UNIT 2: PRACTICE

A. PHONETICS 
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. prestige uy tín B. connect C. harvest  D. congestion 
2. A. housing B. crisis  C. cost  D. custom
3. A. navigate ei B. necessitate C. in’adequate không đủ D. debate
ei
4. A. muzzle B. lizard  C. pizza /s/ D. puzzle
5. A. bargain mặc cả B. campaign C. ascertain D. complain 
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 
1. A. de’crease giảm sút B. fa’cilitate dễ dàng C. ‘fluctuate dao động
D. en’sure bảo đảm
2. A. pro’pose B. ‘summarize tống kết C. ‘centralize tập trung
D. ‘illustrate minh hoạ
3. A. transfor’mation B. urbani’zation C. revolution D. population
4. A. agri’cultural nông nghiệp B. unem’ployed C. su’stainable chịu đựng
D. eco’nomic
5. A. ‘mi’serable tồi tàn B. in’frastructure cơ sở hạ tầng C. a’menity nhã nhặn
D. ‘necessary  ne’cessity
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR 
I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences.
Metropolis thủ phủ, thủ đô relatively- relative(n): ho hàng (a) khá, tg đối
ticking density ranking  slums khu ổ
chuột productivity tính năng suất urbanization
1. The __________density _______________ of population is quite high in urban areas.
2. Rich countries, despite having solved all their basic needs, experience trải qua a
similar accumulation chất đống of social pressureáp lực xã hội as if it was a
__________ticking_____________ time bomb.
3. If Nigeria's population continues to grow and people move to cities at the same rate as
now, Lagos could become the world's largest __________metropolis_____________, home
to 85 or 100 million people.
4. Nearly half of the world's 3.9 billion urban dwellers dân cư reside
in _________relatively______________ small settlementsnơi ở nhỏ with fewer than 500,000
inhabitants. Ng dân cư
5. With nearly 38 million people, Tokyo tops UN's ________ranking_____________ of most
populous cities followed by Delhi, Shanghai, Mexico City, São Paulo and Mumbai. 
6. _________slums______________ are urban areas that are heavily populated with
substandard kh đủ tiêu chuản housing and very poor living conditions. 
II. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences.
Tính danh
Danh danh: danh từ ghép, luôn đi đôi
Động trang
Trạng tính
Trang trạng
1. Since the renovation cải tiến policy launched ban hành in 1986, Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam, has experienced the fastest 
________ủzbanization_______________ process(n). URBAN 
2. There has been a rapid nhanh chóng_____migration_- sự di cư__of rural people to urban
areas for jobs and better 
living. MIGRATE 
3. Urbanization promotes thức đẩy foreign direct _______investment_____________ which
in turn helps in improving the foreign exchange trao đổi reserves đảo chiều of the country.
INVEST
4. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained + adj duy trì
ntn= stay+ adj( stay healthy)_______ineffective_____________ as only a few people were
lucky enough to be able to get access to tiếp cạn preferential khoản nợ loans. EFFECT
5. Several international organizations want to invest in
social _______housing_____________ development for the youth in Vietnam. HOUSE 
6. At the moment, finding solutions for _________sustainable___________ urban
development is one of ietnam's current top priorities. SUSTAIN 
7. Urban _______dwelles_must rely on the rural hinterland for agricultural nông nghiệp
production. DWELL 
8. As the world continues to _________urbanize___(v)________, sustainable development
depends increasingly on the successful management of urban growth. URBAN
9. A city that grows without these structures in place is at high risk nguy cơ for poverty nghèo
đói and ________íntability____________.
STABLE
10. The disease is common in developing countries lacking thiếu adequate sewage nước thải
and sanitation vệ sinh
_______facilitys phượng tiện, phg thức_________________. FACILITATE
11. Some people worry that the city has become __________populated__________.
POPULATE
12. Since the number of people aspiring xin việc for jobs is more than jobs available có sẵn
, ________unemployment____________ is a natural outcome of situation. EMPLOY 
III. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Linda insisted that the newly-born baby ____ after her husband's father.
Name after: đặt tên theo
A. could be named  B. be named  C. must be named  D. ought to be
named
2. It was such a beautiful evening that one of us suggested we ____ the meeting outside.
A. could have B. had  C. might have D. have
3. I requested that first-year students ____ to change their courses in the first two weeks.
A. would be permitted  B. be permitted to do sth: đc cho phép lm j

C. were permitted  D. are permitted 

4. His advisor recommended that he ____ at least three courses each semester 
A. takes  B. can take C. should take D. would
take
5. It is important that he ____ to the director of the programme.
A. should speak B. speak  C. would speak D. speaks
6. It's important that they ____ to take her medicine twice a day. 
A. remember B. remembering C. to remember D. remembers
7. I suggest that Frank ____ the instructions carefully before playing that game.
A. reading B. to read C. read  D. reads
8. Mrs. Smith demanded that the heater____ immediately. Her apartment was freezing.
A. repaired B. be repaired C. repair D. to repair
9. It's vital quan trọng that the United States ____ on improving its public education system. 
A. focuses  B. focus  C. focusing  D. focused
10. The monk thầy tu insisted that the tourists ____ the temple until they had removed their
shoes.
A. not entering B. not to enter  C. not enter  D. don't enter 
IV. Choose the correct answer that best completes each of the following sentences.
1. Due to industrialization, many changes were ____ in people's daily lives. 
= becáuse of sth: bởi vì
Make changes: tạo thay đổi
A. kept  B. got C. maintained D. made 
2. Urbanization is happening at such a brisk rate that the government is planning entire new
cities in ____ of large new urban populations. 
 A. expectation mong chờ B. anticipation trạng thái đề phòng C. danger nguy
hiểm D. view 
3. The rapid ____ of rural population to urban places give rise to housing problem and thus
slums are developed in these places.
A. increase  B. rushes  C. inflows chảy vào D. poverty 
4. The increase in population in urban places ____ water and sanitation facilities, which
results ____ environmental pollution and health hazards hiểm hoạ = problem. 
Results in= bring about=lead to=cáue: gây ra
A result from B:A nguyên nhân tuừ B
A. destroys - from B. breaks - into  C. pressurizes - in D. decreases - on 
5. Slums are urban areas that are ____ populated with substandard housing and very poor
living conditions. 
A. thinly  B. thickly  C. crowdedly  D. heavily 
6. Unemployment and poverty force people to ____ in anti-social activities. 
Force sb to do sth: ép ai làm gì
Be included in

A. include  B. engage in: tham gia C. take  D.

oppose to sth: phản đối
7. Due to dumping of sewage chất thải from factories in water bodies, water pollution often
results (in)____ of epidemics.dịch bệnh
Purging: đẩy mụn
A. breakout(v) B. outbreaks(n) C. out breakings D.
breaking outs 
8. Access to education, health, social services and cultural activities is more ____ available to
people in cities than in villages.
A. readily sẵn sàng = B. willingly C. extremely  D.
comparatively tương đối
9. The public authority of Ho Chi Minh City is going to be ____ problems of urban planning
and management.
A. come up with + giải quyết đc kết luận, có giải pháp B. addressed địa chỉ with
gọi tên C. contented with D. got into mắc vào
10. Vietnam is facing đối mặt numerous nhiều challenges caused by rapid urbanization,
leaving burdens gánh nặng on its technical and social ____.
A. appliance B. facilities C. equipment D. infrastructure 
V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of
the following questions.
1. Urbanization brings with it several consequences - both adverse and beneficial.bất lợi
A. negative  B. favorable  C. advantageous D. preferential
2. The quality of urban water bodies is increasingly exacerbated by a huge volume of
untreated industrial công nghiệp and domestic nội wastewater. Làm tăng, trầm trọng
A. added  B. decreased C. reduced D. aggravated
3. A city that grows too quickly can also experience an array of environmental issues.dàn
trận
A. variety đa dạng B. proportion phần trăm C. rate 
D. pace mức độ,k/c
4. Low-income lg thấp dwellers are generally living in older areas of modern cities, which
are well known for poor sanitation vs , lack of health facilities and basic amenities.
A. aid  giúp đỡ B. facilities cơ sở vật chất C. resource 
nguồn D. place nơi
5. India is facing a house shortage in urban areas at the moment and more housing would be
required in order to meet future demand. Đáp ứng nhu câu trg tl
A. encounter bắt gặp B. introduce C. fulfill hoàn thành D.
stumble 
VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of
the following questions.
1. Urbanization has many adverse bất lợi effects on the structure of society as
gigantic concentrations of people compete (V)đấu tranh for limited resources.nguyên
liệu

A. favorable  B. disadvantageous bất lợi   C. unlucky  D.

unpropitious
2. The absence of effective and representative government exacerbates urban environmental
health problems.
A. aggravate B. heighten C. reduce  D. magnify
3. Most of the world's largest cities are considerably smaller by the year 2000 than had been
expected. Đáng kể
A. substantially bền vững B. slightly nhẹ, mỏng C. significantly
D. greatly 1 cachd to lớn
4. Cities are like magnets nam châm , with the potential to take care of everything from the
most basic needs to the most intangible desires tinh thần . Không thể sờ thấy
 A. impalpable khó cảm thấy B. invisible vô hình C. indefinable k định
nghĩa đc D. clear rõ ràng
5. The proportion phần trăm between public and private space in such spontaneous
urbanization is invariably less than 1:10. Không thay đổi
A. never B. regularly C. habitually D. dependably 
VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction.
1. Government should be used national resources tài nguyên thiên nhiên in a more efficient
way in order to meet the needs of growing populations.
A. be used  B. more efficient C. in order to D. needs
2. Because of urbanization continues, not only the infrastructure for health but also other
social services in cities need improving. 
A. Because of B. not only C. but also D. need improving
3. The green belt is also getting real dense (adj) due to people moving out of the city too
many. 
A. is B. real  C. moving D. many
4. To accommodate the fastly growing population, the government must come up with a
solution soon. 
A. fastly B. must C. with  D. soon
5. The concentration of population may help to minimize our environmental impact on the
planet and help cities designs policies chính sách and practices to prepare for the influx.
Help sb to do sth: giúp ailm j( hướng dẫn)
Help sb do sth( lm hộ)
A. concentration B. on  C. designs D. practices 
VIII. Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.
1. Liz is telling Andrew about her first novel. 
Liz. "Guess what? My first novel has just been published.” – Andrew. “____”
A. It's my pleasure.  B. Congratulations! 
C. Better luck next time!  D. It's very kind of you.
2. Mrs. Smith and her students are visiting the zoo. 
Mike. "Can I feed the gorilla, Mrs. Smith?" – Mrs. Smith. “____. The sign says 'No
feeding the animals'.” 
A. Of course you can  B. I don't think it works. 
C. I'm sure about that.  D. I'm afraid not 
3. Hung was invited to Hoa's party. He wants to thank her for the lovely party.
Hung: "Thank you very much for a lovely party." – Hoa: “____”
 A. Thanks.  B. Have a good day!  C. You are welcome.  D.
Cheers.
4. Tom: "I'm sorry, I won't be able to come". - Mary: “____.”
A. Great!  B. Oh, that's annoying(khó chịu) 
C. Well, never mind D. Sounds likes fun 
5. Tom: "Can you make it at 3 p.m on Friday for our meeting?" - Tony: “____” 
A. OK, that's fine. B. That's not true. I met him three
days ago.
C. Very well, thanks.  D. You have a point there, but I
don't think so.
C. READING 
I. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the
following passage. 
Especially đặc biệt   relies tin vào  which  infrastructure 
transform biến đổi environmentally 
Relies on= bank on= depend on: dựa dẫm vào
Transform sth in sth: biến đổi cái j thnahf cái j
CITIES GOING GREEN
As more and more people concentrate tập trung in cities, planners are looking for
tìm kiếm ways to (1)transform cities into better living spaces. This can be done by
improving cải tiến existing hiện tại (2) _infrastructure(n)  _ while also creating more
public spaces that are both beautiful and green. This can be hard to accomplish đạt đc,
(3) _Especially in cities with a haphazard bừa bãi fashion.
Some cities have been created with the idea of a green city as the goal. One such city,
Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates, aims mục đích to become a model for other
cities to follow. It is being known as a truly green city that (4) relies(v) strictly hoàn
toàn, nguyên khắc on renewable sources such as solar energy to provide all of its
energy needs. In addition,thêm vào đó it will be a zero waste city in (5) which
everything that is used can be recycled. Whether liệu có k it will truly accomplish its
goal remains to be seen, but it will also act as an experiment thí nghiệm for (6)
environmentally -friendly thân thiện mtrg areas to be tested.
II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the
following passage. 
SUSTAINABLE bền vững CITIES: A CLEANER FUTURE
For the past few decades, there has been an urbanization đô thị hoá trend around the
world, where more and more people are moving to cities. Since 2009, the UN Habitat (1)
____ that over 3 million people are moving into cities every week. Urban areas have been an
attractive destination for migrants in (2) ____ of finding a better job and a higher (3) ____
living. 
While migrants contribute (4) ____ to đống góp the economies of cities, ever-
increasing populations raise issues of congestion, (5) ____ of resources, and
increased (6) ____ on waste management infrastructure, healthcare, and education. By 2050,
it is estimated that 70% of the world's population will live in cities which makes the concept
of Sustainable Cities an efficient (7) ____ the growing population. 
(8) ____, Sustainable Cities have an essential role in the urbanization trend to improve
residents lives by (9) ____ environmental initiatives sáng kiến and projects such as limiting
CO2 gas emissions in the air, using renewable energy sources, or bringing awareness to
environmental issues. With outdoor pollution killing over 3 million lives yearly, (10) ____ in
cities, it is evident that urbanization can increase the environmental (11) ____ upon(on)
cities. Many cities around the world have redesigned their city planning strategies and
commenced initiatives (12) ____ these issues directly trực tiếp.
1. A. estimates ước tinhs B. expects mong đợi  C. claims tuyên bố D.
counts đếm
2. A. anticipation đề phòng  B. hopes hi vọng C. view  D.
possession sở hữu
3. A. reason for  B. tax of thuế C. standard of  tiêu chuẩn D. cost of giá
thành
4. A. virtually B. practically thực tế C. immensely vô cx D.
annually
5. A. distribution phân bố B. collection sưu tầm C. reputation D. solution
giải quyết
6. A garbage B. pressure on áp lực C. demand for yêu cầu D.
dependence tin cậy
7. A. reaction to B. resolution to giải pháp C. answer to D. approach to
hướng đến
8. A. Therefore bởi vì B. Moreover ngoài ra, hơn nữa C. As regards có liê quan
D. However tuy nhiên(.,; khẹp giữa 2 dấu)
9. A. focusing on B. depending on dựa vaof C. developing on phát triển D. putting
on đặt lên
10. A. the most B. almost of sth/all hầu hết, gần như C. equally công bằng
D. mostly (adv) hầu như
11. A. affect sth(v) ảnh hg B. cause nguyên nhân C. effect on sth (n)ảnh hg
D. drawback of sth mặt hạn chế= dis
12. A. to accept B. to assault tấn công C. to improve cải thiện (k đi vs issues)
D. to target mục tiêu
IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. 
LIVING ROOFTOPS mái nhà
Creative urban planners continually seek new ways to make cities more satisfying
places to live. One versatile tool in this pursuit is the "green roof" which draw from
fundamental precepts in architectural kĩ sư design, horticulture, and urban development. At
its most basis, a green roof system transforms a conventional truyền thống roof into a living
roof by adding a waterproof membrane. The membrane is then covered with drainage and
filter layers, a growth medium (e.g. soil) and live plant. A green roof can be built on a flat or
graded surface, can be thick or thin, and can feature flowering plants. Familiar rooftop garden
have plants in pots or planters. A green roof goes further. It is an integral part of a building
and one that offers ecological and economic benefits, as well as aesthetic appeal. 
Roofs covered in living plants were used in ancient Mesopotamia for aesthetic
purposes (the famed Hanging Garden of Babilon), in Viking settlements, and on the
American Great Plains for basic shelter and insulation (sod houses). The green roof as we
know it, however, is a relatively recent creation. The first modern green roof was developed
in Germany during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Their man function mục đích was to slow
water drainage that was straining storm-sewer systems in urban areas where natural
vegetation was scare hiếm . The idea subsequently spread xuyên suốt through Europe and
made a few inroads into some American cities. 
A wide range of environment benefits can result from the adoption of green roof.
Preliminary research suggests that living roofs help clean polluted urban air. For example,
grass cỏ acts as a natural air filter, removing lm mất đi each day 0.2 kilograms of airborne
particulates from the air per square meter of grass-covered surface. By converting carbon
dioxide (CO2) into oxygen through photosynthesis, plants also help limit the build-up of year
to meet the annual oxygen requirement of an average human being. 
Rooftop green space in cities also helps mitigate what scientists call the urban heat
island effect. Structure bề mặt surfaced with conventional building material-paved roads and
black rooftops, fox example- absorb-solar radiation bức xa and release thải it into the near
surface environment in the form of heat. The effect is to raise the air temperature in a big city
by up to 5°C over the temperature in the surrounding countryside. Using mathematical
models, a Canadian research team found that if only 5 percent of the roof area of Toronto had
green roofs, air temperature would be reduced by 1°C to 2°C Celsius. 
Green roofs save money through energy and resource conservation nguồn tài nguyên.
Studies done in Germany, where an estimated 10 percent of all roofs today are green, suggest
that green roofs last two or three times longer than conventional roofs. The long service life
of a green roof means that fewer resources and less energy will be expended dùng in roof
replacement.
Green roofs also save money by lowering the cost of interior thuộc về bên trg heating
and cooling One study found that an average building with a green roof requires 25 percent
less cooling in commercial facility in Germany with a green roof save enough money in three
years through lower heating and cooling costs, since additional cooling tower had become
unnecessary k cần thiết. As energy costs increase, the tenants of buildings with green roofs
will undoubtedly reap additional savings. 
A city's livability is as much about the attractiveness of one's surroundings as it is
about living costs. The aesthetic benefits of green roofs should not be discounted. Green roofs
designed to be parks or gardens can help address a lack of green space in many urban areas.
Some are even used for the small-scale, largely recreational production of edible vegetables.
All this vegetation naturally attracts songbirds, ducks and other waterfowl, butterflies, and
bats. Especially for those whose windows look out over a city's roofs cape-apartment
dwellers, office workers, even patients in high-rise hospitals a green roof can provide a
priceless connection with nature and the cycle of seasons. On the whole, living roofs add
plants into urban landscapes, making cities more environmentally sound and less stressful,
and they do so in a cost-effective manner.
1. According to paragraph 1, green roofs. 
A. are very heavy B. thrive mostly in warm climates
C. are composed of cấu thành several layers of material  D. can provide most food
a city needs
2. The word "one" in the passage refers to ____.
A. a pot or planter  B. apart of a building 
C. an environmental benefit  D. a green roof
3. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true about modern green roofs EXCEPT
____.
A. they were initially developed in Germany B. they were designed to slow
water drainage
C. they were used in Viking settlements  D. they are found in a few
American cities
4. The word "filter" in the passage is closet in meaning to ____.
A. producer B. container C. cooler  D. cleaner 
5. According to paragraph 3, carbon dioxide is ____.
A. an airborne particulate B. an environmental benefit
C. something a green roof can help control  D. something a green roof can
help make
6. The word "mitigate" in the passage is closet in meaning to _____.
A intensify tăng , nguyên trọng hơn B. cause  C. prevent ngăn
chặn D. weaken
7. According to paragraph 4, temperatures in urban areas tend to be higher than in the
surrounding countryside because ____.
A. cities are more crowded B. vehicles moving on paved
roads create heat
C. green roof in rural areas absorb heat D. commonly used building
materials retain heat
8. What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about conventional roofs? 
A. Replacing one is costly
B. They are one type of living roof.
C. Resources needed to build them are now scare. 
D. They have a service life of less than ten years.
9. The word "expended" in the passage is closet meaning to ____.
A. made large B. used up C. asked for D. found out
10. In paragraph 6, why does the author mention the case of the commercial facility điều kiện
? 
A. To illustrate minh hoạ the high cost of buying a green roof
B. To show that businesses have expenses homeowners don't have
C. To give one case in which green roofs produce energy
D. To support the claim that green roofs can reduce costs
D.WRITING
I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the
given sentence.
1. In the end, I felt I had been right about leaving him, we were just not suitable for each
other.
I had no regrets about having left him, we were just not suitable for each other.
Regrets(v) ving tiếc việc đã lm
Regret to v: phải lm
2. "Get the hell out of my house now or I'll call the police!" said the angry widow to
the bold trơ trẽn, tho lỗ intruder kẻ xâm nhập.
The angry widow threatened to call the police if the bold intruder didn’t Get the hell
out of my house now
3. I only missed him when he left me for that girl.
Not until _when he left me for that girl
 Only time ưhen MĐ= not until trợ V S V_
4. I had just taken off my dirty clothes to go to bath when someone knocked at the door.
No sooner had I taken off my dirty clothes to go to bath than someone knocked at the
door
No sooner… than…: vừa mới…thì đã
=hardly…when
=scarely…when
II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the
given sentence.
1. Although she was not very good-looking, the prince loved her at the very first sight.
Despite_her not very good-looking appearance diện mạo,, the prince loved her at the
very first sight.
Despite/ in spite of+ ving/ cụm n=although
2. "Hey, what's that book you're addicted (v) to nghiện cái j these days?" Jane asked Jim.
Jane asked Jim _what the book he was addicted to those days was
3. You'd better start revising from now on or you won't pass the exam.
It's high time you started revising or you won't pass the exam. ______
4. It was absolutely wrong of you to leave me stranded in that crowded room full of strangers
like that.
You should _not have left me ….
Suy luận trg quá khứ:

should have P2: đáng lẽ nên lm j

Could have P2: có thể đã lm j

Must have P2: chắc chắn đã lm j ( chắc chắn hơn must)

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