PAPER ENGLISH LANGUAGE

“PARALLEL STRUCTURE AND PREPOSITION OF TIME”

ARRANGED BY :
MIFTAHUL JANNAH
EFRY ERMAWAN
DEDEN ARIF BUDIMAN
IMAM MAULANA AKBAR

HEALT AND RECREATION PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAM

STKIP MUHAMMADIYAH KUNINGAN
2023

PREFACE
First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished
writing the paper entitled “Parallel Structure and Preposition of time” right in
the calculated time.

The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Mrs.
Badroeni, M. Pd as lecturer in samantics major.

in arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and obstructions but
with help of many indiviuals, those obstructions could passed. writer also
realized there are still many mistakes in process of writing this paper.

because of that, the writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the
process of writing this paper. hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you
all.the writer realized tha this paper still imperfect in arrangment and the
content. then the writer hope the criticism from the readers can help the writer
in perfecting the next paper.last but not the least Hopefully, this paper can helps
the readers to gain more knowledge about samantics major.

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 LIST OF CONTENTS

PREFACE………………………………………………………..........................
.....…………2

LIST OF CONTENTS…………………………………………..........................
…………3

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

A. Background……………………………………..............................4
B. Formulation of the problem…………….......…………………..5
C. Objective……………………………………………...................
……...5

CHAPTER 2 DISCUSION

A. Understanding Parallel Structure …………………………...

…….......6
B. Rules for Using Parallel
Structures……………………………………...6
C. Examples of Sentences Using Parallel Structures………..…..7
D. Understanding Preposition Of
Time…………………………………….8
E. Types of prepositions of time. . . . . .....................................9
F. Examples of prepositions of time........................................11

CHAPTER 3 CLOSING
Conclusion ……………………………………………...............12

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

Parallel Structure means sentence elements that have the same

function using the same construction or grammatical pattern. The elements of
the sentence include words, phrases and clauses using Parallel Structure in
sentences will make writing clearer and more enjoyable to read.

B. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1. Understanding Parallel Structure

2. Rules for Using Parallel Structures
3. Examples of Sentences Using Parallel Structure

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 4. Understanding Preposition Of Time
5. Types of prepositions of time
6. Examples of prepositions of time

C. OBJECTIVE

1. Understand meaning Parallel Structure

2. Understand Rules for Using Parallel Structures
3. Know Examples of Sentences Using Parallel Structure
4. Understand meaning Preposition Of Time
5. Understand Types of prepositions of time
6. Know Examples of prepositions of time

CHAPTER 2 DISCUSION

A. UNDERSTANDING PARALLEL STRUCTURE

Parallel structure is a match or parallel structure in a sentence. The point is that

the elements in a sentence use the same grammatical pattern. Elements in a sentence
can be a noun (noun), phrase (phrase), or clause (clause).
By using this parallelism or parallel structure, we will be able to show that the
elements in the sentence are equivalent to one another.
Parallel Structure is a sentence that is included in the most complicated level, namely
complex-compound sentence. Parallel Structure is a sentence that has more parts of
speech or parts of sentences than sentences in general.
Parallel Structure means sentence elements that have the same function using the
same construction or grammatical pattern. The elements of the sentence include
words, phrases and clauses using Parallel Structure in sentences will make writing
clearer and more enjoyable to read.

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B. RULES FOR USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE

If you want to use a parallel structure, there are a few rules you need to know. What are they?
⮚ The parallel structure is applied to elements connected by coordinate conjunctions (and, but,
or, as, and others) in a series. If the linked element is proposed by an article (a, an, the) or a
preposition (in, on, at, etc.), then the article or preposition is used for each element or only for
the first element. Example:
1. While Mario was sleeping, his bag and its contents disappeared. (While Mario was sleeping,
the bag and its contents disappeared.)
2. Air force bases may be in the north, south, west, and east. (The air force base may be north,
south, west, or east.)

⮚ The parallel structure is applied to elements connected by correlative conjunctions (eg not
… but …, not only … but also …, between … and …, the more … the less, the less, the
less … the more). Example:
1. He can not only drive a car but also a helicopter. (He can drive not only a car but also a
helicopter.)
2. This book is not for you but for your cousin. (This book is not for you but for your
cousin.)

⮚ The parallel structure is applied to the compared elements (comparison). Example:

1. I prefer swimming to cycling. [or I like swimming better than cycling.] (I like jogging
more than cycling.)
2. My phone is cheaper than my brother's phone. (My cellphone is cheaper than my brother's
cellphone.)

C. EXAMPLES OF SENTENCES USING PARALLEL STRUCTURE

Have you got the big picture from using parallel structure? Let's look at an example sentence :

⮚ This event will be held in Bandung, Jakarta, Semarang, and Yogyakarta. (Shows will be
held in Bandung, Jakarta, Semarang, and Yogyakarta.)
⮚ This cake is not for you but for your mother. (This cake is not for you but for your
mother.)
⮚ I love music, art and poetry. (I like music, art and poetry.)
⮚ The questions in the exam are simple but difficult. (Questions on the exam are simple but
difficult.)
⮚ I bought this ring not for my boyfriend but for my little sister. (I bought a ring at not for
my boyfriend but for my little sister.)

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 ⮚ He prefers swimming to running. (He prefers swimming to running.)
⮚ I want to paint my bedroom and buy a new bed. (I want to paint my room and buy a new
mattress.)
⮚ Every morning, we make the bed, have breakfast and feed the dogs. (Every morning, we
make the bed, have breakfast and feed the dogs.)
⮚ I will not sing songs, nor will I dance. (I will neither sing nor dance.)
⮚ I had showered and was eating my breakfast by the time he got to my house. (I had
already showered and had eaten my breakfast by the time he got to my house.)
⮚ The teacher tells them that they need to study and they have to practice their words every
night. (The teacher tells them that they have to study and they have to practice the word
every night.)
⮚ We enjoyed relaxing and sitting in the sun. (We enjoy relaxing and lounging in the
sunshine.)

D. UNDERSTANDING PREPOSITION OF TIME

Preposition means the front word. While time means time. Preposition of time is a
preposition to indicate time.time

Preposition of time is a preposition that is used to indicate time. Adverbs of time are
displayed in prepositional combinations with the following object. The object in question is
the object of preposition, where the combination of preposition and object is called a
prepositional phrasephrase.

E. TYPES OF PREPOSITION OF TIME

According to Panca Prastowo in the book Quick Tips on Mastering Grammar and 16 Tenses
(2016), there are three types of prepositions of time, namely in, on, and at.
1. in
The use of the preposition of time is divided into several types. Here's the explanation:
In is used for long periods of time, such as months, years, seasons, and so on.
example :
1. In March / pada bulan Maret

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 2. In 2022 / pada 2022
3. In the 18th century / pada abad ke-18
4. In the morning / di pagi hari
5. In the first week of April / di minggu pertama bulan April.

In is used for the future.

Example:

The train wil be leaving in a few minutes

The pattern "in a period of time" can be followed by the word time, in order to make the
duration of an activity more specific.
Example:
They are getting married in six months' time

2. On
The use of the preposition of time is divided into two types, namely: Used to refer to dates
and day names.
Example:
1. On Saturday / on Saturday
2. On Lebaran Day / on the day of Eid On March 20th / on March 20th
3. On weekends / on weekends.

3. At
This type of preposition of time is used when you want to say what time it is or a more
specific description of time.
Example:
1. At 5 o'clock / at 5 o'clock
2. At night / at night
3. At the moment / currently
4. At the same time / at the same time.

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F. EXAMPLES OF PREPOSITION OF TIME

Examples of prepositions of time are at, in, on, before, after, for, since, by.

1. at means on; at is used to state what time or more specific time information.
2. in means on; in denotes a long period of time such as week, month, year, season, century.
3. on means on; on can be used to specify a specific day as well as a specific date.
4. before means before; before describes the time before something happened.
5. after means after; after describes the time after something happened.
6. for means during; for is used to specify a specific duration of time.
7. since means since; since is used to indicate the start time of something.
8. by means on or before; by declares the time before or at a certain moment.

The following is an example of a Preposition of Time sentence using the prepositions

at, in, on, before, after, for, since, by.

1. We woke up at 10 am. (We wake up at 10 am.)

2. I was born in January 1990. (I was born in January 1990.)
3. Will she come on Monday? (Will he come Monday?)
4. Before 12 pm, I'm going to buy some cake. (Before 12 o'clock, I will buy a cake.)
5. I'll see you after June. (We will meet after June.)
6. We have lived in Indonesia since 2000. (We have lived in Indonesia since 2000.)
7. You have been watching TV for three hours. (You've been watching TV for three
hours.)
8. She will finish the task by 7 o'clock. (He will complete the task at 7 o'clock.)

CHAPTER 3 CLOSING

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CONCLUSION

Parallel structure is prepetition a form of the verb, adjetive, noun on form any words. When
you see the prepetition of a word, then you simply consider the form of the word if it starts
with "to" then it must the followed by "to" when starting with a "noun" then it must be
followed by a "noun" there are two things thats must be considered in parallel sentence
Preposition of time is a preposition to indicate time.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/english-tips/parallel-structure/

https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2022/04/01/133000169/preposition-of-time--pengertian-jenis-
dan-contohnya

https://www.kampunginggris.id/parallel-structure?k_id=ef234be7-4427-49cb-8d3e-a3f55de6ca40

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