Homework 5.

2| Empirical and Molecular Formula

I. Determine the % composition of all elements in these

compounds.

1. Ammonium sulfite Individual Mass of Percent

Chemical Formula:
_______________(NH4)2SO3
Molar Mass:
_______________116.1
g/mol
2. Copper (II) hydroxide
Chemical Formula:
_______________Cu(OH)2
Molar Mass:
_______________97.6 g/mol
Elements Composition
Mass of N: ________28 g
Mass of H: ________ 8 g % of N: ________21.1%
Mass of S: ________ 32.1 % of H: ________ 6.9%
g
Mass of O: ________48 g % of S: ________ 27.6%
% of O: ________41.3%
Mass of Cu: ________63.6 % of Cu: ________65.2%
g % of O: ________ 32.8%
Mass of O: ________ 32 g
% of H: ________ 2%
Mass of H: ________ 2 g

3. Iron (III) phosphate Mass of Fe: ________55.9 % of Fe: ________37%

g
Chemical Formula:
Mass of P: ________ 31 g % of P: ________ 20.5%
_______________FePO4 Mass of O: ________ 64 g
Molar Mass: % of O: ________ 42.4%
_______________150.9
g/mol
4. Aluminum acetate
% of Al: ________13.2%
Chemical Formula: Mass of Al: ________27 g
% of C: ________ 35.3%
Mass of C: ________ 72 g
_______________Al(C2H3O2)3
% of H: ________ 4.4%
Mass of H: ________ 9 g
Molar Mass: Mass of O: ________96 g
% of O: ________47.1%
_______________204 g/mol

II. Find the empirical formula for each of the following substances.
1. Calculate the empirical formula of a compound having 40.0%
carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, 53.3% oxygen.

Given:
Percent Composition:
- Carbon (C): 40% o
Molar Mass: 12 g
- Hydrogen (H): 6.7% o
Molar Mass: 1 g
- Oxygen (O): 53.3% o
Molar Mass: 16 g

Solution:
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶
40𝑔 𝐶 • 12 𝑔 𝐶 = = 1
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻
6.7𝑔 𝐻 • 1 𝑔 𝐻 = = 2
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂
53.3𝑔 𝑂 • 16 𝑔 𝑂 = = 1

Final Answer: CH2O

2. What is the empirical formula of a compound consisting of 56.4%

potassium, 8.7% carbon, 34.9% oxygen?

Given:
Percent Composition:
- Potassium (K): 56.4% o
Molar Mass: 31 g
- Carbon (C): 8.7% o
Molar Mass: 12 g
- Oxygen (O): 34.9% o
Molar Mass: 16 g

Solution:
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
56.4𝑔 𝐾 • 39 𝑔 𝐾 = = 2
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶
 8.7𝑔 𝐶 • 12 𝑔 𝐶 = = 1
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂
34.9𝑔 𝑂 • 16 𝑔 𝑂 = = 3

Final Answer: K2CO3

3. The percent composition of an unknown substance is 10.04 %

carbon, 0.84% hydrogen, 89.12% chlorine and a molar mass of
357.6. What is the empirical and molecular formula of this
compound?

Empirical Formula:
Given:
Percent Composition:
- Carbon (C): 10.04% o
Molar Mass: 12 g
- Hydrogen (H): 0.84% o
Molar Mass: 1 g
- Chlorine (Cl): 89.12% o
Molar Mass: 35.5 g

Solution #1:
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶
10.04𝑔 𝐶 • 12 𝑔 𝐶 = = 1
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻
0.84𝑔 𝐻 • 1 𝑔 𝐻 = = 1
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑙
89.12𝑔 𝐶𝑙 • 35.5𝑔 𝐶𝑙 = = 3

Answer: CHCl3

Molecular Formula:
Given:
Molar Mass of Molecular Formula: 357.6 g/mol
Molar Mass of Empirical Formula: 119.5 g/mol

Solution #2:
357.6 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

119 .5 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 3
𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 (𝐶): 1 • 3 = 3
𝐻𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 (𝐻): 1 • 3 = 3
𝐶ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 (𝐶𝑙): 3 • 3 = 9

Answer: C3H3Cl9

Final Answer:
Empirical Formula: CHCl3
Molecular Formula: C3H3Cl9