Unit 1

1 Research is

Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem

2 Application of scientific method in finding for truth about business phenomenon is called

Business research

3 Which of the following statement is wrong about the research

None of these

4 Which of the following is not the characteristic of a researcher?

Incurious

5 Marketing department of a business organization carries out researches related to:

All the Above

6 Exploratory research is used to gain a deeper understanding of the issue or problem that is troubling
the decision maker

TRUE

7 Research study might not always begin with a hypothesis

TRUE

8 Conclusive research is especially carried out to test and validate the study of hypotheses

TRUE

9 The data collection methods may be classified in to ___________ data methods.

Primary and Secondary

10 A causal study is one that _____.

Attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another

Unit 2
1 A good quantitative problem statement:

All of the above

2 Sources of researchable problems can include:

All of the above

3 Every research proposal, regardless of length should include two basic sections. They are:
Research question and research methodology

4 The purpose of the research proposal is:

To be informative and persuasive that wil convince the reader to do something.

5 A proposal is also known as a:

All of the above

6 Any assumption that the researcher makes on the probable direction of the results that might be
obtained on completion of the research process is termed as a hypothesis.

TRUE

7 According to Grinnell (1993) ‘A hypotheses is written in such a way that it can be proven or disproven
by valid and reliable data— it is in order to obtain these data that we perform our study’.

TRUE

8 The research proposal provides an opportunity to identify any shortfalls in the logic or the assumption
of the study.

TRUE

9 A __________________ is written in such a way that it can be proven or disproven by valid and
reliable data

Hypothesis

10 The ____________ is the hypothesis used in hypothesis testing that is contrary to the null hypothesis.

Alternative hypothesis

Unit 3

1 What is research design?

Arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data

2 What is a cross-sectional design?

The collection of data from more than one cases at one moment in time.

3 If a study is “reliable”, this means that:

The measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions.

4 “Internal validity” refers to:

Whether or not there is really a causal relationship between two variables.

5 The term ‘external validity’ is concerned with:

The question of whether the results of a study can be generalized beyond the specific research
context.

6 The main strength of longitudinal research is the capacity that it has to study change and
development.

TRUE

7 Positivism focuses on the subjective meaning of the subject under investigation.

FALSE

8 Focus group discussions technique is originally from sociology which actively used in business research

TRUE

9 The Research Method is the technique to collect ______required to answer the research problem.

The Data

10 The execution details of the research question to be investigated are refer to as the___________

Research Design

Unit 4
1 A study is based on 30 people (across three focus groups). What type of study is this?

Qualitative study.

2 A study is based on 1000 people interviewed face to face in shopping centres. What type of study is
this?

Questionnaire study.

3 Which one of the following is a data collection method?

The interview.

4 The contact method that minimizes interviewer bias is:

Mail

5 If time is of the essence for a research project, the preferred contact method is:

Telephone

6 There are only two types of data:Primary and Seondary

TRUE

7 The researcher has access to two major sources of data: original as in primary data or secondary data.

TRUE

8 Source of data placed outside the organization is termed external data source.

TRUE

9 A focus group discussion generally involves a ______________________ who steers the discussion on
the topic under study .

Moderator

10 Observing the remains or the leftovers of the consumers’ basket is referred to as

________________________ .

Trace analysis

Unit 5
1 Type of rating scale which represents response of respondents by marking at appropriate point is
classified as

Graphic rating scale

2 Scale which is used to determine ratios equality is considered as

Ratio scale

3 Scale which categorize events in collectively exhaustive manner and mutually exclusive manner is
classified as

Nominal scale

4 Measurement scale in which values are categorized to represent qualitative differences and ranked in
meaningful manner is classified as

Ordinal scale

5 Measure of how well is a technique, concept or process is considered as

Validity

6 Paired comparison scaling is useful when the number of brands is large, because it requires direct
comparison and overt choice.

TRUE

7 In constant scaling, if an attribute is twice as important as some other attribute, it receives twice as
many points.

TRUE
8 It is the obligation of the researcher to obtain data that are most appropriate, given the research
questions to be answered.

TRUE

9 The rankings of teams in a tournament constitute a _____ scale.

Ordinal

10 In business research, attitudinal data obtained from rating scales are often treated as _____ data.

Interval

Unit 6
1 Suppose you are doing a survey in which sample quality and precision are of utmost importance, and
you need to ask some critical open-ended questions. Which survey mode would work best?

Face-to-face interview

2 Planning a survey involves two concurrent activities: construction of the survey instrument and
---------------.

Selection of the sample.

3 The schedule used to measure the attitude or opinion is known as

Rating Schedule

4 What is your age? This is which type of question?

Open-ended Question

5 Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as

Mall Intercept interview

6 The non-formalized concealed questionnaire is the most frequently used questionnaire.

TRUE

7 Interviewer bias is highest in a telephonic survey.

FALSE

8 Qualifying questions are also termed as filter questions.

TRUE

9 A ____________is a written instrument used to obtain information from study subjects.

Questionnaire
10 A telephone interview survey tends to have a higher response rate than a __________ study and
shorter answers to open-ended questions than a __________ study.

Mailed questionnaire,Face-to-face interview

Unit 7

1 Interviewing all members of a given population is called:

A Census.

2 Which ONE of the following classifications contains divisions with the labels A, B, C1, C2, D and E?

Socio-economic classes.

3 Sampling means following a sequence of stages. Which ONE of the following stages should come
before the others?

Examine the objective of the study.

4 Which ONE of these sampling methods is a probability method?

Simple random

5 For sampling, which ONE of the following should be up-to-date, complete and affordable?

A sampling frame

6 A perfect representative sample is one that exactly represents the population from which it is taken.

TRUE

7 Simple random sampling involves you selecting the sample at random from the sampling frame using
either random number tables,either manually or by using computer.

TRUE

8 Quota sampling means simply that the research manager gives an interviewer a target of completing
100 interviews.

TRUE

9 The process of selecting the right individuals, _________ for a study is known as sampling

Objects or events

10 An element comprises a_________ of the population.

Single member

Unit 8

1 10–15 years; 16–20 years; 21 years and beyond is an example of:

Inclusive class interval

2 Numerical data, like the ratio scale data, can be classified into:

Class intervals

3 What you call process of identifying and denoting a numeral to the responses given by a respondent.

Coding

4 Coding scheme for all the variables under study is called

Code Book

5 From the following which is the Standard format for signifying missing value in double column variable

09

6 The smallest code entry a researcher makes in a code book is a field.

TRUE

7 Several fields together can be clubbed into a record.

TRUE

8 In a data matrix, every column represents a single case.

FALSE

9 In case the question is like likert type question and it has agreement/ disagreement on five point scale,
the number of corresponding columns in the code book would be _____________.

One

10 Going back to the respondent to check any errors during questionnaire administration is known as
_____________________ .

Backtracking

Unit 9

1 The standard deviation is:

All of the above

2 The most frequently occurring number in a set of values is called

Mode

3 The positive square root of the variance is called---------.

Standard deviation.

4 Except Nominal,which measure of central tendency can be calculated for all the scales?

Median
5 In a grouped frequency distribution, the intervals should be what?

Both A and B

6 The coefficient of variation as a measure of dispersion is independent of units of mesurement

TRUE

7 The range could be obtained from interval scale data

TRUE

8 The coefficient of variation may be computed for interval scale data.

FALSE

9 As a general rule, the _______ is the best measure of central tendency because it is more precise.

Mean

10 Non-overlapping categories or intervals are known as ______.

Mutually exclusive

Unit 10

1 A Type II error is the error of

Accepting Ho when it is false

2 In a criminal trial, a Type II error is made when:

A guilty defendant is acquitted (set free)

3 In a two-tail test for the population mean, if the null hypothesis is rejected when the alternative is
true, then:

A correct decision is made

4 In a one-tail test for the population mean, if the null hypothesis is not rejected when the alternative
hypothesis is true, then:

A Type II error is committed

5 Which of the following p-values will lead us to reject the null hypothesis if the significance level of the
test if 5%?

0.025

6 A null hypothesis is denoted by H0.

TRUE

7 The alternative hypotheses are denoted by H1.

TRUE
8 A test is called one-sided (or one-tailed) only if the null hypothesis gets rejected when a value of the
test statistic falls in one specified tail of the distribution.

TRUE

9 In hypothesis testing, the hypothesis which is tentatively assumed to be true is called the
_____________________

Null hypothesis

10 When the null hypothesis has been true, but the sample information has resulted in the rejection of
the null, a _________ has been made.

Type I error

Unit 11

1 What type of data do you need for a chi-square test?

Categorical

2 How many variables do you need to run a one-sample chi-square analysis?

You should only have 1

3 What is the purpose of a goodness-of-fit test?

To assesses whether the central tendency, variability and distribution of sample is different from that
of the population

4 How many cases(count/frequency) need to appear in one category for chi-square?

5 How can you deal with low expected values?

You can increase your sample size or combine categories

6 For the application of a chi-square test, the expected frequency in each cell should have frequency
should not be less than five

TRUE

7 The sample value of the chi-square can be negative.

FALSE

8 In a cross-table, where chi-square test is applied, the null hypothesis is that the two variables are
associated

TRUE

9 Positive value of correlation means two associated variable are_______

Positively correlated
10 Problems of heteroscedasticity is likely to be more common in___________

Cross-sectional data

Unit 12

1 A technique used to compare means of two or more samples (using the F distribution).

Analysis of variance

2 A technique that compares the mean of two or more groups based on one independent variable (or
factor)

One-way ANOVA

3 One-way ANOVA is used when:

Analyzing the difference between more than two population means

4 What is the function of a post hoc test in ANOVA?

Describe those groups that have reliable differences between group means.

5 In one-way ANOVA, which of the following is used within the F-ratio as a measurement of the variance
of individual observations?

MSE

6 In one-way ANOVA, both the dependent and the independent variables have metric measurements

FALSE

7 The equality of variances between the sample and within the samples is compared using an F statistic
in one-way ANOVA.

TRUE

8 In a two-way analysis of variance, the effect of the extraneous factors is removed from the value of the
error sum of squares as obtained in a one-way analysis of variance.

TRUE

9 The ________ sum of squares measures the variability of the sample treatment means around the
overall mean.

Treatment

10 In factorial design, if there are two independent variables each having three cells, there would be a
total of ------------------ conditions.

NINE

Unit 13
1 The strength (degree) of the correlation between a set of independent variables X and a dependent
variable Y is measured by

Coefficient of Correlation

2 The percent of total variation of the dependent variable Y explained by the set of independent
variables X is measured by

Coefficient of Determination

3 A coefficient of correlation is computed to be -0.95 means that

The relationship between two variables is strong and but negative

4 Let the coefficient of determination computed to be 0.39 in a problem involving one independent
variable and one dependent variable. This result means that

39% of the total variation is explained by the independent variable

5 Relationship between correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination is that

The coefficient of determination is the coefficient of correlation squared

6 When using simple linear regression analysis, if there is a strong correlation between the independent
and dependent variable, then we can conclude that an increase in the value of the independent variable
causes an increase in the value of the dependent variable.

FALSE

7 The residual is the difference between the observed value of the dependent variable and the
predicted value of the dependent variable.

TRUE

8 In a simple linear regression model, the correlation coefficient not only indicates the strength of the
relationship between independent and dependent variable, but also shows whether the relationship is
positive or negative.

TRUE

9 Simple linear correlation measures the degree of --------------------between two variables.

Association

10 If the scatter of points is clustered around a positively sloped line, the correlation will
be--------------------------------

Positive

Unit 14

1 The variables or parameters used to cluster and calculate the similarity between objects

Cluster analysis
2 The average values of the objects on all variables in the cluster variate

Cluster centroid

3 The mean value of the cluster on each of the variables that is part of the cluster variate.

Final cluster centres

4 Cluster seeds or centres are the starting points and one builds individual clusters around it based on
some pre-specified distance of the seeds.

Non-hierarchical methods

5 Which method is a data reduction method.

Factor analysis

6 The percentage of variance explained by each of the factor can be computed using communalities.

FALSE

7 Discriminant analysis is used to predict group membership.

TRUE

8 Eigenvalue is given by the ratio of between-group variance to within-group variance.

TRUE

9 The correlation coefficient between a variable and a factor is called------------.

Factor Loading

10 For the application of factor analysis, KMO statistics should be greater than --------

0.5

Unit 15

1 What is rhetoric?

The attempt to persuade or convince an audience, often through writing.

2 Which of the following is not usually found in a report of a quantitative study?

Confession

3 The introductory section of a research report should aim to:

All of the above.

4 What is the purpose of the conclusion in a research report?

It summarizes the key findings in relation to the research questions.

5 In a report of quantitative research, an empiricist repertoire serves to:

Give the impression that the results were objective and logically inevitable.

6 Use words for numbers that begin a sentence and for numbers that are below ten.

TRUE

7 You should try to use abbreviations sparingly.

TRUE

8 Diagrams, matrices, tables, and figures should never be used in qualitative research reports.

FALSE

9 The___________is a concrete proof of the study that was undertaken.

Research report

10 When the objective is to demonstrate trends and some sort of pattern in the data, ___________ a is
the best option available to the researcher

Line chart

Email
1_______________ is a very useful method to reduce a large number of variables resulting in data
complexity to a few manageable factors.

Factor Analysis

2 _____________________ data is not always specific to the research problem under study.

Secondary

3 _____________________ data is not always specific to the research problem under study.

Secondary

4 _________involves the testing of the equality of means of two or more groups.

ANOVA

5 ________ , the openness refers to the option of answering in one’s own words.

In open-ended questions
6 ___________ both the question and response formats are structured and defined.

In closed-ended questions

7 ____________ requires a structured and logical path so that the effort of collecting information using
the questions is meaningful.

Questionnaire

8 _________________ involves a statement that says there is no difference between two groups that
the researcher compares on a certain variable.

Null Hypothesis

9 ___________________ is a data reduction method.

Factor analysis

10 A ____________ is a written instrument used to obtain information from study subjects.

Questionnaire

11 A census taker often collects data through which of the following?

Interviews

12 Evaluation research is concerned with

How well are we doing?

13 The data of research is

Both (a) and (b)

14 What is the main goal of Descriptive research ?

Describe the data and characteristics about what is being studied

15 In hypothesis testing, the hypothesis which is tentatively assumed to be true is called the
_____________________.

Null hypothesis

16 In multiple item scale there are _______ that play an important role in forming the underlying
construct that the researcher is trying to measure.

Many Items

17 Initial cluster centres in the non-hierarchical clustering that are the initial points from which one
starts. Then the clusters are created around these seeds. It is called as _________

Cluster seeds

18 Interviewing all members of a given population is called:

A census.

19 Kellogg seeks to determine consumer believability towards it’s products’ health claims. The most
appropriate technique for this purpose is

Survey

20 Marketing department of a business organization carries out researches related to:

7Ps

21 Non-comparative scales data are generally assumed to be:

Interval or ratio scaled

22 Non-overlapping categories or intervals are known as

Mutually exclusive
23 Research helps in _____________, especially in business.

Decision making

24 Research design strategy encompasses all of the components below except _____.

Data analysis

25 The goal of a formal study is to _____

Test hypotheses

26 All of the following are possible goals of an exploratory study except _____.

Test hypotheses

27 A causal study is one that _____.

Attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another

28 Conclusive research is especially carried out to __________ the study of  hypotheses.

Test and validate

29 The data collectionmethods may be classified in to ___________  data methods.

Secondary and primary

30 ________is not the characteristic of a researcher

“Curious “

31 A good qualitative problem statement:

Conveys a sense of emerging design

32 Sources of researchable problems can include: 

All of the above

33 Every research proposal, regardless of length should include two basic sections. They are:

Research question and research methodology

34 The purpose of the research proposal is:

Choice 1) is incorrect

35    A proposal is also known as a:

All of the above

36 ut of following, presents a problem, discusses related research efforts, outlines the data needed for
solving the data and shows the design used to gather and analyze the data.

Research Proposal

37 according to the marketing director of a frozen food marketer, “we need to determine why our
coupon redemption rate dropped from 20 % last month to 5 % this month.” This statement outlines the
firm’s

   Issue (problem ) definition

38 The first step in the research process is the:

Definition of the problem and research objectives

39 _______________________ are the ones that have a strong effect on the relationship between the
independent and dependent variables.

Moderating variables
40 Any assumption that the researcher makes on the probable direction of the results that might be
obtained on completion of the research process is termed as a/an :

Hypothesis

41 A ____________________ must be formulated in simple, clear and declarative form.

Hypothesis

42 “A ______________________ is a conjectural statement based on the existing literature and theories

about the topic and not based on the gut feel of the researcher. “

Hypothesis

43 _________________ involves a statement that says there is no relationship between two groups
that the researcher compares on a certain variable.

Null Hypothesis

44 The _________________ also may state that there is no significant difference when different groups
are compared with respect to a particular variable.

Null hypothesis

45 The ____________________ might be generated by students or academicians pursuing the study for
fundamental academic research

Academic research proposal

46 The ______________________ are conducted within an organization and are submitted to the
management for approval and funding.

Internal organizational proposals

47 ___________________ have their basis or origin within the company but the scope and nature of the
study requires a more structured and objective research.

External organizational proposals

48 ____________________ is a broad overview that gives the purpose and objective of the study.

Executive Summary

49 In a short paragraph the author gives a summary about the management problem/academic concern
it is called as _________________ ______________.

Executive Summary

50 A____________________ is a comprehensive collection of the information obtained from published

and unpublished sources of data in the specific area of interest to the researcher

Literature review

51 “ The _____________ of the hypothesis would necessarily involve testing the statistical significance
of the hypothesized relation. “

Validation

52 A __________________ is written in such a way that it can be proven or disproven by valid and
reliable data

Hypotheses

53 _______________ includes specifying the population to be studied, the sampling process and plan,
sample size and selection.

Research Design

54 what is research design

Arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data

55 If a study is “reliable”, this means that:

The measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions.

56 “Internal validity” refers to:

Whether or not there is really a causal relationship between two variables.

57 The term ‘external validity’ is concerned with:

The question of whether the results of a study can be generalized beyond the specific research
context.

58 What is a cross-sectional design?

The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time.

59 Survey research is cross-sectional and as a result, it is

Low in internal validity but high in replicability.

60 What does the term ‘longitudinal design’ mean?

A study completed over a distinct period of time to map changes in social phenomena.

61 Why is it important to have well formulated research questions?

All of the above.

62 Which of the following should be included in a research proposal?

Your choice of research methods and reasons for choosing them.

63 Numerical data, like the ratio scale data, can be classified into _____________________

Class Intervals

64 Positive value of correlation means two associated variable are_______

Positively correlated
65 Problems of heteroscedasticity is likely to be more common in___________

Cross-sectional data

66 Ratio scales are like

Interval scales with a true zero points

67 Relationship between correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination is that

The coefficient of determination is the coefficient of correlation squared

68 What is a primary source?

A source created at the time of an event by an individual who was there

69 There are how many primary scales of measurement?

70 What is the purpose of the conclusion in a research report?

It summarizes the key findings in relation to the research questions.

71 What symbol is used to represent chi-square?

Χ2

72 What test statistic is used for a global test of significance?

F test

73 Which of the following is not the characteristic of a researcher?

He is not versatile in his interest and even in his native abilities

74 Research in which the researcher uses the qualitative paradigm for one phase and the quantitative
paradigm for another phase is known as……..

Mixed method research

75 Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?

Identification of problem

76 Action research means

A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

77 The essential qualities of a researcher are

All the above

78 A residual is defined as:

Y−Ŷ

79 A statistical test used to determine the effect of two nominal predictor variables on a continuous
outcome variable is called as ______________________.

Two-way ANOVA

80 A problem identification must be formulated in simple, clear and declarative form.

FALSE

81 Analysis of variance is a statistical method of:

Comparing the means of several populations.

82 Any numerical value calculated from sample data is called:

Statistic

83 Any variable that can be stated as influencing or impacting the dependent variable is referred as

Independent variable

84 Application of scientific method in finding for truth about business phenomenon is called:

Business research

85 State True or False.Arrangement of data according to some logical pattern is called as Data
Tabulation

TRUE

86 Cross cultural studies are an example of:

Comparative design

87 For sampling, which ONE of the following should be up-to-date, complete and affordable?

A sampling frame.

88 How many dependent variables are used in multiple regression?

One

89 If time is of the essence for a research project,out of the following which is the preferred contact
method is:

Telephone

90 State True or False.In hypothesis testing, the hypothesis which is tentatively assumed to be true is
called the null hypothesis.

TRUE
91 In multiple item scale there is single item that play an important role in forming the underlying
construct that the researcher is trying to measure.

FALSE

92 Initial cluster centres in the non-hierarchical clustering that are the initial points from which one
starts. Then the clusters are created around these seeds. It is called as:

Cluster seeds

93 --------involves the testing of the equality of means of two or more groups.

ANOVA

94 A residual is defined as

Y−Ŷ

95 A___________________ must be formulated in simple, clear and declarative form.

Hypothesis

96 Analysis of variance is a statistical method of comparing the ________ of several populations.

Means

97 Any numerical value calculated from sample data is called

Statistic

98 Any variable that can be stated as influencing or impacting the dependent variable is referred as:

Independent variable

99 Application of scientific method in finding for truth about business phenomenon is called

Business research

100 Arrangement of data according to some logical pattern is called as ___________________

Data Tabulation

101 Generally the data of the research is

Both of the above

102 Research can be conducted by a person who:

Has studied research methodology

40 Mark’s assignment
1 which is good qualitative problem statement
Defines the independent and dependent variables
2 Choose sources of Researcable problem which include
Research experience, practical issues that required
solutions, theory and past research
3 select a proposal is also known as a
Worklpan, it’s prospects and outline
4 what is research design
Arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of
data
5 what is research
Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any
problem
6 application of scientific method in related to finding for
truth about business phenomenon is called
Business research
7 which of the following statements is correct about the
research
The research has been carried out for invention
8 which of the following is not the characteristics of a
research?
He is not versatile in his intrest and even in his native
abilities
9 Marketing department of a business organization
carries out researchers related to
All three P's product, pricing, promotion
10 research in which the research uses the qualitative
paradigm for one phase and the qualitative paradigm for
another phase is known as
Mixed method research
11 which of the following is the first step in starting the
research process
Identification of problem
12 select the meaning of action research
A research with socioeconomic objective
13 what are the essential qualities of a research are
Systematization Or theorizing of knowledge
14 generally the data of the research is related to
Qualitative and qualitative
15 the research method is the technique to collect ___
required to answer the research problem
The information
16 Select the execution details of the research question
to be investigated are refer to as the ____
Research design
17 research designs come ____ the problem formulation
stage
After
18 previously collected findings in fact and figures which
have been authenticated and published are referred to
as
Secondary data sourse
19 ____ validity refers to generalization of the sample
result to that of the population
Data
20 in true experimental design researchers can randomly
assign ___ to an experimental group
Randomization design
21 statistical designs allow for __ of external variables
Statical control and analysis
22 the complete randomized design is used when a
researcher is investigating the effect of ___ variable
Department variable
23 hypothesis testing and estimation are both types of
descriptive statistics
False
24 choose a set of data organized in a participants (rows)
by variable (columns) format is known as data set
True
25 descriptive analysis refers to transformation of raw
data that will facilitate easy understanding and
interpretation
True
26 whether the median can be computed for ratio
interval Or ordinal scale data
True
27 explain if the media is the value in the distribution
such that 50 per cent of the observations are below it
and 50 per cent Are above it
True
28 relate if the mode is that measure of central tendency
which is appropriate for nominal or higher order scales
True
29 agree whether the measures of Central tendency
locate of the distribution
True
30 median can be computed for ordinal scale data
False

Text book
Unit 1:
1. The researcher who is conducting the research must
be objective and neutral in approach.
2. Research always requires a structured and sequential
method of enquiry.
3. Research is done for proving existing theories of
arriving at new models.
4. An important aspect of business research is its
decision assisting nature.
5. The assumption about the expected result of a
research is called the Hypothesis.
6. The data collection method may be classified into
primary and secondary data methods.
7. The research study must follow a Sequential plan for
investigation.
8. One of the most important aspects of a research study
is that it must be Replicable if one
follows similar conditions.
9. Applied research is the kind of research where one
needs to apply specific statistical
procedure - False.
10. In basic research, the context is vast, and the time
period is flexible - True.
11. Every research study always begins with a hypothesis
False.
12. The group of individuals from whom one needs to
collect data for the study is called the
sample - True.
13. The research that is especially carried out to test and
validate the study hypotheses is Termed
Conclusive research.
14. The research studies that explore the effect of one
thing on another and more specifically, the effect if one
variable on another are know as
Causal research.
15. Marketing department of a business organization
carries out researches related to product,
All of the above .
16. Demand forecasting, and quality assurance and
management are part of
production and operations management.

Unit 2:
17. The management decision problem must be reduced
to a Research problem.
18. A research problem can be defined as A Gap in the
decision makers existing body of knowledge which
inhibits efficient decision making.
19. Simple research problems usually test Linear
relationship.
20. Complex problems look at the interrelationship
between Multiple variables.
21. The management problem is a difficulty faced by the
decision maker.
22. The causal variable is also called Independent
variable.
23. The Dependent variable is also called the effect.
24. The hypothesis that talks about relation between two
more variables is called Relational hypothesis.
25. If one is making a proposition about the magnitude or
behavior of a particular population, we call it a
Descriptive hypothesis.
26. The management decision problem can be tested,
that is, subjected to research enquiry -
False.
27. A valuable source of problem formulation is based on
informal interviews conducted with
industry experts - True.
28. Formulation of the research problem does not
require primary data collection - False.
29. If one evaluates the impact of the pedagogy of Prof.
N.S. on the research method course grades of students,
then Prof. N.S, here is the unit of analysis - False.
30. Moderating variables are the ones that have a strong
effect on the relationship between the independent and
dependent variables - True
31. The hypotheses are always made in question form -
False.
32. The hypotheses must be measurable and
quantifiable – true.
33. Academic proposals require extensive literature
review – True
34. External organizational proposals are generally
conducted by external research agencies –
True
35. Which of these is not a step in the problem
identification process?
Management decision making
36. The publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (2001) and the Chicago
Manual of Style (1993) are:
Referencing style guides in management.
37. A formal document that presents the research
objectives, design of achieving these Objectives and
the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study is
called
ResearchProposal.

38. In a research proposal, the time-bound

dissemination of the study with the major phases of
The research has to be presented using the CPM,
GANNT charts, PERT charts.
All the above
Unit 3:
39. The execution details of the research question
to be investigated are referred to as the
Research design.
40. Research designs come After the problems
formulation stage.
41. Previously collected findings in facts and figures
which have been authenticated and Published are
referred to as
Secondary data sources.
42. A carefully selected small set of individuals who
are representatives of the larger Respondent
population under study is called a
Sample.
43. External validity refers to generalization of the
sample results to that of the population.
44. Research design is the same as research method
– True/ False.
45. The case study method is generally focused on a
single unit of analysis – True/ False.
46. Expert opinion survey and respondent group
discussions together form a two-tiered Research
design – True/ False.
47. A research study that tracks the profile of a
typical social networking user is an example of
An exploratory research design – True/ False.
48. If one wants to assess changes in investment
behavior of general public over time, the best
Design available to the researcher is a longitudinal
design – True/ False.
49. A study to analyze the profile of the supporters
of Anna Hazare would need a cross-Sectional
research design – True/ False.
50. Married couples are the unit of analysis is a
cohort analysis – True/ False.
51. Different groups of people tested over a single
stretch of time are a special characteristicOf a
longitudinal design – True/ False.
52. The research variable in a longitudinal research
design is studied over fixed intervals in time
True/ False.
53. Descriptive designs do not require any
quantitative statistical analysis – True/ False.
54. Test units are selected at random in quasi-
experimental design – True/ False.
55. There cannot be more than two interdependent
variables in a factorial experiment – True/ False.
56. There is no possibility of error in true
experimental research design – True/ False.
57. In true experimental design and statistical
design, the respondents are selected at random
Which may not be the case in real life - True/ False.
Unit 4:
58. The data that is always collected first in a
research study is called Primary data.
59. Secondary data is not always specific to the
research problem under study.
60. Cash register receipt is an example of Internal
secondary data sources.Customer grievance data
available with the company is an important source
of Secondary data.
62. Statistical abstracts of India are prepared by
Central Statistical Organization.
63. The Ministry of Planning prepares the National
Sample Survey (NSS).
64. A focus group discussion generally involves a
Moderator who steers the discussion on the Topic
under study.
65. Online focus groups are conducted in Web-
based chatrooms.
66. The interview method is a one to one
interaction between Investigator/ Interviewer and
the Interviewee.
67. The Unstructured interview has no defined
guidelines
68. When interviews are conducted with the help of
a computer, they are called
Computer-Assisted personal interviewing (CAPI).
69. Census data is an example of primary data
source – True/ False.
70. Sampling frame of the respondent population is
an example of secondary data – True/ False.

71. Primary data methods have a significant time

and cost advantage over secondary data –True/
False.
72. Poor’s Statistical Services are a government
publication on the people below the poverty Line –
True/ False.
73. Syndicate sources are periodic in nature – True/
False.
74. In case one wants to know why some people
use plastic bags for carrying their groceriesEven
after the imposition of a ban on plastic bags by the
Delhi government, one may use The observation
method to collect the data – True/ False.
75. Usually the observation method entails that the
observation is disguised, i.e. carried out Without
respondent’s knowledge – True/ False.
76. Observation is a direct method of collecting
Primary data.

77. Observing the remains or the leftovers of the

consumers basket is referred to as
Trace Analysis.
78. The ideal number of participants in a focus
discussion is
8-12.
79. Special respondent sub-strata who are
passionately involved with a brand or product
Category are known as
Brand-obsessive group.
Unit 5:
80. The Ratio scale measurement has a neutral
zero.
81. The difference between the score on Ordinal
scale does not have meaningful Interpretation.
82. The Likert scale is a balanced rating scale with
an Odd.
83. In Constant sum rating scale, if an attribute is
twice as important as some other attribute it
Receives twice as many points.
84. The Sensitivity of a scale can be increased by
adding more number of questions to it.
85. The arithmetic mean cannot be computed for
ordinary scale data – True/ False.
86. Branded shirts are more expensive than
unbranded shirts – this is an example of affective
Components – True/ False.
87. Coding and analysis of attitudinal data obtained
through the use of pure graphic rating Scale can be
done very quickly – True/ False.
88. A comparative rating scale attempts to provide a
common frame of reference to all Respondents –
True/ False.
89. A Likert scale is a single item scale – True/ False.
90. A scale is said to be valid if it measures what it is
supposed to measure – True/ False.
91. A scale is said to be reliable if it is free from
systematic errors – True/ False.
92. A typical Likert scale comprises about 25-30
statements.
93. Predictive validity involves the ability of
measured phenomenon at one point of time to
Predict another phenomenon at a future point of
time.
Unit 6:
94. The questionnaire can be used to collect
Primary data from a sample of subjects.
95. The questionnaire method follows a
predetermined Sequence.
96. Exploratory studies should most often make use
of the Unstructured interview method.
97. The questionnaire should Encourage the
meaningful respondent and result in a meaningful
response.
98. In case the population under study is widely
scattered, one makes use of the Questionnaire.
99. In case the population is illiterate, it is best to
use the Schedule.
100. The chance of researcher bias is very low in the
questionnaire method.
101. The formalized-unconcealed questionnaire is
the most difficult to interpret – True/ False.
102. The process of questionnaire design is called
the schedule – True/ False.
103. The non-formalized, concealed questionnaire is
the most frequently used questionnaire –True/
False.
104. Interviewer bias is very high in a telephonic
interview – True/ False.
105. Qualifying question are also termed as filter
question – True/ False.
106. ‘Are you vegetarian? -Yes/No’ is an example of
open-ended question – True/ False.
107. ‘Do you sing and dance?’ Is an example of
double barreled question – True/ False.
108. ‘Do you not think that all fairness creams make
false claims? Yes/No’ is an example of a Loaded
question – True/ False.
109. Sampling control is highest in
Schedule.
110. The most cost-effective questionnaire
administration method is through
Web-based.
111. Response rate is highest in a
Schedule.
# One of them?
Applicable to all sections of society
112. If the investigator distributes the questionnaire
to his friends and acquaintances or if there is A self-
selection of the subjects, it could lead to
Skewed sample response.

Unit 7:

113. The criteria for stratification should be related

to the Objectives of the study.
114. Only the initial sample unit is chosen randomly
in a Systematic sampling.
115. For an 80 percent confidence, the value of ‘Z’
would be 1.645.
116. The most commonly used approach for
determining the size of sample is the Confidence
Interval approach covered under inferential
statistics.
117. The size of the sample is directly proportional
to the Variability in the population and the Value of
Z for a confidence interval.
118. The difference between the sample result and
the result obtained through a census using The
identical procedure is known as sampling error –
True/ False.
119. A population which is being sampled is also
called the universe – True/ False.
120. A judgmental sample provides a better
representation of the population than a probability
Sample – True/ False.
121. Non-profitability methods are those in which
the sample units are chosen on purpose –
True/False.
122. The size of sample depends upon the size of
the population – True/ False.
123. A subset of the population is called Sample.
# which of these is not a sampling frame
Thirty students who are surveyed from a class of
150 MBA students
Unit 8:
124. The editing process is carried out at two levels.
The first of these is field editing and the Second is
Central in-house editing.
# Going back to the respondent to check any errors
during questionnaire administration is Known as
Backtracking.
126. The process of identifying and denoting a
numeral to the responses given by a respondent Is
called Coding.
127. In case the question is Likert type question and
it has agreement/disagreement on a five-Point
scale, the number of corresponding columns in the
code book would be One.
128. Backtracking is best suited for industrial
surveys – True/ False.
129. Plug value refers to the fudged value that an
investigator might put for a missing response –
True/ False.
130. The smallest code entry a researcher makes in
a code book is a field – True/ False.
131. Several fields together can be clubbed into a
record – True/ False.
132. In a data matrix, every column represents a
single case – True/ False.
133. All categories formulated for data entry must
be mutually exclusive – True/ False.
# test Tabulation is conducted on open ended
questions false
# for classifying nominal data one can tabulate
using intervals false
134. Numeric data, like the ratio scale data, can be
classified into class intervals.
135. 10-15 years; 16-20 years; 21 years and beyond
is an example of Inclusive class intervals.

Unit 9:
136. To carry out Inferential analysis sample should
be drawn at a random.
137. The positive square root of Variance is called
standard deviation.
138. To compare the variability of two distributions,
Coefficient of variation can be used.
139. In a cross table, the percentages should be
computed in the direction of IndependentVariable.
140. The first step in computing the percentages in
a cross table is to be identify Dependent and
Independent variables.
141. Median can be computed for ordinal scale data
– True/ False.
142. The standard deviation as a measure of
dispersion is independent of units of measurement
–True/ False.
143. The range could be obtained from interval
scale data – True/ False.
144. The coefficient of variation may be computed
for interval scale data – True/ False.
145. High association between two variables does
not imply cause and effects relationship –
True/ False.
Unit 10:
146. The probability of committing a tyle I error is
denoted by Alpha.
147. When population standard deviation is
unknown and sample size is small, a t; test
isAppropriate for testing of mean.x
148. The t distribution is Flatter than normal
distribution.
149. For the application of t distribution, it is
assumed that the size of the sample is small and is
Taken from a Normal population with unknow
standard deviation.
150. When both samples are greater than 30, the
test for equality of means is conducted using ZTest.
151. The estimate if standard error of difference
between two sample proportions is obtained
Under the assumption that Null hypothesis is true.
# the expression °-x=√x is called as standard error
of means
152. The null hypothesis could be specified as H0: p
> 0.22 – True/ False.

153. Accepting null hypothesis when it is false is

called type II error – True/ False.

154. Whenever the degrees of freedom exceed 30,

the t distribution can be approximated by Z

Distribution – True/ False.

155. The sample standard deviation could be used

as an unbiased estimates of the population

Standard deviation – True/ False.

156. The degree of freedom in the two-sample t
test for testing the equality of means is given
The n1 + n2 – 2 – True/ False.
157. An alternative hypothesis while the equality of
two population means could be written as H: µ1 =
µ2 – True/ False.
158. Normal distribution may be used as an
approximation to a binomial distribution whenever
Both np and nq are at least 5, where the notations
have their usual meanings – True/ False.
159. A t test could be used to test for a specified
value of a population proportion – True/ False.
160. An estimate of the combined proportion while
testing for the equality of two population
Proportion is given by the total number of successes
in the two samples divided by the sum Of sizes of
two samples – True/ False.
Unit 11:
161. If there are k categories of data, the degree of
freedom would be K-1.
162. If there are 3 row and 2 columns, the degree of
freedom for chi-square test are 3.
163. The combined estimate of proportion is
obtained under the assumption that is true Null
Hypothesis.
164. For the application of a chi-square test, the
expected frequency in each cell should be at Least
five – True/ False.
165. The sample value of the chi-square can be
negative – True/ False.
166. In a cross-table, where chi-square test is
applied, the null hypothesis is that the two variables
Are related – True/ False.

167. The expected frequencies in a cross-table are

computed under the assumption that null
Hypothesis is true – True/ False.
168. If any cell has a zero frequency, the chi-square
cannot be applied – True/ False.
169. The sum of each row and each column for the
observed and expected frequencies need Not be
equal – True/ False.
170. To test the equality of three population
proportions, the alternative hypothesis is written as
H1=P1=P2=P3 – True/ False.
Unit 12:
171. Completely randomized design involves the
testing of the equality of means of two or more
Groups.

172. In completely randomized design there is one

Dependent variable and IndependentVariable.
173. In a randomized block design, the effect of the
One extraneous variable is removed.
174. In a factorial design, the dependent variable is
the Interval or the ratio scale and there are Two or
more independent variables which are normal
scale.
175. In factorial design, if there are two
independent variables each having three cells, there
Would be a total of Nine interactions.
176. In one-way ANOVA, both the dependent and
the independent variables have metric
Measurements – True/ False.
177. The equality of variances between the sample
and within the samples is compared using An F
statistic of one-way ANOVA – True/ False.
178. In two-way analysis of variance, the effect of
the extraneous factors is removed from the Value
of the error sum of squares as obtained in a one-
way analysis of variance – True/ False.

179. In a factorial design with two independent

variables, one having two categories and Second
having three categories, the total number of
interactions is six – True/ False.
180. In a factorial design, the dependent variable is
either interval or ratio scale, whereas one
Independent variable is interval scale and the other
one is nominal – True/ False.
Unit 13:
181. If the scatter of points is clustered around a
positively sloped line, the correlation will be
Positive.
182. Simple correlation measures the degree of
Association between two variables.
183. The significance of the simple Correlation
coefficient is tested by a t-statistics.
184. The significance of the individual Regression
coefficient is tested by a t-statistics.
185. The simple correlation coefficient r takes
values between -1 and +1 - True/ False.
186. If all scatter of points on the variables X and Y
lie on a positively sloped straight line, then the
correlation coefficient would be +1 - True/ False.
187. The significance of r is tested by the t-statistics
- True/ False.
188. The standard error of the estimate is
independent of the units of measurements - True/
False.
189. The degrees of freedom corresponding to the
residual sum of squares is n-1, where n = size of
sample - True/ False.
190. In multiple regression analysis, there are at
least two independent variables - True/ False.
191. The estimation of multiple regression
coefficient is carried out using the OLS method -
True/ False.
Unit 14:
192. The correlation coefficient between a variable
and a factor is called Factor loading.
193. For the application of factor analysis, KMO
statistics should be greater than 0.5.
194. In discriminant analysis, the dependent
variable is Nominal.
195. The discriminant scores are obtained from Un-
standardized Discriminant function
196. Euclidean distance is the underlying statistics
for cluster analysis.
197. The group that does not fit into any group is
called the Entropy group.
198. The communalities for each of the variable are
greater under varimax rotation - True/ False.
199. The total variance explained by all factors put
together remains unchanged with and
without rotation - True/ False.
200. The percentage of variance explained by each
of the factor can be computed using
communalities - True/ False.
201. Discriminant analysis is used to predict group
membership - True/ False.
202. Eigenvalue is given by the ratio of between-
group variance to within-group variance - True/
False.
203. The higher the value of Wilks lambda, better is
the discriminant model - True/ False.
204. Cluster analysis is a classification technique -
True/ False.
205. The chi-square table is a method of selecting
the significant cluster variates - True/ False.
Unit 15
206 the research report is a concrete proof of the
study that was undertaken
207 when the objective is demonstrate trades and
some sort of pattern in the data a line chart is the
best option available to the researcher
208 the ideal number of lines in a chart is five or
less
209 technical reports have the information related
to technology of the study written in detail false
210 survey reports always have an academic
orientation false
211 the referencing protocol of a footnote and
bibliography is the same false
212 annotated bibliography contains some brief
information about the nature of information sought
from the article true
213 the arrangement of data in a table is usually
done in descending order false
214 the pie chart cannot show change over time as
it simply shows the cross section of a single time
period true
215 reports written for the purpose of recording the
process carried out in terms of scope and
framework of the study are called working papers
216 the title page, followed by the letter of
authorization, acknowledgement, executive
summary and the table of contents are found in the
Preliminary section
217 methodology of research is given in which part
of the report
Main report