EXCRETION AND OSMOREGULATION

SECTION A: IAT PYQs

1.The glomerular filtration rate is not affected by …..

a. Increased dietary uptake of water and fluids

b. Total volume of the blood flowing per minute through the Bowman's capsule
c. Increased renin production from juxtaglomerular cells
d. Increased supply of nutrients to the blood in afferent arterioles

2. Reabsorption of which of these molecules in the kidney occurs via passive transport?

a. Urea
b. Glucose
c. Sodium ions
d. Amino acids

SECTION B: KVPY PYQs

3. Where are proximal and distal convoluted tubules located in the human body?

a. Adrenal cortex
b. Adrenal medulla
c. Renal cortex
d. Renal medulla

2. The major excretory product of birds is…..

a. Urea
b. Uric acid
c. Nitrates
d. Ammonia
3. Podocyte layers that provide outer lining to the surface of glomerular capillaries are found
in……..

a. Bowman's capsule
b. Loop of Henle
c. Renal artery
d. Ureter

4. Both gout and kidney stone formation is caused by

a. Calcium oxalate
b. Uric acid
c. Creatinine
d. Potassium chloride

5 .The Bowman's capsule, a part of the kidney, is the site of………

a. Filtration of blood constituents

b. Reabsorption of water and Glucose
c. Formation of ammonia
d. Formation of urea

6. The major nitrogenous excretory product in mammals is …..

a. Amino acids
b. Ammonia
c. Urea
d. Uric acid

7. Hemodialysis is treatment option for the patients with of

a. Kidney
b. Liver
c. Heart
d. Lungs
8. Diabetes insipidus is due to

a. Hypersecretion of vasopressin
b. Hyposecretion of insulin
c. Hypersecretion of insulin
d. Hyposecretion of vasopressin

9. A hormone molecule binds to the specific protein on the plasma membrane inducing a
signal.A protein it binds to is called

a. Ligand
b. Receptor
c. Antibody
d. Histone

10. By which of the following mechanisms is Glucose reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate
by kidney tubules

a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Active transport
d. Passive transport

SECTION C: NEST PYQs

11. Formation of various nitrogenous end products is shown in flowchart

⏬
Protein

⏬
Amino acid

⏬ ⏬ ⏬
-NH2

Ammonia Urea Uric acid

Choose the correct statement

a. Largest amount of water is needed for the efficient excretion of urea

b. Ammonia is the least toxic end product and is characteristic of aquatic habitat
c. Uric acid is the most toxic end product and associated mainly with class mammalia
d. Among the 3 excretory products , formation of ammonia is the least energetically
demanding process
12. Three features of nitrogenous excretory products ( M,N,O) of the animals are tabulated
below:

Features of MNO
excretory products

Toxicity High Very low Low

Energy cost to Low Moderate High

produce

Water Loss to High Moderate Low

excretion

The animals that excrete M,N,O as their major excretory product would be

a. M:human,N:pigeon,O:tadpole
b. M:cockroach,N:cat,O:snake
c. M:crow,N:lizard,O:dog
d. M:goldfish,N:rat,O:lizard

13. The Second half of the distal tubules and the cortical collecting tubule of kidney are equipped
with the principle and intercalated cells.Of these the principle cells reabsorb Na+ and excrete K+
and are equipped with the receptors for hormone aldoesterone.In primary hyperaldosteronism
disease,there is excess production of aldosterone which causes high blood pressure and K+
imbalance. Spironolactone, a diuretic drug, is generally used to treat these conditions. Choose the
correct option for the model of action of Spironolactone.

a. It Stimulates effect of aldosterone on Na+ excretion and K+ reabsorption

b. It inhibits effect of aldosterone on Na+ excretion and K+ reabsorption
c. It Stimulates effect of aldosterone on Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion
d. It inhibits the effect of aldosterone on Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion

14. Few statements about water reabsorption in kidney are given below:

1. Decreased production of ADH.

2. Increased osmolality of plasma.
3. Decreased permeability of kidney tubule epithelium to water.
4. Increased reabsorption of water.
The consequence(s) of dehydration in an otherwise healthy human will be.

a. Statements 1 and 3 only

b. 4 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 1,2 and 4 only

15. Desert animals need to conserve water. Kidneys regulate the concentration of salt and water
in blood through the formation and excretion of urine.A kidney is composed of approximately
one million units called as nephrons which help them survive long periods without
water.Which one of these options would be the expected modification

a. A very short collecting duct

b. A very long loop of henle
c. A very short distal tubule
d. A very large Bowman's capsule
 EXCRETION AND OSMOREGULATION
PYQS ANSWER KEY

*Numbering mistake in pyq question paper for this chapter. So consider serially.

1. D
2. B or D

KVPY
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. A
10. D
11. B
12. C

Nest
13. A
14. D
15. D
16. C
17. B