Microprocessor and

Interfacing
Ch2_lec3_ Instruction Set: Data
Movement Instructions

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 Instruction Sets
 8086 instruction set is categorized into:-

✗ Data Movement Instructions

✗ Arithmetic and Logic Instructions

✗ String Manipulation Instructions

✗ Program Control Instructions

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 Data Movement Instruction

 These types of instructions are used to transfer data

from source operand to destination operand.

 All the store, move, load, exchange, input and output

instructions belong to this category.

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 MOV:- Move
 This data transfer instruction transfers data from one
register/memory location to another register/memory
location.

 The source may be any one of the segment registers or

other general or special purpose registers or memory
location, another register or memory location may act
as destination.

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 MOV:- Move
 Example
MOV AX, 2000H
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, [2000H]
MOV [BX], CX
MOV CS, DS Illegal:
segment registers can’t be together

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 PUSH:- Push to Stack
 This instruction pushes the contents of the specified
register/memory location on to the stack.
 The stack pointer is decremented by 2, after each
execution of the instruction.

 Example
 PUSH AX
 PUSH DS
 PUSH AL Illegal, must push a word
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 PUSHF:- Push Flags to Stack

 The push flag instruction pushes the flag register onto

the stack; first the upper byte and then the lower bye
will be pushed onto the stack.

 The SP is decremented by 2, for each push operation.

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 POP:- Pop from Stack
 When this instruction is executed, it loads the specified
register/memory location with the contents of the
memory location of which the address is formed using
the current stack segment and stack pointer as usual.
 The stack pointer is incremented by 2.
 Example
POP AX
POP DS
POP CS Just Illegal
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 POPF:- Pop Flags from Stack
 The pop flags instructions loads the flag register
completely (both byte) from the word contents of the
memory location currently addressed by SP and SS.

 The SP is incremented by 2 for each pop operation.

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 XCHG:- Exchange
 This instruction exchanges the contents of the specified
source and destination operands, which may be a
registers or one of them may be memory location.
 However, exchange of data contents of two memory
location is not permitted.

 Example
XCHG [5000H], AX
XCHG BL, CH
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 XCHG:- Exchange
MOV AX, 125AH
MOV AH, 23H
XCHG AL, AH

 After the execution the above set of Instruction what will

be the value of the following registers?
AX= ________
5A23H
AL = _____
23H
AH = _____
5AH
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 INPUT:- INPUT the Port
 This instruction is used for reading an input port.
 The address of the input port may be specified in
the instruction directly or indirectly.
 AL and AX are the allowed destinations for 8 and l6-
bit input operations.
 DX is the only register (implicit) which is allowed to
carry the port address.
 Example
IN AL, 0030H
MOV DX, 0130H
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IN AX, DX
 OUT:- Out the Port
 This instruction is used for writing an input port.
 The address of the input port may be specified in
the instruction directly or indirectly.
 AL and AX are the allowed sources for 8 and l6-bit
input operations.
 DX is the only register (implicit) which is allowed to
carry the port address.
 Example
OUT 0030H, AL
MOV DX, 0230H
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OUT DX, AX
 LEA:- Load Effective Address
 The load effective address instruction loads the
offset of an operand in the specified register.

 Example:
LEA BP, SS:STACK_TOP ;Load BP with offset of
;STACK_TOP in SS

LEA CX, [BX]+[DI] ;Load CX with

; EA = (BX)+(DI)
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LDS/LES:- Load Pointer to DS/ES
 The instruction, Load DS/ES with pointer, loads the
DS or ES register and specified destination register
in the instruction with the content of memory
location specified as source in the instruction.
 Example
LDS BX, [5000H]
LES BX, [5000H]
BX YY XX XX 5000H
YY 5001H
DS/
nn mm mm 5002H
ES
nn 5003H
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 XLAT/XLATB:- Translate
 The translate instruction is used for finding out the
codes in case of code conversion problems, using
lookup table.
AL = DS:[BX + AL]
 Example 1
MOV AX, SEG TABLE
MOV DS, AX
MOV AL, CODE
MOV BX, OFFSET TABLE
XLAT Kassahun Tamir 16
 XLAT/XLATB:- Translate
 Example 2

dat DB 11h, 22h, 33h, 44h, 55h

LEA BX, dat

MOV AL, 2
XLATB ; AL = 33h

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LAHF:- Load AH from lower byte of
Flag
 This instruction loads the AH register with the lower
bye of the flag register.

 This instruction may be used to observe the status

of all the condition code flag (except overflow) at a
time.

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SAHF:- Store AH from lower byte of
Flag
 This instruction sets or resets the condition code
flags (except overflow) in the lower byte of the flag
register depending upon the corresponding bit
positions in AH.

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 Example
 Explain what does the following set of instructions do?

MOV AX, B800H ;Set AX to hexadecimal value of B800h

MOV DS, AX ; copy value of AX to DS
MOV CL, 128 ; set CL to decimal value
MOV CH, 11011111b ; set CH to binary value
MOV BX, 015EH ; set BX to 15Eh
MOV [BX], CX ; copy contents of CX = DF80H to
memory at B800:015E
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 Example
 Determine the contents of the GP registers after
these programs got executed.

MOV AX, 1234H

MOV BX, 5678H
PUSH AX
PUSH BX
POP AX
POP BX

AX= 5678H BX= 1234H

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 Exercise
 Write a program that loads AX register by 4567H
and BL by 34H and then copy that to a memory
address of 45234H and DL registers respectively.
(Assume DS starts at 4000H)
 Solution:
MOV AX, 4567H
MOV BL, 34H
MOV CX, 4000H
MOV DS, CX
MOV [5234H], AX
MOV DL, BL Kassahun Tamir 22
 Exercise
 Write a program to accept an input 8-bit data from
port number 125H and store the data to memory
address of 51000H
 Solution:
MOV DX, 125H
IN AL, DX
MOV BX, 5000H
MOV DS, BX
MOV [1000H], AL
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 Exercise
 Write a program to display an output 16-bit data to
port number 25H from a memory address of
51000H.

 Solution:
MOV AX, 5000H
MOV DS, AX
MOV AX, [1000H]
MOV DX, 25H
OUT DX, AX Kassahun Tamir 24
Questions?

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