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ch/eq/ 1

Structural Design I
Philippe Block ∙ Joseph Schwartz
Structural design I+II

Structural design I

2. Equilibrium and
graphic static

1. Introduction 3.+4. Cables 5.+7. Arches 6.+8. Arch-cable- 9. Trusses 10.+11. Beams
structures and frames

13. Cable-net and 14.+15. Vaults, 16. Spatial arch- 17. Spacial trusses 16. Shear walls 20. Columns
membrane structures domes and shells cable-structures and plates

Structural design II
12. Materials and 19. Bending
dimensioning

Course overview
Structural design I+II

Structural design I

2. Equilibrium and
graphic static

1. Introduction 3.+4. Cables 5.+7. Arches 6.+8. Arch-cable- 9. Trusses 10.+11. Beams
structures and frames

13. Cable-net and 14.+15. Vaults, 16. Spatial arch- 17. Spacial trusses 16. Shear walls 20. Columns
membrane structures domes and shells cable-structures and plates

Structural design II
12. Materials and 19. Bending
dimensioning

Course overview
 4

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
The graphic statics 5

Karl Culmann, Die graphische Statik, S. 465

The graphic statics 6

Karl Culmann, Die graphische Statik, S. 556

The graphic statics 7

Karl Culmann Luigi Cremona Karl-Wilhelm Ritter

1821 - 1881 1830 - 1903 1847-1905
The graphic statics 8

Former room of the chair of structural design (HIL E 43.2)

The graphic statics 9

William S. Wolfe, Graphical Analysis, S. 159/160

 10

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Forces 11

Magnitude of force
f force
c t iono
of a
L i ne

60 kN

Point of application of force

Direction of force
Forces 12

m2

m1

Gravity
Forces 13

Q G Q

G QG Q

Types of loads
 Forces 14

Q G Q

G Q
G Q

Types of loads
Forces 15

G Q G Q

G Q
G Q

Types of loads
Forces 16

G Q
G Q

Types of loads
 Forces 17

G Q
Q G

Types of loads
Forces 18

G Q
Q G

Types of loads
 19

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Equilibrium of two forces 20

Actio = Reactio
Equilibrium of two forces 21

Subsystem Form diagram in Force diagram

Subsystem
Equilibrium of two forces 22

Form diagram Force diagram

Translation
Equilibrium of two forces 23

Form diagram Force diagram

 24

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Resultant of two forces 25

F1

F2
Resultant of two forces 26

F1

F2
Resultant of two forces 27

F1

F2
Resultant of two forces 28

Form diagram Form diagram Force diagram

Q Q

G
R
G R
Resultant of two forces 29

Form diagram Force diagram

F2
F2
F1
R
F1

Action line?

3
1
2

F2
1 F2
F1 o' 2
R
R F1
3
Resultant of two forces 30

Force diagram a F2
β
b
α

F2 α F2 F2
F2 β
α
β

R R F1 R
a
F1 F1 β
F1 F1
R
b α

a F2
F2 F2
b F2 a a b
a
b b
R F1 F1 F1 F1

R R

Form diagram
Resultant of two forces 31

Force diagram a F2
β
b
α

F2 α F2 F2
F2 β
α
β

R R F1 R
a
F1 F1 β
F1 F1
R
b α

a F2
F2 F2
b F2 a a b
a
b b
R F1 F1 F1 F1

R R

Form diagram
Resultant of two forces 32

Force diagram a F2
β
b
α

F2 α F2 F2
F2 β
α
β

R R F1 R
a
F1 F1 β
F1 F1
R
b α

a F2
F2 F2
b F2 a a b
a
b b
R F1 F1 F1 F1

R R

Form diagram
Resultant of two forces 33

Force diagram aD F)2

βȕ
bE
αĮ

F)2 αĮ F)2 F)2

F)2 βȕ
βȕ
αĮ

R
5 R
5 F)1 R
5
aD
F)1 F)1 βȕ
F)1 F)1
R
5
bE αĮ

aD F)2
F)2 F)2
bE F)2 aD aD bE
aD
bE bE
R
5 F)1 F)1 F)1 F)1

R
5

R
5 R
5

Form diagram
F2 a
F1 = b
Resultant of two forces 34

Form diagram Force diagram

F2
F2
F1
R
F1

3
1
2

F2
1 F2
F1 o' 2
R
R F1
3
Resultant of two forces 35

Form diagram Force diagram

F2
F2
F1
R
F1

3
1
2

F2
1 F2
F1 o' 2
R
R F1
3
Resultant of two forces 36

Form diagram Force diagram

F2
F2
F1
R
F1

3
1
2

F2
1 F2
F1 o' 2
R
R F1
3
Resultant of two forces 37

Form diagram Force diagram

F2
F2
F1
R
F1

3
1
2

F2
1 F2
F1 o' 2
R
R F1
3
 38

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces 39

Resultant

R R
Q Q

G A A G
Form diagrams

Q Q

A
G R G A
R

Force diagrams
Equilibrium of a set of forces 40

Resultant Equilibrium

R R
Q Q

G A A G
Form diagrams

Q Q

A
G R G A
R

Force diagrams
Equilibrium of a set of forces 41

Resultant Equilibrium Equilibrium direct

R R
Q Q

G A A G
Form diagrams

Q Q

A
G R G A
R

Force diagrams
 42

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Resultant of a set of forces 43

with common point no common point

(concurrent) (nonconcurrent)
Resultant of a set of forces 44

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
R 1-2

F1
R 1-2

F2

F1 F2
F3
Resultant of a set of forces 45

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
R 1-2

F1
R 1-2

F2

F1 F2
F3

R 1-2

F3

R 1-2-3 = R
Resultant of a set of forces 46

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F2 F3
F1

F2
F3
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 47

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F2 F3
F1

F2
F3
R 12
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 48

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F2 F3
F1

1 F2
F3 o' 2
R 12
3
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 49

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

3 2 1

F2 F3
F1

R 12 1 F2
F3 o' 2
R 12
3
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 50

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

3 2 1

F2 F3
F1 4
5

6 4
o'' 5
R 12 1 F2 R
F3 o' 2
6 R 12
3
F1
R
Resultant of a set of forces 51

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

4 1

3 2
F2 F3
F1 1

R 12 o' 2
3 F2 R
F3
4
F1
R
Resultant of a set of forces 52

Form diagram
Scale 1 : 100

F1 F3
F2
Resultant of a set of forces 53

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F3

R
F1 F3 F2
F2

F1
Resultant of a set of forces 54

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F3

R
o'
F1 F3 F2
F2

F1
Resultant of a set of forces 55

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F3
1

2 R
o'
F1 F3 F2
F2 3

4
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 56

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F3
4 1 1

3 2
2 R
o'
F1 F3 F2
F2 3

4
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 57

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F3
4 1 1

3 2
2 R
o'
F1 F3 F2
F2 3

4
F1

R
Resultant of a set of forces 58

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

R 1-2
4

3 2
2
o'
F1 F2 3 F2
R 1-2
4
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 59

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

R 1-2 F3
4 1 1

3 2
2 R
o'
F1 F3 F2
F2 3

R 1-2
4
F1

R
Resultant of a set of forces 60

eQ
 61

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Internal forces 62

A A

G A G A

G G
Internal forces 63

A A
N A

NG NA G A

G N

G G
Internal forces 64

A A
N

N N N

N
N

N
G A
N N

N
N

N N

G G
N
Internal forces 65

G A

A
Internal forces 66

G
G N

N N G A

N A

A
Internal forces 67

G
N

N N

N
N
N

N N

N N

N
N N

A N
Internal forces 68
Internal forces 69

Form diagram / Subsystem Force diagram