Anchored

SIA-309
PERANCANGAN FONDASI 2

DOSEN:
Dr. techn. INDRA NOER HAMDHAN,
ST., MT.
JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL
BANDUNG 2020
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 Anchors
The general types of anchor
used in sheet pile walls
are as follows:
1) Anchor plates and beams
(deadman).
2) Tie backs.
3) Vertical anchor piles.
4) Anchor beams supported
by batter (compression
and tension) piles.

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 Anchors
Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand
Ovesen and Stromann (1972) proposed a semi-empirical method for
determining the ultimate resistance of anchors in sand.
1. Basic Case. Determine the depth of embedment, H. Assume that
the anchor slab has height H and is continuous (i.e., B=length of
anchor slab perpendicular to the cross section = ∞):
Pp = passive force per unit
length of anchor.
Pa = active force per unit length
of anchor.
f’ = effective soil friction angle.
d = friction angle between
anchor slab and soil.
Pu’= ultimate resistance per unit
length of anchor.
W = effective wight per unit
length of anchor slab.
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 Anchors
Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand
Ka = active pressure coefficient with d = f’.
Kp = passive pressure coefficient.

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 Anchors
Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand

2. Strip Case. Determine the actual height h of the anchor to be

constructed. If a continuous anchor (i.e. an anchor for which B= ∞)
of height h is placed in the soil so that its depth of embedment is H.

P’us = ultimate resistance for the

strip case
Cov = 19 for dense sand and 14
for loose sand.
Pu’ = ultimate resistance per
unit length of anchor.

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 Anchors
Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand

3. Actual Case. In practice, the anchor plates are placed in a row with
center-center spacing S’. The ultimate resistance of each anchor is

Be = equivalent length.
The equivalent length is a
function of S’, B. H, and h.

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 Anchors
Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand
Empirical Correlation Based on Model Tests

Ghaly (1997) uses the results of 104 laboratory tests, 15 centrifugal

model tests, and 9 field test to propose an empirical correlation for the
ultimate resistance of single anchors.
The correlation can be written as:

Ghaly also used the model test results of Das and Seeley (1975) to
develop a load-displacement relationship for single anchors. The
relationship can be given as:

The allowable resistance per anchor plate may be

given as:

Spacing of anchor plates:

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 Anchors
Ultimate Resistance of Tiebacks
The ultimate resistance offered by a tieback in sand is:

where: f’ = effective angle of friction of soil

so’ = average effective vertical stress (=gz in dry sand)
K = earth pressure coefficient.
The magnitude of K can be taken to be equal to the earth pressure
coefficient at rest (Ko) if the concrete grout is placed under pressure
(Littlejohn, 1970). The lower limit of K can be taken to be equal to the
Rankine active earth pressure coefficient.
In clays, the ultimate resistance of tiebacks may be
approximated as:
where ca = adhesion = ⅔cu
cu = undrained cohesion
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