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1 A student has four rods of identical size. The rods are made of copper, brass, iron and glass.

Describe an experiment to compare thermal conduction along the rods.

You may draw a labelled diagram to help with your answer.

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[Total: 3]
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2 The diagram shows equipment used to demonstrate convection in air. A burning candle is placed
beneath glass tube A.

The arrows in the diagram show the directions in which air moves.

Explain why the air moves as shown in the diagram.

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[Total: 3]

3 The diagram shows two similar metal cans. The only difference is the surface. Can A has a dull
black surface and can B has a shiny white surface.
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(a) A student fills each can with hot water. The initial temperature of the water is 85 °C.

The student records the temperature of the water in each can every 30 seconds for 10 minutes.

Suggest which can of water will cool more quickly. Give a reason for your answer.

suggestion ........................................................................................................................

reason ...............................................................................................................................

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(b) Suggest and explain two changes to can B that reduce thermal energy loss to the surroundings.

change 1............................................................................................................................

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change 2 ...........................................................................................................................

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[Total: 6]
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4 The diagram shows two metal plates A and B with a radiant heater placed midway between them.

Metal plate A is shiny. Metal plate B is dull black. A piece of cork is attached to each plate using
wax. The wax is a solid at room temperature and has a melting point of 37 °C.

State and explain what happens to the pieces of cork a few minutes after the heater is switched
on.

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[Total: 4]

5 A student is testing how different surfaces absorb radiant heat.

The student puts two metal plates in holders and places them on either side of a radiant heater as
shown in the diagram. One plate has a shiny metal side facing towards the heater and the other
plate has a dull black side facing towards the heater.

A metal disc is attached to each plate using wax.

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(a) The student turns on the radiant heater and starts a stop-clock. The wax on the plate with a
dull black side melts and the metal disc falls off the plate 53 seconds after the stop-clock is
started.

The metal disc on the plate with a shiny metal side remains attached for another 32 seconds
after the metal disc on the first plate falls.

Explain why the metal disc on the plate with a dull black side falls before the metal disc on the
plate with a shiny metal side.

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(b) Another student observes the experiment shown in the diagram and says that the comparison
of the two plates is not fair.

Suggest why the experiment is not fair.

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[Total: 4]

6 A student carries out an experiment to determine which surface is the better emitter of thermal
energy. She uses two similar metal containers. One of the containers has a dull black surface. The
other has a shiny white surface. The diagram shows the metal containers on a bench.
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(a) Suggest a procedure for her experiment. You may add to the diagram to assist with your
explanation.

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(b) Predict the result of the experiment described in (a).

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[Total: 4]
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7 The diagram shows a cross-section of the inside of a vacuum flask containing a cold liquid. The
walls of the vacuum flask are made of glass.

The vacuum flask is being used to keep a liquid cool on a hot day.

Explain how the labelled features of the vacuum flask keep the liquid cool by reducing thermal
energy transfer. Include the names of the processes involved.

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[Total: 5]