AMA COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER

NAGA CITY

EXPENDITURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ONLINE

AND TRADITIONAL
CLASSES IN GRADE 12 STUDENTS
AT ACLC NAGA

GROUP 5

Marian Almocera

Emiel Cepe

Mariane Joy Cortez

Ahjey Salayon

Micah Oberos

Michaela Ignacio

Ms. Sophia Nicole Bihag

Teacher
 CHAPTER I

Introduction

The global pandemic has caused an occurrence of lockdown due to Covid-19

has caused drastic changes in social settings, safety precautions, and living habits of
the people. One of the evident transitions the people had to go through is the change
of traditional or in person class setting into an online and modular one. It has caused
an impact on people, especially the students as well as their parents, from the
adjustments on expenses to their routines. This change in class setting has been
somehow efficient with reducing the cost of expenses in their households on some
factors, except for those who struggled as the accessibility and materials they needed
in order to have an online class setting was costly rather than what they expected.
There are notable challenges everyone had to go through this transition but over the
time, they were able to adjust and adapt to this kind of setting. However, as the
pandemic is now coming to an end, there is also a slow and careful transition of
coming back to a traditional class set-up which earned an uproar in the public wherein
opinions or complaints were thrown due to the matter that everyone has to adjust once
again and plan their budgets according to the situation.

Studies have shown the toll on the changes in class settings over the expenditures
of households as they try to accommodate the expenses their children need and adjust
their budget plan again. According to, Krakoff Sonya (2022) in general, online
learning is more affordable than traditional education. Student's are not required to
purchase separate books for each subject. Subjects, in contrast to what traditional
education requires. As a result, online education is both environmentally and student
friendly. You don't have to spend a lot of money at ACLC, and even private free
tuition is available, but you must maintain a grade of 83 or higher. You only need to
spend money on a uniform, identification, and transportation.

The researchers aim to find out the needed resources and results by the end of
the study based on a thorough observation, analysis and by conducting a survey to
have a more fact-based outcome that will answer the questions for this research.
Based on the experiences and views of the students like the researchers who are the
primary subject who experienced the transition of online class setting to face-to-face
classes, this study is done to know the viewpoints of each in terms of changes,
adjustments, and especially their expenditures. The researchers hope to gather
relevant data and information that will be used to determine what were the factors and
such that affected the student's lifestyle and changes in their expense due to the
transition of their class setting.
Statement of the problem

The study will focus on Expenditure Differences Between Online and Traditional
Classes for Grade 12 Students at ACLC-Naga. Specifically it aims to answer the
following Questions:

1. What is the difference in expenditures between online and traditional class?

Fare
Learning materials

2. Is there any significant relationship between the class setting and the student's
expenditures?

3. What is the differences between online and traditional education and its benefits
for current situation?

Scope and Delimitation

The study covers the expenditure difference between online and traditional Classes in
grade 12 students at ACLC – Naga. It will focus only on the students by knowing the
differences of their expenditures between online and traditional class.
The researcher only focuses on the expenditure and significant relationship
between the classes settings. As days goes by, the prices of goods, as well as the cost
of attending online and traditional classes, continue to increase.

Significant of the study

This research study will benefit the students in terms of budgeting their money for
educational expenses. Further,the research also gives relevance to several groups of
people of similar interest on this study

Pupil. The pupils will be able to realize what mode of class has more expenses in that
way,they can either start saving money or budget their allowances to meet up with
their expenditures per day.

Parent. The Parents will be able to budget their child's weekly or monthly allowance
upon gaining the knowledge or information from the study. The study will not only
provide them a gist of how student spend their allowance but raise awareness on
problems that their child might be facing due to the expenses.
School Teacher. The study will give them a basis of how the changes affected the
student's budgeting plan in which they can use to study on how to provide projects
and in a manageable way for both parent and their child. Through this, the teachers
will also be able to use this as an insight of the struggles and problems that their
students face with.
Future researchers. The study will provide substantial information and serves as a
related study for future researchers who would want to pursue a similar study in the
future.

Theoretical Framework

The theoretical underpinning of this study is Howard Bowen’s Revenue Theory of

Costs and supported by the Increasing Competition Theory of Dylan Matthews and
The theory of Costs Without Camouflage by Jorg Guido Hulsmann. This research, a
comparative study in expenditure difference between online and traditional classes in
Grade 12 ACLC Naga, is supported by the said theories to acknowledge a deeper
understanding of the study's main purpose.
The Revenue Theory of Costs is a principle distinguish by the founding
Father of Academic Conception, Howard Bowen (1980). This theory reveal that if the
goal is to cut costs while maintaining quality and access, we must think differently at
a structural level so that quality, affordable options for students are assured. Hence,
the fixed cost associated with developing online courses are actually higher when
compared to fixed costs for traditional classes. Setting aside the considerable expenses
related to technology and course infrastructure. Some of the costs associated with
creating online courses are passed on to students in the form of technology fees, a
bundle that may include access to course materials and other resources.
Dylan Matthews (1985), Theory of Increasing Competition supported
Bowen’s theory. He States that given the fact that school quality often hard to
determine, education often signal quality with a high sticker price and large
expenditures – exactly what Bowen’s claims implies. Bowen’s rule fits perfectly with
the alternative theories of decreased state funding and increased competition. More
fundamental reforms enhance the importance of output of education in spending
decisions are necessary.
The theory of Costs Without Camouflage; a cost analysis by Jorg Guido
Hulsmann (2003). He stated that until as ten years ago, costs was a major
discriminator affecting the choice of education. There have been dramatic reductions
in the cost of developing and distributing in online education, in the last ten years due
to several factors: Improvements in media software, make it relatively easy for non-
professional users to create and distribute all kinds of media; Inc
 Conceptual Framework

The need to provide students with quality education, along with the availability of
online learning, has made the virtual classroom a practical course option for many
traditional public and private schools. The instructional technology used in the
learning environment facilitates delivery of the content. This study took into account
that the online learning model adopted the face-to-face curriculum and learning
expectations.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Online Class
-Many of the students likes
to study online, due to less
Expenditure difference Online Class expensive and more
between online and - Allow students to attend convenient to them.
traditional class in Grade 12 classes from any location. -Many of this students are
students at ACLC Naga More affordable option. those who do not have
enough money to have the
- Students Traditional Class expenses in the school.
-Equipment - Doesn’t required internet
- Learning Environment and much recommendable to Traditional Class
- Costing the students. More expensive. - This students is will able to
concentrate harder in
studying.
-More expensive but more
learning’s.

Hypothesis

This study aims to get the following hypotheses by the end of the research:

Ho: There is a significant relationship between online and traditional classes setting in
terms of the expenditures of students.
Ha: There is no significant relationship between online and traditional classes setting
in terms of the expenditures of students.
Definition of Terms

For a better understanding of the study, the following terms are defined in the context
of this research.

Accommodate. In this study, this term provide lodging or adequate space for.

Budget. It refers to an estimate of income and expenditure for a specific time period.

Drastic. It is defined as radical and extreme; likely to have a strong or far-reaching

effect.

Expenditure. It refers to the act of spending money

Expenses. This term refers to the price of something; the money spent on something

Notable. It is defined as worthy of note or notice.

Reduction. It refers to the process of reducing the amount, degree, or size of a

particular thing.

Revenue. Is the total sum of money made by conducting business activities like sales.
It is sometimes referred to as sales on the income statement. It is known as the top line
since it appears first on any company’s income statement.

Routines. It refers to a set of actions that are performed on a regular basis; a fixed
program

Uproar. It refers to a passionate and loud noise or disturbance.

 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature (RRL)

This chapter presents the literature and studies which the researchers were able to
find. Most of these related, documents are published articles and researches related to
Expenditure between online and traditional class of senior high school at aclc-naga.

Since the emergence of on-line learning, there has been a dialogue on whether or
not online instructions are better than usual classes. At the moment many competing
schools of thinking are coming up with legitimate arguments for and towards both.
Online gaining knowledge of (often referred to as e-learning or far flung learning) is
any form of education that takes vicinity over the internet. Students attend online
classes, learn about on-line courses, or get worried in real-time interactions with
teachers and college students at the other end with the assist of a range of digital tools.
Students go through the curriculum at their own pace and can get right of entry to the
type from somewhere easily. Traditional education refers to the kind of training that
takes place in a study room where each instructor and college students are bodily
present. This standard classroom-based putting requires students to attend training in
man or woman and on campus of common educational institutions. It by and large
appeals to novices who pick face-to-face interplay or prefer to stay the actual college
experience. Counselors and professors are available for extra assistance and coaching
on campus. ( Raouna, 2022)
According to Raouna (2022). In on line classes, they have lower whole costs. Her
lookup indicates that distance greater reduces fees due to unique factors: Lack of
space and time limitations, convenient and fast get entry to to information, and use os
shareable content. Other elements are: Avoiding commuting costs, direction material (
like books ) provided at no cost, housing near the university. Lastly, college students
can use the alternate of massive open on line courses to reap credits. While in
common classes, there are additional costs. Traditional training requires extra charges
such as commuting to a faculty, accomodation fees, and classification equipment. On
pinnacle of what is already covered here, the workload that has to be completed by
college students remains comparable between common and on-line education. In
either format, there are exams, papers, presentations, and projects. Each of these
activities can also come with a cut-off date that learners have to meet while weekly
readings and path lectures floor in both shipping methods. However, every preference
is more appropriate for precise instances. Traditional training might be the fine for
anybody who wishes the entire social classroom experience. To revel in a extra bendy
option though, online education can also be more beneficial. Both online and
traditional training have their perks. So, it seems like there is a need to get the
exceptional of both worlds. “Blended learning” is a new type of learning that is
becoming an increasing number of popular. In blended studying environments,
students trip a combination of on line tutoring as nicely as offline, face-to-face
interactions.
Education Abroad (2022) stated that unlike in-person training methods, on line
education tends to be more affordable. There’s also frequently a wide range of fee
picks that let you pay in installments or per class. This approves for higher finances
management. Many of you may additionally additionally be difficulty to discounts or
scholarships, so the rate is rarely high. You can also retailer cash from the travel and
type materials, which are often on hand for free. Not solely that, however there are
additionally lots of scholarships reachable for on line studies these days. In different
words, the financial investment is less, however the results can be better than different
options.
According to Broadway Communication, college students can healthy them around
their present obligations and commitments, and can interact with multimedia content
material and mastering materials at some thing time is most convenient to them. Even
better: they don’t have to tour somewhere to study, they can truly log in to the virtual
campus from the relief of their personal home or office. There’s a 2d cause why on-
line getting to know has turn out to be so popular: it’s cheaper. Cost can frequently be
a prohibitive factor in why character college students don’t enrol in guides they’re
involved in. This is also an problem for firms who want to motivate their employees
to endure further education but don’t have a good deal of a budget for conferences
and training courses. Online guides are without problems accessible on a good deal
smaller budgets.

In addition to the comfort and the cost, a giant variety of college students are turning
to on line getting to know guides because they have turn out to be a better way to
learn. Those college students who are serious about improving their understanding,
mastering

Gautam ( 2020 ), she cited that one of the gain of on-line training is reduced financial
costs. Online education is far greater low priced as compared to physical learning.
This is because on line learning eliminates the cost factors of student transportation,
student meals, and most importantly, real estate. Additionally, all the route or find out
about materials are accessible online, consequently growing a paperless getting to
know environment which is more affordable, while also being recommended to the
environment.

Review of Related Studies (RRS)

According to Martin, Robert E. (July 2009), Some of the advantages of one form of
schooling over the different may additionally no longer be measurable in monetary
terms. While figuring out on between the prices of a diploma and first-class of
education, you prefer to suppose about some distinctive factors as well. Both gaining
know-how of approaches have pros and cons. Flexible scheduling is one of the
strongest blessings of an on line education, trainer makes use of interactive on line
classification tools—video lectures, videoconferencing, and small team discussions.
In contrary, face-to-face interplay might also moreover be the strongest achieve of a
common education. The father or mother actually displays the public’s perception that
“Price is a prior indicator of quality.”
According to Martin and Hill (2014) In effect, attention opposition turns into a race
to spend as a complete lot as feasible per student, thinking about the fact that
expenditure is a proxy for quality. Provides chances for university students to engage
with material in robust, thought-provoking ways, and social presence refers to
constructing a nearby of analyzing that consists of student-to-student interactions.
Moreover, teaching presence includes the complete aspect else the coach does—
structuring the course, offering lectures, explaining assignments, developing rehearsal
opportunities, imparting tests, grading, answering questions. The suited cost of an in-
person diploma comes from the a variety of prices households take in when shifting
their pupil from one environment to another. Traditional application capability you
will have to spend greater on shuttle or relocation, food and supplies. Several of these
fees do now now not showcase up in on-line guidance due to the fact the pupil is
already situated in an hooked up home environment.
Cost-benefit analysis, student experience, and student standard overall performance
are now being cautiously considered According to Lundberg et al. (2008) The scholar
can also pick to take an on line direction or a whole online-based diploma software
program as on line guides supply more bendy learn about hours; for example, a
student who has a job should attend the virtual class staring at educational movie and
streaming films of lectures after working hours. Contrary to famous beliefs, many on
line training applications have a tendency to be a lot extra price positive than in-
person learning. As such, on line classes are the most flexible preferences for college
students who are tight on rate vary and need a greater price fine ability to pursue on
line education. Perhaps the largest perk of online getting to know is the low cost.
Enrolling in an on-line software program potential you do no longer have to trip to
classification every day or even go to a extremely good nation to attend classes. By
placing off tour or transferring prices you robotically save a lot of cash on food,
books, and school supplies.
Online training as a viable of route shipping has proliferated in the last decade. Both
the extent of college students taking on line directions and the proportion of on line
classes of all lessons have increased than tripled

Synthesis of the state-of-the-art

Some sources used in related literature and studies for this research. Online
courses, according to Raouna (2022), have less expensive overall costs. Her research
reveals that greater distance lowers costs for a variety of reasons, including the lack of
space and time restrictions, easy access to knowledge, and utilization of sharing
content. Other factors include avoiding transportation costs, housing close to the
institution, and free or inexpensive instruction materials like books. Last but not least,
students have the option of enrolling in massive open online courses to earn credits.
There are additional fees for common classes. Traditional training entails additional
costs, such as travel to a faculty, lodging costs, and categorization tools. In addition to
what has already been mentioned, the amount of work that students must perform for
traditional and online education is equivalent. There are tests, articles, presentations,
and projects in both formats. In addition, each of these assignments may have a
deadline that students must meet. Weekly readings and course lectures are included in
both delivery methods. Similar to what Education Abroad (2022) mentioned, online
learning is frequently less expensive than traditional classroom instruction.
Additionally, there are typically many fee options that allow you to pay in
installments or per class. This permits better financial management. The rate is rarely
high because many of you may also have trouble with discounts or scholarships. The
travel and writing supplies, which are frequently available for free, might also be used
to store funds. Not only that, but there are also many scholarships available for online
study as well. In other words, the money outlay is lower, but the outcomes can be
superior to other possibilities. Students may fit them around their current
responsibilities and obligations, according to Broadway
 Communication, and can connect with multimedia content and learning materials
whenever it is most convenient for them. Reduced financial expenditures are one
benefit of online training, according to Gautam (2020). Online learning is far more
affordable than traditional classroom instruction. This is so because online education
doesn’t have to pay for student transportation, meals, or—most significantly—real
estate. Additionally, all of the travel or research materials are available online,
creating a paperless learning environment that is more cost-effective and
environmentally friendly. Martin claims that Robert E. (July 2009) Some of the
benefits of one type of education over another may also no longer be quantifiable in
monetary terms. When comparing the costs of a degree with first-class education, you
should also take into consideration some unique considerations. According to Martin
and Hill (2014), since spending is a stand-in for quality, the race to spend as much
money per student as possible effectively becomes the focus of attention competition.
Cost-benefit analysis, student experience, and student standard overall
performance are increasingly being cautiously taken into account, according to
Lundberg et al. (2008). There are advantage and disadvantages that they both
acknowledge in their sayings, nearly to a for those who want the full social classroom
experience, traditional education may be the best option. However, online learning
might also be more advantageous if you want a more flexible option. Online and
conventional training each have advantages. So it would appear that getting the best
of both worlds is necessary. A novel kind of education called “blended learning” is
gaining popularity. Students experience both offline, face-to-face interactions and
online instruction in blended learning environments. Gives college students the
chance to connect with the content in deep, thought-provoking ways, and social
presence is the act of creating a community of analysis made up of student-to-student
exchanges. Additionally, teaching presence encompasses everything else the coach
does, such as planning the course, providing lectures, outlining assignments, creating
opportunities for rehearsal, delivering examinations, grading, and responding to
queries. The appropriate cost of an In-person degree is determined by the various
expenses families incur while moving their student from one environment to another.
Traditional application capability will require you to pay more on transportation,
lodging, food, and supplies. Since the student is already seated in a connected home
environment, several of these fees no longer appear in online instruction.
 CHAPTER III

This chapter presents the method that was used by the researchers in this study. It
includes the following research design, research locale, research respondents,
sampling technique, research instrument, and statistical treatment.

Research Design

In research methodology, a research design serves as a detailed plan or framework

that outlines the steps and procedures to be followed in conducting a study. As noted
by Helen L Dulock (1993), the primary goal of research design is to provide a
blueprint that specifically addresses the research question or hypothesis while
controlling for variance.
In essence, research design is concerned with identifying potential sources of bias that
may impact the study's results and developing strategies to minimize or eliminate
them. By doing so, the researcher can ensure that the data collected is reliable, valid,
and free from extraneous influences.
One commonly used research design is the descriptive survey research design, which
is a quantitative method that involves collecting data from a sample of a population.
This design is characterized by its suitability in collecting quantifiable data for
statistical analysis and identifying features of a population, pointing out problems that
occur within a unit, a population, or an organization, or looking at variations in
practices and features between institutions.
For instance, in a study comparing traditional and online modes of education, a
descriptive research design can be used to identify the differences in expenditures and
cost-effectiveness between the two modes. The study can collect data from a sample
of students in both modes and use statistical techniques to analyze the data and draw
meaningful conclusions.

Research Locale

The study was conducted at J. Hernandez avenue at ACLC NAGA. ACLC NAGA is
a Senior High School education institute where students from grade 11-12 attend
classes about their designated strands and tracks.

Research Respondents
The subject of the study conposed of twenty (20) Respondents of grades 12 students
at ACLC-Naga.

Sampling Technique

The population of the study are the students to be represented by the selected ten(20)
Grade 12-ABM students of ACLC-NAGA enrolled for the academic year 2022-2023.
The researchers used random sampling method based on the goal and purpose of this
research. A process of selecting sample by taking subject that is not based on level or
area, but it is taken based on the specific purpose (Arikunto, 2010)
The student-respondents will purposely be chosen because the researcher believes
that through random sampling, these students could directly fill the purpose of this
study.

Research Instruments
In this study, the researchers will be using the questionnaire. Researchers determine
this as the efficient tool for them to collect the necessary data and students could also
easily understand and answer the questions that researchers prepared.
The questions are based on the statement of the problem. The questionnaire is
divided into 3 parts. The first part of the questionnaire is the combination of yes or no
which contains the most effective way of learning whether online or traditional
classes. The second part is a recognition type where they circle the correct answer that
corresponds to them. And the third part is a likert scale type, provides five possible
answers to a question that allows respondents to indicate their positive-to-negative
strength of agreement or strength of feeling regarding the question.

Statistical treatment of data

Statistics is a type of analysis wherein involves using different types of statistical tool
to analyze and understand the outcome of the data that is presented in a certain study.
The researchers will choose the statistical too below as it was seen fit to use.
To interpret the data effectively, the researchers will employ the following statistical
treatment: The percentage and the mean

Percentage. This will be used to identify the expenditures differences between online
and traditional classes. Frequency distribution is the portrayal of the numbers of
surveys within a given interval (young, 2019)

Mean. Represents the typical value and therefore serves as the main basis of all the
observation. It uses all values in the data set to give an average. According to the
American Statistical Association (ASA), "the mean, often referred to as the average,
is the arithmetic average of a set of numbers, which is computed by summing the
numbers and dividing by their count" (ASA, n.d.).

Data Gathering and Process

The researcher conducts the research in ACLC NAGA through face 2 face
survey. The
Research of the study used an face to face survey questioner in collecting the data.
The questioner is composed
Of questions that the researchers form related research and studies. A (20) Senior
High students, which are randomly chosen for face to face
survey in ACLC - Naga. The researchers constructed a questioner checklist. The
researcher clarifies some term to respondents so that the respondent can answer the
questioner with full knowledge of their responsibility as a subject of the study.