TÜRK STANDARDI

TURKISH STANDARD

TS EN 13481-2
Kasım 2002

ICS 93.100

DEMİRYOLU UYGULAMALARI-YOL-BAĞLANTI
SİSTEMLERİ İÇİN PERFORMANS ÖZELLİKLERİ-BÖLÜM
2:BETON TRAVERSLER İÇİN BAĞLANTI SİSTEMLERİ

Railway applications - Track; Performance requirements for

fastening systems - Part 2: Fastening systems for concrete
sleepers

TÜRK STANDARDLARI ENSTİTÜSÜ

Necatibey Caddesi No.112 Bakanlıklar/ANKARA
 TÜRK STANDARDI

Ön söz

– Bu standard, Türk Standardları Enstitüsü tarafından ilgili Avrupa standardı esas alınarak Türk Standardı
olarak kabul edilmiştir.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13481-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2002

ICS 93.100

English version

Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for

fastening systems - Part 2: Fastening systems for concrete
sleepers

Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Prescriptions de Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Leistungsanforderungen für

performance pour les systèmes de fixation - Partie 2: Schienenbefestigungssysteme - Teil 2:
Systèmes de fixation des traverses en béton Befestigungssysteme für Betonschwellen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 March 2002.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13481-2:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

Contents

page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................4
3 Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................5
4 Symbols ..........................................................................................................................................................5
5 Requirements .................................................................................................................................................6
5.1 Longitudinal rail restraint..............................................................................................................................6
5.2 Torsional resistance ......................................................................................................................................6
5.3 Attenuation of impact loads..........................................................................................................................6
5.4 Effect of repeated loading.............................................................................................................................7
5.5 Electrical resistance of fastening system and sleeper ..............................................................................8
5.6 Effect of exposure to severe environmental conditions............................................................................8
5.7 Dimensions.....................................................................................................................................................8
5.8 Effect of fastening system tolerances on track gauge ..............................................................................9
5.9 Clamping force .............................................................................................................................................10
5.10 Cast-in fastening components ...................................................................................................................10
5.11 In-service testing .........................................................................................................................................10
6 Test specimens ............................................................................................................................................10
7 Classification................................................................................................................................................10
8 Fitness for purpose .....................................................................................................................................10
9 Marking, labelling and packaging ..............................................................................................................10
Annex A (normative) Vertical load test for cast-in fastening components ........................................................11
A.1 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................................11
A.2 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................12
Annex B (normative) Determination of dynamic stiffness of rail pads...............................................................13
B.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................13
B.2 Terms and definitions..................................................................................................................................13
B.3 Symbols ........................................................................................................................................................13
B.4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................13
B.5 Apparatus .....................................................................................................................................................13
B.5.1 Controlled temperature test area ...............................................................................................................13
B.5.2 Steel plate .....................................................................................................................................................13
B.5.3 Abrasive cloth ..............................................................................................................................................13
B.5.4 Actuator ........................................................................................................................................................14
B.5.5 Displacement measuring instruments.......................................................................................................14
B.5.6 Force measuring instruments ....................................................................................................................14
B.5.7 Recording equipment ..................................................................................................................................14
B.6 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................14
B.7 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................14
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or
other provisions of EU Directives ..............................................................................................................15
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................17

2
 EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

Foreword
This document EN 13481-2:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway Applications”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by December 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by December 2002.

This document has been prepared under Mandates (M/0241, M/2752) given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives.

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

No existing European Standard is superseded.

This European Standard is one of the series EN 13481 “Railway applications  Track  Performance
requirements for fastening systems” which consists of the following parts:

 Part 1: Definitions;

 Part 2: Fastening systems for concrete sleepers;

 Part 3: Fastening systems for wood sleepers;

 Part 4: Fastening systems for steel sleepers;

 Part 5: Fastening systems for slab track;

 Part 6: Special fastening systems for attenuation of vibration;

 Part 7: Special fastening systems for switches and crossings and check rails.

These are supported by the test methods in the series EN 13146 “Railway applications — Track — Test methods
for fastening systems”.

The annexes A and B are normative.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

1) Railway Equipment

2) Standardization in the field of Railway Equipment on the Interoperability of the Trans-European High-Speed Rail System
3
EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

Introduction
A requirement for longitudinal rail restraint is included to control rail creep and pull apart in the event of a broken
rail.

Measurement of torsional resistance is included for use in assessing the risk of track buckling.

A class of high attenuation of dynamic loading is included for use when it is necessary to protect sleepers from
vehicle induced impacts.

The laboratory test for the effect of repeated loading is the means of assessing potential long-term performance of
the fastening in track.

The test for clamping force is only suitable for laboratory use.

1 Scope
This European Standard is applicable to fastening systems for use on concrete sleepers in ballasted track as
follows:

 main lines having a radius of curvature greater than 150 m and subject to a maximum design axle load of
260 kN;

 light rail systems having a radius of curvature greater than 80 m and subject to a maximum design axle load of
130 kN.

The requirements apply to:

 direct fastening systems and systems which incorporate a baseplate;

 fastening systems for the rail sections in prEN 13674-1 and prEN 13674-4.

This standard is not applicable to fastening systems for other rail sections, rigid fastening systems or special
fastening systems used at bolted joints.

This standard is for type approval of a complete fastening assembly only.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publications referred to applies (including amendments).

prEN 13146-1, Railway applications  Track  Test methods for fastening systems - Part 1: Determination of
longitudinal rail restraint.

prEN 13146-2, Railway applications  Track  Test methods for fastening systems - Part 2: Determination of
torsional resistance.

4
 EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

prEN 13146-3, Railway applications  Track  Test methods for fastening systems - Part 3: Determination of
attenuation of impact loads.

prEN 13146-4, Railway applications  Track  Test methods for fastening systems - Part 4: Effect of repeated
loading.

prEN 13146-5, Railway applications  Track  Test methods for fastening systems - Part 5: Determination of
electrical resistance.

EN 13146-6, Railway applications  Track  Test methods for fastening systems - Part 6: Effect of exposure to
severe environmental conditions.

prEN 13146-7, Railway applications  Track  Test methods for fastening systems - Part 7: Determination of
clamping force.

EN 13146-8, Railway applications  Track  Test methods for fastening systems - Part 8: In-service testing.

prEN 13230-1, Railway applications  Track  Concrete sleepers and bearers - Part 1: General requirements.

EN 13481-1, Railway applications  Track  Performance requirements for fastening systems  Part 1:
Definitions.

prEN 13674-1, Railway applications  Track  Rail  Part 1: Flat bottom symmetrical railway rails 46 kg/m and
above.

prEN 13674-43), Railway applications  Track  Rail  Part 4: Flat bottom symmetrical railway rails from 27 to
46 kg/m.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard the terms and definitions in EN 13481-1 apply.

4 Symbols
L lateral component of force transmitted by the wheel to the rail head as shown in Figure 1, in kN;

PL component of load parallel to the base of the sleeper, in kN;

PV component of load normal to the base of the sleeper, in kN;

V vertical component of force transmitted by the wheel to the rail head as shown in Figure 1, in kN;

X distance between the line of application of L and the centre of the gauge corner radius of the rail head as
shown in Figure 1, in mm;

angle between the load line and a line normal to the base of the sleeper, in degrees.

L PL
NOTE = = tan α
V PV

3) In preparation.
5
EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

1
2

X
L

Key

1 Line of load application

2 Centre of gauge corner radius

Figure 1  Load application position

5 Requirements

5.1 Longitudinal rail restraint

The longitudinal rail restraint shall be not less than 7 kN when measured by the procedure in prEN 13146-1. For
use in high speed tracks (≥ 250 km/h) the longitudinal rail restraint shall be not less than 9 kN.

When necessitated by the design of the supporting structure, and subject to agreement between the purchaser and
manufacturer, the minimum requirement for longitudinal restraint may be reduced.

5.2 Torsional resistance

The torsional resistance shall be measured by the procedure in prEN 13146-2 and the result reported.

5.3 Attenuation of impact loads

For fastening systems described as having medium or high attenuation of dynamic loads this shall be measured by
the procedure in prEN 13146-3 using the type of sleeper (monoblock or two block) on which the fastening is to be
used. The result shall comply with the following limits:

 medium attenuation ≥ 15 % ≤ 30 %;

 high attenuation > 30 %.

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 EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

5.4 Effect of repeated loading

This shall be determined by the procedure in prEN 13146-4. Test loads for the track types specified in Table 1 shall
be in accordance with Table 2. The value of Pv/cosα shall be obtained from Table 2 for the assembly design under
test. The values in Table 2 have been derived for the track classes shown in Table 1.

Table 1  Reference values for testing the effect of repeated loading

Type of track Main line Light rail

Rail section 60 E1 40 E1
1)
Axle load in kN 225 100
2)
Curve radius in m > 400 (soft pads) > 80 (all pads)

> 150 < 400 (med/hard pads)

1) The axle loads in this table are reference values only.

2) The dynamic stiffness of pads is stated for test purposes only. It should not be taken as a recommendation for the dynamic stiffness
of pads to be used in track.

Pads shall be classified as follows when the dynamic stiffness is measured in accordance with annex B.

 Soft - dynamic stiffness < 100 MN/m;

 Medium - dynamic stiffness > 100 MN/m < 200 MN/m;

 Hard - dynamic stiffness > 200 MN/m.

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EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

Table 2  Test loads and positions

Type of track Main line Light rail

Pad/assembly dynamic < 100 100 - 200 > 200 Any

1)
stiffness in MN/m

PV/cosα
2)
Maximum load 70 75 83 55
in kN

L/V 0,50 0,65 0,65 0,80

α
0
26 33 33 38,6

Load position X in Figure 1 15 15 15 25

in mm

1)
The pad dynamic stiffness is measured in accordance with annex B. Assembly dynamic stiffness is measured in accordance with EN 13481-
5:2002, annex B.
2)
The test loads apply only to rail sections included in prEN 13674-1 and prEN 13674-4 excluding 49 E 4.

For fastening systems which incorporate a second resilient layer or other elastic components, additional to the rail
pad, the assembly stiffness shall be used in Table 2. The assembly stiffness is measured in accordance with
EN 13481-5:2002, annex B.

The following measurements shall be performed before and after repeated loading. The change in performance
shall not exceed the values shown.

 Longitudinal rail restraint (prEN 13146-1) change < 20 %;

 Vertical stiffness (prEN 13146-4) change < 25 %;

 Clamping force (prEN 13146-7) change < 20 %.

5.5 Electrical resistance of fastening system and sleeper

If the user requires the fastening system to provide electrical insulation this shall be not less than 5 kΩ when
measured in accordance with prEN 13146-5. The user may specify a higher value for use with certain track circuits.

5.6 Effect of exposure to severe environmental conditions

Following exposure to the salt spray test in accordance with EN 13146-6, the fastening assembly shall be capable
of being dismantled, without failure of any component, using manual tools provided for this purpose.

5.7 Dimensions

The overall dimensions shall be within the envelope shown in Figure 2 to avoid interference with vehicles including
track maintenance vehicles.

NOTE This is applicable to all rail sections in prEN 13674-1 and prEN 13674-4 excluding 49 E4.

8
 EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

70
1

220

2
Key
1 Envelope for rail fastening assembly
2 Where an outside conductor rail is used this dimension is 180 mm
NOTE Envelope is symmetrical about rail centre line.

Figure 2  Envelope for rail fastening

5.8 Effect of fastening system tolerances on track gauge

Calculations shall be provided by the manufacturer to show the maximum variation in static track gauge which can
arise from the fastening system. The calculations shall be based on the nominal dimensions of the rail section
given in prEN 13674-1 or prEN 13674-4 and shall include any assumption about the position of the rail within the
fastening assembly and the tolerances on all component parts of the fastening system. It shall not include
tolerances arising from the location of the fastening components in the sleeper or from any baseplate location. The
variation in track gauge, calculated in this way, shall not exceed ± 1 mm.

The manufacturer shall also provide a drawing of the interface between the fastening system and the sleeper; this
drawing shall include:

 the external gauge point of the rail fastening system which defines the dimension L1 in prEN 13230-1;

 the dimension and the tolerance between internal and external gauge points for the rail section for which the
fastening assembly is designed;

 drawings with dimensions and tolerances of components of the fastening system;

 the nominal inclination of the rail seat.

9
EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

5.9 Clamping force

This shall be determined by the procedure in prEN 13146-7. The result shall be reported.

5.10 Cast-in fastening components

A vertical load test shall be performed using the procedure described in annex A. Three sleepers shall be selected
for test and one cast-in component in each sleeper shall be subjected to this test.

After removal of the load there shall be no cracks visible, with the naked eye including spectacles where worn, in
the concrete between the supports. Spalling of mortar immediately adjacent to the cast-in component is
permissible.

5.11 In-service testing

When required by the user, in-service testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN 13146-8.

6 Test specimens
When used for type approval testing the test specimens shall be provided by the organization commissioning the
test. Any change in the materials or design of one or more components shall necessitate retesting of the complete
fastening assembly.

7 Classification
Fastening systems are described, in 5.3, as having medium or high attenuation of impact loads.

Table 1 gives reference values for testing the effect of repeated loading. These are appropriate for maximum axle
loads of 260 kN for main line and 130 kN for light rail systems.

NOTE Light rail systems can use maintenance vehicles with maximum axle loads exceeding 130 kN.

8 Fitness for purpose

The manufacturer shall ensure that the fastening systems supplied comply with the requirements of this European
Standard. Specifications for individual components shall be provided by the manufacturer at the time the assembly
is presented for testing.

NOTE Users of this European Standard are advised to consider the desirability of quality system assessment and registration
against EN ISO 9001 by an accredited third party.

9 Marking, labelling and packaging

Where there is adequate space for legible marking and no effect on performance, each component shall be
permanently marked with raised or indented symbols or letters which identify the manufacturer and include the
particular component reference. When components are packed in containers each container shall be labelled with
details of the components and with the production batch number or date of manufacture.

10
 EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

Annex A
(normative)

Vertical load test for cast-in fastening components

A.1 Test procedure

This test is for components of the fastening system which are cast into the concrete during the manufacture of
concrete sleepers.

For inserts intended to receive a screw the load shall be applied to the insert through a screw, from the fastening
system, inserted to the design depth. For cast-in components intended to house a clip the load shall be applied
through the feature which retains the clip.

The loading arrangement is shown in Figure A.1. If the load support coincides with a projecting insert position the
support shall be modified to bear symmetrically each side of the insert and retain the 100 mm dimension. The load
shall be applied normal to the rail seat of the sleeper, at a rate of (50 + 10) kN/min until the required load is
reached. The required load shall be 60 kN or the minimum specified by the manufacturer providing this is not less
than 60 kN. This load shall be maintained for 3 minutes and then removed without shock.

100 100 2

3
4

Key

1 Load centre line

2 Support for load
3 Fastening inserts
4 Layer of conformable material

Figure A.1  Test arrangement

11
EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

A.2 Test report

The test report shall include at least the following information:

a) number, date of issue and title of this standard;

b) name and address of laboratory performing the test;

c) date test performed;

d) description of test specimens;

e) origin of test specimens;

f) maximum applied load;

g) result of visual inspection after test.

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 EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

Annex B
(normative)

Determination of dynamic stiffness of rail pads

B.1 General
This annex describes a laboratory test procedure to determine the dynamic stiffness of rail pads. It is intended to
provide data for the selection of pads for use in the determination of the effect of repeated loading (prEN 13146-4).

B.2 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this annex the terms and definitions in EN 13481-1 apply.

B.3 Symbols

D1 average maximum displacement of the pad, in m;

D2 average minimum displacement of the pad, in m;

F1 maximum applied force, in MN;

F2 minimum applied force, in MN;

KDYN dynamic stiffness, in MN/m.

B.4 Principle
A cyclic force is applied, normal to the test pad, through an actuator at a constant frequency. The resulting
maximum and minimum displacements of the surface of the pad are measured.

B.5 Apparatus

B.5.1 Controlled temperature test area

0
The area of the laboratory where the test is conducted, maintained at (23 + 5) C.

B.5.2 Steel plate

A rigid steel plate having the same width as the foot of the rail used for repeated loading (prEN 13146-4).

B.5.3 Abrasive cloth

Sheets of fabric coated with abrasive grit of particle size (45 – 75) µm. Each sheet being not less than the full area
of the pad to be tested.

13
EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

B.5.4 Actuator

Actuator capable of generating a force of up to 95 kN at a frequency of (3 - 5) Hz.

B.5.5 Displacement measuring instruments

Instruments capable of measuring the vertical displacement of the surface of the test pad, within + 0,1 mm, at a
frequency of (3 - 5) Hz.

B.5.6 Force measuring instruments

Instruments capable of measuring the applied force, within + 0,3 kN, at a frequency of (3 - 5) Hz.

B.5.7 Recording equipment

Equipment to make a digital recording and print out of the displacement and applied force at a sampling frequency
of 50 Hz.

B.6 Procedure

All components and equipment used shall be kept in a temperature of (23 ± 5) C for at least 24 h prior to starting the
0

test. Place the test set-up on a flat, rigid, horizontal base, which will support the whole area of the pad, in the
following sequence: base, abrasive cloth (abrasive side up), pad, abrasive cloth (abrasive side down), steel plate.

Ensure the steel plate is located on the active area of the rail pad. Locate at least three instruments to measure the
displacement of the steel plate at equal intervals around the perimeter of the plate.

Apply a cyclic force of 20 kN to 95 kN at (4 ± 1) Hz for 1 000 cycles. During the last 100 cycles record the applied
load and the steel plate displacement over 10 cycles. Then calculate the average values for D1, D2, F1, F2
assuming the pad deflection is equal to the plate deflection. Calculate the dynamic stiffness using the following
formula.

F1 − F2
K DYN =
D1 − D2

B.7 Test report

The test report shall include at least the following information:

a) name, number and date of issue of this standard;

b) name and address of the laboratory performing the test;

c) date test performed;

d) name, designation and description of the pads tested;

e) origin of the test specimens;

f) dynamic stiffness of the pads tested.

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 EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)

Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or

other provisions of EU Directives

This European Standard has been prepared under the mandates M/024 and M/275 given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive:

- Council Directive 96/48/EC of 23 July 1996 on the Interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail
)
system4 .

Compliance with this standard provides one means of conforming to the specific essential requirements of the
Directives concerned and associated EFTA Regulations.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling within the scope
of this Standard.

4) Official Journal of the European Community No L 235/6 of 17.09.96

15
EN 13481-2:2002 (E)
Table ZA.1 - Correspondence between this European Standard and EU Directive
Clauses/sub-clauses of this European Standard Chapter/§/points of TSI Infrastructure
§ 5 Requirements Chapter 4 – Description of the
Infrastructure subsystem
Clauses:
§ 4.3 - Specified performance
5.1 Longitudinal rail restraint Points :
- - 4.3.3.10 Track gauge and
5.4 Effect of repeated loading
tolerances
5.8 Effect of fastening system tolerances on track - - 4.3.3.16 Resistance of the track,
switches and crossings to vertical
gauge
loads
5.5 Electrical resistance of fastening system and - - 4.3.3.17 Resistance of the track,
switches and crossings to lateral
sleeper loads
5.11 In-service testing - - 4.3.3.18 Track geometrical
quality
Annex B (Normative) – Determination of dynamic - 4.3.3.22 Track stiffness
stiffness of rail pads - 4.3.3.28 Electrical
characteristics of the
superstructure
Chapter 5 – Interoperability
constituents
§ 5.2 – Description of the
interoperability constituents of the
Infrastructure Subsystem
Point 5.2.2 - The Rail fastening
systems
16
Corresponding text, §/annex Comments
of the Directive 96/48/EU
Only the following points:
Longitudinal rail restraint,
Effect of repeated loading,
Chapter II Article 5 Electrical resistance of
points 3a; 3b fastening system and
sleeper,
Annex II point 3
Annex III Clauses 1.1; Effect of fastening system
1.5 tolerances on track gauge
In-service testing,
Annex B - Determination
of dynamic stiffness of rail
pads,
Chapter II Article 5 are to be considered as
point 3e relevant to satisfy the essential
Chapter III Article 8 requirements of the Directive
96/48/EC.
The applicable test procedures
for the assessment of those
characteristics are the following
European Standards:
prEN 13146-1, prEN 13146-4,
prEN 13146-5, EN 13146-8
quoted within clause 2 -
Normative reference of the EN
13481-2.
 EN 13481-2:2002 (E)

Bibliography

Standards publications

EN 13481-5:2002, Railway applications  Track  Performance requirements for fastening systems  Part 5:
Fastening systems for slab track.

EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems  Requirements (ISO 9001:2000).

TSI Infrastructure - Technical specification for interoperability relating to the infrastructure subsystem of the trans-
European high-speed rail system.

17