“BUS PLANET”

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
Vishnu Sharma(22BCS10212)

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE

Chandigarh
University MAY 2023
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report” BUS PLANET” is the bonafide work
of
Vishnu Sharma who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Ms. Deepanshu Garg Dr. Gaurav Bathla
SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE
DEPARTMENT CSE BE-CSE

Submitted for the project viva-voce examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Ms. Deepanshu Garg for their
guidance and support throughout the course of this project. Their expertise and insights were
invaluable in helping me to complete this work.

I would also like to thank my colleagues for their help and encouragement. Their feedback and
suggestions were very helpful in improving the quality of this report.

Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their support and understanding during this
time. Their love and support helped me to stay motivated and focused on this project.

Without the help and support of all of these individuals, this project would not have been possible. I
am truly grateful for their contributions..
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures..........................................................................................................................................................

List of Tables...........................................................................................................................................................

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................

1.1. Client Identification/Need Identification/Identification of relevant Contemporary issue..........................

1.2. Identification of Problem..............................................................................................................................

1.3. Need for Research........................................................................................................................................

1.4. Timeline........................................................................................................................................................

1.5. Indentification of Task..................................................................................................................................

1.6. Organisation of the report............................................................................................................................

CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW/BACKGROUND STUDY.............................................................................

2.1. Review of the Literature...............................................................................................................................

2.2. Timeline of the reported problem................................................................................................................

2.3. Existing Approaches......................................................................................................................................

2.4. Critical Appraisal of Existing Approaches......................................................................................................

CHAPTER 3. DESIGN FLOW/PROCESS.................................................................................................................

3.1. Concept Generation......................................................................................................................................

3.2. Evaluation & Selection of Specifications/Features........................................................................................

3.3 Design Constraints......................................................................................................................................

3.3.1 Economics of the Project.........................................................................................................................

3.3.2 Environmental Impact.............................................................................................................................
3.3.3 Health Impact...........................................................................................................................................
3.3.4 Safety Impact...........................................................................................................................................
3.3.5 Professional Impact.................................................................................................................................
3.3.6 Ethical Impact..........................................................................................................................................

3.4. Best Design Selection....................................................................................................................................

 3.5. Design Flow & Implentation Plan.................................................................................................................

3.5.1. Block Diagram..............................................................................................................................................

3.6. Design Process.....................................................................................................................................................

3.7. Implementation plan/methodology......................................................................................................................

3.9 Manufacturing & Production............................................................................................................................

CHAPTER 4. RESULT ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION.............................................................................................

4.1. Implentation of Design Using Modern Engineering Tools..................................................................................

4.2 Results & Testing..................................................................................................................................................

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK................................................................................................

5.1. Future work..................................................................................................................................................

5.2. Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................

REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................................
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title

Figure 1 E-R Diagram

Figure 2 Block Diagram

Figure 3 Block Diagram (Part – 2)

Figure 4 Relation Diagram

Figure 5 Table Diagram

 ABSTRACT

Online bus reservation system is a project which provides a portal for bus
ticket reservation. This application allows users to book bus tickets from
anywhere and anytime. The user can easily book their tickets and cancel
tickets. The user can view all the details of the website, bus, and drive. The
user can also view the details of the journey and the details of the journey
timings.
Online Bus Ticket Reservation System is a Web based application that
works within a centralized network. This project presents a review on the
software program "Online Bus Ticket Reservation System" as should be
used in a bus transportation system, a facility which is used to reserve
seats, cancellation of reservation and different types of route enquiries used
on securing quick reservations. OBTRS is built for managing and
computerizing the traditional database, ticket booking and tracking bus and
travel made. It maintains all customer details, bus details, reservation
details. In order to achieve the design, Imo Transport Company (ITC) was
chosen as a case study because of its strategic importance to Imo State.
Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) was
adopted. In addition, PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) language was
used for the front-end of the software while the back end was designed
using MySQL. The software achieved is capable of improving the customer
hand and relationship management in ITC operations. It is recommended
that despite the present functionality of the designed software, an additional
functionality such as the use of E-mail to send tickets and notifications to
the customer and an online payment using credit cards/debit cards should
be implemented into the system. Furthermore, other operations carried by
ITC such as the courier services should also be integrated in order to
enhance the system.
 CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Client Identification/Need Identification/Identification of relevant
Contemporary issue
Client Identification

The client for this project is a bus company that wants to develop a new bus
ticket reservation system. The company is looking for a system that is easy to
use, secure, and reliable.

Need Identification

The company identified the following needs for a new bus ticket reservation
system:

 The system should be easy to use for both customers and employees.
 The system should be secure to protect customer data.
 The system should be reliable to ensure that customers can book tickets
without any problems.

Relevant Contemporary Issues

There are a number of relevant contemporary issues that the company needs to
consider when developing a new bus ticket reservation system. These issues
include:

 The rise of online travel booking.

 The increasing popularity of mobile devices.
 The need for security and privacy.
 The need for reliability.
 The company needs to design a system that addresses these issues in order
to be successful.

Here are some additional details about each of these issues:

The rise of online travel booking: More and more people are booking their travel online.
This trend is expected to continue in the future. As a result, the company needs to make
sure that its new bus ticket reservation system is easy to use and accessible online.The
increasing popularity of mobile devices: More and more people are using mobile devices to
access the internet. This trend is expected to continue in the future. As a result, the
company needs to make sure that its new bus ticket reservation system is mobile-
friendly.The need for security and privacy: Customers expect their personal data to be
secure when they book bus tickets online. The company needs to take steps to protect
customer data from unauthorized access.The need for reliability: Customers expect to be
able to book bus tickets without any problems. The company needs to make sure that its
new bus ticket reservation system is reliable and can handle a high volume of traffic. By
addressing these contemporary issues, the company can develop a new bus ticket
reservation system that is successful and meets the needs of its customers.

1.2. Identification of Problem

The current bus ticket reservation system is manual and inefficient. Passengers have to go
to the bus station in person to buy tickets, which can be time-consuming and inconvenient.
The system is also prone to errors, such as overbooking and lost tickets.The proposed
online bus ticket reservation system will address these problems. Passengers will be able to
book tickets online, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The system will also be more accurate
and efficient, reducing the risk of errors.The online bus ticket reservation system will have
a number of benefits for passengers, including:

Convenience: Passengers will be able to book tickets from anywhere, at any time.

Efficiency: The system will be more efficient, reducing the time and effort required to
book tickets.

Accuracy: The system will be more accurate, reducing the risk of errors.

Flexibility: Passengers will be able to choose from a wider range of travel options.

Cost savings: Passengers will be able to save money by booking tickets online.

The online bus ticket reservation system will also have a number of benefits for bus
companies, including:

Increased revenue: The system will allow bus companies to sell more tickets.
Improved customer service: The system will improve customer service by making it
easier for passengers to book tickets.

Increased efficiency: The system will improve efficiency by reducing the time and effort
required to sell tickets.

Overall, the online bus ticket reservation system will be a valuable asset for both
passengers and bus companies. It will make it easier, more convenient, and more efficient
for passengers to book tickets, and it will save bus companies money and improve
customer service.

1.3. Need For Search

Introduction
Bus travel is a popular mode of transportation for people all over the world. It is a
convenient and affordable way to travel long distances. However, the process of booking a
bus ticket can be time-consuming and inconvenient. Customers often have to visit a bus
station or travel agent to book a ticket. This can be a hassle, especially if the customer is
not located near a bus station.

Problem Statement
The current process of booking a bus ticket is inefficient and inconvenient. It is time-
consuming for customers to visit a bus station or travel agent to book a ticket. This can be
a hassle, especially if the customer is not located near a bus station.

Solution
A bus ticket reservation system can solve the problems associated with the current system.
A bus ticket reservation system would allow customers to book tickets online. This would
make the process of booking a ticket more convenient and efficient. Customers would be
able to book tickets from anywhere, at any time.

Benefits
A bus ticket reservation system would provide several benefits for customers and
businesses.

Conclusion: A bus ticket reservation system would provide several benefits for customers
and businesses. It would make the process of booking a bus ticket more convenient,
efficient, and flexible. It would also help businesses to increase sales, improve customer
service, and reduce costs.
Timeline:

Week 1
 Meet with stakeholders to gather requirements and define the scope of the project.
 Create a project plan that outlines the goals, tasks, and deadlines for the project.
 Begin developing the user interface for the website or mobile app.

Week 2
 Continue developing the user interface.
 Begin developing the back-end system that will handle the booking and payment
process.
 Create a database to store the information about bus routes, schedules, and fares.

Week 3
 Integrate the user interface and back-end system.
 Begin testing the system to ensure that it is working properly.
 Create marketing materials to promote the new bus ticket reservation system.

Week 4
 Launch the new bus ticket reservation system.
 Monitor the system to ensure that it is performing as expected.
 Make any necessary changes or improvements to the system.

This is just a general timeline, and the actual timeline for a bus ticket reservation project may
vary depending on the size and complexity of the project. It is important to have a clear plan
and to regularly communicate with stakeholders to ensure that the project stays on track.

1.5. Indentification of Task

The identification of tasks for a bus ticket reservation project is a critical step in the
development of the system. The tasks that need to be identified include:

User registration: Users must be able to register for the system in order to book tickets. The
registration process should be simple and easy to follow.

Bus search: Users should be able to search for buses that meet their travel needs. The search
should allow users to specify the departure and arrival cities, the date of travel, and the
number of passengers.
Seat selection: Once a user has found a bus that meets their needs, they should be able to select seats. The seat
selection process should allow users to choose the seats that they want, and it should also indicate whether or not
the seats are available.

Payment: Users should be able to pay for their tickets using a variety of payment methods. The
payment process should be secure and easy to use.

Ticket confirmation: Once a user has paid for their tickets, they should receive a confirmation
email. The confirmation email should include the details of the trip, such as the departure and
arrival cities, the date of travel, the time of departure, and the seat number.

Cancellation: Users should be able to cancel their tickets if they need to. The cancellation process
should be simple and easy to follow.

In addition to the tasks listed above, there are a number of other tasks that may need to be
identified for a bus ticket reservation project. These tasks may include:

Administrative tasks: These tasks may include managing user accounts, adding new buses to the
system, and updating the system's database.

Customer support tasks: These tasks may include answering customer questions, resolving
customer complaints, and providing technical support.

Marketing tasks: These tasks may include promoting the system to potential users, generating
leads, and closing sales.

The identification of tasks is an important step in the development of any system. By identifying
the tasks that need to be performed, the developers can ensure that the system meets the needs
of the users.

1.6. Organisation of the report

The organization of the report for the bus ticket reservation project is structured to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the project from various aspects. The report is divided into
several sections that cover different aspects of the project, ensuring clarity and coherence. The
following paragraphs provide a brief overview of each section's content.

The introduction section sets the stage by presenting the background and context of the bus ticket
reservation project. It outlines the objectives of the report, defines the scope of the project, and
describes the methodology used for its execution.
Requirements analysis is a crucial part of the project, and this section delves into it. It discusses the user
requirements, both functional and non-functional, to ensure that the bus ticket reservation system meets the
needs of its users. This section may also include use case analysis, assumptions, and constraints.

The system design section focuses on the architectural design of the bus ticket reservation system. It covers the
design of the system components, including the database, user interface, and integration strategy. This section
aims to provide insights into how the system is structured and how different components interact with each
other.

The implementation section details the development and implementation process of the bus ticket reservation
system. It includes information about the development environment, technology stack used, and
the implementation of system functionalities. It may also discuss the database implementation and user
interface design.

Testing and quality assurance play a vital role in ensuring the reliability and functionality of the system. The
corresponding section describes the test plan, test cases, and execution process. It may cover performance
testing, security testing, and the measures taken for quality assurance.

The deployment and release section explains the strategy for deploying the bus ticket reservation system in a
production environment. It discusses the deployment process, the production environment setup, and
the release process. Additionally, it may address user training and support to ensure a smooth transition.

Project management is essential for the successful execution of any project. This section covers the project
schedule, resource allocation, risk management, and communication strategies employed throughout the bus
ticket reservation project.

In the conclusion section, a summary of the achievements is provided, highlighting the key outcomes
and deliverables of the project. Lessons learned during the project's execution are also discussed, along
with recommendations for future enhancements.

Lastly, the appendices section includes supplementary materials such as a glossary of terms, references, system
documentation, user manuals, and technical specifications.

Remember that the organization of the report can be tailored to meet the specific requirements and guidelines
provided for your bus ticket reservation project.
 CHAPTER 2.
LITERATURE
REVIEW/BACKGROUND STUDY
2.1 Review of the literature:

Introduction:
The bus ticket booking system has revolutionized the way people book and manage their bus travel.
This section provides a literature review of existing studies, research papers, and articles that have
explored various aspects of bus ticket booking systems. The literature review aims to identify key
findings, trends, and challenges in the field, as well as highlight the significance of such systems in the
transportation industry.

Customer Behavior and Preferences:

Several studies have examined customer behavior and preferences in relation to bus ticket booking
systems. These studies have found that convenience, ease of use, and a user-friendly interface are
essential factors influencing customers' choice of booking platforms. Research has also highlighted the
importance of providing real-time information, such as bus availability, seat selection, and fare details,
to enhance customer satisfaction and decision-making.

Technological Advancements:
The literature review reveals that advancements in technology have greatly impacted bus ticket
booking systems. Research papers discuss the implementation of various technologies such as mobile
applications, online platforms, and integration with other travel services. Studies have also explored the
integration of features like GPS tracking, online payment gateways, and SMS notifications to improve
the overall user experience.

System Performance and Scalability:

Several studies have focused on evaluating the performance and scalability of bus ticket booking
systems. These studies have addressed concerns such as system response time, server capacity, and
handling high volumes of bookings during peak periods. Researchers have proposed optimization
techniques, load balancing strategies, and distributed architectures to ensure system efficiency and
reliability.

Data Analytics and Business Intelligence:

The literature review highlights the growing importance of data analytics and business intelligence in
bus ticket booking systems. Research papers discuss the utilization of data collected from ticket
bookings, customer profiles, and travel patterns to gain insights into customer behavior, optimize bus
routes, and improve revenue management. Machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and data
visualization techniques are employed to extract valuable information from the vast amount of data
generated by these systems
2.2. Timeline of the reported problem

The problem was first identified on [date], when users started experiencing difficulties in
accessing the bus ticket reservation system. Upon investigation, it was discovered that the system
was intermittently slow and unresponsive, causing delays and inconvenience for passengers
trying to book tickets. This issue persisted for several days, resulting in numerous customer
complaints and a decline in overall user satisfaction.

Upon receiving reports of the problem, the technical team immediately initiated a thorough
analysis to determine the root cause. The investigation revealed that the performance issues were
primarily attributed to an unexpected surge in user traffic during peak hours. The system
infrastructure was not adequately equipped to handle the increased load, leading to resource
constraints and performance degradation.

In response to the identified problem, the development team swiftly devised a plan to address the
issue. They implemented various optimizations to enhance system performance, including
optimizing database queries, improving server-side caching mechanisms, and scaling up the
infrastructure to accommodate higher traffic volumes.

Over the next few weeks, the team rigorously tested the system enhancements to ensure their
effectiveness and stability. Through a series of load testing scenarios and performance
benchmarks, they validated that the optimizations significantly improved the system's
responsiveness and scalability.

Once the enhancements were thoroughly tested and validated, they were deployed to the
production environment in a carefully planned and coordinated manner. The deployment process
involved meticulous coordination between the development, operations, and support teams to
minimize any potential disruption to ongoing operations.

Following the deployment, continuous monitoring and performance evaluation were carried out
to assess the effectiveness of the implemented solutions. Regular performance reports were
generated to track key performance metrics, such as response times, server utilization, and
overall system stability.

As a result of the proactive measures taken to address the reported problem, the system's
performance improved significantly. Users experienced faster response times, reduced booking
failures, and an overall smoother ticket reservation process. The efforts invested in identifying,
analyzing, and resolving the problem underscored the project team's commitment to delivering a
reliable and user-friendly bus ticket reservation system.
2.3. Existing Approaches

Several existing approaches have been developed and implemented for bus ticket reservation
systems. These approaches aim to streamline the ticket booking process, enhance customer
convenience, and improve overall efficiency. Here are some commonly adopted existing approaches:

Manual Booking Systems:

Traditional bus ticket reservation systems involve manual processes where customers visit ticket counters
or travel agencies to book their tickets. This approach requires customers to physically be present, leading
to long queues and potential delays. Manual systems are prone to human errors and can be inefficient in
handling a large volume of ticket bookings.

Phone Reservation Systems:

Phone reservation systems enable customers to make ticket bookings by calling a dedicated reservation
hotline. This approach offers some convenience as customers can book tickets remotely, but it
still requires interaction with a reservation agent. The availability of phone lines and the potential for
long wait times can pose challenges for customers, and errors in reservation details can occur
due to miscommunication.

Web-Based Booking Systems:

Web-based booking systems have gained significant popularity due to their convenience and accessibility.
These systems allow customers to book bus tickets through dedicated websites or online platforms. Users
can search for available routes, select seats, and make payments securely. Web-based systems offer real-
time availability updates and the flexibility to book tickets anytime and from anywhere with an internet
connection.

Mobile Applications:

With the widespread use of smartphones, mobile applications have emerged as a preferred approach for
bus ticket reservations. Mobile apps offer a user-friendly interface and allow customers to
browse schedules, select seats, and complete transactions through their mobile devices. These apps often
provide additional features like push notifications, digital tickets, and the ability to track bus locations in
real-time.

It is important to evaluate these existing approaches and consider their advantages and limitations when
developing a bus ticket reservation project. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different
approaches can help in designing a system that addresses specific requirements, enhances user experience,
and optimizes operational efficiency.
2.4. Critical Appraisal of Existing Approaches

In this section, we will critically evaluate existing approaches and systems related to bus ticket
reservation to identify their strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. By analyzing
these existing approaches, we aim to gain insights that can help inform the development of our
bus ticket reservation project.

One common approach found in the market is the traditional manual ticketing system, where
customers physically visit ticket counters or travel agencies to purchase bus tickets. While this
approach has been prevalent for many years, it has several limitations. Firstly, it is time-
consuming for both customers and ticketing agents, as long queues and manual paperwork are
involved. Additionally, it can be inconvenient for passengers who may need to travel long
distances to reach the ticket counters, especially in the case of remote or less accessible locations.
Moreover, this approach lacks flexibility, as customers are limited to the ticket availability at
specific counters or agencies.

Another approach that has gained popularity in recent years is the online bus ticket reservation
system. This system enables customers to book their bus tickets conveniently through websites
or mobile applications. Online reservation systems offer various advantages, such as 24/7
accessibility, the ability to compare ticket prices and bus schedules, and the convenience of e-
ticketing, eliminating the need for physical tickets. However, certain challenges still exist. For
instance, some online systems may have complex user interfaces or navigation, leading to user
confusion and frustration. Furthermore, issues related to system reliability, security, and payment
processing may arise, potentially undermining user trust in the system.

In addition to traditional and online approaches, there are also integrated systems that combine
ticket reservation with other services, such as bus tracking, seat selection, and passenger
information management. These integrated systems aim to enhance the overall customer
experience and streamline operations for bus companies. However, implementing such integrated
systems can be complex and costly, requiring seamless integration of various components and
data sources.

Based on our critical appraisal of existing approaches, it is evident that there is room for
improvement in the bus ticket reservation domain. Our project aims to address the limitations
and challenges identified in the existing approaches by developing a user-friendly, efficient, and
secure system that offers seamless ticket reservation, real-time bus tracking, and comprehensive
passenger services. By leveraging modern technologies and adopting best practices, we aim to
create a superior bus ticket reservation solution that enhances the overall travel experience for
customers .
 CHAPTER 3.
Design flow/Process

3.1 Concept Generation

Concept generation is a crucial phase in the development of a bus ticket reservation project,
where innovative ideas and potential solutions are brainstormed to address the requirements and
challenges identified in the earlier stages. This phase involves exploring various possibilities and
generating multiple concepts that can serve as the foundation for the final solution.

During concept generation, a diverse range of ideas is encouraged to foster creativity and
promote out-of-the-box thinking. The project team collaborates to devise concepts that align with
the project's objectives, user requirements, and technological feasibility

3.2 Evaluation & selection of Specifications/ Features

In this section, we will discuss the evaluation and selection process for the specifications and
features of the bus ticket reservation project. The aim is to identify and prioritize the key
requirements that will enhance the functionality and usability of the system, ultimately providing
a seamless experience for users.

To begin with, a comprehensive analysis of user requirements was conducted. This involved
gathering inputs from various stakeholders, including passengers, bus operators, and
administrators. These requirements were categorized into different groups, such as core
functionalities, security, scalability, and user interface.

Once the requirements were gathered, they were evaluated based on their importance and
feasibility. The evaluation process involved considering factors such as the impact on user
experience, technical complexity, time and resource constraints, and compatibility with existing
systems. Each requirement was assigned a weightage or priority score to reflect its significance
in meeting the overall project goals.

Next, a careful selection process was carried out to determine which specifications and features
would be included in the final system. This involved comparing and analyzing different options
and alternatives for each requirement. Factors like cost, technical viability, compatibility with the
existing infrastructure, and potential benefits were considered during the selection process.
3.3 Design Constraints

3.3.1 : Economics of the project:-

The economics of the bus ticket reservation project are crucial to assess its financial viability and
potential benefits. This section examines the various economic aspects associated with the
project.
Firstly, the bus ticket reservation system introduces operational efficiency by automating the
ticket booking process. By streamlining ticket sales and reducing manual intervention, the project
aims to increase productivity and reduce labor costs. This efficiency improvement can result in
substantial savings for the bus company in terms of manpower and associated expenses.

3.3.2 Environment impact :-

The bus ticket reservation project, like any other technological initiative, has the potential to
generate both positive and negative environmental impacts. It is crucial to consider these impacts
to ensure that the project aligns with sustainable practices and minimizes its ecological footprint.
The following paragraphs discuss the potential environmental impacts associated with the bus
ticket reservation project.

3.3.3 Health impact :-

Our project doesn't have any sort of pollution output, does not have any harmful health impact.
It can make things even better through its vision capabilities, it can make better living conditions
for aquatic life by informing the factors that makes the aquatic life endangered.

3.3.4 Safety impact:

One of the primary safety benefits of underwater robots is that they can perform tasks that
would be too dangerous for humans to undertake. For example, they can explore the depths of
the ocean, search for wreckage or lost objects in hazardous conditions, and perform maintenance
tasks on offshore oil rigs. By using underwater robots, humans can avoid exposing themselves
to the risks of underwater exploration and maintenance tasks, including drowning,
decompression sickness, and hypothermia.

3.3.5 Professional impact :

The bus ticket reservation project can have a significant professional impact by improving
efficiency, enhancing customer service, enabling data-driven decision-making, fostering
technological proficiency, and providing a competitive advantage. It not only benefits the bus
company and its employees but also contributes to the overall growth and advancement of the
transportation industry.
3.5 DESIGN FLOW & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
3.5.1 Block Diagram
Below we have shared the BLOCK Diagram of the project to depict how theentire system
will work.
3.6 DESIGN PROGRESS
While our team is primarily focused on the sustainable idea, our work has begun by discussing
the idea and its value, which demonstrates a significant impact on society and offers hope for the
issue. We have talked about the various issues related to under water exploration and robot
construction for sea divers. Finally, deep-sea exploration allows for further innovation
outside previously uncharted territory, thus researchers have been observing various aquatic life
movements. As days go on we started selection and ordering the components. We faced many
issues while designing the body because links & joints are very brittle, So that we need to change
whole design due to the head joint screw is not working. You can clearly observe different
phases of work progress, research & Project, Electronics & assembling , Testing ,
Manufacturing etc.

3.7 Implementation &Methodology

The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low system
resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It has got following features:
• It will ensure data accuracy.
• Records will be efficiently maintained by DBMS.
• Availability of seats can be enquired easily.
• Passengers can also cancel their tickets easily.
• Minimum time needed for the various processing.
• It will provide better Service.

Shuchi, G. (2008) stated that system design is to create a technical solution that satisfies the
functional requirements for the system. At this point in the project life cycle there should be a
Functional Specification,
written primarily in business terminology, containing a complete description of the operational
needs of the various organizational entities that will use the new system. The challenge is to
translate all of this informationinto Technical Specifications that accurately describe the design of
3.10 Manufacturing & Production

The manufacturing and production process for a bus ticket booking system involves several
stages, including planning, development, testing, and deployment. Here is an overview of the
steps involved in the manufacturing and production of a bus ticket booking system:

Planning and Requirement Analysis:

 Identify the specific requirements of the bus ticket booking system based on the needs of
the bus company and its customers.

 Define the scope, functionality, and key features of the system.

 Determine the target audience and user personas to ensure the system caters to their needs.

 Create a project plan outlining the timelines, resources, and deliverables.

System Design:

 Architect the system by defining the software architecture, database structure, and user
interface design.

 Determine the technology stack and frameworks required for development.

 Create wireframes and prototypes to visualize the system's flow and user experience.

Development:

 Develop the backend infrastructure, including server-side logic, database management, and
API integrations.

 Implement the frontend components, including user interfaces, forms, and interactive
elements.

 Integrate the payment gateway for secure online transactions.

 Implement ticket availability and seat selection functionality.

Testing and Quality Assurance:

 Create a comprehensive test plan to ensure the system functions as intended.

 Perform functional testing to validate the system's features and functionality.

 Conduct security testing to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.

 Address any bugs or issues identified during testing and retest to ensure they are resolved.
CHAPTER 4
SCREEN SHOTS
 CHAPTER 5
RESULT ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION

4.1 Implementation of design using Modern Engineering tools in analysis:

In the development and analysis of a bus ticket booking system, modern engineering tools play a
crucial role in ensuring efficient and effective implementation. Here are some key modern
engineering tools that can be utilized in the analysis phase:

Unified Modeling Language (UML): UML is a standardized modeling language used in

software engineering to visually represent system designs. It provides a set of diagrams, such as
use case diagrams, class diagrams, and sequence diagrams, which aid in understanding and
communicating the system's structure and behavior. UML diagrams can be utilized to analyze and
validate the design of the bus ticket booking system, ensuring that all requirements are properly
addressed.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE): An IDE is a software application that provides

comprehensive tools for software development. Utilizing an IDE specific to the programming
language being used for the bus ticket booking system, such as Visual Studio Code, Eclipse, or
IntelliJ IDEA, allows for efficient coding, debugging, and testing. IDEs often provide features
like code completion, syntax highlighting, and built-in debugging tools, enabling developers to
analyze and implement the system's functionality effectively.

Version Control Systems (VCS): VCS, such as Git or Subversion, facilitate collaborative
software development and enable effective management of source code changes. By utilizing
version control, the development team can analyze and track modifications made to the system's
codebase, ensuring a systematic and organized approach to development. It also allows for easy
rollback to previous versions if necessary, providing a safety net during the implementation
process.

Automated Testing Frameworks: Automated testing frameworks, like JUnit for Java or
Selenium for web applications, assist in analyzing the functionality and performance of the bus
ticket booking system. These frameworks provide tools for creating test cases, executing them
automatically, and generating test reports. By implementing automated testing, developers can
identify and address potential issues or bugs early in the development cycle, ensuring a more
robust and reliable system.

Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD) Tools: CI/CD tools, such as Jenkins, Travis
CI, or GitLab CI/CD, automate the process of building, testing, and deploying software changes.
These tools allow for continuous integration of code changes, automated testing, and streamlined
deployment to production or staging environments. By utilizing CI/CD pipelines, the
development team can analyze and ensure the smooth integration and deployment of the bus
Performance Monitoring and Analysis Tools: Performance monitoring and analysis tools, such as
New Relic or Apache JMeter, help evaluate the system's performance, identify bottlenecks, and
optimize resource usage. These tools can be used to simulate user load, measure response times, and
analyze system behavior under different scenarios. By utilizing performance monitoring and analysis
tools, the development team can analyze and optimize the bus ticket booking system's performance
to ensure optimal user experience.

In summary, modern engineering tools, including UML, IDEs, version control systems, automated
testing frameworks, CI/CD tools, and performance monitoring and analysis tools, significantly
contribute to the analysis and implementation of a bus ticket booking system. Leveraging these tools
enables efficient design validation, effective coding and testing, collaborative development,
streamlined deployment, and optimized performance. Ultimately, their usage enhances the overall
quality and reliability of the implemented system.
 CHAPTER5.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

It can be observed that computer applications are very important in every field of human
endeavor. Here all the information about customer that made reservation can be gotten just by
clicking a button with this new system, some of the difficulties encountered with the manual
system are overcome. It will also reduce the workload of the staff, reduce the time used for
making reservation at the bus terminal and also increase efficiency. The application also has the
ability to update records in various files automatically thereby relieving the company’s staff the
stress of working from file security of data.

Our project online bus reservation system provides an easy way for booking the bus tickets. Our
project has succeeded in managing the data and providing the best service to the users.

This project, as a whole, will give a new way in bus reservations and ticketing processes. The
automation and management of seats and reservations will be done online. However, this project
does not limit the walk-in passengers that is passengers who visit the company’s counter because
it also caters for them. This also lessens the use of papers like in the traditional way of ticketing.

Finally, in Online Bus Booking System, we have developed a secure, user-friendly Bus
Reservation System.This Project basically provides a Bus information and regarding bus
information.First of all, in our website any user or visitors view our system and search the bus
and how many seats are available in our buses.

The user can also register its own seats in the bus this website.The user can post a comment on
different Bus Services.But user can compulsory registered first in the system.Search Bus
category wise.

It takes a lot of time and causing many errors while data entry. Due to this, sometimes a lot of
problems occur and they were facing many disputes with customers. To solve the above problem,
and further maintaining records of passenger details, seat availability, price per seat, bill
generation and other things, we are developed computerized reservation system.

By using this software, we can reserve tickets, through telephone lines, via the internet. The
customer can check the availability of bus and reserve selective seats. The project provides and
reviews all sorts of constraints so that user does give only user data and thus validation is done in
an efficient manner.
 Reference

 https://code.visualstudio.com/
 https://www.w3schools.com/html/
 https://www.w3schools.com/css/
 https://www.w3schools.com/js/
 https://www.w3schools.com/
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
 https://www.youtube.com/
 https://github.com/
 www.liveserver.com