Caption Project Report (Embosis) 3

Construction of soak pit using locally available material
Contents
Ch. No. Topic Page No.
Acknowledgement
Content 1-2
Abstract 3
List of Tables 4
List of Figures 5
List of Symbols 6
List of Abbreviations 7
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 8-11

1.1 Introduction 8
1.1.1 Necessity 9
1.1.2 Applicability 9
1.1.3 Design consideration 10
1.1.4 Advantages 10
1.1.5 Limitations 10
1.1.6 Health aspects 11
1.2 Objectives of project 11
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 12-14

2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Brief history of management of waste water 12-14
Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY: MATHEMATICAL /

EXPERIMENTAL / STUDY TYPE 15-27
3.1 Construction procedure 15
3.2 Procedure 16
3.3 Design 17-20
3.3.1 Percolation test 17-19
3.3.2 Procedure of percolation test 19
3.3.3 Calculation 20
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D.K.T.E. Yashwantrao Chavan Polytechnic,
Chapter 4 CONCLUSIONS 28
FUTURE SCOPE 29
REFERENCES 30-31
List of Publications 32-36
Annexure A 37
Certificates 38-40
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Abstract
On an innovative drainage system, these projects are constructed. There are no

longer any mosquitoes or bad water at these project areas. The second objective of the
project is to stop spending cash on diseases spread by mosquitoes because their
incidence has declined. As an alternative to the plastic tank, an RCC tank as well as
rocks and brickbats were employed in this project.
A soak pit is an underground structure that reduces excess water by dumping it

into the earth where it combines with the local groundwater. An enclosed, porous
chamber called a soak pit enables water to gradually percolate into the ground. It
resembles a dry well in design. Under the action of gravity, water flows through it. A
dry well takes water through one or more entrance pipes or channels at its top and
releases the same water through several small exit apertures spread out over a wider
surface area on the well's side and bottom.
Many in rural and urban regions ask when the installation of soak pits will be
advantageous for them.
1. Using materials that are readily available in the area, we may build a soak pit.
2. The cost of building is minimal.
3. It can be built without taking up more space.
4. It is utilized in the absence of municipal drainage facilities.
5. It also contributes to raising ground water levels.
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List of Tables
Table No. Title of Table Page No.
Table 1.1 Percolation rate 19

Table 3.8.1 Cost of project 27
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List of Figures
Figure No. Title of Figure Page No.
Figure 3.3.1.1 Site cleaning 17

Figure 3.3.1.2 Layout and marking 17
Figure 3.3.1.3 Excavation 18
Figure 3.3.1.4 Detention period 18
Figure 3.4.1 Design of soak pit 19
Figure 3.5.1.1 PH test 21
Figure 3.5.2.1 Turbidity test 22
Figure 3.6.3.1 Plan and elevation 23
Figure 3.7.1 Layer of 40mm aggregate 24
Figure 3.7.2 Layer of 20mm aggregate 25
Figure 3.7.3 Layer of crush sand 25
Figure 3.7. Layer of fine sand 26
Figure 3.75 Layer of coal 26
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Symbols
English symbols
Symbol Description of Symbol

P Percolation rate
Greek symbols
Symbol Description of Symbol

M3/hrs. Meter cube per hour
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Abbreviations
Abbreviations Description of Abbreviations
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride
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Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
A soak pit is an underground structure that disposes of unwanted water, most

commonly storm water runoff, by disposing it into the ground, where it merges with the
local groundwater. Often called a soak away in the UK, a soak well in Australia and
known as a soak pit in India. A soak pit is a covered, porous-walled chamber that
allows water to slowly soak into the ground. It is a dry well type of a structure. Water
flows through it under the influence of gravity. A dry well receives water from one or
more entry pipes or channels at its top and discharges the same water through a number
of small exit openings distributed over a larger surface area in the side and bottom of
the dry well.
A soak pit, also known as a soak away or leach pit is a covered, porous-walled
chamber that allows water to slowly soak into the ground. Pre-settled effluent from a
Collection and Storage Centralized Treatment technology is discharged to the
underground chamber from which it infiltrates into the surrounding soil.
As wastewater (grey water or black water after primary treatment) percolates
through the soil from the soak pit, small particles are filtered out by the soil matrix and
organics are digested by microorganisms. Thus, soak pits are best suited for soil with
good absorptive properties; clay, hard packed or rocky soil is not appropriate.
If there is no intention or no need to reuse wastewater, collected storm water or
grey water, soak pits can offer a cost-efficient opportunity for a partial treatment of
waste- grey- or storm water from a primary treatment (e.g. septic tank, twin-pits for
pour-flush toilets, biogas settler, anaerobic baffled reactor, etc.) and a relatively safe
way of discharging it to the environment and therewith recharging groundwater bodies.
As wastewater (grey water or black water after primary treatment) percolates through
the soil from the soak pit, small particles are filtered out by the soil matrix and organics
are digested by microorganisms.
The wastewater effluent is absorbed by soil particles and moves both horizontally
and vertically through the soil pores. Sub-soil layers should therefore be water
permeable in order to avoid fast saturation. High daily volumes of discharged effluents
should be avoided. Thus, soak pits are best suited for soil with good absorptive
properties; clay, hard packed or rocky soil is not appropriate. Soak pits are used the
same way as leach fields, but require less space as well as less operation and
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maintenance. But they generally can also receive less influent and the groundwater
pollution may be higher than with leach fields.
1.1.1 Necessity of soak pit
The effluent discharged from the primary treatment unit (such as septic tank,
biogas settler, anaerobic baffled reactor, etc.) of a residential or commercial building is
not pure might contain toxic particles, so it cannot be directly discharged into the
environment.
Discharging of untreated effluent creates an unhygienic, foul odor environment
and the chance of inviting many diseases. So in order to prevent these, the effluent must
be treated to a certain degree then released into the ground. So it is necessary for a soak
pit construction that helps in the treatment process of discharged effluent and it also
helps in recharging the groundwater table.
The wastewater is also known as grey water that is obtained from the primary
treatment unit of the building such as septic tank, settler, twin-pit latrine, etc. which is
impure and thus cannot be allowed to percolate directly into the ground.
A certain degree of treatment must be provided to the collected wastewater before
it is allowed to settle. For such partial treatment, a soak pit is generally provided.
The wastewater infiltrated from the soak pit can be used for recharge of
groundwater.
1.1.2 Applicability of soak pit
A soak pit does not provide adequate treatment for raw wastewater and the pit
will quickly clog. It should be used for discharging pre-settled black water or grey
water.
Soak pits are appropriate for rural and pre-urban settlements. They depend on soil
with a sufficient absorptive capacity, whereas clay soils as well as hard packed or rocky
soils are not appropriate. They can be used in almost every temperature, although there
may be problems with pooling effluent in areas where the ground freezes. They are not
appropriate for areas prone to flooding or that has high groundwater tables and should
be constructed in a distance of at least 30 m from drinking water wells in order to
prevent cross-contamination.
Soak pits are appropriate for rural and semi-urban settlements. They depend on
soil with sufficient infiltration and absorptive capacity. In contrast, clay soils and hard-
packed or rocky soils are inappropriate. It can be used at almost every temperature,
although there may be problems in areas where the ground freezes. It is not appropriate
for areas prone to flooding or that have high groundwater tables. These pits should be
constructed at a distance of at least 30 m from drinking water wells to prevent cross-
contamination.
As an alternative, it can be used as subsurface irrigation or surface trench
irrigation of trees. Besides the advantage of providing water and nutrients for tree
growth, this reuse is also a way of reducing the volume of effluent.
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1.1.3 Design consideration
i. The design of a typical soak pit generally consists of a pit of approximately 1

cubic meter with a depth of 1.5m to 4m.
ii. It must not be constructed nearby a drinking water source as it can pose
contamination of the drinking water source.
iii. It must be constructed at least 30m away from a drinking water source.
iv. It must be noted that the soak pit is not constructed in an area subjected to a high
volume of traffic as it may cause compaction of the pit.
v. A thin layer of sand and gravel may be provided at the bottom of the pit to
disperse the flow of wastewater.
vi. A lid preferably a concrete lid must be constructed to cover the soak pit.
1.1.4 Advantages
i. Construction of soak pit is possible with locally available materials.
ii. Easy to construct and operate, anyone can adopt this technique.
iii. The installation area requirement is small.
iv. It helps in recharging the groundwater table.
v. The soak pit technique is power conservative and sustainable.
vi. Soak pit reduces the bacterial health issues, reduces the smell of waste water and
also reduces the mosquitoes and make the area free from mosquitoes.
1.1.5 Limitations
i. The design of soak pit may be change on the rate of percolation of water of the
soil of that site.
ii. The soak pit is only suitable in sandy soil or the soil which has high absorption
property.
iii. The soak pit should be away from drinking water source.
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1.1.6 Health Aspects
As long as the soak pit is not used for raw sewage, and as long as the previous
Collection and Storage treatment technology is functioning well, health concerns are
minimal. The technology is located underground and, thus, humans and animals should
have no contact with the effluent. Since the soak pit is odorless and not visible, it should
be accepted by even the most sensitive communities.
An adequately designed soak pit can last for 3 to 5 years without maintenance.
Maintenance involves excavation, cleaning, washing, reclaiming the material, or
replacing new gravel, rock, and sand. Particles and biomass will eventually clog the pit,
and it will need to be cleaned or moved. Its lifespan can be increased by filtering the
influent to prevent the accumulation of solids. An important consideration should be
given at the construction time that the soak pit should be kept away from high-traffic
areas so the soil above and around it is not compacted because it will hinder the
infiltration.
The risk of exposure is relatively high during pit maintenance or after collecting
and conveying the pit contents. This needs to be taken into consideration while
cleaning. There are also possibilities of the malfunction of the soak pit if the
surrounding soil gets saturated. This may result in back-flow of the effluent to the
surface exposing the users and community members to the wastewater. Suppose these
pits are constructed in an area with a high water table. In that case, the effluent will pass
through the soil matrix without being sufficiently processed by biomass and
contaminate groundwater.
Although this pit is located underground, humans and animals do not have
contact with the effluent. However, as stated previously, a soak pit may cause
microbiological contamination of groundwater and poses an immediate exposure risk
due to poor maintenance, siting, and emptying.
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Chapter 2
Literature Review
Brief history of management of waste water
Pradip V. Kulkarni et al. published paper on “Soak Pit - The Best Solution
for Water Conservation in Draught Prone Villages”. According to HSBC, among
the world’s leading industrial and emerging economies, India is the most vulnerable to
future water stress. In 1951, the per capita water availability was 5177 m3. This has
now reduced to 1545 m3 in 2011p. This paper proposes and explores advantages of
applying remote sensing technologies such as GIS for the delineation of Kargaon
village and suggesting the intervention which will recharge ground water table.
Considering the hydrological features of a small village Kargaon, admeasuring
1115 Ha situated in Belgaum District, Karnataka, the structure for water conservation
had been implemented in it in March 2019. The structures included 10 soak pits
provided on downstream of water cistern provided at different locations. These
interventions proved to be the best measures of water conservation and have good
impact on ground water recharge.
Siddhesh Wagh et al. published paper on “Construction of Magic Soak Pit

with Locally Available Materials and Economical Design”. It’s a project based on
smart drainage system with ground water discharge. These project areas become
mosquito free and also of bad water. Second purpose of this project is there is no
wastage of money on viruses by mosquito because it is reduced. In this project
materials used are boulder, burnt brick bats, RCC tank replaced by plastic tank.
In this paper they focused on to implement the Magic Soak Pit through the
various schemes of government of Maharashtra like Jalshivar Yojana, Jalswrajya
Prakalpa, Bharat Swachatta Abhiyaan (Govt of India) etc. We can implement for
individual house in rural areas disposing waste water. They found that this methods of
disposing the waste water in rural areas is effective and gives good result of disposing,
recharging ground water table, reducing chances of various decease like zika, cholera
etc.
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Prasenjit Mondal. et al. published paper on “Impact of Soak Table Pit on

Groundwater” A soak pit is essentially a hole designed with the purpose of allowing
this excess waste water to infiltrate into the ground. These are used for the discharge of
domestic and industrial waste water. Groundwater is one of the most precious natural
resource that needs to be protected from deterioration. Seepage of industrial and
extensive pumping has caused serious qualitative and quantitative problems in the
aquifer. The final effluents from the industry can't be sent to the recycle or reuse
purpose neither they can be discharged to open atmosphere and hence are discharged in
a confined and more isolated place from the atmosphere like in soak pits advantage
being they even act as filtration mediums.
At some places, where there are no wastes drains, industrial effluents are
discharged directly into the groundwater, through an excavation i n the soil serving as a
soak pit, causing direct pollution of groundwater. The effluent water percolates into the
surrounding soil. An industrial effluent with high Cr6+ and CN- has spread vertically2
and laterally and contaminate the groundwater, which is the major source of domestic
water supply.
C.R. Vinay Kumar et. al. has worked on An Investigation on Development of

Smart Village. The vision of smart village is that modern energy access can act as
catalyst for development in education, health, productive, enterprise, clean water,
sanitation, environmental sustainability and participatory democracy which helps to
support further improvement in access to energy.
In Smart Villages access to sustainable energy services acts as a catalyst for
development the provision of good education and healthcare, access to clean water,
sanitation and nutrition, the growth of productive enterprises to boost incomes, and
enhanced security, gender equality and democratic engagement.
Akshay Matwadkar et. al. have reviewed on A Study on Disposal of Domestic

Wastewater by Magic Soak Pit Method in Rural Areas: The waste water from
houses like water used for bathing, washing clothes and utensils is disposed in gutters
and on open land in rural areas. Such water creates unhygienic condition in nearest
areas. Also villages have lack of drainage system. Such disposal creates nuisance of
mosquito to the people and also various diseases rises.
The study is about disposal of domestic wastewater without creating unhygienic
condition at domestic level. The study uses the method of magic soak pit for disposal of
wastewater. The study identifies that the magic soak pit method is unhygienic and safe
to dispose the wastewater. The method used is not only disposes the wastewater but
also increases the ground water level.
Atharva Jadhav et. al. have published a paper on To Study The Soak Pit and
Bring a New View For Future Modification: Waste water is a general term used to
represent the water with poor quality that contains more amounts of pollutants and
microbes. If wastewater is discharged into the nearby water bodies, it can cause serious
environmental and health problems to human beings Wastewater treatment is an
important measure to reduce the pollutant and other contaminants present in
wastewater. The first step in wastewater treatment method is primary treatment which
removes the solids, oil, and grease from wastewater. Secondary treatment or biological
treatment is the second step, which exploits microorganisms to eliminate the chemicals
present in wastewater.
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Final step is the tertiary treatment; which eliminates the microbes from
wastewater before discharging into the river. here is no intention or no need to reuse of
waste water, collected storm water or gray water, soak pits can offer cost efficient
opportunity for a partial treatment of waste gray or storm water from a primary
treatment and relatively safe way of discharging it to the environment and there with
recharging ground water bodies. As waste water percolates through the soil from the
soak pit, small particles are filtered out by the matrix and organics are designed by
microorganisms.
The waste water effluents is absorbed by soil particles and moves both
horizontally and vertically through the soil pores sub-soil layers should be water
permeable in order to avoid fast saturation. High daily volumes of discharged effluents
should be avoided. Thus, soak pits are best led for soil with good absorptive properties,
clay, and hard packed or rocky soil is not appropriate. Souk pit we used the same way
as leach fields, but require less space as well as less operation and maintenance. But bye
generally can also receive less effluent and the ground water.
K Nagaraju et. al. has reviewed on An Investigation on Development of

Smart Village. The vision of smart village is that modern energy access can act as
catalyst for development in education, health, productive, enterprise, clean water,
sanitation, environmental sustainability and participatory democracy which helps to
support further improvement in access to energy. In Smart Villages access to
sustainable energy services acts as a catalyst for development the provision of good
education and healthcare, access to clean water, sanitation and nutrition, the growth of
productive enterprises to boost incomes, and enhanced security, gender equality and
democratic engagement.
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Chapter 3
Methodology
3.1 Construction procedure of soak pit
Site inspection
Excavation
Testing of soil
Design & calculation
Excavation & material filling
Waste water test
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Connection of inlet & outlet
3.2 procedure of soak pit
1. First check the limitation of soak pit which the soak pit should 30 m away from
other water sources like bore well, streams, wells, rivers etc.
2. Determine the location of soak pit by considering limitation.
3. Take the percolation test of the soil of the chosen site to determine the size of
soak pit.
4. Then design the soak pit as per calculation and determine the filter media and its
volume.
5. Select the types of filter according to the type of waste water.
6. Collect the required material for soak pit and check the quality of materials for
better results and less maintenance.
7. Excavate a pit according to the designed size and fill the filter media which is
selected according to various purposes.
8. Place the RCC pipe which one side means bottom of pipe is should be packed
on the upper layer of filter media.
9. Make some holes to the pipe above the center of height of pipe which allows the
waste water towards the filtration purpose.
10. To provide the mesh for the side holes of the RCC pipe take the turbidity test of
waste water which determine the size of mesh according to the turbidity of
waste water.
11. Then fill the remained trench by brunt brick bats.
12. For connection of out let of waste water to the inlet of soak pit the material of
pipe is determined on the basis of quality of water.
13. To check the quality of water take the PH test of waste water then select the
material of pipe.
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3.3 Design of soak pit
3.3.1 Percolation test of soil
First we take the percolation test of soil to determine the percolation rate of soil as per
follwing procedure.
1. Site cleaning
First we cleared the site by removing some garbages, plants, grass etc.& made the site
suitable for lay out for marking.
Figure no 3.3.1.1 Site cleaning
2. Lay out and marking
For percolation test we make lay out and made marking which is required for the
accuracy in excavation and for proper excavation requierd for percolation test.
We made marking of pit for percolation test of 1m x 1m x 1m.
We selected the 1 m^3 of pit to measure the rate of percolation in per m^3.
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Figure no 3.3.1.2 Lay out and marking
3. Excavation of percolaton pit
We excavated the percolation test pit by mechanically using JCB.

The size of excavated pit is 1m x 1m x 1m.
Figure no 3.3.1.3 Excavation
4. Filling the water in percolation pit to wet the soil and to get the percolation rate.
First we filled the water in it up to hight of 300mm and kept it for 24hrs. which provide
the moisture and gives the accurate rate of percolation wrt working condition of soak
pit.
Figure no 3.3.1.4 Detention period for 24 hrs.
5. Final test of soil
We take the final test of percolation rate of soil after detention period of 24 hrs.which is
necessity for deisgn of soak pit.
First we filled the the water up to height of 300mm then we measured the rate of
percolation. We take reading after 60 min of decreased level of water in mm.
Figure no.3.3.1.5
3.3.2 Procedure of percolation test
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i. First we excavated a pit of size 1m x 1m x 1m (lxbxh) where the site selected

for construction of soak pit.
ii. We filled the pit by water up to 300 mm of depth and kept it for 24 hrs.
iii. After 24 hrs. we again filled the pit up to height of 300 mm and obsereved after
every 60 min the height of water level is decreasing by 20 to 25 mm.
iv. We repeated this process 3 times and finally calculated the average.
Table no. 3.3.2.1
Sr.n Detention period in min Depth in mm

o
1 60 (p1) 25
2 60 (p2) 23
3 60 (p3) 25
3.3.3 Calculation
Percolation rate per hrs. = (p1+p2+p3)/3

= (25+23+25)/3
= 24.33
= 25mm per m^3/hr.
Percolation rate per day = 25 x 24

= 600mm per m^3/day
3.3.4 Conversion of percolation rate in mm to liter
i. Volume of 1 litre water is 0.001 cubic meter.

ii. 1 mm is equal to 0.001m.
iii. The volume of size 1m x 1m x0.001m is 0.001 cubic meter.
iv. Hence if the depth of water is decreased by 1 mm then we can say 1 litre water
is percolated or decreased.
v. It means we can say 600 mm percolation rate is 600 litre of water.
Therefore,
the percolation rate of soil is 600 litre per m^3 per day.
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3.4 Calculation of design of soak pit
Figure no. 3.4.1
Percolation rate of soil is 25 litre per m^3 per hrs.

Percolation rate of soil in one day is 600 litre per m^3 per day.
Per person waste water is 200 litre per day.
No of family = 1
No of person in one family = 4+4
=8
Total quantity of waste water = 200 x 8

= 1600 litre per day
Volume of filter media = total quantity of waste water / percolation rate of soil per day
= 1600/600
= 2.66 m^3
The height is assumed 1.5m

The surface area of soak pit = volume of filter media /height
= 2.66/1.5
= 1.7
To find the size of soak pit (square) = 1.7

= 1.2
Therefore,
The size of soak pit is 1.2m x 1.2m x 1.5m (l x b x h)
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3.5 PH taste of waste water.
We take the PH test of water to determine the waste water is alkali or alkaline.
3.5.1 Procedure of PH test
i. We used the equipent Digital PH Meter Model EQ 610 to take the PH test of
waste water.
ii. First we kept the electrode in distilled water for 24 hrs. to activate the electrode.
iii. After 24 hrs. we again deeped the electrode in neutral water to check the reading
of equipment.
iv. We inserted the electrode in waste water and wait for some time until the
reading become steady & recorded the result.
Fig no 3.5.1.1
3.5.2 Result
The ph value of waste water is 3.97 then is acidic water so we can not use the
cast iron pipe hence we selected the PVC pipe to connect the outlet of waste water to
inlet of soak pit.
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3.6. Turbidity test of waste water.
We take the turbidity test of waste water to determine the size of mesh which is being
used to avoid the flow of solid particles into the soak pit.
3.6.1 procedure of turbidity test.
We used the equipment Digital turbimeter model EQ 811 to take the turbidity test of
waste water.
First we used the distilled water to set the reading at zero.
Then we repalced the distilled water by waste water sample and wait until the reading is
to be steady.
Figure no 3.5.2.1
3.6.2 Result
The turbidity of water is 100.8 which is high hence we used the the mesh of
1 mm size to the outlet of storage pipe of soak pit.
3.6.3 Plan and elevation of designed soak pit

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Figure no 3.6.3.1
3.6.4 The depth of layers of filter media.
Layer of gravells or 40mm agregate is 150mm

Layer of aggrerate of 20mm is 100mm
Layer of crush sand is 100mm
Layer of fine sand is 100mm
Layer of wooden coal is 50m
3.6.5 Specfication of filter media.
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i. Gravels (150mm deep) - It gives foundational support to soak pit & helps to
disperse the flow of water.
ii. Aggregate (100mm deep) - It has ability to hold sediment and impurities of
water.
iii. Crusher (100mm deep) - It helps to absorb oil from waste water.
iv. Wooden charcoal (50mm deep) - It absorb the toxic and harmful gases and the
quality of water.
v. Fine sand (100mm deep) – It helps to hold solid particles and organic matter.
3.7. Estimate of project of soak pit designed for 8 person.
Quantity of material required for project and cost of material required.
Rate of 40mm aggregate per brass = 2500 rs.

Rate of 20mm aggregate per brass = 2500 rs.
Rate of crush sand per brass = 3400 rs.
Rate of fine sand per brass = 3100 rs.
Rate of coal per kg = 20 rs.
1 cubic meter = 2.831 brass
1 cubic meter = 304 kg
I. Quantity of 40mm aggregate:
Size of soak pit = 1.2m x 1.2m x 1.5m

Depth of layer of aggregate = 150mm.
Figure no. 3.7.1 layer of 40mm aggregate

Calculation:
i. Volume of material required = 1.2 x 1.2 x 0.150

= 0.216 cum.
ii. Quantity of aggregate = 0.216/2.831
= 0.0763 brass
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iii. Cost of 0.0763 = 0.0763 x 2500

= 190.75 rs.
II. Quantity of 20mm aggregate:
Depth of layer of aggregate = 100mm

Volume of material requird = 1.2 x 1.2 x 0.1
= 0.144 cum.
Calculation:
i. Quantity of aggregate = 0.144/2.831

= 0.051 brass
ii. Cost of 20mm aggregate = 0.051 x 2500

= 127.5 rs.
Figure no 3.7.3 layer of 20 mm aggregate
III. Quantity of crush sand:
Depth of layer of crush sand = 100mm

= 0.144 cum.
Figure no 3.7.3 layer of crush sand.
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Calculation:
i. Quantity of required crush sand = 0.144/2.831

= 0.051 brass
ii. Cost of crush sand = 0.051 x 3400 = 173.4 rs.
IV. Quantity of fine sand:
Depth of layer of fine sand = 100mm

= 0.144 cum.
Calculation:
i. Quantity of fine sand = 0.144/2.831

= 0.051 brass
ii. Cost of fine sand = 0.051 x 2500

= 127.5 rs.
Figure no 3.7.4 layer of fine sand
V. Quantity of coal
Depth of layer of wooden coal = 50mm

= 0.072 cum.
Figure no. 3.7.5 layer of coal
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Calculation:
i. Quantity of coal = 0.072 x 304

=15.50 kg
ii. Cost of coal = 15.50 x 20
= 310 rs.
VI. Total cost of project
Cost of RCC pipe = 950 rs

Cost of RCC lead = 150 rs
Cost of gravells = 200 rs
Cost of aggregate = 180 rs
Cost of crush sand = 180 rs
Cost of fine sand = 150 rs
Cost of coal = 310 rs
Excavation charges = 300 rs
Cost of 2 mm mesh = 100 rs
Cost of pvc pipe and joint material = 550 rs
Transportation cost = 200 rs
Total expenditure on project = 950 + 150 + 200 +180 + 180 + 180 + 150 + 310 + 300 +
100 + 550 + 200
= 3270 rs
By considerig any up down in cost of material or charges.

Hence,
The cost of project is 3500 rs.
3.8 The cost of project as per no of persons
Table no 3.8.1 cost of project
Sr no No of persons Size of the soak pit required Total expenditure on project

( Rs )
1 4 1m x 1m x 1.5m 2500
2 6 1.1m x 1m x 1.5m 3000
3 8 1.2m x 1.2m x 1.5m 3500
4 10 1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m 4000
5 12 1.6m x 1.6m x 2m 4500
6 14 1.8m x 1.8m x 2m 5500
7 16 1.8m x 1.8m x 2m 6000
8 18 1.9m x 1.9m x2m 6500
9 20 2m x 2m x 2m 7000
10 22 2m x 2m x 2.5m 7500
11 24 2.1m x 2.1m x 2.5 8000
12 26 2.2m x 2.1m x 2.5 8500
27 Ichalkaranji
Chapter 4
Conclusions
1. This type of soak pit reduces the cost of construction by using local material.
2. The performance of soak pit is improved by providing the various layers of
natural filters.
3. This method reduces the maintenance of soak pit. Hence it increases the life of
the soak pit.
4. The quality of water is also improved by the absorbing harmful gaseous or
chlorine content of waste water.
28 Ichalkaranji
Future Scope
1. At the initiate stage we have considered only a single family and studied
different parameters of pit.
2. Same process we can adopt for big pit where the discharge of waste water is
more only size of pit will increase other process and material will same.
3. In draught prone areas this method can help to reduce the shortage of water by
increasing ground water level so we can use it only for one purpose.
29 Ichalkaranji
R eferences
i. Pradip V. Kulkarni et al. [1] published paper on “Soak Pit - The Best Solution
for Water Conservation in Draught Prone Villages”.
ii. Siddhesh Wagh et al. [2] published paper on “Construction of Magic Soak Pit
with Locally Available Materials and Economical Design”.
iii. Prasenjit Mondal. et al. [3] published paper on “Impact of Soak Table Pit on
Groundwater”.
iv. C.R. Vinay Kumar et. al. [4] published paper on An Investigation on
Development of Smart Village.
v. Akshay Matwadkar et.al. [5] published paper on A Study on Disposal of

Domestic Wastewater by Magic Soak Pit Method in Rural Areas.
vi. Atharva Jadhav et. al. has published a paper on To Study The Soak Pit and
Bring a New View For Future Modification.
vii. K Nagaraju et. al has reviewed on An Investigation on Development of Smart

Village.
viii. Oxfam (2008). Septic Tank Guidelines. Technical Brief. Oxfam GB, Oxford,
UK. p. 4. Available at: policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk
ix. Polprasert, C. and Rajput, V. S. (1982). Environmental Sanitation Reviews.

Septic Tank and Septic Systems. Environmental Sanitation Information Center,
AIT, Bangkok, TH. pp. 31-58
x. Ahrens, B. (2005). A Comparison of Wash Area and Soak Pit Construction: The
Changing Nature of Urban, Rural, and Peri-Urban Linkages in Sikasso, Mali.
Peace Corps, US. Available at: www.mtu.edu/peacecorps/programs/civil/ theses
(Detailed construction instruction
xi. Barney, G. O. (1983). 2 -Environment Projections. The Summary Report. G. O.

Barney, Pergamon: 49-271.
30 Ichalkaranji
xii. Bellarby, J. (2009). Chapter Sand Control. Developments in Petroleum Science.

B. Jonathan, Elsevier. Volume 56: 129-239.
xiii. Herbold, R. F. (2003). Chapter 5 - Construction. Field Guide to Appropriate

Technology. B. Hazeltine and C. Bull. San Diego, Academic Press: 545-607
xiv. Jefferson, I., C. Rogers, et al.(2005). Chapter 25 Treatment of metastable loess

soils: Lessons from Eastern Europe. Elsevier Geo-Engineering Book Series. I.
Buddhima and C. Jian, Elsevier.
31 Ichalkaranji
List of Publications
We used following research paper and review paper to get required information
for project.
i. Pradip V. Kulkarni et al. published paper on “Soak Pit - The Best Solution for
Water Conservation in Draught Prone Villages”.
ii. Siddhesh Wagh et al. published paper on “Construction of Magic Soak Pit with
Locally Available Materials and Economical Design”.
iii. Prasenjit Mondal. et al. published paper on “Impact of Soak Table Pit on
Groundwater”.
iv. C.R. Vinay Kumar et. al. published paper on An Investigation on Development
of Smart Village.
v. Akshay Matwadkar et.al. published paper on A Study on Disposal of Domestic

Wastewater by Magic Soak Pit Method in Rural Areas.
We also published a paper on the “Building a Soak Pit Using Locally Accessible
Material”.
(Journal of Geotechnical Studies, Volume -8, Issue -1) e-ISSN: 2581-9763
32 Ichalkaranji
33 Ichalkaranji
34 Ichalkaranji
35 Ichalkaranji
36 Ichalkaranji
Annexure A
Site visit Before management of waste water
Turbidity test RCC pipie
Connection of PVC pipe RCC lead
37 Ichalkaranji
Certificates
38 Ichalkaranji
39 Ichalkaranji
40 Ichalkaranji

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Construction of soak pit using locally available material

Ch. No. Topic Page No.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 8-11

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 12-14

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY: MATHEMATICAL /

On an innovative drainage system, these projects are constructed. There are no

A soak pit is an underground structure that reduces excess water by dumping it

Table No. Title of Table Page No.

Table 1.1 Percolation rate 19

Figure No. Title of Figure Page No.

Figure 3.3.1.1 Site cleaning 17

Symbol Description of Symbol

Symbol Description of Symbol

Abbreviations Description of Abbreviations

RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

A soak pit is an underground structure that disposes of unwanted water, most

pollution may be higher than with leach fields.

1.1.1 Necessity of soak pit

1.1.2 Applicability of soak pit

1.1.3 Design consideration

i. The design of a typical soak pit generally consists of a pit of approximately 1

i. Construction of soak pit is possible with locally available materials.

iii. The installation area requirement is small.

iv. It helps in recharging the groundwater table.

v. The soak pit technique is power conservative and sustainable.

1.1.6 Health Aspects

Brief history of management of waste water

Siddhesh Wagh et al. published paper on “Construction of Magic Soak Pit

Prasenjit Mondal. et al. published paper on “Impact of Soak Table Pit on

C.R. Vinay Kumar et. al. has worked on An Investigation on Development of

Akshay Matwadkar et. al. have reviewed on A Study on Disposal of Domestic

K Nagaraju et. al. has reviewed on An Investigation on Development of

3.1 Construction procedure of soak pit

Design & calculation

Excavation & material filling

Waste water test

Connection of inlet & outlet

3.2 procedure of soak pit

3.3 Design of soak pit

3.3.1 Percolation test of soil

Figure no 3.3.1.1 Site cleaning

2. Lay out and marking

Figure no 3.3.1.2 Lay out and marking

3. Excavation of percolaton pit

We excavated the percolation test pit by mechanically using JCB.

Figure no 3.3.1.3 Excavation

Figure no 3.3.1.4 Detention period for 24 hrs.

5. Final test of soil

3.3.2 Procedure of percolation test

i. First we excavated a pit of size 1m x 1m x 1m (lxbxh) where the site selected

Table no. 3.3.2.1

Sr.n Detention period in min Depth in mm

Percolation rate per hrs. = (p1+p2+p3)/3

Percolation rate per day = 25 x 24

3.3.4 Conversion of percolation rate in mm to liter

i. Volume of 1 litre water is 0.001 cubic meter.

3.4 Calculation of design of soak pit