Report

Literature Review of Solar Air Conditioning

Refrigeration System with different Refrigerants

Muhammad Haseeb ullah*, Muhammad Hamza*, Aqib Iqbal*,

Moin khan*, Talha TAnveer*

Abstract
The aim of project was Literature review of solar air conditioning cooling system
with different refrigerants .And to see the potency sweetening and reduction of
power consumption of mechanical device and cooling load of solar AC with
different refrigerants.

Solar Air Conditioning Refrigeration System

History
The solar air con immediately seems a really attractive idea once you consider
using solar heat to counteract that heat. How does that become possible? The
concept however isn’t new, because it dates back to 1960s and 1970s, when several
cooling and refrigeration cycles were investigated and proposed.

Introduction
Since cooling is sort of expensive, reducing cooling loads via methods of passive
building design and insulation are important for overall efficiency. For example,
summer solar gains within the building are often minimized by using windows
with low transmittance within the infrared a part of spectrum. Also various shading
designs (internal and external) are often planned to control direct solar gains.
Creating passive ventilation loops that cash in of natural air flows and prevailing
winds at a locale also can prevent excessive indoor heating. In general, the
utilization of solar cooling was intended for 2 main purposes: 1. Refrigeration for
food storage 2. Space cooling (air conditioning). Furthermore it had been realized
that such systems as flat-plate solar collectors are often use for heating within the
winter and cooling within the summer, thus significantly increasing system
usability and efficiency. The main idea behind this idea is that the physicochemical
cycle that’s ready to transfer thermal energy from one location to a different is
driven by an external heat source (solar or non-solar). Another important idea here
is that removal of warmth from any a part of the system essentially equals cooling.
There are variety of various cooling cycles supported somewhat different
principles. The following three are mentioned by Duffie and Beckman (2013) in
reference to solar thermal systems:
• Absorption cycles
• Desiccant cycles
• Solar mechanical cycles
All of those cycles may have some technical variations counting on specific
conditions and cargo . Absorption cooling technology is taken into account in
additional detail here. The cooling effect is predicated on the evaporative cooling
of a refrigerant. Because the vaporization process requires energy input, when it
happens it takes heat from the system, thus making the remaining fluid colder.
Desiccant cooling is based on cycling dehumidificationhumidification processes. It
uses some hygroscopic substances or materials for dehumidification, and people
materials are regenerated within the cycle by applying solar heat.

Absorption Cooling
Absorption cycle is one among the promising methods to utilize the solar heat for
space cooling in domestic and industrial applications. Until recently the absorption
cooling technology wasn’t readily available for little capacity applications and was
quite expensive compared to the normal vapor compression cooling technology.
However, there’s a big opportunity to mix an absorption system with building
envelop design to supply environmentally benign way of controlling internal
environment using solar power . There are two basic sorts of absortpion cooling
cycles: (1) Lithium Bromide (LiBr)-Water and (2) AmmoniaWater. The LiBr-H2O
appears to be more suitable for small-scale and lowcost solar applications thanks to
lower operating temperature of this cycle (Florides et al., 2001). Absorption
systems are in how almost like vapor compression systems, but differ in
pressurization phase. Maybe it are often useful to briefly review how the traditional
vapor compression systems work, like those found in electric refrigerators.

Components
• Solar Panel
• Compressor
• Condenser
• Expansion Valve
• Evaporator
• Condenser Fan

Solar Equipments
• Solar Panel
• Battery
• Inverter
• Charge Controller

Working
The Solar air con unit works on a hybrid principle. It absorbs solar power to heat
the within medium by utilizing a vacuum solar dish . The refrigerant from the
compressor goes through a copper coil inside the collector and undertakes a heat
exchange. The heated refrigerant then goes through a cycle inside the system for
not just for heating but also for cooling too. Energy from the sun is fully utilized so
therefore less power is required from the mains during this process, this, in turn,
allows for smaller compressors to be installed that offer even better savings on
power consumption. This system adopts a four-fold type device together of the
core components of this air-conditioner. Its heat effective area is increased by 20-
30% versus the standard V-type and flat plate device , which greatly increases
cooling efficiency.

LITERATURE REVIEW
C.S.Choudhari and S.N. Sapali [1] investigated that, in tropical countries the
performance of R290 is experimentally measured in analyze for water cooler
application. Tests have been conducted using R290 at different temperatures 10C0
and different condensing temperatures 38C0 ,46C0 ,48C0 and 55C0 .The system
showed 40.5% to 67% and 22.4% to 2.8%higher cooling capacity and higher COP
(coefficient of performance).R290 has excellent thermodynamic properties in
comparison with R22 ,the molecular weight is 49% lower .A lower molecular
weight indicated a higher latent heat of evaporation.
Dehua Cai and Jingkai Jiang [2] analyzed that, As NH3 is environmentally friendly
refrigerant. The NH3LiON3 system reaches to lowest evaporation temperature -
13.1C0 and NH3NASCN system reached evaporation temperature -7.5C0 .The
absorption refrigeration system induces a demand of electricity supply.These
refrigerants are able to provide cooling capacity below 0C0 without vacuum
problem.
RashedZadeh and Shekrahman [3] studied that, Due to condition favourable for
high temperature are used R-407 instead of R-22.And the other reasons we are
trying to replace R-22 with R407 is more compatibility with compressor that are
manufactured with polyester oil.It reduces the compressor’s work by 34% and cop
increases 4.59%.
R.Z. Wang et al [4] concluded that, Solar driven air conditioning system can cope
with solar collector working in a wide range of temperature.Fine system including
modular silica gel water absorption chiller single double effect LiBr-Water
absorption chiller.All the systems gets improvement in comparison with
development of the system were shown.These have different driving temperature
and correspond with different solar heat sources.LiBrWater absorption chiller are
very popular in solar cooling system for commercialized availability.
Bosheng Su and Wei Han [5] investigated that, Due to less energy consumption
and high performance of solar powered absorption refrigeration system, which
fulfilled the requirement of both air-conditioning and fresh water was more reliable
for worm climate and water deficient region(solar energy is rich).LiBr-H2O was
used in the system.It increased the energy efficiency of system to 9.83%, which
was 2.97% higher than the reference system.

Advantages
• Environmentally Friendly
• Longevity
• Scalable

Disadvantages
• Efficiency is low
• Takes long time to produce cooling effect
•Kerosine or gas flame gives bad smell.

Conclusion
The refrigerants used in the solar refrigeration system are more compatible with
the system components than the refrigerant which were being used earlier.These
refrigerants reduced the power consumption(compressor work reduction) and
increases the economic performances and cop of the system also increased.

Refrerence
[1] J.M.Calm,The Next Generation of Refrigeration-Historical Review,
Considerations, and outlook International Journal of refrigeration.
[2] Sun J,Fu L,Zhang S. A review of working fluids of absorption cycles. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev 2012;16:1899906.
[3] R.Guzulonty,A review on solar powered air conditioning system,Sci.11 (2015)
301-307,http//dri.org/10.11.
[4] Kim D, Ferreira Cl.Solar refrigeration options-a state-of-the-art review .int J
Refrig 2008;31:3-15.
[5] Farsi A, Muhammadi SMH,Ameri M.An efficient combination of transcritical
CO2 Refrigeration and multiEffect desalination ;Energy and economic
analysis.Energy convers Manage 2016;127:561-75.