EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF

RETROFITTING ON REINFORCED CEMENT

CONCRETE USING GLASS FIBER

 DHINAKAR J 953418103004
 MARUTHU ELANGO K 953418103006
 MATHAN FRANKLIN A 953418103007
 MELBIN V M 953418103009

PROJECT GUIDE

Mr. R.IYAPPAN, M.E., AP/CIVIL

 AIM:

 The aim of our project is to study of the strength of the

hardened concrete using Retrofitting on Reinforced
Cement Concrete using Glass Fiber.
 ABSTRACT
Retrofitting is the modification of existing structure to improve the performance
and durability of the structure, structures that lose their strength due to the
environment climatic changes and might be abandoned as a high cost is required
to restore the structures. However, strengthening of old or damaged structures is
sometimes may be more economical compared to demolishing or rebuilding
them. For reinforced concrete (RC) beam structure, the flexural strength can be
improved by installing additional reinforcement materials such as glass fiber
many of the existing reinforced concrete structures throughout the world are in
urgent need of rehabilitation, repair and reconstruction because of deterioration
due to various factors like corrosion, failure of bonding between beam-coloumn
joints etc. It stabilizes the structure of buildings and making them to withstand
any climatic changes. This technique consist of wrapping Glass Fiber Reinforced
Polymer composite mats on the shear and flexural zones of the RC beam and
studying their characteristics.
INTRODUCTION:
 Concrete is the most widely used construction material has several desirable properties
like high compressive strength, stiffness and durability under usual environmental
factors.
 Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is a concrete made primarily of hydraulic cements,
aggregates and discrete reinforcing fibers. FRC is a relatively new material.
 This is a composite material consisting of a matrix containing a random distribution or
dispersion of small fibers, either natural or artificial, having a high strength.
 Retrofitting is the process of modification of existing structure like buildings, bridges,
heritage structures to make them more resistant to the seismic activity and other natural
calamities.
OBJECTIVE:

 In the following objectives are envisaged:

 Study the mix design aspects of the GFRC.
 Understand the various applications involving GFRC.
 Compare GFRC with alternatives such as stone, aluminum, wood,
steel, marble and granite.
 Performlaboratory tests that are related to compressive, tensile and
flexure by use of Glass fiber in the concrete pour.
SCOPE

To increase the strength of concrete by using the

Glass fiber
These materials are easily available, so it can be
economically low cost.
LITERAURE REVIEW
BALASUBRAMANAIAN ET.AL. (2007)

STUDY: Evaluated the performance of the CFRP/GFRP wraps

used for retrofitting of the beams and columns.The
performance of the RC beams was found to have
improved after retrofitting using FRP wrapping. But the
performance of both CFRP and GFRP were almost
similar.
CONCLUSION:
RC columns retrofitted with single layer of
CFRP/GFRP wrap, peak load, maximum strains as
well as ductility index were higher than the control
RC columns for both the lateral tie spacing
Sing-ping Chiew (2007),

STUDY : Presented an experimental and numerical study for flexural

behaviour of RCC beams strengthened with GFRP and concluded that by
bonding GFRP laminates to the tension face of flexural RC beams; both
strength and stiffness of the beams can be increased.

CONCLUSION : Debonding failure occur when the interfacial

bond in the shear span is fully utilized. All the strengthened beams fail
by de-bonding of GFRP laminates
Perumelsamy N. Balaguru and Surendra P. Shah (1992)

Examined that the tests conducted on GFRC in

laboratory have shown good resistance for fire, since
the major use of GFRCs is for architectural building
panels. In these buildings, fire resistance becomes an
important factor in design.
Tarek & Al-Salloum (2001)

STUDY:have strengthened and tested the three beams with GFRP

and two with CFRP composites using epoxy resins and test results
were compared with a control beam. 1, 2 and 4 numbers of layer of
1.3mm GFRP and 1 and 2 layers of 1mm CFRP were used for
externally strengthening beams.

CONCLUSION:It was concluded that the flexural strength of

strengthened beams using FRP laminates at tension zone, more than
that of control beam. Outcome results based on computational model
which has been presented by the author were performed well in the
prediction of experimental results
Abdelhady et al. (2006)

STUDY : has studied on the influence of hybrid FRP wrapping

techniques on the reinforced concrete Tee beams. Seven beams were
tested including one control specimen. CFRP, GFRP and both
laminates were provided at different locations, directions and
connected with a beam by epoxy adhesives.

CONCLUSION: Theoretical values were compared with

experimental values and it shows good correlation. The
characteristics of beams can be determined by strain
compatibility approach accurately
Yogesh Murthy 2015

STUDY:“The Performance Of Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete” ,

The study revealed that the use of glass fibre in concrete not only
improves the properties of concrete and a small cost cutting but also
provide easy outlet to dispose the glass as environmental waste from
the industry

CONCLUSION:. From the study it could be revealed that the

flexural strength of the beam with 1.5% glass fibre shows almost
30% increase in the strength. The reduction in slump observed with
the increase in glass fibre content..
METHODOLOGY:
STUDY OF MATERIALS

COLLECTION AND TEST OF MATERIALS

MIX DESIGN

CASTING AND CURING

WRAPPING FIBERS

TESTING

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

COLLECTION OF MATERIALS:

 Cement
 Fine aggregate
 Coarse aggregate
 Water
 Glass fiber
GLASS FIBER

 Glass fiber is material consisting of

numerous extremely fine glass fibers.
 Glass fibers has roughly comparable
mechanical properties to other fibers
such as Carbon fiber
 Glass fiber is much cheaper and
significantly less brittle when used in
composites
PHOTOGRAPH SHOWS THE GLASS FIBER
TESTING OF MATERIALS:

 Fineness Modulus of FineAggregate

 Specific Gravity of Cement
 Specific Gravity of FineAggregate
 Specific Gravity of CoarseAggregate
MIX DESIGN FOR M20:
STIPULATIONS FOR PROPORTIONING:

a) Grade of concrete = M20

b) Type of cement = OPC 53 Grade

c) Maximum nominal size of C.A = 20mm

d) Maximum water cement ratio = 0.50 (IS 456:2000)

e) Degree of Workability = 0.90 Compacting Factor

f) Exposure Condition = Mild

g) Degree of Quality Control = Good

h) Type of C.A = Crushed angular aggregate

i) Minimum cement content = 383kg/m³ (IS 456:2000)

TEST DATAFOR MATERIALS

Cement used = OPC 53 Grade

Specific Gravity of Cement = 3.16
Specific Gravity of C.A = 2.61
Specific Gravity of F.A = 2.79
Water Absorption of C.A = 1.5%
Water Absorption of F.A = 0.99%
Free Moisture for C.A = Nil
Free Moisture for F.A = 2.03%
THE MIX PROPORTION THEN BECOMES,

Water Cement F.A C.A

191.6 l/m3 383 kg 586 kg 1192 kg
0.50 1 1.425 3.10
CASTING & CURING
WRAPPING
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST FOR CUBES

Cube size of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm we cast and tested after 7and
28 days of curing to determine their cast the cube were placed on the
compression testing machine and the load was applied gradually the load at
which the cube fails is noted and the compressive strength was
calculated by using the formula.

Compressive stress = P/A N/mm

Where,

P = load at failure in N,

A = area of loading place cube in mm2

TESTING OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ON CUBE
Cube Testing Details for 7 & 28 days
Average
Duration Compressive Compre-
Fiber Crushing Load
of Curing Cube Strength ssive
Wrapping (kN)
Period (N/mm2) Strength
(N/mm2)

1 420 19.28
7 days 2 410 18.30 19.09
Without 3 430 19.70
wrapping 1 470 20.86
28 days 2 460 20.47 20.56
3 450 20.36
1 490 21.80
7 days 2 480 21.34 21.57
With 3 470 21.57
Wrapping 1 530 23.34
28 days 2 510 22.65 22.95
3 520 22.86
 Compressive strength without wrapping

20.86
22
20.47
7 DAYS
comp. 20.36 19.70 28 DAYS
strength 20
19.28
18.30

17

400 420 450 470

LOAD

Compressive strength with wrapping

23.34
23
22.86
7 DAYS
comp. 22 22.65 21.80 28 DAYS
strength
21.57
21.34
21

20

480 490 500 510 520 53

0
LOAD
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH FOR CYLINDER

A concrete cylinder of size 150 mm dia×300 mm height is

subjected to the action of the compressive force along two opposite
edges, by applying the force in this manner. The cylinder is
subjected to compression near the loaded region and the length of
the cylinder is subjected to uniform tensile stress. Direct
measurement of tensile strength of concrete is difficult. One of the
indirect tension test method is split tension test. The split tensile
strength test was carried out on the compression testing machine.
The casting and testing of the specimens were done as per IS5816:
1999.
 The cylinders are kept in between the plates of split testing
machine and load is given by means of rod. When the load is applied
into the specimen it begins to from crack.
Horizontal tensile stress = 2P/ πDL

Where,
P =Compressive load on the cylinder
L = Length of the cylinder
D = Diameter of the cylinder.
PHOTOGRAPH OF SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST
CYLINDER TESTING DETAILS FOR 7 & 28 DAYS

Duration Split Average

Crushin
Fiber of Tensile Split Tensile
g Load
wrapping Curing Cylinder Strength Strength
(kN)
Period (N/mm2) (N/mm2)

1 170 2.44
2 175 2.50 2.50
7 days
Without 3 180 2.57
Wrapping 1 230 3.28
28 days 2 220 3.15 3.24
3 240 3.46
1 250 3.55
7 days 2 260 3.67 3.54
With 3 240 3.42
Wrapping 1 280 3.97
28 days 2 290 4.11 3.98
3 270 3.86
 Tensile strength without wrapping

4.0
3.46
tensile 3.5 3.28
strength 3.15 7 DAYS
3.0 28 DAYS
2.57
2.5 2.50
2.44
2.0

1.5

160 180 200 220 240 260

LOAD

Tensile strength with wrapping

4.11
4.0 3.97

3.9
3.86 7 DAYS
tensile 3.8 28 DAYS
strength
3.7
3.67
3.6 3.55

3.5 3.42

250 260 280 300

LOAD
FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST FOR PRISM

Flexural strength test was conducted as per recommendations

IS: 516 – 1959. In flexural strength test, beams of size 100 × 100
× 500 mm were casted.
The beams are kept in between the plates of flexural testing
machine and load is given by means of rod. When the load is
applied into the specimen it begins to from crack. The point at
which the specimen begins to fall is noted. The various days of
curing results are tabulated by flexural
 fb = (P x l) / (b x d2)
When ‘a’is greater than 20.0 cm specimen or greater than 13.3 cm for a 10.0
cm specimen, or
fb = (3P x a) / (b x d2)
When ‘a’is less than 20.0 cm but greater than 17.0 cm for 15.0 cm specimen,
or less than 13.3 cm but greater than 11.0 cm for a 10.0 cm specimen
Where
b = measured width in cm of the specimen,
d = measured depth in cm of the specimen at the point of failure,
l = length in cm of the span on which the specimen was supported, p =
maximum load in kg applied to the specimen.
PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN DURING TESTING OF PRISM.
PRISM TESTING DETAILS FOR 7 & 28 DAYS
Duration Flexural Average
Fiber Crushing Flexural
of Strength
Wrapping Load (kN) Strength
Curing Prism (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
Period
1 15 3.13
7 days 2 14.5 3.04 3.12
Without 3 15.5 3.21
Wrapping 1 16 3.33
28 days 2 16.5 3.42 3.37
3 15 3.24
1 18 3.95
7 days 2 17.5 3.90 3.90
With 3 16 3.87
Wrapping 1 20 4.16
28 days 2 21 4.37 4.21
3 19 4.10
 Flexural strength without wrapping

3.5
3.42
3.4
flexural 3.33 7 DAYS
strength 3.3 28 DAYS
3.24 3.21
3.2
3.13
3.1
3.04
3.0

14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17

LOAD

Flexural strength with wrapping

4.37

4.3

flexural 4.2
strength 4.16 7 DAYS
4.1 4.10 28 DAYS

4.0
3.95
3.9 3.90
3.87
3.8

17 18 19 20 21 22
LOAD
 CONCLUSION
It has been observed that the strength of concrete increases with the wrapped
of Glass Fibers. But, this difficulty can be overcome by using plasticizers or super-
plasticizers
The increase in Compression strength of cube for M-20 grade of
concrete at 7 and 28 days are observed to be a layer. When compared with
28 days strength of Plain Concrete.
The increase in tensile strength of cylinder for M-20 grade of concrete at 7
and 28 days are observed to be a layer. When compared with 28 days strength
of Plain Concrete.
The increase in flexural strength of prism for M-20 grade of concrete at 7
and 28 days are observed to be a layer. When compared with 28 days strength of
Plain Concrete.
It has been also observed that there is gradual increase in early strength for
Compression and strength of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete as compared to
Plain Concrete, Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete as compared to PlainConcrete.
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THANK YOU