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EMILIANO TRIA TIRONA MEMORIAL NATIONAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

CIVIL ENGINEERING’S PERSPECTIVE IN DRAINAGE WIDENING IN THE

COMMUNITY

A Research Paper
Presented to
Emiliano Tria Tirona Memorial High School
Integrated Senior High School
Gahak, Kawit, Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 1
(Qualitative Research)

SANTERA,JAUSTINE
MATO,APPLE N.
MENDIGORIN,SHYLA D.
VASQUEZ,ALLEN MIKHAILE A.
HERNANDEZ,JUKO ROZEL B.

APRIL 2023
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EMILIANO TRIA TIRONA MEMORIAL NATIONAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and its Setting

The problem and its context are presented in this chapter of the study. It

includes the background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of

the study, scope and limitation of the study, theoretical framework, and definition

of terms.

1.1 Background of the study

Flooding in urban areas is one of the most serious threats to human

safety. As a result of severe cyclones and heavy rainfall, flooding is a major

threat in the Philippines. Flooding risks are exacerbated by changes in land use,

such as urbanization and logging. Flooding can lead to poverty in low-income

families. It can make life more difficult for the elderly and the vulnerable; it has

psychological effects on children and adults; and it adds to the distress of people

who speak a different language. Floods in coastal areas are frequently caused

by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or a storm surge from a tropical cyclone or

tsunami. Floods can cause problems, killing people and destroying personal

property as well as critical public health infrastructure.

The number of studies on RP of natural hazards, focusing on various

aspects of flood RP, has increased in recent years. Bubeck, Botzen, and Aerts
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EMILIANO TRIA TIRONA MEMORIAL NATIONAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

(2012), Wachinger, Renn, Begg, and Kuhlicke (2013), Kellens, Terpstra, and

DeMaeyer (2013), Raska (2015), and Lechowska (2016) provide systematic

reviews (2018). This increase is due in part to a shift in flood risk management

toward a more comprehensive approach in which RP may influence an

individual's willingness to take precautionary measures and, ultimately, mitigate

flood impacts (Birkholz, Muro, Jeffrey, & Smith, 2014; Schanze, 2007). This

approach is also encouraged in national policies across Europe, based on a

combination of flood risk assessment and mitigation and a broader societal

analysis, and is reinforced by the EU Floods Directive.2007/60/EC (European

Parliament and Council of Europe, 2007) (Bradford et al., 2012). Even if flood

risk perception (RP) is not always a strong predictor of mitigation behavior

(Bubeck, Botzen, Suu, & Aerts, 2012; Miceli, Sotgiu, & Settanni, 2008), its

assessment could provide policymakers with indications of risks perceived as

high by the public. This could then serve as an indicator of the public's need for

flood risk education.

Moreover, Kawit and Noveleta are catch basins for rainwater from upland

towns, and the continued rainfall combined with the high tide level caused an

immediate rise of the water that broke down the river dikes, and the water

entered the barangays in the recent months, so this will help to explain why

drainage widening in these two municipalities is important..

This study aimed to determine civil engineers' perspectives on drainage

wadening in relation to flooding in the community. This research study aims to

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EMILIANO TRIA TIRONA MEMORIAL NATIONAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

assist residents in terms of flooding in their area. As Science and Technology

Engineering Mathematics students, we believe this research is relevant to our

field because drainage widening falls under the science and technology

category.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Generally, this study aims to explore civil engineer’s perspective towards

drainage widening in the communities of Kawit and Noveleta.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What opinions does the civil engineer have about the current drainage

system in Kawit and Noveleta?

2. What potential advantages and disadvantages of drainage widening do

civil engineers perceive?

3. How do civil engineers view the viability and sustainability of drainage

enlargement in the Kawit and Noveleta communities?

4. How do civil engineers suggest involving the community in drainage

widening projects' implementation?

5. What technical considerations do civil engineers recommend that should

be taken into account when drainage widening is implemented in the

communities of Kawit and Noveleta?

1.3 Significance of the study

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EMILIANO TRIA TIRONA MEMORIAL NATIONAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

This research will be a helping hand for the residents to acknowledge the

benefits of the project. This study is deemed beneficial to the following:

Students can reap advantages from learning about this subject matter as

they will comprehend and appreciate the positive effects it can bring to

themselves and the society. Moreover, they will recognize that they don’t need

to be anxious about floods during rainy seasons.

Teachers can likewise reap advantages from the research, just like the

pupils, as they all head to identical endpoints.

Parents can likewise take advantage of the research, similar to other

individuals, as they too lead a public life. Just like teachers, parents also engage

in work.

Future Researchers can gain advantages from this study as it has

already been explored.

1.4 Scope and Limitation of the study

This study focuses on the advantages of drainage widening in the

community of Cavite. This data collection will be conducted to the residents of

Kawit and Noveleta in the year 2023. This study will not cover other problems

that are considered unrelated to the implementation of drainage widening. all

people in the Cavite community are within the scope of this research. This study

would be done by using questionnaires and interviews with the civil engineers as
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EMILIANO TRIA TIRONA MEMORIAL NATIONAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

a survey and reference. By their insights, The researchers will know and learn

more about the advantages of the project.

1.5 Theoretical Framework

Diffusion of Innovation Theory

This theory had been discussed first time by French sociologist Gabriel

Tarde in 1903 and popularized by Everett Rogers in 1971. It argues that

invention or innovation is not solely dependent on the technological competency

itself but also the collaborative process. The perception of a new technological

advancement is reliant on the characteristic and social class of the adopters. It

urges the inventor to consider the target audience based on their current need

and market their new product based on the classification proposed in this theory.

In simple words, the innovator, in order to succeed in his commercialization

process, needs to understand the personal characteristics of his audience. The

significance of this theory become apparent once focus is placed on the

collaborative pathway as a way of diffusion in such a fragmented supply chain

within the construction industry. Secondly, the consumer driven approach in this

theory is highly applicable in the construction industry as the client appears to be

the most important actor in the supply chain. There are 5 distinct

characterization for the adopters: Innovator, Early adopter, Early majority, Late

majority, Laggards. Rogers demonstrated the proportion of each category in a

quantified measured shown in the bell curve below.

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EMILIANO TRIA TIRONA MEMORIAL NATIONAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

1.6 Definition of Terms

Natural hazards - Environmental phenomena that have the potential to

have an impact on societies and the human environment. Other types of

hazards, such as man-made hazards, should not be confused with these.

Flood risk management - entails preparing for and mitigating flooding

disasters, analyzing risk, and providing a risk analysis system to mitigate the

negative effects of flooding.

Mitigation - the process of reducing the risk of loss due to the

occurrence of any unfavorable event. This is a critical component for any

insurance company in order to avoid unnecessary losses. In general, mitigation

refers to reducing the severity of any loss or harm.

Civil engineer - an engineer who has received training or works in the

design and construction of public works (such as roads or harbors)

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