MOSCOW AVIATION INSTITUTE (NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY)

THERMODYNAMICS

Lecturer: assistant professor, Ezhov Alexey Dmitrievich

201 2B, ezzhov@gmail.com
 THERMODYNAMICS

LECTURE 1
Introduction. Basic concepts and definitions.
Thermodynamic system. Thermodynamic parameters.
Thermodynamic processes.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
Thermodynamics – is a science in which the storage, the transformation, and the transfer of
energy are studied.

Tasks for engineers:

Increase efficiency of different machine (engine, system, etc)

Thermodynamics used three major law for description of different phenomes:

- 1st law of TD (or law of energy conservation)
- 2nd law of TD ( or law of energy depreciation)
- 3rd law o TD ( or law of inexhaustibility of energy)

Energy - quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform

work on, or to heat, the object.

Energy is stored as:

- internal energy (associated with temperature),
- kinetic energy (due to motion),
- potential energy (due to elevation)
- chemical energy (due to chemical composition);

It is transformed from one of these forms to another; and it is transferred across a boundary
as either heat or work.
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL VOLUMES
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL VOLUMES
PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
 PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM

Molecular mass m1- the mass of an individual particle, (kg)

Relative Molecular Weight :

where m12C - mass of carbon isotope

Molar mass - is the mass of one mole

where mole-1 – Avogadro constant

PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
 PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM

Pressure - the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area
over which that force is distributed. (Pa)

- Technical atmosphere AT
- Physical atmosphere ATM
- Bar
- mmHg
- mmН2О

Pressure as exerted by particle collisions inside

a closed container
PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
 PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM

Temperature in Kelvin -
where t – temperature in Celsius

Temperature in Fahrenheit (f) -

 PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM

Density - substance is its mass per unit volume. (kg/m3)

If we divide an extensive property by the mass a specific property

results.
The specific volume is thus defined to be:
THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM; PROCESSES
THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM; PROCESSES