PATIENT SAFETY TO PREVENT

BAD ULCERS
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1-introduction 

2-ABSTRACT 

3-BACKGROUND TO REVIEW and CLINICAL QUESTION 

4-SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 

5-INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA 

-CRITERIA FOR INCLUDING STUDIES IN THE REVIEW 

-CRITERIA FOR EXCLUDING STUDIES NOT COVERED IN 

INCLUSION CRITERIA
6-SEARCH METHODS: INFORMATION SOURCES 

7-METHODS OF REVIEW 

8-RESULTS (SUMMARY OF THE STUDIES) 

9-CRITICAL APPRAISAL 

10-CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 

11-Refernces 
 INTRODUCTION
The development of bad ulcers, such as pressure 
ulcers, is multifactorial and can be attributed to
various causes and risk factors.
Understanding and addressing these factors are
crucial in preventing ulcer formation. Here are
the key causes and risk factors associated with
the development of bad ulcers:
ABSTRACT
This abstract emphasizes the significance of 
comprehensive patient safety measures in
reducing the occurrence of debilitating ulcers and
enhancing patient outcomes
BACKGROUND TO REVIEW AND
CLINICAL QUESTION

The
development
of bad ulcers,
such as
pressure
ulcers, is
multifactorial

can be
attributed to
various causes
and risk
factors.
 CLINICAL QUESTION

What are the risk factors associated with the •

development of severe pressure ulcers in hospitalized
1 patients?

What are the optimal skin care protocols for •

2 preventing the occurrence of severe pressure ulcers?

What are the recommended strategies for •

repositioning and mobilization to reduce the risk
3 of severe pressure ulcers?
INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA

study designs
(RCT’s, Cross- All units
English sectional,
qualitative patients
studies)
PICOT
CRITERIA FOR EXCLUDING STUDIES NOT
COVERED IN INCLUSION CRITERIA

Date Range: No specific

date range restrictions
will be applied

Population: Studies focused

on populations other than
hospitalized patients at risk of
developing severe pressure
ulcers (

Language: Studies
published in languages
other than English will be
excluded.
SEARCH METHODS: INFORMATION
SOURCES

Key terms
Patient
Number of
safety, electronic included Number of
Pressure databases studies in studies
ulcers, PubMed/ME the found
Bedsores, DLINE Systematic hundreds
Decubitus Review 11
ulcers
METHODS OF REVIEW
RESULTS (SUMMARY OF THE
STUDIES)
Authors/ Title of the Objectives Research Study
Year Article Design Results
National Pressure Prevention and This clinical
Ulcer Advisory
To provide Clinical practice guideline
treatment of evidence-based
Panel, European
pressure ulcers: recommendations
practice provides
Pressure Ulcer
Advisory Panel, & Clinical practice for the prevention guideline evidence-based
recommendations
Pan Pacific guideline and treatment of for the prevention
Pressure Injury pressure ulcers and treatment of
Alliance (2019) pressure ulcers.

Moore, Z., & Risk assessment To evaluate the Systematic The systematic
Cowman, S. tools for the effectiveness of review (Cochrane review evaluates
(2012) prevention of risk assessment Database of the effectiveness
pressure ulcers tools in Systematic of risk assessment
preventing Reviews) tools in
pressure ulcers preventing
pressure ulcers.
Padula, W. V., The association To examine the Retrospective The retrospective
Delarmente, B. between hospital association cohort study cohort study
A., & The, N. nurse staffing and between hospital examines the
(2015) preventable nurse staffing association between
hospital nurse
patient and preventable
staffing and
complications patient
preventable patient
complications complications
Brem, H., Maggi, High cost of stage To determine the Retrospective The retrospective
J., Nierman, D., IV pressure ulcers economic impact analysis of analysis of
Rolnitzky, L., Bell, of stage IV healthcare healthcare
D., Rennert, R., & pressure ulcers utilization data utilization data
Golinko, M. (2010) investigates the
high cost associated
with stage IV
pressure ulcers
CRITICAL APPRAISAL
The clinical practice guideline developed by the National Pressure
Ulcer Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, and
Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance provides evidence-based
recommendations for the prevention and treatment of pressure
ulcers. This guideline serves as an important resource for healthcare
providers to improve patient safety and outcomes

The association between hospital nurse staffing and preventable

patient complications, as examined by Padula, Delarmente, and
the (2015), indicates the significance of adequate staffing levels
in preventing adverse outcomes, including pressure ulcers. This
finding emphasizes the need for appropriate nurse staffing and
resources to ensure patient

Systematic review by Moore and Cowman (2012) highlights the

importance of using risk assessment tools for preventing
pressure ulcers. The findings suggest that the implementation of
effective risk assessment tools can help identify patients at high
risk and guide targeted preventive interventions.
 CONCLUSIONS &
RECOMMENDATIONS

The
prevention
of pressure
ulcers is a
multifacete
d process

Risk
assessment
tools play a
crucial role
in identifying
patients at
high risk

Adequate
staffing levels,
including
nursing staff,
are essential
for preventing
adverse
outcomes such
as pressure
ulcers
 REFENCES
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PRESSURE ULCER ADVISORY PANEL, & PAN PACIFIC PRESSURE
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PRESSURE ULCERS: CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE. EMILY

2-MOORE, Z., & COWMAN, S. (2012). RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR 

THE PREVENTION OF PRESSURE ULCERS. COCHRANE DATABASE
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3-BREM, H., MAGGI, J., NIERMAN, D., ROLNITZKY, L., BELL, D., 
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