HUMAN CAPITAL AND FUTURE OF WORK

Prof. H. Mohamad Nasir, Ph.D, Ak.

MINISTER FOR RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, AND HIGHER EDUCATION

Kuta, Bali
March 1, 2018 1
RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, HIGHER EDUCATION,
AND NATION COMPETITIVENESS

Higher Education and

Training

Science and
Technology

Innovation and
ENHANCING COMPETITIVENESS
Technology AND WEALTH OF NATION
Readiness

2
In 2017: Indonesia successfully improved its rank in the latest
Global Competitiveness Index
Non-Exhaustive
Global competitiveness ranking comparison
Key insights
2016/2017 2017/2018
Ranking Country Ranking
• Indonesia‟s position in the ranking is driven
mainly by its large market size (9th) and a
relatively robust
macroeconomic environment (26th)
41 36 • Indonesia is one of the top innovators
among the emerging economics
5 places
Indonesia • Indonesia‟s infrastructure index is
improving in the past 5 years thanks
to improved overall infrastructure quality,
increased mobile-cellular telephone
51 Indonesia 51 subscriptions, improved mobility (indicated by
available airline seats)
• Further advancements are needed in labor
Mexico -
market efficiency elements
Mexico e.g. limited women representation,
limited wage determination flexibility
60 55
5 places
Vietnam
Source: World Economic Forum, A.T. Kearney
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The Future of Jobs
Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial
Revolution
 TIMEFRAME TO IMPACT INDUSTRIES, BUSINESS
MODELS

WEF - The Future of Jobs

 NET EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK BY JOB FAMILY,
2015–2020

WEF - The Future of Jobs

 CORE WORK-RELATED SKILLS

WEF - The Future of Jobs

 Drivers of change, industries overall
Share of respondents rating driver as top trend, %
DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC TECHNOLOGICAL
Changing nature of work, flexible
work 44% Mobile internet, cloud technology 34%

Climate change, natural resources 23% Processing power, Big Data 26%
New energy supplies and
Middle class in emerging markets 23% technologies 22%

Geopolitical volatility 21% Internet of Things 14%

Consumer ethics, privacy issues 16% Sharing economy, crowdsourcing 12%

Longevity, ageing societies 14% Robotics, autonomous transport 9%

Young demographics in emerging
markets 13% Artificial intelligence 7%
Women’s economic power,
aspirations 12% Adv. materials, biotechnology 6%

Rapid urbanization 8% Adv. manufacturing, 3D printing 6%

Source: Future of Jobs Survey, World Economic Forum 3

 Change in demand for core work-related skills, 2015-2020, all industries
Share of jobs requiring skills family as part of their core skill set, %
Scale of skills Scale of skills
demand in 2015 demand in 2020

Physical Abilities 31 41 28 5% 4%

Content Skills 40 35 25 10% 10%

Cognitive Abilities 52 32 16 11% 15%

Technical Skills 33 42 25 10% 12%

Resource Management Skills 36 42 22 14% 13%

Systems Skills 42 40 18 16% 17%

Process Skills 39 39 22 18% 18%

Social Skills 37 39 24 20% 19%

Complex Problem Solving Skills 40 40 20 36% 36%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
growing skills demand stable skills demand declining skills demand
Source: Future of Jobs Survey, World Economic Forum 4
 Economic Potential
INDONESIA

Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education’ Mission

Improve access, relevancy, and quality of higher
education to produce qualified human resources

The 7th World The 4th World

>262 Million in 2030 in 2050
Population ECONOMY ECONOMY
Demography Bonus McKinsey Pricewaterhous
Global Institute, e Coopers
2012 (PwC), 2017

Photo Credit: Azhar Abidi. Online image. Flickr. 15 Dec 2017. https://flic.kr/p/f2S8ek 5
Challenge
HRD DEVELOP0MENT
Indonesia Percentage of Indonesian Manpower Education (BPS, 2017)

(WEF,
(WEF,2017)
2017)

60,00 59,07 58,83

3rd rank:
40,00
Singapore 23rd 28,74 29,09

rank: Malaysia 20,00 12,19 12,08

32nd rank:
(BPS, August 2017) -
Thailand of Open
Numbers Agustus 2016 Agustus 2017
8,8%/618 thousand Unemployment
Rendah
Junior(≤ SMP)
High School Senior High
Menengah School
(SMA/SMK) Tinggi (≥ Diploma)
Diploma
±7 millions people out
of ±128 millions of
workforce
“Employers Ranking in Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2015
complains that the
employees do not
have the appropriate
skills”
6
 Challenge Technology disruption era is the
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 combination of physical, digital
& Digital Economy and biological domain
(Schwab, 2017)

Internet of Artificial
New Materials
Things Intelligence

Augmented
Big Data Robotics
Reality
Indonesia needs
75–375 Million to improve the Cloud Additive
Nanotech &
Manufacturing
GLOBAL quality of Computing Biotech
3D Printing (Schwab, 2016)
EMPLOYEES workforce skills
SHIFT with digital
PROFESSIONS technology
Genetic Editing
(Parray, ILO, 2017)
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 Challenges Education and work (job) should be adjusted into
The Development of Human the development of Science and Technology, but
resources in Indonesia still attention should be given to humanism aspects
In the 4th Industrial Revolution era
(WEF, 2017)
Work fields
36th /137 C’s and Employers
3rd rank: Singapore The 4th
Indonesian 23rd rank: Malaysia Education
Industrial
Competitiveness 32nd rank: Thailand Revolution
Index
(BPS, August 2017)
“Employers
8,8% / 618 complains that the
thousands employees do not
Unemployed university have the appropriate
graduates skills” 72 % of Markets need the human
NO Educator resources with multiple
s skills, which is so different
with the old system of
Reference:
58 % of Mourshed, Farrell, Barton (2012), Education to
YE higher education
Employment: Designing a System that Works (survey S
Employer 8.000 universities, and industries from 24 countries) (Marmolejo, World Bank,
s 2017). 13
 The needs
New literation
In facing the 4th Industrial Revolution
In order to produce qualified
graduates, curriculum needs a
new orientation, due to the 4th
Industrial Revolution.
So it is not appropriate anymore
using an old literation (reading,
writing and math), as the main
asset if we would like to produce
qualified human resources
which could be performed in the
society.
Preparing competitive graduates
New literation :
(Aoun, MIT, 2017)
Data Literation
The ability to read, to analyze,
to use information (Big Data) in
the digital world.
Technology Literation
The ability to understand
mechanical (system) work,
to use the application of
technology like (Coding,
Artificial Intelligence, &
Engineering Principles).
Human Literation
Humanities,
Communication and Design
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 HUMAN LITERATION Goal: humans should be useful in their society, therefore they
need to implement humanities approach, communication and
design
Skills: How to teach in the 4th
1. Leadership industrial revolution era ?
2. Teamwork (Aoun, 2017)

• 1. Thematic study on
Universities should Cultural Agility:
various discipline ,
Students with their various
always find methods background, are able to work in
connecting it to the real
for developing the world based on project
different environment, both in
cognitive capacity of based-learning.
national or international places.
the students, through • 2. Through General
implementing higher Entrepreneurship (including social
Education,
entrepreneurship):
order mental skills, Extracurricular
This should be introduced again
critical and systemic ------------------------------------
that entrepreneurs must have
thinking. It is important --
basic capacity which is owned by
• Internship/practices/co-
to keep survive in the each student
op program (al. higher
4th industrial revolution 9
 Solution
GEN- IR 4.0
General Education + Competency for IR 4.0 Program Co-
& Extra
Curricular
• Thinking critically
Human literation is part and systemic,
of the General lateral, & higher
Cognitive level
Education, which
Ability • Entrepreneurshi
should be mastered by General p
the students. Education
Data and technological
literation could be
Life Long
selected from the extra
New Learning
curricular programs
Data Literation• Literation's
Technological Literation
Human Literation•

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NEVER ENDING STUDY Lifelong learning is becoming an
economic imperative (Economist, 2017)

Lifelong Lifelong learning should be facilitated by universities, as the

Learning education activity (because education will never stop though
degree certificate was received before)

 Up to now, there have been many universities

which facilitate the life-long learning.
 In USA: 12.8 Million students are facilitated by
special units. These are provided for advanced
students who would like to obtain more and or new
knowledge/skills/competencies, which are suitable
to dynamic technologies or jobs requirements.

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One solution: Academic Learning 4.0 Tuition Fee is
BLENDED LEARNING continuously
It is facilitated by SPADA & IdREN through Video Conference, Online increased
Learning, Resource Sharing • Tuition fee is more 79,5%
expensive n=448 responden
• Numbers of lecturers are
limited Source: Kompas R&D Center
15 Des ’17
• Numbers of students are
increased Ratio of Lecturers; Students

The solution Advanced INDONESIA

• Optimally utilize ICT, in Countries Science
order to improve 1:20
1 : 15
State s
productivity of learning Uni
Others 1:30
(effective and efficient), with 1: 8 JAPAN
continuously keep the 1: 9 USA Science
Private s 1:30
quality. Uni
(Times Higher Education, 2017)
• Harmonization and or Others 1:40
developing the existing “One Professor
regulation. Thousand Students”
One lecturer (which is accompanied by tutor/assistant/mentor, could teach a
big class.
On the other hand, a lecturer could teach certain program study in
universities with lack of lecturers.. 18
SPADA
The Ministry of Research Technology and
It is an on line learning Higher Education (MoRTHE) facilitates
system in Indonesia
connectivity easiness through IdREN
Indonesia (backbone)

Students/ SPADA
Society

01 02

SPADA
MANAJEMEN

03 SISTEM INFORMASI

http://kuliahdaring.ristekdikti.g TEKNIK INFORMATIKA

o.id/ AKUNTANSI

04
Study
Certificate/ 06 Program /
Credit Transfer Courses
06
05 Materials
Final exam (Video Audio Lectures, PPT, Handbooks,
Online Text and Notes) 19
Implementation
SPADA OPEN STUDY OPEN CURRICULUM ON LINE STUDY
PROGRAM
Indonesia 2017
172 142 253
UNIVERSITIES
TOP 5 UNIVERSITIES that implement University Partners
SPADA

51 116
UNY UM UNPAD UMY UNESA
400 382 6.927 students
350
300 Number of Students in SPADA BINUS 2017
250 239 20
195
200 167 15
16 16
150 105
75 60 10 Jml
Total
Mhs
100 10 10 Students

50 15 21 21 5 Lulus
Students
5 2 5 1 3 passed the
exams
0
0
2015 UI 2016 ITB 2017 PERBANAS
Network Governance Knowledge Data
Registered Exam Students passed
Program
MK PTPartners
Mitra Mhs Daftar Mhs Ujian
Students Mhsthe
Lulus Discovery
Study students exams
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Policies Curriculum Reorientation
HIGHER EDUCATION • New Literature (data, technology and
IN THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL humanities) is developed and taught.
REVOLUTION ERA • Extra curricular activities in order to
develop the leadership skill and team work,
should be implemented
• Entrepreneurship and internship is
compulsory.
Hybrid/Blended Learning, Online
Applying Hybrid/Blended Learning through
SPADA-IdREN.
Establishing Life-long Learning unit
It is recommended that higher education
institutions have working unit for providing life-
long learning services

Providing grants and technical guidance services

for curriculum reorientation (GEN-RI 4.0) for 400
universities
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 Relevancy of Higher Education in Indonesia and 4-IR
 Status: Indonesia will prepare the programs of Human Resources Qualification which will be
relevant to the national and industrial development in Indonesia
Current Condition that needs to be improved:
• Every year LPTK (Institutes for Teacher Education) produces more than 250.000 teachers. However, at
present only 15 % of it, become the professional teachers.
• Technical Engineer graduates, who are accepted in the work place, only 50 percent from its number.
• Eight hundreds (800.000) midwives have been graduated from 400 midwives study programs. Unfortunately,
the number of death toll for pregnant women is still increased.

• In some cases, the quality, competency and skills of the higher education graduates, is not matched to the needs for
the national development and industry
• National Statistic Bureau (BPS) Data per August 2017 showed that 618 thousands of fresh graduates are
unemployed. The total are 7 millions of unemployed graduates, out of 128 millions of unemployed people.

Vocational DIPLOMA: Universities

School 6.8% 5.18%
11.41%

The 4th Industrial Revolution in Indonesia, will influence the appropriate

human resources for supporting the national development
 Expected qualifications of lectures with the strong
DOSEN
competencies:4.0
SOFT SKILLS (4C): SCIENCE COMMUNICATION: EDUCATIONAL COMPETENCE

• CRITICAL THINKING • SCIENCE FOR SCIENCE • COMPETENCE IN RESEARCH

• CREATIVE COMMUNITY • COMPETENCE FOR DIGITAL BUSINESS
• COMMUNICATION • SCIENCE FOR PUBLIC • COMPETENCE IN GLOBALIZATION
• COLLABORATION • SCIENCE FOR POLICY • COMPETENCE IN FUTURE STRATEGIES
MAKERS

POTENTIAL ROLES:

• INTEGRITY CHARACTER AND ABLE TO

DEVELOP HUMANITIES CHARACTER
• HAVING REAL EXPERIENCES
• BECOMING FRIENDS OF THE STUDENTS
• COMMITED TO FOUR PILLARS OF THE
Indonesian NATION (UUD45, Pancasila, NKRI
and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika)
• HAVING PASSIONS as The Lecturer.
• EXPERIENCE IN THE JOBS
 The infrastructure development is needed to
develop CREATIVE DAN INNOVATIVE THINKING

The development of The building of e-

Teaching Industry library infrastructure

The development of
Massive Open Online
Course (MOOC)
infrastructure

The Development of
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION MUSEUM
THANK YOU
KEMENRISTEKDIKTI
Gedung D Lt 10
Jl Pintu Satu 021-57000000 www.ristekdikti.go.id
Senayan
Jakarta

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