Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics Set B Practice Paper Solutions

Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
1 n
2 n  pn  q 
We want to prove that 
r 3r  r  2 
1

6  n  1 n  2
Method 1
Use the method of differences:
2 A B
First write  
3r  r  2 r r  2
Then 2  3A  r  2   3Br
Setting r  0 gives 2  6A
1
So A 
3
Setting r  2 gives 2  6B
1
So B  
3
1 1
2
And so  3 3 M1
3r  r  2 r r 2
So:
n 1 1
2

r 1 3r  r  2 

1
3 
3
3

1 1
 3  3
2 4
1 1
 3  3
3 5

1 1
3  3

n 2 n
1 1
 3  3
n 1 n 1
1 1
 3  3
n n 2 M1
1 1 1 1
    A1
3 6 3  n  1 3  n  2
1 1 1
  
2 3  n  1 3  n  2 
3  n  1 n  2  2  n  2  2  n  1
 M1
6  n  1 n  2
3n 2  9n  6  2n  4  2n  2

6  n  1 n  2 
3n 2  5n

6  n  1 n  2 
n 3n  5 
 so p = 3, q = 5 A1
6  n  1 n  2

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 21 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
Method 2
Use a proof by induction:
To find p and q substitute in initial values of n
Let n  1, then:
2 2
Left-hand side  
3 1 1 2  9
1  p  q  p q
Right-hand side  
6 23 36
Now let n  2, so:
2 2 11
Left-hand side   
9 3  2   2  2  36
2  2p  q  2p  q
Right-hand side  
63 4 36
2 p q 11 2 p  q
So  and 
9 36 36 36
 p  q  8 and 2p  q  11
 p  3 and q  5 (M1)
n
2 n 3n  5 
Now use induction to prove that 
r 3r  r  2 
1

6  n  1 n  2
for

all n  1
The basis case has been established since p and q were chosen so as to
make the statement true when n  1
Inductive step:
Assume the statement is true for n  k , so:
k
2 k 3k  5  (M1)

r 1 3r  r  2

6  k  1 k  2
Then, when n  k  1,
k 1 k
2 2 2

r 1 3r r  2
  3r r  2

  r 1     k  3
3 k  1
k 3k  5  2
 
6  k  1 k  2 3  k  1 k  3
k 3k  5  k  3  4  k  2

6  k  1 k  2 k  3
3k 3  14k 2  19k  8
 (A1)
6  k  1 k  2  k  3 
We want the k  1 term in the denominator to cancel, so try dividing the
numerator by (k  1) in order to factorise:
3k 3  14k 2  19k  8   k  1 3k 2  11k  8 

  k  1k  13k  8

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 22 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
k 1
2  k  1 k  13k  8
So 
r 3r  r  2
1

6  k  1 k  2 k  3
(M1)

 k  1 3  k  1  5 

6   k  1  1   k  1  2 
which is the statement we are trying to prove with n  k  1
So if the statement is true for n  k , then it is true for n  k  1
Since it is true for n  1, by the principle of mathematical induction it is true
for all positive integers n
n
2 n (3n  5) (A1)
So  
p = 3, q = 5 r 1 3r  r  2  6  n  1 n  2  5
2a  11
Π passes through the point with position vector  2  and is perpendicular
 
 1
 
 1
to  4 
 
 3 
 
 1
So Π has vector equation r  4   k
 
3
 
 11  1
where k   2   
   4   111 2  4  1 3  6 M1
 1  3
   
 1
So the vector equation of Π is r  4   6
 
3
 
x   1 
   
  y   4   6
z   3 
   
x  4y  3z  6  x  4y  3z  6 A1
2b  5   2 
The line ℓ has vector equation r  1    1
 
   
 1  2
   
 1 
A normal vector to the plane Π is  4 
 
 3 
 
If θ is the angle between ℓ and this normal to the plane, then:
 2   1  2   1 
       
 1  4    1   4   cos
 2  3   2  3 
       

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 23 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
We have
 2   1
   
 1  4    2 1  1   4   2  3
2 3
   
8 B1
 2 
and  1   2   1
2 2
 22  3
 
 2
 
 1
 
 4   1   4   3  26
2 2 2

 3 
 
So 8  3 26 cos M1
 8 
   arccos  
 3 26 
This is the angle
n
between the line and
the normal n to the
plane, so the angle
between the line and θ
the plane is 90° – θ,
as shown to the right 90° – θ

So the angle between the line and the plane is:

 8 
90  arccos   M1
 3 26 
‘Show that’ question –  31.5321
Answer given in question  31.5 (1d.p.) A1
2c  x   5  2 
A general point on ℓ has position vector  y    1  
   
 z   1 2 
   
Substitute these values of x, y and z into the Cartesian equation for Π:
From part (a), x  4y  3z  6 so:
 5  2   4 1    31 2   6 M1
 6  8  6
 8  12
12 3
   A1
8 2

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 24 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
So if X is the point of intersection of ℓ and Π, then:
 3
 5  2  2 
  3 


OX  1 M1
 2 
 
 1 2  3 
 2 
 8 
 
1
  
 2
 4 
 
 1 
So X has coordinates  8,  1 , 4 
 8,  , 4  A1
 2   2  10
3 Method 1
z 5  i

Write i  e
 i
2 B1

 i  2k  i
or i  e 2 for any k 
1  
   2k   i M1
and so z  e 5 2 

To ensure      , k  2, 1, 0, 1, 2, and this gives:

1   9   3 7 A1 Finds five consecutive
   2k     ,  ,  , ,
5 2  10 2 10 10 10 values

9   3 7
 i  i  i i i
So z  e 10
,e 2
,e 10
, e 10 , e 10 A1
Method 2
If z  ei then z  cos  isin
By de Moivre’s theorem, z 5  cos5  isin5
So z 5  i  cos5  isin5  i (M1)
and so cos5  0 and sin5  1 (M1)
If cos5  0, then
9 7 5 3   3 5 7
5   , , , , , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
If sin5  1, then
9 5  3 7
5   , , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2
Taking the common solutions we have:
9 5  3 7
5   ,  ,  , , ,
2 2 2 2 2
9   3 7

9
i

 i    ,  ,  , , (A1)
z e 10
,e 2
, 10 2 10 10 10
 3 7 9   3 7
 i i i  i  i  i i i
e 10
, e 10 , e 10 So z  e 10
,e 2
,e 10
, e 10 , e 10 (A1)
4

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 25 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
4a Let p be the number of puffins on the island at the start of the year
Let t be the number of turtles on the island at the start of the year B1 Defines variables
Let l be the number of lemurs on the island at the start of the year relating to the number of
There are a total of 3000 animals on the island at the start of the year animals

 p  t  l  3000
Increasing p by 1.1%, increasing t by 3.5% and decreasing l by 1.5%
leads to an overall increase of 51 animals
 0.011p  0.035t  0.015l  51
The number of puffins and turtles combined is equal to four times the number
of lemurs
 p  t  4l  0
So, as a single matrix equation:
 1 1 1  p   3000 
    
 0.011 0.035 0.015  t    51 
 1 4    
 1  l   0  B1 Any correct matrix
See right (allow second row of (1.011 1.035 0.985)(t) = (3051)) equation

4b From part (a),

1
p  1 1 1   3000 
     
t 
   0.011 0.035 0.015   51 
l   1 1 4   0 
    
Using a calculator,
 p   1000 
   
 t    1400  M1 Attempts to solve
 l   600 
   
1000 puffins, 1400 turtles, So at the start of the year there are 1000 puffins, 1400 turtles, and 600 A1 Interprets solution in
600 lemurs lemurs context

4c Notes that ‘3000’ actually represents a range of values, e.g. B1

• The value of 3000 used in the matrix equation is actually some value in the interval 2950–3049
Concludes that solution will actually come from some range of values, e.g. B1
• There will be a range of answers for each animal 6
5a The bowl-shaped section has equation y  8   x , so has a minimum at
2

(0, 8)
The cone section starts at y  0
8 cm So the height of the cone is 8 cm B1
5b RQS has equation y  8   x and passes through the point  5, 13 
2

 13  8    52 M1
13  8  25
1 5 1
or 0.2    A1
5 25 5

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 26 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
5c The total volume, V, of the trophy is the sum of the volume of the conical
part, V cone, and the volume of the bowl-shaped part, V bowl
1
The volume of a cone with radius r and height h is  r 2h
3
The conical part of the trophy has radius r  3 cm and height h  8 cm, so
1
Vcone    32  8  24 cm3 B1
3
The bowl-shaped part of the trophy is the solid of revolution formed by
1
rotating the curve y  8  x 2 through 360° about the y -axis between
5
y  8 and y  13
The volume of the solid formed by rotating x  f(y ) about the y -axis
b
between y  a and y  b is   x 2 dy
a

1
y  8  x 2  x 2  5y  40
5
13
B1 FT (uses their λ in
Vbowl   
8
5 y  40  dy integrand)
M1
13
5 
   y 2  40 y  A1
 2 8
 5  5 
    132  40 13     82  40  8   M1 Uses correct limits
 2  2 
 62.5
So the volume of the trophy is:
V  24  62.5 M1 Adds their volumes
272 cm  3  271.747  272 cm (nearest cm ) 3 3
A1
5d Any valid limitation, e.g. B1
• The bowl-shaped section is unlikely to stay attached to the point of a cone, so the cone probably does
not narrow all the way to to a point
5e Any suitable comment with a reason, referring to their values, e.g. B1 FT
323  272
• 100  15.7894 so the model underestimates the volume of gold needed by 16%
323
(nearest integer), hence the model is unsuitable 12
6ai z  1 i  2 represents a circle with centre (–1, 1) and radius 2

 1
2
The distance of 1 i from the origin is  12  2

Im

M1 Circle with centre

(–1, 1)
A1 Fully correct, passing
–1+i through origin

O Re

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 27 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
6aii Let z  x  iy
Then z  1 i  x  iy  1 i
  x  1  i  y  1

 x  1   y  1
2 2


 x  1   y  1
2 2
So if z  1 i  2, then  2
M1
  x  1   y  1  2
2 2
A1 Any correct form
Converting to polar form using x  r cos , y  r sin gives:

 r cos  1   r sin  1
2 2
2 M1 Uses x = rcos 
and y = rsin  and attempts
 r 2 cos2   2r cos  1 r 2 sin2   2r sin  1  2 to simplify

 r  2r cos  2r sin  0 (using cos   sin   1)

2 2 2

‘Show that’ question –

Answer given in question  r  2sin  2cos (as r  0 in general) A1
6bi Im

B1 Shading inside circle

centre (–1, 1), radius 2
B1 Shading within correct
–1+i line segments with correct
solid boundaries
O Re

6bii The area of a sector bounded by the polar curve r  f   between   

1 
 f    d
2
and    is 
2 
So the area of the region defined by A is:
1 23
  2sin  2cos   d
2

2 2
2
 2 3  sin2   2sin cos   cos2   d M1
2

2
 2 1 sin2  d
3
M1
2

2
 1 3
 2   cos2  A1
 2 
2

  2 1 4   1 
 2   cos     cos   
 3 2 3  2 2 
  2 1  1     1 
 2              1   M1
 3 2  2   2 2 
 1
 2  
 6 4
 1  1
   A1
3 2 3 2 13

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 28 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
7 d
y  2sinh2 x  3sinh x  2, so using  sinh x   cosh x ,
dx
dy
 4sinh x cosh x  3cosh x M1
dx
dy
Stationary points occur where  0, so
dx
4sinh x cosh x  3cosh x  0
 cosh x  4sinh x  3  0 M1
cosh x is never zero since cosh x  1 B1
sinh x is a one–one function, so 4sinh x  3  0 has a single solution B1
So the only stationary point occurs where 4sinh x  3
3
 x  arsinh  
4


For any θ, arsinh  ln    2  1 
3 3
2 
So x  ln     1 
 M1 Uses correct logarithmic
4 4  or exponential method
 
3 25 
 ln   
4 16 
 ln2 A1
3
Using sinh x  in y  2sinh2 x  3sinh x  2,
4
2
3 3
y  2    3  2 M1
4 4
7
 A1
8
‘Show that’ question –  7
So the only stationary point is at  ln2, 
Answer given in question  8 8
8a dN
 N  2H  t  1 (1)
dt
dH
 4N  3H  4t (2)
dt
1 dH 3
From (2), N    H  t (3)
4 dt 4
dN 1 d2H 3 dH
    1 (4) M1
dt 4 dt 2 4 dt
Substituting (3) and (4) into (1) gives:
1 d2H 3 dH 1 dH 3
 2
 1   H  t  2H  t  1 M1
4 dt 4 dt 4 dt 4
1 d2H 1 dH 5
   H 0
4 dt 2 2 dt 4
‘Show that’ question – d2H dH
 2
 2  5H  0 A1
Answer given in question dt dt

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 29 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
8b d2H dH
 2  5H  0 has auxiliary equation m  2m  5  0
2
2
dt dt
2  22  4 1 5 M1
m 
2 1
2  16

2 A1
 1 2i
If the auxiliary equation has roots p  q i, then the general solution is
H  e pt  A cosqt  B sinqt 
M1
H  et  A cos2t  B sin2t  So the general solution is H  et  A cos2t  B sin2t  A1
8c H  et  A cos2t  B sin2t 
dH
  et  A cos2t  B sin2t   et  2A sin2t  2B cos2t  M1
dt
1 dH 3
From (a), N    H  t so
4 dt 4
1
N 
4
 e t  A cos2t  B sin2t   e t  2A sin2t  2B cos2t  

3 t
 e  A cos2t  B sin2t  M1 Substitutes H and dH
dt
4
t
1
1  et   2B  2A  cos2t   2A  2B  sin2t   t
N  et ( A  B  sin2t 4
2 1
 e t   A  B  sin2t   A  B  cos2t   t A1 Any correct form
  A  B  cos2t )  t 2
8di We are told that when t  0, N  12 and H  430
H  et  A cos2t  B sin2t 
430  e0  A cos0  B sin0
M1
 430  A
1
N  et   A  B  sin2t   A  B  cos2t   t
2
1
 12  e0   430  B  sin0   430  B  cos0   0
2
1
 12    430  B 
2
M1
 B  454
So H  et  430cos2t  454sin2t 
The stalagmite is reduced to nothing when H  0, so
et  430cos2t  454sin2t   0 M1
e t  0 for all t, so 430cos2t  454sin2t  0
454sin2t  430cos2t
430
 tan2t  A1
454
1  430 
 t  arctan    0.379127
2  454 
So the stalagmite will be reduced to nothing after
1000 0.379127  379.127 years A1
2379 So in the year 2379

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 30 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019
 Qu
Answer Solutions Marks
No
8dii Substituting A  430, B  454 into
1
N  et   A  B  sin2t   A  B  cos2t   t gives:
2
N  et  442sin2t 12cos2t   t
So when t  0.379127
N  e0.379127...  442sin  2  0.379127...  12cos  2 0.379127... 
0.379127...
 214.379
214 million (3 s.f.) So 214 million bacteria (3 s.f.) A1
8diii Any sensible comment on the model, e.g. B1
• The stalagmite is unlikely to support such a large colony of bacteria when it has shrunk almost to nothing 17

Edexcel A Level Core Pure Mathematics – Set B – Solutions Page 31 of 41 © ZigZag Education, 2019