Yet only one set of equations is considered so mathematically challenging that it's been chosen

as one of seven “Millennium Prize Problems” endowed by the Clay Mathematics Institute with a
$1 million reward: the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe how fluids flow.
The forms commonly encountered are empirical, molecular, structural, and projection
formulas. An empirical formula consists of symbols representing elements in a compound, such
as Na for sodium and Cl for chlorine, and subscripts indicating the relative number of atoms of
each constituent element.
A molecular formula uses chemical symbols and subscripts to indicate the exact
numbers of different atoms in a molecule or compound. An empirical formula gives the
simplest, whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound. A structural formula indicates the
bonding arrangement of the atoms in the molecule.
The equations are as follows: v=u+at,s=(u+v2)t,v2=u2+2as,s=ut+12at2,s=vt−12at2.

There are three basic types of chemical formula, the empirical formula, the molecular
formula, and the structural formula

Algebra
 Completing the square: x2+bx+c=(x+b2)2−b24+c.
 Quadratic formula: the roots of ax2+bx+c are −b±√b2−4ac2a.
 Circle: circumference=2πr, area=πr2.
 Sphere: vol=4πr3/3, surface area=4πr2.
 Cylinder: vol=πr2h, lateral area=2πrh, total surface area=2πrh+2πr2