WESTERN PROVINCE

MAYUKWAYUKWA BOARDING SECONDARY SCHOOL

GRADE 12

Physical Education and Sports

Prepared by: Clive Nyambe; clivenet@yahoo.es

Physical Educationist at Mayukwayukwa Secondary School
Bachelor’s Degree of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
Master’s Degree of Science,Havana,Cuba.
Cell #:0973390572

Paper 1 Marks: 70
 SECTION A
1) An improvement in the lactate inflection point (LIP) of an endurance athlete can be attributed
to …
A. insufficient oxygen supply.
B. an increase in lactate tolerance.
C. lactate production exceeding lactate removal.
D. an increase in the ability of the muscle fibres to oxidise fats and carbohydrates.

2) What causes the accumulation of blood lactate during exercise?

A. lactate production exceeding lactate removal
B. the anaerobic energy systems becoming dominant
C. insufficient oxygen being delivered to the working muscles
D. a decrease in the athlete’s ability to tolerate the accumulated lactate

3) Which of the following is (are) a by-product(s) of aerobic respiration?

A. carbon dioxide, water and heat
B. lactate and hydrogen ions
C. inorganic phosphates
D. lactic acid

4) Sleep is an important recovery strategy for athletes. Lack of sleep can be detrimental to
performance in team sports due to …
A. improved reaction times.
B. decreased recovery times.
C. increased speed and agility.
D. decreased decision-making performance.

5) Body composition is a component of health-related fitness concerned primarily with the:

A. absorption and use of nutrients by the body.
B. ability of the skeletal system to give shape to the body.
C. maintenance of bone mass in the body.
D. relative proportions of fat and lean tissue in the body.

6) In cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the key objective of rescue breathing and chest
compressions is to:

A. clear a foreign-body obstruction in the airway of an unconscious victim.

B. oxygenate and circulate the blood in a victim whose heart has stopped beating.

C. shock the heart of a victim of cardiac arrest so that a normal heart rhythm is resumed.
D. provide artificial ventilation for a victim who is in severe respiratory distress.

7) In a gymnasium, which of the following conditions is most likely to pose the greatest risk of injury
during basketball games?

A. an emergency telephone mounted on the wall just beyond a baseline of the court

B. a pile of mats in one corner of the gym outside the end line and baseline of the court

C. a nonfunctioning overhead fluorescent light at mid-court

D. a narrow safety zone between an end line of the court and a gym wall

8) During an outdoor soccer activity on a hot, humid day, a student becomes dizzy. You move the student
to a shady spot and notes signs of heat exhaustion in the student. Which of the following steps should you
take next in treating the condition?

A. Cover the student with a light blanket and elevate his or feet.

B. Cool the student's skin with isopropyl alcohol.

C. Give the student sips of water or a sports drink.

D. Have the student swallow a few salt tablets with water.

9) In the skeletal system, the function of tendons is to:

A. act as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorous.

B. attach bones to muscles.

C. act as the formation centers for cartilage.

D. attach ligaments to muscle fibers.

10) The ability to time movements to intercept a moving object, such as when catching a ball, is most
dependent on an individual's ability to integrate motor behaviors with:

A. sensory information about the speed and direction of the object.

B. an understanding of how wind and air resistance affect the object's momentum.

C. visual information about the relative positions of body parts.

D. knowledge about the object's weight and the force with which it was propelled.
 11) Which of the following is characteristic of performance of an open motor skill?

A. The participant often performs the skill without having to respond to changing
conditions.

B. The skill can only be performed as a continuous, repetitive skill rather than a discrete
skill.

C. The participant often performs the skill in an unpredictable, changing environment.

D. The skill can be performed in precisely the same way each time regardless of the
context.

12) In which stage of motor learning are students typically capable of detecting errors in their own motor
performance and taking steps to correct them, but cannot yet eliminate them?

A. cognitive stage

B. associative stage

C. autonomous stage

D. verbal stage

13) Swimming strokes such as the crawl are defined as continuous or repetitive motor tasks because the:

A. skills are performed in a medium in which a greater degree of resistance is encountered than in
air.

B. movement through the water can be sustained with no physical effort by keeping the body flat in
the water.

C. strokes and kicking motions require unilateral rather than bilateral coordination.

D. recovery of the arms and legs leads directly into the next stroke, with no recognizable
beginning and end.
 14) Which of the following is an appropriate technique to emphasize when you are learning a
locomotor skill such as practicing throwing a ball using an underhand throw?

A. releasing the ball at chest level on the throw

B. stopping the action of the follow through just after releasing the ball

C. beginning the throw with the side of the body facing the target

D. taking one step forward with the foot opposite the throwing hand

15) Which of the following techniques is most appropriate for players to keep in mind when dribbling a
soccer ball?

A. alternating between the two feet in kicking the ball and keeping the eyes on the ball

B. moving at a speed faster than a walk and keeping the ball within two to four feet of the body

C. traveling in a zigzag pathway and keeping the ball directly below the head while moving

D. using a running motion to travel and delivering a series of taps to the ball with the foot

16) For forehand and backhand volleys in tennis, which of the following techniques leads to a pivot on
the back foot and a step toward the net, thus allowing a player to contact the ball in front of the
body?

A. pointing the dominant elbow toward the opponent during the swing

B. bending the knees and keeping the back vertical

C. turning the shoulders early in preparation for the swing

D. rotating the racquet clockwise so the palm is on top of the racket

17) Which of the following principles best describes why individuals with large body builds tend to excel
at physical activities that require a great degree of stability?

A. Larger body segments tend to produce more force than smaller body segments.

B. Muscles with large cross-sectional areas can produce more force than smaller muscles.

C. A body's inertia, or resistance to change in a state of motion, is proportional to body

mass.

D. A body in equilibrium can be either stationary or moving at a constant speed in a

given direction.

18) An isometric muscle action is characterized by the production of force:

 A. as a muscle lengthens due to extension of a joint.

B. through movement generated in opposition to the downward pull of gravity.

C. as a muscle shortens due to flexion of a joint.

D. through tension and muscle contraction without movement.

19) Which of the following is a critical element of the ready position in badminton?

A. holding the racket down

B. standing with knees locked

C. holding the racket up

D. standing with weight on heels

20) Bicyclists can best ensure that they are visible to motorists during daylight hours by:

A. wearing bright or fluorescent-colored clothing.

B. attaching a battery-operated headlight to their bicycles.

C. wearing a white or light-colored helmet or jacket.

D. attaching a small flag to the rear of their bicycles.

 SECTION B
1) Define the following:

I. Vital capacity (1 mark)

II. Breathing rate (frequency) (1 mark)
III. Tidal volume (1 mark)
IV. Minute ventilation (VE) (1 mark)

2) When learning and developing a skill, it is important to work through the three stages of
learning. These are: preparation/cognitive stage, practice/associative stage and the
automatic/autonomous stage. Define:
I. preparation/cognitive stage(1 mark)
II. practice/associative stage(1 mark)
III. automatic/autonomous stage(1 mark)

3) After losing a service in volleyball, the players of the team which gains the service…
(1 mark)
4) When a team in a tournament remains without an opponent, it is said to be on…
(1 mark)
5) If two teams have the same number of points and goals, the next stage to determine the
champion is the…(1 mark)
6) Push ups are perceptual motor learning activities that fall under…skills (1 mark)
7) Give three differences between isotonic exercises and isometric exercises
(3 marks)
8) Give four signs and symptoms of a fracture(4 marks)
9) A game of football starts with …off (1 mark)
10) In athletics, what is a record? (1 mark)
 SECTION C

1) You are planning to use circuit training to help improve a games player. Describe
some of the benefits of using this type of training.
2) Discuss how you can take care of sports facilities and equipments at your school.
3) Before starting training, Samson’s heart rate was 72 beats per minute. After
joining a PE class at Mayukwayukwa Secondary School, he embarked on a 6-
month of regular training, his resting heart rate decreased to 47 beats per minute.
Discuss how this benefited Samson.

4) Why does age influence the type of sports that a person might take part in?
Discuss.
5) Describe some benefits for attending your school’s extra-curricular activities.
 SECTION A

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. A
11. C
12. B
13. D
14. D
15. D
16. C
17. C
18. D
19. C
20. A
 SECTION B

1)
I. the maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as
possible. Regular aerobic exercise can increase a person’s vital capacity.
II. the number of breaths in a minute. The average breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute.
III. the amount of air breathed in with each normal breath. The average tidal volume is 0.5 litres
(500 ml).
IV. the total volume of air entering the lungs in a minute. The average minute ventilation is 6
litres/minute. Minute ventilation = Breathing rate x Tidal volume.

2)
I. Preparation/Cognitive stage. Here the beginner understands what has to be done;
the beginner knows the expected outcome.
II. Practice/Associative stage. Here the performer improves; they make fewer mistakes;
the beginner starts to correct mistakes.
III. Automatic/Autonomous stage. Here the skill is performed without much thought;
greater attention is paid to skills and tactics; few errors occur

3) Rotate
4) Bye
5) Tiebreaker
6) Locomotor
7)
I. Isotonic exercises are dynamic; isometric exercises are static
II. There is a change in the size of the muscle during isotonic exercises; there is no change
in the size of the muscles during isometric exercises.
III. There is change in the size of the angle during isotonic exercises; there is no change in
the size of the angle when doing isometric exercises.
8) Any of the four:
I. The casualty may have heard or felt the snap
II. There is pain and tenderness around the injury. Moving makes it worse.
III. The casualty will not be able to move the part normally.
IV. The bleeding leads to swelling. Bruising develops later.
V. The limb may look deformed. For example a foot may be twisted backwards. To check,
compare the two limbs.
9) Kick
10) Is the best performance in a sporting event that has been officially measured and noted.
 SECTION C

ANSWER TO QUESTION 1

 It can include a variety of activities which can reflect the range of

physical requirements of the sport.
 Easy to adapt to each individual
 Easy to include a variety of exercises such as weights.
 Easy to overload
 Skills components can be included in the circuit
 Training can take place indoors or outdoors so be linked to the
playing environment.
 Will allow improvement in speed which continuous training will
not allow.
 Variety prevents becoming bored / demotivated

ANSWER TO QUESTION 2

Facilities refer to any amenities that are provided for recreation and
sports. Examples are tennis courts, swimming pools, running tracks,
gyms and reservoirs used as water sports centers. Equipments are
what are needed for a particular activity. For example high jump stands,
crossbar, cones, javelin, shot, vaulting box, pommel horse etc. Some of
the ways to take care of these facilities and equipments include:

 Make sure that balls are inflated with the right pressure.
 Repair damaged materials
 Clean sports field like the gym, football field regularly or make
sure there is someone who is employed to do it.
 Have a record for every equipment given out, also showing which
equipments are in good conditions and which ones are not.
 Disinfect equipments like gymnastics mats after use.
 Have a room where to park equipments
 Have basketball courts, netball courts’ lines re-drawn regularly

ANSWER TO QUESTION 3
 More blood is pumped in each beat so oxygen reaches the muscles faster / stroke
volume increases
 Heart has to work less hard to achieve the same results which puts less strain on the
heart / work for longer / greater intensity / exercise for longer / less tired
 Indicates that the performer has generally good health
 Recovery from exercise is quicker / fitter

ANSWER TO QUESTION 4

 Some sports have age restrictions/limitations

 At a young age parental support is needed/transport/financial
 Some sports become too dangerous as one gets older/too
strenuous/physical contact
 Interests change with age/younger people may like more
adventurous activities/older people may prefer more sedate
activities.
 Younger people may be more influenced by changes in
fashion/media/role models
 The amount of time people have changes/working
hours/schools age/retirement
 ANSWER TO QUESTION 5

• Improving the standards of performance /skills

• Has the opportunity to play competitive sports/play a variety of
sports.
• Improve social skills/meet friend/improve team work/develop
leadership skills
• Raise self esteem
• Fun and enjoyment
• Improve fitness/health

clivenet@yahoo.es