk%
cksèkç'u%
5-8 lkjka'k%
5-9 'kCnkoyh
5-10 lUnHkZxzUFk%
5-11 lgk;dxzUFk%
5-13 vH;klç'uk%
5-1 çLrkouk
vkpk;ZçFkeo"khZ;i×pei=kL; oSfndokÄ~e;sfrgklL; osnifjp;k[;L; çFke[k.ML;
i×Óes ikBs Hkorka Lokxre~A br% iwo± ÍXosnL; ;tqosZnL; lkeosnL; p lafgrkukeè;;ua
Hkork Ñre~A rfLeUuso Øes vfLeu~ ikBs Hkoku~ vFkoZosnlafgrk;k% ,sfrgkflda o.kZua]
r=kksiof.kZrkuke~ ,sfgdiQyçnkr¤.kka fo"k;k.kk×Ó vè;;ua dfj";frA v=k cgqfoèkkuka
yksdksidkfjfo"k;k.kka] lekt&ifjokj&jk"Vªj{kkFk± fofgrkukeusdfoèkksik;kuka ppkZ orZrsA
5-2 mís';e~
Ø czãdeZfo"k;s Kkrqa 'k{;frA
Ø vFkoZosnL; ifjp;nkus leFkksZ Hkfo";frA
68
Ø vFkoZosns çfrikfnrfo"k;k.kka o.kZus oqQ'kyrka çkIL;frA vFkoZons lafgrk
Ø vFkoZosnsu lektdY;k.kL; rF;e~ mn~?kkVf;rqa çHkfo";frA

Ø ,sfgdiQyçkIr;s vFkoZosnL;kè;;ue~ vko';de~ bfr cksèkf;rqa 'k{;frA
Ø lafgrklq vFkoZosnL; ¯d LFkkua bfr nk<~;sZu oDrqa 'k{;frA
Ø vFkoZosnL; f=kfoèklafgrki{ka foLrjs.k O;k[;krqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA
Ø vFkoZosnL;kè;;usu dks ykHk% bfr ?kks"kf;rqa 'k{;frA
Ø vFkoZosns yksdksidkfjHkkouk;k% çdVhdj.ks n{kks Hkfo";frA
5-3 vFkoZosnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%

dL;kfi ;KL; ifjiw.kZrk;S pRokj% ÍfRotks HkofUrA rs"kq czãk uke ÍfRoo~Q
vè;{kks HkofrA ;rks fg v;a loZosnKkrk HkofrA vL; çèkkudk;± ;KL; foèkkukuka
fujh{k.ka lEHkkfor=kqV~;k% ektZu×p HkofrA ÍXosnkn;% =k;ks osnk% vkeqf"eda iQya
ç;PNfUr] ijUrq vFkoZosn% vkeqf"eosQu lg ,sfgdefi iQya ç;PNfrA vFkoZosns
'kkUR;k% ikSf"Vddk;ZL; p lEiknuk; foèkkukfu mDrkfu lfUrA vFkoZosnL; ifjf'k"Vs
fyf[krefLrµ ¶;L; jkK% tuins¿FkoZosnL; Kkrk fuolfr rL; jk"Vªa fu#iæoks HkwRok
o`f¼a xPNfrA** vusu çdkjs.k ,sfgd&vkeqf"ed&ykSfdd&ikjykSfddfo"k;k.kka çfrikndRosu
vFkoZosn% oSfndlafgrklq LooSf'k"V~;a HktrsA
vFkoZosnL; vè;;ue~ bg vifjgk;ZRosu vfuok;ZRosu pksDrefLrA vFkoZlafgrk;k
vè;;ua ;% djksfr l ^czãk* bfr ukEuk mP;rsA ^czãk* bfr inL; vFk± oqQoZrk
fu#Drdkjs.k mDraµ¶czãk loZfoèk% lo± osfnrqegZfrA¸ (fu-&1@3@9) loZfoèk% bR;usu
insu =k;hfoèkkla;qDr% bR;FkksZ cqè;rsA =k;hfoèkk uke ÍX;tqLlkesfr osn=k;hA rLekr~
loZons L;kè;;ua vlkS djksfr] vr ,o ¶czãk ifjo`<% Jqrr%¸ (fu-&1@3@9) bR;qDr%A
vFkkZr~ czãk uke ÍfRoo~Q prq..kk± ÍfRotka eè;s ifjo`<%=uk;d%] çHkq% HkofrA czã.kk
lg vL; osnL; lEcUèkks¿fLrA rLekr~ vFkoZosnL; egÙoa losZ"kq osns"kq egÙoiw.kZefLrA
5-3-1 vFkoZosnL; egÙoe~

Ñ".k}Sik;uks osnO;kl% Lof'k";s"kq lqeUrqukeda f'k";a vFkoZosna
vè;kfiroku~A vFkoZons s tulkekU;k; mi;ksfxuka fof'k"VeU=kk.kka lÄïyuefLrA lkekU;tuk%
'kkfUrikSf"VddeZ.k%] rqykiq#"kkfnnkuL; p egrha vko';drke~ vuqHkofUrA rs"kka
leLrkfHkpkfjdfØ;k.kka foèkkukfu v=k mDrkfu lfUrA HkkSfrdfoKkuL;] HkS"kT;foKkuL;
p fl¼kUrkuka fof'k"VlÄïyueFkoZosns¿fLrA vusdfoèkjksxL;] 'kkjhfjdçrhdkjL;]
vkS"kèkknhuk×p fo"k;s oSKkfudrF;kuka Kkue~ vfLeu~ osns çkI;rsA v=k vusdkfu
lwDrkfu&HkS"kT;lwDre~] vk;q";lwDre~] çk;f'pÙke~] L=khdekZf.k] jktdekZf.k] i`fFkohlwDre~]
czã.;kfu bR;knhfu ykSfddfo"k;çfrikndkfu lfUrA vusu usna flè;fr ;n;a osn%
;KfoèkkuL; mis{kka djksfrA vfirq ;KL; lEcUèks¿fHkpkjs.k lg fo'ks"k:is.k çfr"Brks¿fLrA
vL; osnL;ksís';a ;n~ LoxZçkIR;k lg lkalkfjdkH;qn;% 'k=kw.kka ijkt;% p L;kr~A vusu
çdkjs.k vFkoZosns ;kfKdHkkouk;ka fodklØeL;Sd% ifjp;ks¿fi izkI;rsA ,oafoèkçR;;kuka 69

osnifjp;% ifjp;kFk± vFkoZosn% euq";k.kkfefrgkls lokZfèkdçkphuxzUFkjRuefLrA vFkkZr~ ;kfKdfoèkku&
O;k[;kusu lg ;KdrZ¤.kka euq";k.kke~ brjleL;kuka lekèkkue~ vL; eq[;a y{;e~A
rLekr~ oSfndlkfgR;s vFkoZosnL; LFkkue~ vrho vuqieefLrA
5-3-2 vFkoZosnL; ukekfu

^vFkoZ*'kCnL; fu#fDr% ;kLosQuksDre~µ ¶FkoZfr%=pjfrdekZ rr~ çfr"ksèk%¸
vFkkZr~ FkoZ.ka=FkoksZ xeua rr~ vfLr ,"kke~ bfr FkoZoUr%A u FkoZoUr bfr vFkoZoUr%] r
,o vFkokZ.k%A fLFkjçÑr;ks fg rs HkoUrhR;FkZ%A (fu#Drs&11@3@23)A
vL; vFkoZosnL; vusdkfu ukekfu çkIrkfu HkofUrA ;Fkkµ vFkoZosn&
czãosn&{k=kosn&vfÄõjksons &vFkokZfÄõjlosn&Hk`XofÄõjlosn bR;knhfuA lEçfr los"Z kkefHkèkkukuka
fo"k;s la{ksis.k mP;rsµ
vFkoZosn%µ ^FkoZ* èkkrq dkSfVY;kFkZ%] fgalkokpd%] xeukFkZd'pkfLrA
vr ,o vFkoZ'kCnL; vFkksZ Hkofr voqQfVyrko`Ù;k] vfgalko`Ù;k p eul% LFkS;çZ kIrdÙkkZ tu%A
czãosn%µ czãdeZçfrikndRokr~ vFkok czãKkuL; çfrikndRokr~
vL; osnL; uke ^czãosn* bfr vfLrA
{k=kosn%µ {kf=k;oa'ktk% ,o jktine~ vyÄ~oqQoZfUrA rs"kka {kf=k;k.kka
jkKka fofoèk&jktuSfrD;%] vFkZuhfr&n.MuhfrlEc¼k% lkexzÔ% v=k of.kZrk% rLeknL;
osnL; uke ^{k=kosn* bfr vHkor~A
vfÄõjksosn%µ vfÄõjk% df'pr~ Íf"kfo'ks"k%A l fg vFkoZosnL; vusosQ"kka
lwDrkuka æ"Vk] rsu lEc¼ks¿;a osn% vfÄõjksosnukEuk [;kr%A vfÄõjksukekfXu% ?kksjs.k
Lo:is.k nq"Vku~ fuokj;fr] rLekr~ vfHkpkfjoSQ% deZfHk% lg lEc¼% osn% ^vfÄõjksosn*
bR;qP;rsA
vFkokZfÄõjlosn%µ bnefHkèkkue~ vFkoZosnL; loZçkphuefLrA vFkokZ
vfÄõjk psfrA ^vFkokZfÄõjl* }U}ukEu% dkj.kfenefLr ;nfLeu~ osns mHkkH;ka Íf"kH;ka
n`"Vk% eU=kk% lÄïfyrk% lfUrA r=kkfi fo'ks"ks.k vFkokZ 'kkfUrdikSf"Vd&eU=kk.kke~] vfÄõjk
p vkfHkpkfjdeU=kk.kka n'kZua Ñroku~A rLekr~ vL; ^vFkokZfÄõjLkosn* bfr ukekHkwr~A
Hk`XofÄõjlosn%µ v=k }U}leklsu Hk`xq&vfÄõjlks% };ks% laosQrks feyfrA
r=k ¶Hk`x.w kkefÄõjLka rilk rI;èoe~¸ bR;usu ;tqop
Z usu Hk`xçq k.k% vfÄõjkçk.k'p ^vfXu&lkse*
:is.k O;k[;kr%A r;ks% ijLijlEcUèksu ,okL; txr% lal`f"V% HkofrA rkH;ka lEc¼ks¿;a
osn% ^Hk`XofÄõjlosn* bR;qP;rsA Hk`xq'p vfÄõjk% p mHkkS Í"kh vkLrke~A r;ks% ukEuk
lEc¼% rFkk p Hk`xq&vfÄõjLkkH;ka n`"Vkuka eU=kk.kka lÄ~xzg.kkr~ ^Hk`XofÄõjl* bfr vHkor~A
,oa mDrçdkjs.k vusosQ"kke~ vfHkèkkukuka ,sfrgkflosQu foospusu bna
flè;fr ;r~ ^czãk* 'kkfUrdikSf"VddeZ.kke~] ?kksjrekukekfHkpkfjddeZ.kka p lE;x~ Kkrk
Hkofr rLekn;a ÍfRoXx.kL; usrk HkofrA
5-3-3 vFkoZosnL; çfrik|fo"k;%

70 dfLeÂfi ns'ks lekts ok f}izdkjdk% n`';Urs tuk% fuEuLrjh;k%
mPpLrjh;k'pA mHk;ks% vkpkj&fopkjk%] dÙkZO;kfu] #P;kn;'p fHkÂk% HkofUrA mHk;ks% vFkoZons lafgrk
dfork¿fi fHkÂk ,oA ,oeso ÍXosnkFkoZosn;kseZè;s Hksnks n`';rsA Íxkfnosn=k;s"kq
ikjykSfddfo"k;k% foosfprk%] ijeFkoZosns ,sfgdfo"k;k.kka foLr`rkfu foospukfu lfUrA
ÍXosnh;fopkjk.kk×pkèkkj% fof'k"VdksfVdtuthouefLrA vFkoZosnh;fopkjk.kka èkjkrya
lkekU;tuthouefLrA tulkekU;L;kusdfoèk&foJEHkk% fofp=kk% foy{k.kk'p HkofUrA
dL;kfi #t% funkudkys vkfèknSfoddkj.ke~ misf{krqa u 'kD;rsA rFkSokfèkHkkSfrdkè;kfRedefiA
,rLeknso dkj.kkr~ vFkoZosnL; foospue~ vU;osnkuke~ vis{k;k furkUra
fuxw<a foy{k.k×ÓkfLrA vfLeu~ osns of.kZrkuka fo"k;k.kka foHkktuaµ (1) vkè;kfRede~
(2) vkfèkHkkSfrde~ (3) vkfèknSfod×psfr f=kèkk drq± 'kD;rsA vè;kReçdj.kss&eq[;r%
czãthofo"k;da] ijekRefo"k;da o.kZua pkfLrA vfèkHkwrçdj.ks&jkT;'kklu&lÄ~xzke&
'k=kq&okguknhuka p o.kZuefLrA vkfèknSfodçdj.ks&ukuknsorkuka] fofoèkkuka ;Kkuka dkyknhuka
p fo"k;s i;kZIrfo"k;k.kka lÄïyuefLrA f=kfoèkrkiksi'keukFk± HkS"kT;fo|k;k% o.kZue=k
çpqjr;k ÑrefLrA rL; fun'kZukFk± dfri;lwDrkU;=kksn~fèkz;Ursµ
1- HkS"kT;lwDre~µ vfLeu~ çdj.ks Toj&rDek&dq’&x.Mekyk&
cykl&;{ek&dkl&nUrihMknhuka fofoèkjksxk.kka] liZfo"kknhuk×p y{k.ka jksx.s kksRiÂfodkjk.kka]
rs"kkekS"kèkhuka p fo"k;s fofoèkyrk&xqYe&o`{k&ouLiR;knhuka o.kZuefLrA
2- vk;q";lwDre~µ vfLeu~ foHkkxs nh?kkZ;q"ks cgqfoèkk% eU=kk% lfUrA
ikfjokfjd&egksRlokuke~ voljs"kq ;Fkk&ckydkuka eq.Mus] fd'kksjk.kka xksnkus] miu;us]
fookgs rFkk pkU;kU;s"kq iokZfn"kq ,rs"kka eU=kk.kka fo'ks"kç;ksxks Hkofr vk;qo¼
Z uZ k;A j{kklw=kèkkj.kL;
fo'ks"kfoèkkue=k izkI;rsA
3- ikSf"Vdkfuµ vfLeu~ foHkkxs x`gfuekZ.kk;] lhjd"kZ.kk;] chtoiuk;]
vUuksRiknuk;] iq"V~;FkkZ;] fons'kxeuk;] O;kikjk;] ukukfoèkk'khokZnk; p çkFkZuk vfLrA
o`f"Vgsrks% çkFkZuk] o`"V~;k'p vrho je.kh;a lkfgfR;da p o.kZue=kkfLrA
4- çk;f'pÙkkfuµ pkfjf=kd=kqVs% èkkfeZdfojksèkL; p dkj.kkn~ rFkk
KkrkKkrkijkèkgsrquk] èkeZ'kkL=ks.k oftZrfookgdkj.ksu] Í.kçfr'kksèkfoghugsrquk] fofo/kU;&
fo#¼kpj.ksu ok ;s vijkèkk% HkofUr rs"kka losZ"kka nwjhdj.kk;k=k çk;f'pÙkL; foèkkuefLrA
5- L=khdekZf.kµ fookgfo"k;dkfu çsefo"k;dkfu p cgwfu lwDrkfu
lfUrA ,rs"kq lwDrs"kq iq=kksRiknuk;] l|kstkrf'k'kks% j{k.kk; p HkO;k çkFkZuk vfLrA vusu
Øes.k&ekj.k&eksgu&mPpkVu&o'khdj.kknhuka fØ;k.kka cgqyç;ksxk% of.kZrk% lfUrA
6- jktdekZf.kµ jktfHk% lEc¼kfu cgwfu lwDrkfu vFkoZons s leqiyCèkkfu
lfUrA ;Fkk& 'k=kw.kka fouk'kk; çkFkZuk] lÄ~xzkeL; rnqi;ksfxuka lkèkukuka p ;Fkk&
jFk&nqUnqfHk&'kÄ~[kknhuka fo'ks"kfooj.kefLrA (3@4) lwDrs ekuoS% lg vf'ou~&
fe=kko#.k&e#r~&o#.kkfn}kjs.k jkK% laoj.kL;kfi o.kZuefLrA
7- nqUnqfHklwDre~µ ¶;Fkk flagL; xtZua JqRok çkf.kuks Hk;Hkhrk%
HkofUr] rFkSo gs nqUnqHks! Roe~ vLekda 'k=kqEçfr xtZua oqQ#A rku~ Hk;kØkUrku~ oqQ#]
lEeksfgrku~ oqQ#] ;su ;q¼s rs"kka 'kDrs% ßklks Hkorq rFkk rs 'k=ko% 'kh?kzeso fouk'ka
xPNUrq¸ bfr çkFkZu;k 'k=kw.kka =kkluL; eksguL; p çkFkZuk v=k orZrsA 71

osnifjp;% 8- i`fFkohlwDre~µ vfLeu~ lwDrs ekr`HkwE;k% vrho euksgkfj.kh dYiuk
Ñrk¿fLrA v=k ekr`Hkwfe% ltho:is.k fpf=krk¿fLr ¶ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kks¿ga i`fFkO;k%¸
(12@1@12) bfr eU=kks¿;a vrhoksnkÙkHkkouk;k% çjsdks¿fLrA lwDrs¿fLeu~ i`fFkO;k%
lokZÄõh.ka Lo:ie~ miLFkkfirefLrA
9- czã.;kfuµ lwDrs¿fLeu~ txr% ijerÙoHkwrL; ijekReu% Lo:iL;
dk;ZL; p foospuefLrA v=k lexzn'kZu'kkL=kL; xEHkhjrerF;kuka fo'knleh{kk Ñrk¿fLrA
lSo ijekRek dkyukEuk txr%] i`fFkO;k%] vijyksdL;] pksRiknd% fu;Urk pkfLrA dky
,o leLrL; çi×ÓL;kfèk"BkuefLrA vFkkZr~ ijczã.k% v=k dky:is.k o.kZuefLrA ;Fkkµ
dkys ri% dkys T;s"Ba dkys czãlekfgre~A
dkyks fg loZL;s'ojks ;% firk¿¿lhr~ çtkirs%AA
(19@53@8) bfrA
10- ozkR;e~µ lEçfr miyCèkk;k% vFkoZons L; 'kkSud'kk[kk;k% i×pn'krea
dk.Ma ozkR;dk.MukEuk ifjph;rsA ôzkR;* bfr inL; yk{kf.kdkFkksZ¿fLr& ^czã* bfrA
vL;So czã.k% Lo:iL; rFkk rLeknso leqRiUul`f"VØeL; foLrjs.k O;ofLFkra p
o.kZue~ vfLeu~ dk.Ms izkI;rsA
vusuksi;qZDrsu fooj.ksu fl¼Ôfr ;r~ vFkoZosns cgqfoèkfo"k;k% ,dhÑrk%
lfUrA ijUrq los"Z kkefi fo"k;k.kka LoHkkoknso =kSfoè;Roa ,o HkofrA rLekr~ f=kfoèkrkiksi'keukFkkZ%
,sfgdkeqf"edfo"k;k v=k ljysu 'kCnsu of.kZrk% lfUrA fo'ks"k:is.k lkekftdfo"k;k.kka
çfriknue=kkrho lq"Bq vfLrA
5-3-4 vFkoZosnL; miosnk%

xksiFkczkã.ksµ ¶l fn'kks¿UoS{kr çkpha nf{k.kka çrhphe~ mnhpha èkzqoke~
ÅèokZe*~ ] î×Óosnku~ fujfeehr liZons e~ fi'kkposne~ vlqjosne~ bfrgklosne~ iqjk.kosne~¸
(xks-czk-& 1@10) bR;qDre~A vu;k mDR;k vFkoZosnL; i×Óksiosnk% lUrhfr lqfuf'pra
HkofrA vFkoZosnlafgrk;k% Hkk";kjEHks miksn~?kkrs lk;.kkpk;sZ.k bna rF;a Li"VhÑre~µ
¶vFkoZosnL; liZosnkn;% i×Óksiosnk% vÄõRosu leuUrja czã.kk l`"Vk%¸ bfrA
r=k liZosns liZfo"k;dkfu fofHkUukfu O;k[;kukfu lfUrA fi'kkposns p
Hkwr&çsr&fi'kkp&Mkfduh&'kkfdU;knhuka çHkko% rL;kfHkpkj'pkfi lq"Bqr;k çfrikfnrks¿fLrA
;rks fg ,"kka Hkwrçsrfi'kkpknhuke~ vfLrRoa rFkSo vfLeu~ èkjkrys ;Fkk HkwryL; n`';çkf.kuke~A
,rs vn`';k% lUrks¿fi n`';ekus txfr ,o fuolfUrA rs"kken`';çkf.kuke~ vfHkpkjk;
fi'kkposn% fufeZr%A vlqjosns vlqjk.kka ;Kfo?kkrdkuka dhn`'ka mRikrkfnda rL; p
fd;kufHkpkj% bfr of.kZr%A bfrgklosns ,sfrgkfld?kVukuka lÄ~xzgks¿fLr rsu ekuok%
çf'kf{krk% HkofUr Hkkfothouk;A iqjk.kosnL; egÙoa Hkqfo dks u tkukfr\ v"Vkn'kiqjk.kkfu
rs"kka iquj"Vkn'kksiiqjk.kkfu lfUrA ,rs"kka losZ"kkeI;qiosnkuke~ vè;;usu ekuothouL;
loZfoèkHk;&Dys'k&mRikrkn;% u';fUr] vKkurk] vèkkfeZdrk p fou';frA ;su ekuo%
lq"Bqthoua thouk; leFkksZ HkofrA
;|fi Lo:in'kZusu fØ;kdykiçn'kZusu p vk;qosZnks¿fi vFkoZosnL;So
72 miosn bo Hkklrs ije~ vk;qonsZ L; miosnRoa ÍXosnk; LohoqQoZfUr fo}kal%A pjdlqJqrkfnfHk%
vk;qosZnkpk;SZ% rq vk;qZosZnks¿fi vFkoZosnL; miosns"kq ,o x.;rsA fdUrq u rL; rFkk vFkoZons lafgrk
flf¼% latkrsfrA
5-3-5 vFkoZosnL; Í"k;%

lkEçreqiyH;ekuk;ka vFkoZosnL; 'kkSudh;'kk[kk;ka foa'kfrdk.Mkfu
"kV~f=ka'knfèkdlIr'kra lwDrkfu (736) lIrk'khR;fèkoSQdksu"kf"V'kra (5987) eU=kk'p
lfUrA
xksiFkczkã.kkuqlkjs.k vFkokZÍf"k% foa'kR;k (20) Íf"kfHk% n`"Vkuka eU=kk.kka
lafgrk:is.k lÄïyua ÑRok çopua Ñroku~A lk ,o lafgrk ewy:is.k vFkoZosnlafgrk
vfLrA Hkk";dkj% lk;.k% ,oa dFk;fr ;r~ vFkokZfÄõjLkkH;ka eg£"kH;ke~ mRiUuk foa'kfrÍ"kh.kka
eU=kk% ;=k lax`ghrk%] lk lafgrk vFkoZlafgrsfrA r=k Í"kh.kka lÄ~[;k foa'kfrjfLr rLekn=k
foa'kfrdk.Mkfu lfUrA
vFkoZlafgrk;ka i×peka'keU=kk% (1200) }kn'k'krlÄ~[;dk% ÍXosnkr~
lk{kknqiLFkkfirk% lfUrA rsu ÍXoSfndk Í"k;% Hkj}kt&of'k"B&fo'okfe=k&d.okn;%]
rs"kka oa'ktk% p Í"k;% rq lUR;so] rnfrfjDrk% vFkokZ_ vfÄõjk_ Hk`Xokn;'p lfUr bfr
fuf'pr:is.k oDrqa 'kD;rsA
cksèkç'u%
1- prq"kZq O;klf'k";s"kq vFkoZosnL;kè;srk d% vklhr~\
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2- ^czã* 'kCnL; d% vFkZ%\

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3- vFkoZosnL; =khf.k ukekfu fy[krA

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4- vFkoZosns fde~ of.kZrefLr\

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73

osnifjp;% 5- vFkoZosnL; dfr miosnk%\ osQ p rs\
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5-4 vFkoZosnL; 'kk[kk

egkHkk";dkjs.k ir×tfyuk iLi'kkfÉosQ ûoèkk¿FkoZ.kks osn%* bR;qDre~A vusukFkoZons L;
uo'kk[kk% lfUrA rs ;Fkkµ (1) iSIiykn%] (2) LrkSn%] (3) eksn%] (4) 'kkSudh;%]
(5) tkty%] (6) tyn%] (7) czãon%] (8) nson'kZ%] (9) pkj.koS|'p bfrA
vklq uo'kk[kklq lkEçraa iSIiykn'kkSudk[;s }s ,o 'kk[ks miyCèks Lr%A
1- iSIiykn'kk[kk& fiIiykneqfu% ,d% egku~ vè;kReosÙkk vklhr~A lqosQ'k&
Hkj}ktkfn&"kM~equhuka Lokè;kRefo"k;d&la'k;fuokj.kkFk± fiIiyknequs% ik'osZ vkxeuL;
mYys[kks feyfrA ç'uksifu"kfn fiIiyknsu nÙkkfu mÙkjk.;fi lqjf{krkfu lfUrA iqjk vL;
lafgrk;k% fo'ks"kk [;kfr% vklhr~A egkHkk";kuqlkja ¶'kUuks nsohjfHk"V;¸ bfr çFke% eU=k%
vfLrA lEçfr çpfyrk;ka 'kkSud'kk[kk;ka eU=kks¿;a "k"BlwDrL; çFke% eU=kks¿fLrA
2- 'kkSudh;k 'kk[kk& lEçfr çpfyrk vFkoZosnlafgrk 'kkSud'kk[kk;k vfLrA
vL;k% 'kk[kk;k% çFke% eU=k ^;s f=k"kIrk%* bR;fLrA vL;ka lafgrk;ka (20) foa'kfrdk.Mkfu
(736) "kV~f=ka'knfèkdlIr'kra lwDrkfu (5987) lIrk'khR;qÙkjuo'krkfèkdi×plgÏeU=kk%
lfUrA
5-4-1 vFkoZosnL; f=kfoèklafgrk%

vFkoZosnL; f=kfoèklafgrk% lfUrA vklka ukEu% Lo:iL; p ifjp;%
dkSf'kdlw=kL; nkfjyHkk";s izkI;rsA f=kfoèkkuke~ vklka lafgrkuka ukekfu lfUrµ
(1) vk"khZlafgrk] (2) vkpk;Zlafgrk] (3) fofèkç;ksxlafgrk psfrA vklka lafgrk=k;k.kka
laf{kIrifjp;ks nh;rsµ
1- vk"khZlfa grkµ ;L;ka lafgrk;ka Íf"kfHk% ijEijkxrçkIreU=kk.kka lÄïyue~
vfLr] lk lafgrk ^Íf"klafgrk*] ^vk"khZlafgrk* ok dF;rsA
2- vkpk;Zlafgrkµ miu;ukuUrja vkpk;Z% vè;kiudkys Lof'k";ku~
osQoya eU=ks lekxrukuka uohuka'kkuke~ vè;kiue~ vdkj;r~A ,rs"kka uohueU=kk.kka lÄ~xzg
,o ^vkpk;Zlafgrk* bR;qP;rsA
3- fof/ç;ksxlafgrkµ ;L;ka lafgrk;ka eU=kk.kka ç;ksx% dL;kfi
fof'k"Vfoèks% vuq"Bkuk; Hkofr] lk ^fofèkç;ksxlafgrk* bfr dF;rsA vL; vuq"BkuL;koljs
,dL;So eU=kL; fofHkUuinkfu foHkT; vfHkuoeU=kL; fuekZ.ka fØ;rsA r|Fkkµ
ÍrqH;"V~ok¿¿ÙkZosH;ks eknH;ks laoRljsH;%A
èkk=ks foèkk=ks le`èks HkwrL; ir;s ;kusAA
,"k% eU=k% vk"khZlfa grk;k% orZrAs vL; eU=kL; v/ksfyf[krk% foHkkxk% lfUrµ
74
1- ÍrqH;% Rok ;ts LokgkA vFkoZons lafgrk
2- vkrZosH;% Rok ;ts LokgkA

3- ekn~H;% Rok ;ts LokgkA
4- laoRljsH;% Rok ;ts LokgkA
5- èkk=ks Rok ;ts LokgkA
6- foèkk=ks Rok ;ts LokgkA
7- le`èks Rok ;ts LokgkA
8- HkwrL; ir;s Rok ;ts LokgkA
vFkkZr~ foèkkS ç;qDrHkkfouka ,rs"kka eU=kk.kka leqnk;% ^fofèkç;ksxlafgrk*
dF;rsA Hksnks¿;a fofèkç;ksxlafgrk;k% çFkeks¿fLrA vusu çdkjs.k vL;k vU;s vfi pRokjks
Hksnk% HkofUrA rs ;Fkkµ
1- vfHkuo'kCnk% eU=ks"kq lÄïfyrk% HkofUrA
2- dL;kfi eU=kL; ^vkorZue~* lwDrL; çfreU=ks.k Hkofr] rsu
eU=kk.kka la[;k f}xqf.krk HkofrA
3- dfLeaf'pnfi lwDrs lekxrkuka eU=kk.kka ØeL; ifjorZua HkofrA
4- dL;kfi eU=kL;k¼ZHkkxeso lEiw.kZeU=ka eRok ç;ksxks HkofrA
,oeqDrçdkjs.k vk"khZlafgrk;k% eU=kk.kka fofèkç;ksxlafgrk;ka i×pçdkjs.k
ç;ksxk% HkofUrA rsu Kk;rs ;r~ Íf"klafgrk ,o ewylafgrk vfLrA vkpk;Zlafgrk;ke~ vL;
la{ksihdj.ka HkofrA fofèkç;ksxlafgrk;ka p vL; foLr`rhdj.ka HkofrA
cksèkç'u%
6- vFkoZosnL; dfr 'kk[kk% mDrk% lfUr\
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7- miyCèk'kk[kkuka ukekfu dkfu\

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8- 'kkSud'kk[kk;ka dfrdk.Mkfu\
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osnifjp;% 9- vk"khZlafgrk uke fde~\
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10- fofèkç;ksxlafgrk;k% dk ifjHkk"kk\

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5-5 vFkoZosnL; çeq[kkfu lwDrkfu

lEiw.ksZ vFkoZosns (736) "kV~f=ka'knfèkdlIr'krlwDrkfu lfUrA rs"kq losZ"kq lwDrs"kq
dkfupu lwDrkfu çeq[kkfu ekuothouk; vR;Urksi;ksxhfu p lfUrA rkfu ;Fkkµ HkS"kT;&
lwDre~] vk;q";lwDre~] vfHkpkjLkwDre~] fookglwDre~] ijLijfpÙkSdhdj.ke~] nq%LoIuuk'kue~]
lkaeuL;e~] jktdekZf.k] ikSf"Vdkfu] çk;f'pÙkkfu] czã.;dekZf.k] czãxohlwDre~] fojkV~lDw re~]
eèkqfo|klwDre~] Í"kHklwDre~] dkelwDre~] vfrfFklwDre~] i×pkSnuktlwDre~] vkRelwDre~]
czãçdk'kulwDre~] lokZèkkjczãlwDre~] T;s"BczãlwDre~] 'krkSnuk xkS%] o'kk xkS%] czãkSnue~]
vksnue~] izk.k%] czãpkjh] mfPN"Vczã] vè;kRe] LoxkSZnu] jksfgr] ozkR;dk.Me~]
(fojkV~lwDrknkjH; ozkR;dk.Ma ;kor~ l`f"Vfo"k;dkfu czãlEcUèkhfu lwDrkfu lfUr)
ioekulwDre~] vkçhlwDre~] firèsèkknhfu] oqQUrkilwDre~A bR;knhU;usdkfu lwDrkfu lfUr
çeq[kkfuA losZ"kka fooj.ke~ v=k lEHkoa u] rLekr~ osQ"kk×pu lwDrkuka la{ksis.k ifjp;ks
nh;rsA
1- HkS"kT;lwDre~µ HkS"kT;lwDrs"kq rDeu~&;{ek&oqQ"B&dkl&DyhcRo&x.Mekyk&
mUeÙkrk&ew=kkojksèk&#fèkjÏko&âæksx&{ksf=k;& jksxknhuka 'keukFk± fofoèkkS"kèkhukeqYys[k% vfLrA
vFkoZosnL; çfrik|fo"k;s"kq HkS"kT;a eq[;e~ vfLrA
2- vk;q";kf.kµ vk;q";oxkZUrxZr"s kq lwDrs"kq ekuokuka nh?kkZ;"q ;k; leqfprLokLF;k;
p dkeuk% lfUrA nh?kkZ;q";s ckèkdkuka jksxk.kka Ñeh.kka fouk'kk;] nsorkuka çlUurk;S p
Lrqr;% lfUrA miu;u&pwM+kdj.k&xksnku&ukedj.kk|oljs"kq vk;q";lwDrkuka fofu;ksxks¿fLrA
3- vfHkpkjdekZf.kµ vfLeu~ oxsZ 'k=kqckèkkfuokj.ke~] vlqjfouk'kue~] ekj.k&eksgu&
o'khdj.k&mPÓkVu&fo}s"k.kLrEHkuknhuka fo"k;k.kka o.kZukfu lfUrA
4- L=khdekZf.kµ ;s"kq lwDrs"kq L=khlEcfUèkdekZf.k fookg&xHkkZèkku&tkrdeZ&L=khiq#"k;ks%
ijLija çselEcUèkkfnfo"k;k% of.kZrk% lfUr] rkfu lwDrkfu L=khdekZf.k bfr ukEuk izfl¼kfu
lfUrA
5- lkaeuL;kfuµ vfLeu~ oxsZ ikfjokfjd&lkekftd&jktuSfrd&èkkfeZdthous
lke×tL;a LFkkiuk; Ñra o.kZua lax`ghra orZrsA
6- jktdekZf.kµ oxs¿Z fLeu~ jk"Vª&jk"Vªifr&çtk&ç'kklu&O;oLFkk&lSU;O;oLFkk&
76 jkT;dks"k&jkK'p;uk|usosQ fo"k;k% o£.krk% lfUrA
7- ikSf"Vdkfuµ ;s"kq lwDrs"kq&x`g&{ks=k&unh&vUu&o"kkZ&i'kq&v'o&O;kikj& vFkoZons lafgrk
çoklknhuka lqj{kk] o`f¼% iqf"V'psfr of.kZrefLr rkfu lwDrkfu vfLeu~ oxsZ lÄïfyrkfuA
8- çk;f'pÙkkfuµ vFkoZosnlafgrk;ka (40) pRokfja'kr~ lwDrkuka ,d% oxZ%
vfLrA rfLeu~ oxsZ fofHkUu&=kqfViw.kZdekZpj.ksu lEHkkfore~ vfu"Va nwjhdj.kk; {kek;kpuk]
nsoksikluk] gouknhuke~ mYys[kks feyfrA bna deZ çk;f'pÙk&laKdefLrA
9- czã.;dekZf.kµ ;s"kq lwDrs"kq czkã.kkuka egÙoa çfrikfnrefLr rkfu lwDrkfu
vfLeu~ oxsZ lÄ~xzghrkfu lfUrA
10- l`f"Vfo"k;dkfu czãlEcUèkhfu pµ ;s"kq lwDrs"kq l`f"VrÙoL; foospua
vkè;kfReda p fpUrua of.kZrefLr rkfu lwDrkfu vfLeu~ oxsZ LohÑrkfuA
11- ;kfKdkfuµ ;s"kq lwDrs"kq ;kfKd&ijEijk;k% lk{kkn~ foèkkukfu miLFkkfirkfu]
rkfu lwDrkfu v=k orZUrsA fo'ks"k:is.k vFkoZons L; foa'kfrres dk.Ms ÍXosnkr~ lk{kknkuhrkfu
lwDrkfu vL; fun'kZukfu lfUrA
12- ,dfo"k;dkfu dk.Mkfuµ vFkoZosnlafgrk;ka "kV~dk.Mkfu (13&18)
=k;ksn'kdk.Mkr~ v"Vkn'kdk.Mi;kZUrkfu rkn`'kkfu ;=k i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q ,oSQdL; fo"k;L;
çfriknuefLrA ;Fkk =k;ksn'kdk.Mss&czã:is.k jksfgrL; o.kZue~] prqnZ'kdk.Ms fookgfo"k;da
o.kZue~] i×pn'kdk.Ms&ozkR;:is.k czãfoospue~] "kksM'kdk.Ms nq%LoIufuokj.ke~] lIrn'kdk.Ms
vH;qn;fo"k;de~] v"Vkn'kdk.Ms&firèsèkfo"k;da o.kZu×p vL; lk{kkr~ fun'kZuefLrA
13- oqQUrkilwDre~µ vFkoZosnL; foa'kfrres dk.Ms (127&136) n'klwDrkuka
,d% oxZ% ;% [kyq oqQUrkiukEuk çfl¼ks¿fLrA ;|fi bekfu lwDrkfu f[kykfu eU;Urs_
rFkkfi vFkoZosnlafgrk;ke~ ,"kka lwDrkuke~ mifLFkfr% vfLrA
oqQega oSukeoqQfRlre~ r|Ùkifr rLekr~ oqQUrkik%A (xks-czk-&2@6@12)
vusu çdkjs.k vFkoZosnlafgrk;k% (çfl¼kuka) çeq[klwDrkuka =k;ksn'koxsZ"kq foHkktua
la{ksis.k rs"kka ifjp;'p çLrqrks¿fLrA
cksèkç'u%
11- HkS"kT;lwDroxsZ osQ"kka lwDrkuka xzg.ke~\
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12- vk;q";lwDrkuka fofu;ksx% osQ"kq deZlq Hkofr\

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77

osnifjp;% 13- ,dfo"k;dk.Ms"kq dfr dk.Mkfu vFkoZosnlafgrk;ka lfUr\
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14- oqQUrki'kCnL; d% vFkZ%\

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5-6 osn=k;h osnprq"V;h ok

losZ¿fi miyCèkk% osneU=kk% x|&i|&xhfr:is.k f=kfoèkk% lfUrA osneU=kk.kkfena
f=kfoèkRoeso ôsn=k;h* bfr O;ogkjL; eq[;e~ voyEcue~ vfLrA bna fg Lo:ia
ç;ksxkuqlkjs.k LohÑrefLrA rLekr~ Lo:iHksnkr~ ôsn=k;h* bfr lqçfl¼a okD;efLrA
fd×p] osneU=kk.kka lÄ~xzgn`"V~;k deZçfriknujhR;k p osnk% lfUr prqfoZèkk%A lafgrkHksnkr~&
ÍDlafgrk] ;tq%lafgrk] lkelafgrk] vFkoZlafgrk psfr prÏ% lafgrk% lfUrA
ôsnprq"V;h* bR;=k ,de~ vije~ vfi dkj.ke~ vfLr ;r~ ôsnk fg
;KkFkZefHkço`Ùkk%* (osnkÄõ T;ks-&'yksd&3) bfr opukr~ ¶nqnksg ;Kfl¼~;FkZe`X;tqLlke&
y{k.ke~¸ (euq-&2@6) bfr opukr~ p osnkuka ço`fÙk% ;KkFkZeso vHkwr~ bfr fl¼ÔfrA
r=k ;Ks pRokjks ÍfRot% çeq[k:is.k HkofUrA prq..kk± ÍfRotka vè;;uk;
deZçfriknuk; p eU=kk.kka prqfoZèkRoa dfYire~A rnuq ÍÄ~eU=ks.k gksrk ;Ks"kq nsoku~
vkà;fr] ;tqeZU=ks.k pkèo;qZ% ;Ks vkokfgrku~ nsoku~ vkgqfrçnkusu æO;kfnuk p ;tfr]
lkeeU=ks.k mn~xkrk rs"kka nsorkuka çlUurk;S lLoja xhra xk;fr] czãk p ;Ks tkrkuka =kqVhuka
ektZua çk;f'pÙkL; p foèkkua djksfrA ,rLekr~ dkj.kkr~ prq..kk± ÍfRotka prqfoZèkdeZ.kka
n`"V~;k osnkuka prqfoZèka lÄïyua Ñrfefr LiqQVa HkofrA
vrks¿usu çdkjs.k bna fl¼a Hkofr ;r~ Lo:iHksnkr~ osnk% f=kfoèkk% ija eU=kç;ksxHksnkr~
lafgrkHksnkPp osnk% lfUr pRokj%A rLekr~ ôsn=k;h* ôsnprq"V;h* bR;qHk;efi i{ka
lcya lro±Q lçek.ka lsfrgkla lxkSjoa lqfl¼a pkeufUr cq/k%A
cksèkç'u%
15- Lo:iHksnkr~ osnk% dfrfoèkk%\
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16- lafgrkHksnkr~ osnk% dfrfoèkk%\

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78 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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vFkoZons lafgrk
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17- ôsn=k;h* eè;s osQ"kka osnkuka xzg.ke~ Hkofr\

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18- osnprq"VÕ;ka osQ"kka osnkuka xzg.ka Hkofr\

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5-7 vFkoZosnL; Hkk";dkjk%

vFkoZons L; lk;.kkpk;kZr~ iwooZ rhZ u dks¿fi Hkk";dkjks¿Hkor~A lk;.kLrq lEiw.kkZ;ke~
vFkoZlafgrk;ka Hkk";a fyf[kroku~] fdUrq çdkf'kxzUFks"kq }kn'kdk.Mkuke~ (1&4] 6&8]
11] 17&20) ,o Hkk";e~ miyCèka HkofrA vusu çdkjs.kkL; osnL; lk;.kHkk";efi
viw.kZe~ ,okfLrA
osnL; Hkk";dkjs"kq lk;.kkpk;ZL; LFkkua loksiZ fj orZrAs oSfndlkfgR;s miyH;ekukuka
çk;% losZ"kkefi xzUFkkukeqifj vusu Hkk";a fyf[kre~A v;a fot;uxjlkezkT;L; Jher%
ohjcqDdL; çèkku% vekR;% vklhr~A ekèkokpk;Z% vL; vxzt%] rsu çsfjr% lu~ v;a
Hkk";jpuk;ka ço`Ùkks¿Hkwr~A rLekr~ rsu Lodh;osnHkk";L; uke êkèkoh;e~* bfr lafKre~A
vL; tUe Hkkj}ktxks=kL; nkf{k.kkR;L; Jher% ek;.kL; x`gs rL; Hkk;kZ;k% Jhek;h
bR;k[;k;k% mnjkr~ prqnZ'k'krosQ vHkwr~A vL; vuqtL; uke HkksxukFk bR;klhr~A
osnkuka çfl¼Hkk";dkjL;kL; =k;ks xqjo% vklu~&fo|krhFkZ%] HkkjrhrhFkZ%] Jhd.B'pA
v;a fg egku~ xq#HkDr% vklhr~A rL; n`‘kS xq#% ijekReLo:i% vklhr~A vr ,o lk;.k%
çfrosnHkk";kUrs xqjksukZe vo';a LejfrA ;Fkkµ
;L; fu%'oflra osnk% ;ks osnsH;ks¿f[kya txr~A
fueZes rega oUns fo|krhFk± egs'oje~AA
cksèkç'u%
19- lk;.kkpk;ZL; firqukZe fde~\
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20- lk;.kL; vuqtL; uke fde~\

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79

osnifjp;% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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21- dL; vekR;% vklhr~ lk;.k%\

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22- lk;.kL; dfr xq#o% vklu~\ osQ p rs\

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5-8 lkjka'k%
oSfnd;Ks"kq pRokjks ÍfRotks HkofUrA prq..kkZefi ÍfRotka deZçfriknuk;
osneU=kk% prl`"kq lafgrklq lÄïfyrk% lfUrA r=k czãdeZlEiwR;ZFkZe~ vFkoZosnL; egÙoe~
vrho Js"Be~ vfLrA czãk loZfo|% Hkofr] l =k;hfo|ka lE;x~ tkukfr] rLekr~ l ,o
;KL; vè;{kks HkofrA vè;{ks.k lEcUèkRokr~ vFkoZosnL; efgek xkSjo'kkfyuh orZrsA
Íxkn;ks osnk% ;=k vkeqf"eda iQya ç;PNfUr] r=k v;eFkoZosn% ,sfgda
iQyefi ç;PNfrA tulkekU;su lg vL; fudVlEcUèkks¿fLr] rLekr~ loZosns"kq v;a
osn% cgqçpfyr% pfpZr'p vfLrA vFkoZosnL; vusdkfu ukekfu lfUrA rs"kq czãosn%]
vfÄõjlosn%] vFkokZfÄõjlosn%] Hk`XofÄõjlosn%] {k=kosn'p bekfu ukekfu cgqJqrkfu
lfUrA vFkoZosns 'kkfUrd&ikSf"Vd&vkfHkpkfjd&HkS"kT;kfnfo"k;k% lE;o~Q çfrikfnrk% lfUrA
vFkoZosnL; i×pksiosnk% lfUr rs"kka ukekfu xksiFkczkã.ksµ ¶liZosne~] fi'kkposne~]
vlqjosne~] bfrgklosne~] iqjk.kosn×psfr¸ feyfUrA vFkoZosnL; lwDrkuka eU=kk.kka p
æ"Vkjks Í"k;% ;|fi cgo% lfUr rFkkfi r=k vFkokZ] vfÄõjk] Hk`xq% bR;knhuka ukekfu
fo'ks"k:is.k mfYyf[krkfu lfUrA vFkokZfÄõjkH;ka lgSo foa'kfr Í"kh.kka n`"Vk% eU=kk% v=k
lÄïfyrk% lfUr bR;L;kfi mYys[kks feyfrA
vFkoZosnL; egkHkk";d=kkZ ir×tfyuk uo'kk[kk% çksDrk%A ijfURonkuha 'kkSud&
iSIiyknlek[;s }s ,o 'kk[ks miyCèks Lr%A };ks% 'kk[k;ks'pkfi lEçfr 'kkSudh;k 'kk[kk
cgqçpfyrk n`';rsA 'kkSud'kk[kk;ka foa'kfrdk.Mkfu] "kV~f=ka'knqÙkjlIr'krlwDrkfu (736)]
lIrk'khR;qÙkjuo'krkfèkdi×plgÏeU=kk% (5987) lfUrA vFkoZosnL; f=kfoèklafgrk;k%
mYys[k% bfrgklxzUFks"kq feyfrA rk'p lafgrk%µ (1) vk"khZlafgrk] (2) vkpk;Zlafgrk]
(3) fofèkç;ksxlafgrk pkfLrA
vFkoZosnL; çeq[klwDrs"kq HkS"kT;lwDrkfu] vk;q";kf.k] vfHkpkjdekZf.k] L=khdekZf.k]
lkaeuL;kfu] jktdekZf.k] ikSf"Vdkfu] çk;f'pÙkkfu] czã.;dekZf.k] ;kfKdkfu] ,dfo"k;d&
dk.Mkfu] oqQUrkilwDr×Ósfr =k;ksn'kfoHkkxoxsZ"kq foHkkftrkfu lwDrkfu lfUr v=kksiLFkkfirkfuA
80
Lo:iHksnkr~ osnk% f=kfoèkk% x|&i|&xhfr:ik% lfUrA rLekr~ ôsn=k;h* bfr çfl¼kA vFkoZons lafgrk
ija lafgrk Hksnkr~] ;KçfriknuRokr~] ÍfRoDlEcUèkkr~ p osnk% pRokjks HkofUrA rLekr~
ôsnprq‘;h*fr fl¼~;frA
vFkoZosnL; Hkk";dkjs"kq osQoya lk;.kkpk;ZL; uke ,o izkI;rsA lk;.k% losZ"kka
osnkuka] oSfndlkfgR;xzUFkkuk×p Hkk";a Ñroku~A rLekRlk;.kL; LFkkua egÙoiw.kZefLrA
5-9 'kCnkoyh
1- loZfo|% µ ;% fo|k;k% lo± rÙoa tkukfr vFkZr%
çdk'ku×p djksfr l% loZfo|ks HkofrA
2- ifjo`<% µ îfj* milxZiwoZd ^càga* èkkrks% ^Dr* çR;;s
Ñrs lfr fu"i|rsA vL;kFkZ%&çHkq% Lokeh]
uk;d%] eq[;%] çèkku% bfrA
3- #t% µ #X.k%] jksx;qDr%] jksxxzLrks okA
4- vk"khZ µ Íf"kfHk% ijEijkuqlkja çkIrkA
5- vkpk;Z% µ vkpkja xzkg;fr vkfpuksfr vFkkZu~ bfr okA
6- HkS"kT;e~ µ fHk"kt% deZ Hks"kt$LokFksZ ";×k~=HkS"kT;e~=
vkS"kfèkçnkue~] fpfdRlkdj.ke~ bR;kn;ks¿FkkZ%
HkofUrA
7- vk;q";e~ µ thouçnk 'kfDr%A
8- vfHkpkj% µ eU=kç;ksxS% jksxgj.ke~] jksxdj.k×pksHkkS vFkkSZ
Hkor%A
9- lkaeuL;e~ µ eufl mRiUuL; fojksèkL; ektZusu lE;o~Q
eu%fLFkfrfuekZ.kfefrA
10- jktdekZf.k µ jkKdekZf.k] jkK% lEcUèkhfu dekZf.kA jktuhfr&
èkeZuhfr&n.MuhR;knhfuA
11- ikSf"Vdkfu µ iq"V~;Fk± fØ;ek.kkfu dekZf.kA
12- çk;f'pÙkkfu µ çk;L; ikiL;] fpÙka=fo'kksèkua ;Lekr~ rr~A
(cgq - ) rkn` ' khfu dekZ f .k çk;f'pÙkkfu
ikifouk'kdkfu HkofUrA
13- czã.;e~ µ ^czãu~$;r~* czã.kk lEc¼e~ bfrA
14- ;kfKde~ µ ;Ksu lEc¼e~A
15- oqQUrki% µ oqQe~=oqQfRlre~] rki% d‘a nq%[ka ok bfrA
81

osnifjp;% 5-10 lUnHkZxzUFk%
Øela- xzUFkuke ys-@Hkk";-@lEik- çdk'kue~ o"kZe~
1- vFkoZosnlafgrk ewyek=ke~ ukxçdk'kd%] fnYyh 2003
2- vFkoZosnlafgrk lk;.kHkk";e~ Ñ".knklvdkneh] okjk- 2045 laor~
3- oSfndokÄ~e;& txnh'kpUæ% pkS-lqjHkk-çdk-okjk- 1989
L;sfrgkl%
4- oSfndokÄ~e;& JhjekdkUr'kkL=kh pkS-fo|kHkou] okjk- 1970
L;sfrgkl%
5- laLÑr okÄ~e; vk- cynso mikè;k;% mÙkjçns'klaLÑrlaLFkku] 1996
dk c`gn~ bfrgkl y[kuÅ
6- xksiFkczkã.ke~ jktsUæykyfeJ rFkk dydÙkk 1962
gfj'pUæ fo|kHkw"k.k
5-11 lgk;dxzUFk%
1- oSfnd lkfgR; cynso mikè;k;% u;klalkjçsl okjk- iape&
vkSj laLÑfr laLdj.ke~
2- oSfnd okÄ~e; HkxoíÙk ç.ko çdk'ku] fnYyh 1976
dk bfrgkl
3- fu#Dre~ ;kLdkpk;Z esgjpUn y{e.knkl] 1982
(eqoqQUn >k o['kh Vhdk)
1- prq"kqZ O;klf'k";s"kq vFkoZosnL;kè;srk lqeUrq% vklhr~A
2- czãk loZfo|%] lo± osfnrqegZfrA =k;hfo|kikjÄõr%A
3- czãosn%] vfÄõjlosn%] vFkokZfÄõjlosn bfrA
4- vFkoZosns ,sfgdfo"k;k% of.kZrk% lfUrA
5- bfrgklosn%] iqjk.kosn bfr ukEuk fo[;krk% lfUrA
6- vFkoZosnL; uo'kk[kk% mDrk% lfUrA
7- fiIiykn&'kkSudk[;s }s 'kk[ks miyCèks Lr%A
8- 'kkSud'kk[kk;ka foa'kfrdk.Mkfu lfUrA
9- Íf"kfHk% ijEijkxrçkIreU=kk.kka lÄïyua ;=kkfLr lk lafgrkA
10- dL;kfi fof'k"Vfoèks% vuq"Bkuk; eU=kk.kka ç;ksx% ;L;ka lafgrk;ka Hkofr
lkA
82
11- HkS"kT;lwDroxsZ&rDeu~&;{ek&oqQ"B&dkl&DyhcRo&x.Mekyk&mUeÙkrk& vFkoZons lafgrk
ew=kkojksèk&#fèkjÏko&âæksx&{ksf=k;jksxknhuka 'keukFkZe~ fofoèkkS"kèkhuke~ mYys[k%
;s"kq lwDrs"kq orZrs rs"kka lwDrkuka xzg.ka ÑrefLrA
12- vk;q";lwDrkuka fofu;ksx% miu;u&pwM+kdj.k&xksnku&ukedj.kk|oljs"kq
vfLrA
13- ,dfo"k;ddk.Ms"kq "kV~dk.Mkfu lfUrA
14- ôqQe~* uke oqQfRlra rki%=nkg% d‘a ok oqQUrki'kCnsu cqè;rsA
15- Lo:iHksnkr~ osnk% f=kfoèkk% lfUrA
16- lafgrkHksnkr~ osnk% prqfoZèkk% lfUrA
17- osn=k;h eè;s ÍX;tq%lkEuka xzg.ka HkofrA
18- osnprq"VÕ;ka ÍX;tqLlkekFkoZ.kka xzg.ka HkofrA
19- lk;.kkpk;ZL; firqukZe~ êk;.k%* vklhr~A
20- lk;.kL; vuqtL; uke HkksxukFk bR;klhr~A
21- lk;.k% fot;uxjlkezkT;kfèkirs% ohjcqDdL; vekR;% vklhr~A
22- lk;.kL; =k;ks xq#o% vklu~ fo|krhFkZ%] HkkjrhrhFkZ%] Jhd.B'pA
5-13 vH;klç'uk%
1- vFkoZosnlafgrk;k% la{ksis.k ifjp;ks ns;%A
2- vFkoZosnL; egÙoa çfrikn;rA
3- vFkoZosnL; dkfu ukekfu\ lçek.ka lro±Q Li"V;rA
4- vFkoZosnL; çfrik|fo"k;% d%\ foospuh;%A
5- vFkoZosnL; dfr miosnk%\ osQ p rs\
6- vFkoZosnL; dfr 'kk[kk%\ miyCèk'kk[kkuka ifjp;ks ns;%A
7- vFkoZosnL; f=kfoèklafgrkfo"k;da foospua oqQ#rA
8- vFkoZosnL; çeq[klwDrs"kq d;ksf'pr~ };ks% ifjp;ks ns;%A
9- vFkoZosnL; Hkk";dkjL; lk;.kL; ifjp;ks ns;%A
10- y?kwÙkjkf.k çns;kfuµ
(d) osn=k;h inL; d% vFkZ%\
([k) 'kkSudh;'kk[kk;ka dfr dk.Mkfu lfUr\
(x) liZfo|k;k% o.kZua oqQ=kkfLr\
83

osnifjp;% (?k) vFkoZosnL; i×pukekfu ys[kuh;kfuA
(Ä) czãkukEu% ÍfRot% deZ fde~\
(p) vFkoZ'kCnL; d% vFkZ%\
w
84

Acharya Jyotish Path 1 5

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A-I-05

izFke% ikB% 05&21

f}rh;% ikB% 22&35

r`rh;% ikB% 36&50

prqFkZ% ikB% 51&67

i×Óe% ikB% 68&84

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© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

1-3 osnkuka egÙoe~

^^/eksZ j{kfr jf{kr%** bR;qfDr% /eZL; osnewydRokn~ ^^osnks j{kfr jf{kr%**

4- v"VkS foÑr;% dk% \

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1-4-1 osnokpdk% 'kCnk%

osnkFkkZocks/usu ldyiz;kstuflf¼HkZofrA yksdksÙkjs.k futkFksZu

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

1-6-1 Hkkjrh;fonq"kka erkfu

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

1-6-2 oSnsf'kdfonq"kka erkfu

(2) eU=kdky% µ 1000 bZ'koh;iwoZr% 800 bZ'koh;iwoZe~

JheSDlewyjµ egksn;L;era dksyczqd&foYlu&dhFk&eSdMkWuy&Cywe&

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1-6-4 f'kykys[kk/kfjra ere~

9- ½"k;% osneU=kk.kka æ"Vkj% drkZjks ok \

10- osndkyfu/kZj.ks yksdekU;frydL; ereqiLFkkI;rke~ \

11- eSDlewyjL; osndkyfo"k;da era leh{;rke~A

1-7 oSfndokÄ~e;L; foHkkxks O;kfIr'p

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1-7-2 f}/k foHkkx%

1-7-3 f=k/k foHkkx%

1-7-4 prq/kZ foHkkx%

1-7-5 cgq/k foHkkx%

13- v"Vkn'k fo|kLFkkukfu dkfu lfUr \

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13- rSfÙkjh;Hkk";Hkwfedk;ka lk;.ksuksn~/`re~A

23- fo".kqiqjk.ke~ 3-2-56A

3- osn'kCnL; O;qRifÙk% dhn`'kh \

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

2-3 ÍXosnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%

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2-3-1 ÍXosnL; eU=kla[;kfopkj%

2-3-2 ÍXosns çkfFkZrk% nsok%

2-3-3 ÍXosnL; Í"k;%

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2- ÍXosnL; eU=kla[;kfopkj% dÙkZO;%\

3- ÍXosns dfr nsork% Lrqrk%\ fofoP;rke~A

4- ^Íf"k* 'kCnL;kfHkçk;a fofoP; rs"kka egÙoa LFkki;rA

2-4 ÍXosnL; çeq[kkf.k lwDrkfu

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

n'kZuçèkkukfu uklnh;lwDr (10@129) iq#"klwDr (10@90)

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

7- iq#"klwDrs dL; ;kxL; o.kZue~ vfLr\

8- ^d* laKd çtkirs% Lo:io.kZua oqQ#rA

2-5 ÍXosnL; Hkk";dkjk%

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

(×k) æfo.ke~ = èkue~A

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5- lk;.kkpk;ZL; ifjp;ks ns;%A

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

7- ;tqosZnL; 'kk[kkHksnku~ çn'kZf;rqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA

3-3 ;tqosZnlafgrk;k% ifjp;%

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3-3-1 ;tqosZnL; foHkkx% eU=kkfnlÄ~[;kfopkj'p

^^/eksZ j{kfr jf{kr% bR;qfDr% /eZL; osnewydRokn~ ^^osnks j{kfr jf{kr%