PHYSICAL EDUCATION

HEALTH 4
Recreational Activities

Quarter 4 Management of Outdoor Recreational Activities

Module 7 (Safety Practices, First Aid, Aquatic and
Environmental Hazards)
Session Week 5-6 Second Semester/Fourth Quarter

Most Essential Learning Competency

Participates in an organized event that addresses health/fitness issues and concerns.

What I Need to Know

This module is guided with set of instruction specifically for grade 12 students who are taking up
H.O.P.E. 4 under the K to 12 curriculum. You can go through the material at your own pace of
creativity at your own time. Let your output set as a recorded performance at the same time
engaging in this different physical activity in promoting active lifestyle and achieve holistic
development of an individual.

Learning Objectives
At the end of this session the learners are expected to:
1. define first aid;
2. identify safety practices in outdoors, aquatic and environmental hazards and
3. appreciate the value of participating in an organized event that addresses health/fitness
issues and concerns.

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 What I Know
Learning Task 1:
Directions: Identify whether the statement given is correct or not. If the statement is correct, write
TRUE on the space provided before each number. If not, write the word that makes the statement
incorrect.
1. First Aid is the immediate care given to prevent deterioration of the victim.
2. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique that is
administered when breathing and heartbeat of a person stopped.
3. Severe thirst is a symptom of exhaustion.
4. Fracture occurs whenever a joint is forced through a normal range of motion.
5. Apply ice on affected area if you have burns.
6. The skin of a person experiencing hyperthermia may turn blue and his breathing
and heart rate decreases.
7. Signs and symptoms of dehydration include dry mouth, thirst and irritability or
crankiness.
8. Barotrauma is a diving-related sickness that occurs because of pressure
differences between the body’s air-filled cavities and the water.
9. Calamine lotion can be used to alleviate itching when one gets in contact with
rash-causing substance.
10. Tourniquet can be used for snake bites.

What’s In
Learning Task 2:
Complete the table by identifying the given illustrations.
Definition Illustration Injury/Illness
It is caused by friction
from shoes or boots that
appear on the heels toes
and tops of feet.

It is characterized by
extremely high body
temperature and
disturbance of the
sweating mechanism.

It involves stretching or
tearing of the ligament.
This usually occurs when
a joint is overextended
from its usual range of
motion.

What’s New 2
Learning Task 3

One of the Philippine provinces blessed with natural resources and green
faced is Cavite. One of the most sought is the magnificent Mt. Pico de Loro.Its
summit stands at only 664 meters above sea level, offering 360-degree unobstructed view
of Cavite, Batangas, Laguna and Manila Bay with the islands of Lumbones, Carabao and
the historic Corregidor.Its summit can be reached after a couple of hours of walking or
hiking. Climbing to this mountain is considered a minor climb with a difficulty of 3/9 and
has a trail class 1-3.

Questions:
1. What do you think are the essentials needed in order to climb Mt. Pico de Loro?
2. What are the possible illnesses or injuries you may encounter in climbing
mountain?

What is it ?
Social
Outdoor recreation is great for the body, mind and soul. It is physical activity in
outdoors or natural settings which provides opportunities to connect individually in small
groups or as a community to the outdoor activity. People engage in outdoor recreational
activities for numerous purposes. However, being active outdoors is a big deal. We should
bear in mind that being in outdoors, we are exposed to many risks and hazards that
potentially bring harm to people. The question now is, how can we keep ourselves safe
while having fun outdoors?
The most effective way to prevent mishaps is to adequately prepare for the activity.
Knowledge of the area, terrain, and limitations of the body can help ensure a safe and
enjoyable activity. More so, safety practices and knowledge on first aid play a vital role in
dealing with injuries and illnesses that may come along the way.
One’s safety is essential in every activity. According to Britannica, safety is the state
of being safe. It is the condition of being protected from harm or other non-desirable
outcomes. Further, it seeks to either minimize or eliminate hazardous conditions that can
cause bodily injury.

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What should be done when faced with a medical emergency situation?

When faced in with emergency situation, being calm is crucial. Apparato, et.al.
(2017) suggest to remember and apply the DRSABC action plan or flow that is described
as follows:

Danger – always check first the danger and source of injury. Make sure the surroundings
are safe and out of danger, otherwise, you will also allow yourself to be a victim.

Responsiveness – can the casualty hear your voice? Can then open and close their eyes?
Are there any movements? Do they respond to touch?

Send – send for help or shout for help.

Airway – is the person’s airway clear? If the person is not responding and is unconscious,
check airway by opening the mouth and having a look inside. Tilting the head back with
the chin facing up will clear an airway.

Breathing – make sure that the victim is breathing by looking at breathing signs,
listening to exhales, and feeling air coming out of the mouth or nose.

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) – if an adult is unconscious, no pulse, and not

breathing, perform the CPR until the emergency personnel or medics arrive.

In addition, administration of CPR is highlighted. How is cardiopulmonary

resuscitation administered?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique that is
administered when breathing and heartbeat of a person stopped, such as during a heart
attack and drowning. CPR involves the CAB process that stands for compression
(restoration of blood circulation), Airway (clearing of airway), and breathing (breathe for
the person).
In administering first aid, it is important to know when to use CPR. If there is
no breathing and no pulse nis felt, administer the CPR cycle—30 compressions, then two
breaths until help arrives. In administering CPR or compression, the following must be
done:
 Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.
 Locate hand position for compression by drawing an imaginary line from armpit to
center chest for hand placement.
 Place heel of one hand on the lower part of the breastbone.
 Put other hand over the first, interlacing your fingers for support.
 With straight arms and shoulder positioned over the victim’s chest, push down on
the victim’s chest. For adult victims, push it down for atleast 2 inches or 5 cm deep.
 Give 30 compressions in 18 seconds or less (rate of 100 compressions in one
minute) and let the chest rise completely between compressions.
 After 30 compressions, gibe two rescue breaths.

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  Repeat cycle until help arrives or when there are signs of movement.
Sample video of CPR: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YREVVM2n7g
In checking for pulse of the victim, put two fingers on the center of the neck the slide
fingers down to the side of the victim’s neck up to the nudge between muscles. When
pulse is felt but no signs of breathing, administer one rescue breathing every five second
and recheck pulse every two minutes. In rescue breathing, do the following:
 Gently tilt the victim’s forehead back with one hand.
 Tilt the victim’s chin using the other hand; this will open the victim’s airways.
 Pinch nose close then cover the victim’s mouth with your mouth. Blow life-giving
air to the victim. Watch for the chest rise; if it does now rise then reposition and
perform the rescue breathing all over again

FIRST AID OF COMMON EMERGENCIES IN OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES

First Aid as cited by Hepler (2018) is a medical care given to someone experiencing
sudden injury or illness. She further mentioned that in some cases, first aid consists of
initial support provided to someone in the middle of a medical emergency. This support
might help them survive until professional help arrives. Moreover, in other cases it may
consists of the care provides to someone with minor injury such as minor burns, cuts and
insect bites.

What are the common medical injuries encountered in outdoor recreation and what
first aid treatment should be administered?

Wounds are common muscoskeletal injuries that occur in sports, exercise and
outdoor setting. (Mangubat, et. al. 2018). Frequently, open wounds are the most common
injuries in the outdoors. According to Dr. Gonzales (2018), an open wound is an injury
involving an external or internal break in body tissue, usually involving the skin.. Most
open wounds are minor and can be treated at home. Falls and accidents with sharp
objects are the most common causes of open wounds.
Types of Wounds
 Abrasion – it occurs occurs when your skin rubs or scrapes against a rough or
hard surface.
 Incision – are wounds that are usually longer than they are deep. They are caused
by a sharp item cutting or slashing into the skin, making a long laceration, or cut.
Often times these wounds are not very deep, usually only damaging the skin.
 Laceration - is a deep cut or tearing of your skin. Accidents with knives, tools, and
machinery are frequent causes of lacerations. In the case of deep lacerations,
bleeding can be rapid and extensive.
 Puncture - is a small hole caused by a long, pointy object, such as a nail or needle.
Sometimes, a bullet can cause a puncture wound.
 Avulsion - is a partial or complete tearing away of skin and the tissue beneath.
Avulsions usually occur during violent accidents, such as body-crushing accidents,
explosions, and gunshots. They bleed heavily and rapidly.

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 Figure 1 shows common injuries such as cuts, incisions, lacerations,
punctures, scrapes and wounds.
Source: https://line.17qq.com/articles/wtwauhuax_p6.html

Signs and Symptoms First Aid

Any break in the skin causing it to
bleed.
 Wash and disinfect the wound to remove all
dirt and debris.
 Use direct pressure and elevation to control
bleeding and swelling.
 When wrapping the wound, always use a
sterile dressing or bandage. Very minor
wounds may heal without a bandage.

Emergency personnel must be called immediately if:

 an open wound is deeper than 1/2 inch

 bleeding doesn’t stop with direct pressure
 bleeding lasts longer than 20 minutes
 bleeding is the result of a serious accident

Sprain is an injury to a ligament (tissue that connects two or more bones at a joint). When
a sprain happens, one or more ligaments is stretched or torn.

Signs and Symptoms

 There is pain, swelling, bruising on the affected area.
 There victim is not able to use the joint.

Strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon (fibrous cords of tissue that connect muscle to
bone). In a strain, a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn.

Signs and Symptoms

 Muscle spasms
 Swelling
 Cramping
 Trouble moving

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Sprain Strain

Figure 3 shows the difference between Figure 4 shows how to bandage a sprained
a sprain and strain. or strained ankle.

First Aid
In the application of first aid for sprain or strain, it is important to take note of the
following:
Protect the injury by immobilizing the injured part.
Rest the injury. It is the most important part to recovery.
Ice or cold compress should be applied on the injured area to reduce swelling and helps
stop any bleeding.
Compress. It means applying pressure to the injured area to stop bleeding. Wrapping with
a cloth or bandage can be used.
Elevate means raising the injured area above the rest of the body as a way to reduce
swelling.
Sample video of ankle bandaging: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFdm-HrHgco
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcbupDu-PJI

Fracture is a medical condition where the continuity of the bone is broken. Mostly they
are caused by falls and accidents.

Figure 5 shows the different types of common bone fracture.

Source: https://www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/uoh_fracture_lesson01

Sample video of fracture first aid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88s4LGZFhIc

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 Signs and Symptoms
 There is pain at the affected area.
 The area may or may not be deformed.
 Discoloration of the skin around the
affected area
 Broken bone possibly projecting through
the skin.
 There is a grating sensation or sound may
be present during any motion of the
injured area.
First Aid
 If in doubt, treat the injury as a fracture.
 Immobilize the area of an injury until help
arrives or until the victim is brought to the
hospital.
 Cover all open wound with a clean dressing
before splinting.
 Splint the joints above and below the
fracture.
 If the fracture may penetrate the skin, it
could be necessary to apply traction to
straighten the deformity.
 Be sure to pad your splints.

Emergency personnel must be called immediately if:

 One suspects injury to the person’s head, neck, or back.
 Bone is sticking out of the skin.
 Bleeding does not stop after several minutes of firm pressure.
 Blood spurts from the wound.

Concussion is a traumatic brain injury that affects your brain function. Effects are
usually temporary but can include headaches and problems with concentration, memory,
balance and coordination. It is caused by a blow or bump to the head or body.

Signs and Symptoms First Aid

 Headache  Treat cuts.
 Ringing in the ears  Apply ice or compress if no ice is available.
 Nausea  Rest until symptoms disappear
 Vomiting  Watch out symptoms that need emergency
 Fatigue or drowsiness action.
 Blurry Vision

Emergency personnel must be called immediately if:

 One vomits repeatedly.
 The pupils become unequal.
 One looks is unconscious or passed out.
 One feels very drowsy.
 There is pain in the neck after the fall of knocked out.
 There is slurred speech.
 One experience seizure.

Blister is a result of ill-fitting footwear. It is especially seen among hikers and trekkers.
Blisters can be painful and may cause discomfort.

Signs and Symptoms First Aid

 Burning sensation  Place a piece of adhesive over affected
 Pain or tenderness around the blister area.
 Itching  Doughnut-shaped moleskin helps when
 Rash blisters are at the bottom of foot.
 If blisters have popped, wash area with
soap and water the put antibiotic cream
 If it is absolutely necessary drain a blister

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 with a sterilized needle into the side of the
blister. Apply with antibacterial solution
and cover with gauze dressing and tape.

Burns are tissue damage that results from heat, overexposure to the sun or other
radiation, or chemical or electrical contact. 

First-degree Burn Second-degree Burn Third-degree Burn

Figure 6 shows the degrees of burn.

Source: https://wdrfree.com/stock-vector/download/skin-burn-three-degrees-of-burns-type-of-
injury-to-skin-vector-illustration-193659206

Signs and Symptoms First Aid

 First degree burn. This minor burn For first degree burn:
affects only the outer layer of the skin  Put affected area under running water or
(epidermis). It may cause redness and immerse in cool (not ice) water until pain
pain. subsides. If no running water is available
then apply compress.
 Second-degree burn. This type of burn  Cover with sterile, non-adhesive bandage,
affects both the epidermis and the or clean cloth.
second layer of skin (dermis). It may  Do not apply buffer or ointments, which
cause swelling and red, white or splotchy can cause infection.
skin. Blisters may develop, and pain can For second degree burn:
be severe. Deep second-degree burns can  Immerse in cool water for 10-15 minutes,
cause scarring. apply compress if running water is not
available.
 Third-degree burn. This burn reaches to  Do not break blister or apply butter of
the fat layer beneath the skin. Burned ointment causing infection.
areas may be black, brown or white. The  Protect burn with sterile, nonstick
skin may look leathery. Third-degree bandage, and secure with gauze of tape.
burns can destroy nerves, causing  To prevent shock, let the person lie flat
numbness. and elevate feet for about 12 inches high
and elevate burn area about heart level (if
possible) and cover the person with coat or
blanket.
 Wait for emergency personnel.

Emergency personnel must be called immediately if:

 You see signs of infection, like increased pain, redness, swelling, fever, or oozing.
 The person needs tetanus or booster shot, depending on date of last injection. Tetanus
booster should be given every 10 years.
 The burn blister is larger than two inches or oozes.

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  Redness and pain last more than a few hours.
 The pain gets worse.
 The hands, feet, face, or genitals are burned.

Sample video for burns first aid:

What are the common medical illnesses or sickness encountered in outdoor

recreation and what first aid treatment should be administered?

Fever is a body temperature that’s higher than is considered normal. Normal body

temperatures are different for everyone, but they lie within the range of 97 to 99. A
temperature of 100.4 or higher is considered a fever.

Signs and Symptoms First Aid

 Chills or shivering  Drinking a lot of clear liquids such
 Sweating as water, broth, and juices or a rehydration
 Headache drink
 Feeling weak  Taking a lukewarm bath
 Being irritable  Resting
 Losing your appetite  Keeping yourself cool with lightweight
 Being dehydrated clothing and bed coverings

Emergency personnel must be called immediately if:

 Unresponsive;
 Having difficulty breathing or is wheezing;
 Has lips turning bluish;
 Seems confused; and
 Observes sudden onset of rashes.

Headache are often experienced in trekking or hiking due to lack of eye protection from
the sunrays, tension in the neck, dehydration, swelling of brain tissue due to excessive
sweating over a period of days, and consumption of large amounts of water taking salt
tablets.

Signs and Symptoms First Aid

 nausea  taking a rest in a shaded area
 vomiting  using a cold pack or ice to help lower the
 pain in the eyes when looking into bright body temperature
lights (photophobia)  avoiding caffeinated beverages
 dizziness  waiting until it is cooler to exercise
 vertigo
 tenderness of the scalp
 tightness sensation in the head
 stroke

Altitude Sickness is due to a rapid ascent to higher altitudes (4800 to 11,200 ft. or more)
due to the decreasing amount of oxygen that occurs at high altitudes. It is caused by the
decreasing amount of oxygen available as altitude increases.

Signs and Symptoms First Aid

 headache  Stop, rest and allow the person to make a
 dizziness full recovery.
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 nausea  Continue to climb but descend
 fatigue immediately if the symptoms return
 vomiting  If problems persist for 24 hours descend
 shortness of breath to a safe area.
 problems with sleep
 loss of appetite

Emergency personnel must be called immediately if:


 Shortness of breath at rest or experiences tightness of chest.
 Gurgling or rattling breaths.
 Cough with frothy or pink sputum.
 Lips of fingernails turn bluish or grayish.
 Respiratory failure.
 Drowsiness.

Hypothermia is a severe condition in which the body temperature drops to an abnormally

low level. It occurs when the body is unable to produce enough heat to counter the heat
that it is losing. Clinically, this happens when the body’s temperature drops below 33.3 C

Signs and Symptoms First Aid

Mild Hypothermia
High blood pressure, shivering, rapid
breathing and heart rate, constricted blood
vessels, apathy and fatigue, impaired
judgment, and lack of coordination.
Severe Hypothermia
Irregular heartbeat, a slower heart rate and
breathing, lower level of consciousness,
dilated pupils, low blood pressure, and a
decrease in reflexes. The person maybe
conscious or unconscious.
 Move the injured person out of the cold
environment and to a source of heat.
 Remove wet clothing.
 Wrap the person in warm, dry clothing or
blankets.
 Use an electric blanket of hot packs placed
around the head, neck, armpits, groin or
chest.
 Transport the injured person immediately
to a health care facility.
 Prevent further heat loss by gently
removing cold, wet clothing and moving
the person to a warm environment.
 Treat the injured person gently to prevent
cardiac-related problems from occurring.
 Monitor vital signs and be prepared to do
artificial respiration or CPR.

 Emergency personnel must be called immediately if:


 Shows confusion, memory loss, or slurred speech
 Body temperature drops below 35 C (95 F)
 Shallow breathing

Hyperthermia is characterized by an abnormally high body temperature. It occurs when

the body’s heat regulation system becomes overwhelmed by outside factors, causing a
person’s internal temperature to rise.
Degrees of hyperthermia
 Heat Cramps usually happen during heavy activity in hot environments. They are
painful, involuntary muscle spasms which are more intense than the typical
nighttime leg cramp where the muscles affected includes the calves arms,
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 abdominal wall, and back. This happens when the muscles accumulate excessive
lactic acid or a loss of fluid and electrolyte through perspiration.
 Heat Exhaustion happens when the water is not sufficient for the body’s demand
in a particular outdoor activity, the body becomes dehydrated and salt-depleted.
This results in nausea, faintness, a weak rapid pulse and/or cold and sweaty skin.
 Heat Stroke is a serious, potentially life-threatening form of heat illness. The body
temperature rises to 105 degrees Fahrenheit or higher and you develop neurological
changes, such as mental confusion or unconsciousness.
Signs and Symptoms First Aid
Heat Cramps  Sipping cool water or an electrolyte
drink
 excessive sweating  Loosening or removing excess clothing
 exhaustion  Lying down and trying to relax
 flushed or red skin  Taking a cool bath or shower
 muscle cramps, spasm, and pain  Placing a cool, wet cloth on the forehead
 headache or mild light-headedness  Running the wrists under cool water for
 nausea 60 seconds
 Not resuming activity until symptoms have
gone away

Heat Exhaustion  Placing ice packs or compresses under the

 dizziness arms and groin
 weakness  Using a fan to cool the skin
 thirst
 coordination issues
 trouble concentrating
 skin that’s cool and clammy
 rapid pulse
Heat Stroke  Remove the person from the heat exposure
 Losses consciousness and cool him/her by whatever means
 Becomes disoriented available, such as putting damp sheets;
 Pulse rate suddenly becomes fast spraying with cold water; and applying
 Has warm. Red, dry skin, and body cold wet cloth or ice packs to the armpit,
temperature above 103 F neck, and groin, Fan air to increase
 Reduced sweating cooling.
 Do not give the person anything to drink if
the person is not alert or is vomiting.
 Treat the symptoms. If with seizures, keep
the person safe from injury. If vomiting,
turn the person on the side to keep airway
open.

Emergency personnel must be called immediately if:

 There is confusion, faintness, staggering, hallucinations (visions that are not real),
unusual agitation or coma.

What are some of the environmental hazards? What first aid treatment should be
administered?

Environmental Definition First Aid

Hazard

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Poison Ivy Poison ivy, poison oak, and  If the plants left some stinging hairs,
poison sumac are plants they have to be removed fast as this is
that can cause an itchy how the poison enters the body.
rash upon contact. These Various methods are used in
plants have a substance removing them such as duct tape
called the urushiol which (placing it on the area and logically
cause the rash. the hairs will stick to the tape) or
tweezers. The important thing to
remember is not to rub them, as this
will further spread the substance.
 Wash exposed area with soap and
warm water. Washing it within 10
minutes upon contact can
significantly reduce chances of
allergic reaction.
 Remove contaminated clothing, as the
oil of the plant can continue to spread
from clothing.
 Ease the itching discomfort by
applying cool compress for 15-30
minutes.
 If itchiness makes it difficult to sleep,
give oral antihistamine.

Leeches Leeches or locally called  Pulling it out is not advisable as it

“limatik” are common sights
in the Philippine forest.
Hikers usually come across
a leech already clinging and
sucking blood on their skin.
regurgitates (or “vomit back”) the
blood it has ingested or may worsen
the wound. It is important to note
that leeches when full just leave or
fall-off on their own. Usually applying
alcohol-based solution or flame
(through lighter or match stick) is a
faster way for leech to fall off.
Washing the wound it has left is the
only thing to do.

Snake Bites Snake are part of the natural  The first important thing to
environment and we have to learn of notice when one is bitten by
respecting them. However, snakes, a snake is to remember how
just like other animals, attack as the snake looked like. This
part of their defense instinct. Not all information will be helpful.
snake are venomous, in fact, The department of Health
according to World Health released important advisory
Organization (“Venomous snakes” containing basic information
2010) of the 3000 species of snake, on first aid in case of snake
only 600 are venomous. As a general bites. Please refer to the
rule, venomous snakes have a advisory below.
triangular shaped heads and
elliptical eyes (like the cat’s eye),
instead of the rounded heads of most
non-venomous snakes and round
eyes. Most venomous snakes also
have a color pattern while non-

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 venomous have one solid color. Of
course, there is always an exception
to this general description.
Drowning It is a type of suffocation induced by
the submersion or immersion of the
mouth and nose in a liquid. Most
instances of fatal drowning occur
alone or in situations where others
present are either unaware of the
victim's situation or unable to offer
assistance
According to a report presented in
the 2011 World Conference on
Drowning Prevention, eight die every
day in the Philippines due to
drowning. UNICEF survey also
showed that drowning has been
ranked as fourth leading cause of
death in the Philippines
(Sebellino,2011)
What are some of the aquatic hazards? What first aid treatment should be
administered?
Aquatic Hazard Definition
Jellyfish People stung by jellyfish,
Portuguese man-of-war, or fire
corals will experience swelling,
burning, and severe pain
 Call for help before
beginning these important
first aid emergency
measures.
 Turn the drowning person’s
head to the side to allow any
water drain from his or her
mouth and nose. Turn the
head back into the center.
 Check the breathing and
pulse. If both are not
present. Perform CPR.
 If there is pulse but no
breathing, begin mouth-to-
mouth resuscitation.
 Give two rescue breathe in
the mouth of the person as
you pinch his or her nose.
This helps air get past any
water that is clogging the
breathing passageways and
the lungs. After four strong
breathes, put your ears near
the mouth to listen and
watch the chest for signs of
breathing.
 It is important to bring
victim to a hospital even if
he/she started breathing
there might be complications
resulting from water
exposure such pneumonia,
infection, etc.
First Aid
 Get the person first out of the
water
 To stop the stinging:
a. Wash the area with seawater
(not fresh water) to deactivate
stinging cells.
b. Rinse the area with vinegar for
at least 30 seconds. If vinegar
is not available, a solution of
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 baking soda can be used. This
will be deactivated the stinging
cells.
c. Next, soak the area in hot
water for at least 20 minutes if
possible. Cold packs can be
used instead if the area cannot
be soaked in hot water.
d. To relieve itching and swelling,
use mild hydrocortisone cream
or oral antihistamine.

 Bring to the nearest medical

facility if the person exhibits
severe allergic reaction or if
the stings covers more than
half an arm or leg. If the sting
also come from a box jellyfish,
then the person needs to be
brought to the hospital
immediately. The victim may
suffer from intense pain and
experience swelling. Box
jellyfish sting can be fatal.

Sea Urchin They are typically spiny,  Sea urchin puncture and

globular animals, echinoderms in weever fish stings are treated
the class Echinoidea. About 950 in a similar way.
species live on the seabed,
 Remove large spines carefully
inhabiting all oceans and depth
zones with tweezers.
 Scrub wound with soap and
rinse with fresh water.
 Do not close the wound with
tape.

Stingray They are a group of sea rays,  To control pain, immerse the

which are cartilaginous affected area in hot water (as
fish related to sharks. hot as can be tolerated
without burning skin) for 30-
90 minutes.
 Any large spines should be
carefully removed from wound
using tweezers (avoid
touching the spine with bare
hands). Spines embedded in
or near joints or tendons must
be assessed and spines may
need to be surgically removed.
 Clean wound using soap and
fresh water, do not cover
wound.

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 What’s More

Learning Task 4: PAR-Q and YOU!

The health benefits of regular physical activity are clear; more people should
engage in physical activity every day of the week. Participating in physical activity
is very safe for most people.
With the aid of this questionnaire, it will help you tell whether it is necessary
for you to seek further advice from your doctor or a qualified exercise professional
before becoming more physically active.

Direction: Read each questions carefully and answer each one honestly. Put a
check mark on the column of your answer.
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 QUESTIONS YES NO
1. Has your doctor ever said that you have a heart condition or high blood
pressure?
2. Do you feel pain in your chest at res during your daily activities of living or when
you do physical activity?
3. Do you lose balance because of dizziness or have you lost consciousness in the
last
12months? ( Please answer NO if your dizziness was associated with over-breathing
including during your vigorous exercise?
4. Have you ever been diagnosed with another chronic medical condition (other than
heart disease or high blood pressure)?
5. Are you currently taking prescribed medications for a chronic medication
condition?
6. Do you currently have a bone, joint, or soft tissue problem that could be made
worse by becoming more physically active?

7. Has your doctor ever said that you should only do medically supervised physical
activity?
2021 PAR-Q+: The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone
Source: http://eparmedx.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ParQ-Plus-Jan-2021-
Fillable.pdf
Note:
 If you answered NO to all of the questions above, you are cleared from
physical activity.
 If you answered YES to any of the questions, get clearance from your doctor
before participating in any physical activity.

Question:
Why is it important to know one’s readiness for physical activity? Express your
idea using 3-5 sentences only.

What I Have Learned

Learning Task 5
If you are to attend whether a school camping, join a mountaineering club, or any
outdoor pursuit (after pandemic), safety practices and knowing basic first aid is a must.
1. Why is it important to follow safety practices in the outdoors?
2. What are the characteristics of a good first aider?
3. How will the skills in first aid be beneficial in engaging in outdoor recreation?

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 What I Can Do
Learning Task 6
Direction: Search an article on common injuries and illnesses encountered during outdoor
activities. You may write down, print, and paste the article into a short bond paper.
Afterward, answer briefly the following questions:
1. What are the common injuries and illnesses encountered?
2. How did the participants in the activity deal with the injuries and illnesses?
3. As an outdoor activities enthusiast, what is the impact of this article on you? 
 
Rubrics:

SKILLS 4 3 2 1
Depth of Demonstrate a Demonstrate a Demonstrate a Demonstrate a
Understanding conscious and thoughtful basic limited
thorough understanding understanding understanding
understanding of the subject of the subject of the subject
of the subject matter. matter matter. This
matter. reflection
needs revision.
Content There is one Main idea is Main idea is The main idea
clear, well- clear, but the somewhat is not clear.
focused topic. supporting clear, but there There is a
Main idea information is is a need for seemingly
stands out and general. more random
is supported supporting collection of
by detailed information. information.
information.
Conventions Spelling, Spelling, Spelling, Spelling,
(Spelling, grammar, and grammar, and grammar, and grammar, and
Grammar, punctuation punctuation punctuation punctuation
Punctuation) are accurate are mostly are fair with are poor with
and nearly accurate with some obvious frequent errors
perfect few errors errors
Organization Details are Details are Some details Many details
placed in a placed in a are not in are not in a
logical order, logical order, logical order, logical order.
and the way but the way in and this There is a little
they are which they are distracts the evidence that
presented presented reader. the writing is
effectively sometimes organized.
keeps the makes the
interest of the writing less
reader. interesting.
Focus Sharp, Apparent point No apparent Minimal
distinct, made about a point but evidence of a
controlling single topic evidence of the topic.
point made with sufficient specific topic.
about a single awareness of
topic with the task.
evident
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 awareness of
the task.

Assessment

Direction: Read each situation carefully. Analyze the injury or illness you may encounter
then identify the appropriate emergency treatment needed.

A. Mt. Makiling is one of the magnificent mountains in Laguna. It has a height of 1,090m
with a lush rainforest featuring beautiful wild flowers along the way to its summit. It has a
Trail class 3 with 4/9 Difficulty.

B. Towering at 2954 meters above sea level, Mount Apo is the highest mountain and
volcano in the Philippines. It is said to be the most interesting trail because of its width.
Despite its narrow path, this particular way to reach its peak boasts of lush vegetation
and a jungle that features the richness of an ecosystem that is home to different flaura
and fauna species. It takes couple of days to reach its summit. It entails hiking and
camping along the way. It has a Trail class 2-4 with 7/9 Difficulty.

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