SLAB DESIGN

PART 2
TWO WAYS SLAB
 8.5 Two-ways Slab
In two-ways slab, the reinforcement is designed on both directions.

The condition occurs when the slab is supported on all four sides and the ratio of
longer span to shorter span is less or equal to 2.
Reinforcement
Ratio of long side to short side is less than 2 run both ways
Long side

Short side

b
Slab
1m
Beam
Beam

Supported by beams on all 4 sides

 8.5 Two-ways Slab
The failure mode of the simply supported two-ways slab is shown in Figure 8.6.
The bending moment and shear force of the slab depends on the ratio of Ly/Lx,
the continuity of the slab and types of support (simply supported or continuous)

Figure 8.6: Failure mode of two-ways slab and the direction of main reinforcement
 8.5 Two-ways Slab
If the slab consists of a single panel and the sides of the slab are not resisted from
lifting, than this type of slab is considered to be simply supported.

This is usually occurs when slab is supported by steel beams or the slab and beam in
not monolithically constructed as shown in the Figure 8.7.

Figure 8.7: Slab not monolithically constructed is considered simply supported

8.5.1 Calculating Bending Moment Mx and My

Using Formula, the maximum moment per unit width are

given:
msx = nl 2 eq 1
sx x
msy = nl 2 eq 2
sY x
Where
n - total design ultimate load per unit area (1.35Gk + 1.5Qk)
(Refer Unit 2)
lx- length of shorter side
sx and sYare given in Table 8.3.
8.5.1 Calculating Bending Moment Mx and My

Table 8.3: Bending Coefficients for Slab Spanning in Two Directions at Right Angle,
Simply Supported on All Four Sides
8.5.1 Calculating Bending Moment Mx and My

1. The area of reinforcement in directions lx and ly respectively are:

Asx = Msx/0.87fykz per metre width
Asy = Msy/0.87fykz per metre width
2. The slab should be reinforced uniformly across the full width, in
each direction.
3. The effective depth d used in calculating Asy should be less than
that for Asx because of the different depths of the two layers of
reinforcement.
4. Established practice suggests that at least 40% of the mid span
reinforcement should extend to the supports and the remaining
60% should extend to within 0.1lxor 0.1ly of the appropriate
support.
Example 8.3

Design the reinforcement for a simply supported slab of size

4.5 m X 6.3 m.

The slab supports a variable load of 10 kN/m2.

Given the slab is 220 mm thick

fck = 25 N/mm2, fyk = 500 N/mm2

Exposure conditions XC-1.

 Example 8.3
Calculation Result
Check types of slab: 2-ways slab
ly/lx = 6.3/4.5 = 1.4
Using Table 8.3,
sx = 0.099
sy = 0.051

Self-weight of slab = 220 X 25 X 10-3 = 5.5 kN per m2 qk=10 kN/m2

Ultimate load = 1.35 X 5.5 + 1.5 X 10 = 22.43 kN/m2 gk=5.5 kN/m2
Bending (short span) Cover=30 mm
msx = sxnlx2 = 0.099 X 22.43 X 4.52 =45 kNm(Equation 1) d= 185 mm
Exposure XC1, minimum cover = 30 mm
Assume bar size = 10 mm
d= 220 - 30 – 5 = 185 mm
K = Msx/bd2fck = 45 X 106/1000 X 1852 X 25= 0.053 0.95d OK
z/d= 0.5 X (1 + (1 – 3.53 K)) = 0.5 X (1 + (1 - 3.53 X 0.053)) =
0.95
z = 0.95 x 185 = 176 mm
Asx = Msx/0.87fykz = 45 X 106/0.87 X 500 X 176 = 588 mm2/m
 Example 8.3
Calculation Result
From Table 1.9(b), provide H12 at 175 mm centre, As=646mm2/m Provide H12@175
(As=646mm2/m) in x–
direction
Bending (long span) d= 175 mm
msy = sYnlx2 (Equation 2)
= 0.051 X 22.43 X 4.52 = 23.16 kNm
d= 220 – 30 – 10 – 5= 175 mm
K = Msx/bd2fck = 23.16 X 106/1000 X 25 X 1752 = 0.030 Use z =0.95d
z/d=0.5 X (1 + (1 – 3.53 K )) = 0.5 X (1 + (1 - 3.53 X 0.03)) =
0.97 > 0.95d
z = 0.95 X 175 = 166 mm
Asy = Msy/0.87fykz= 23.16 X 106/0.87 X 500 X 166 = 320 mm2/m
From Table 1.9(b), Provide H10@200
Provide H10 at 200 mm centres, As=393 mm2/m (As=393mm2/m) in y–
direction
 Example 8.3
Calculation Result
Minimum steel area OK
100As/bd = 100 X 393/1000 X 166 = 0.24 > 0.14 (for fck =25)
Check deflection 33>24.3
1 = 100As,req/bd = 100 X 588/1000 X 185 = 0.318
From Table 7.3 , Deflection OK
Basic span – effective depth ratio = 30
K3 = = 646/588 = 1.1
Allowable: 30 X 1 X 1 X 1.1 = 33
Actual span/effective depth = 4500/185 = 24.3
Example 8.3
Detailings
Problems

1. Design a one-way slab simply supported on two brick walls of span 3.0 m centre
to centre. The slab carries dead load from finishes (excluding self-weight) of 0.35
kN/m2 and characteristic live load of 2.5 kN/m2. Use grade 25 concrete and
fy=500 N/mm2 for steel.

Assume concrete cover = 20 mm and bar size = 10 mm.

2 One panel of a slab in an office building is simply supported on steel beams on

four of its sides. The size of the slab is 5m X 7.5 m. Estimated total dead weight
of 200 mm slab, cement screed, finishing and services is 6.20 kN/m2. The
imposed load is 2.5 kN/m2. Design the slab and sketch the reinforcement
detailing assuming:

Concrete: Gred 30 : Steel: Gred 500 : Exposure:XC2 :Fire resistance: R90