Truck Drivers

Guidelines

Land Transport Sector

Safety Department

2019-2020
Index
6 Part One: Important terms for the professional driver.
8 Part Two: General requirements.
12 Part Three: Important instructions and skills for the driver.
16 Part Four: Vehicle inspections.
26 Part Five: Truck dimensions and weights according to Saudi standard specifications.
34 Part Six: Vehicle control instructions and guidance.
38 Part Seven: Planning and monitoring while driving.
42 Part Eight: Road sharing with others and speed management.
44 Part Nine: Safe driving tips.
74 Part Ten: Driver Rights.
48 Part Eleven: Training.

Truck Drivers Guidelines

3
 Inspired by the kingdom’s vision in adopting additional measures in order to ensure
This guideline aims to help you to become a
professional truck driver. Obtaining a driving
'O'
/ I \

Before reading these guidelines

g
traffic safety and minimize the number of accidents and the impacts thereof, and license does not make you an experienced
driver; in fact, it takes years of learning You need to know road rules and regulations in
recognizing the importance of raising awareness among truck drivers in order to general. You may find and review those rules and
and practicing the right driving skills and
minimize the number of accidents and their serious effects on roads, the Transport techniques. So, bear this in mind while driving. regulations via the ministry of interior website.
General Authority has prepared these guidelines for truck drivers, which consists of (Public Security-Traffic Department)
11 Parts: Via
Visiting the website:
This guideline introduces you to some
Part One: Important terms for the professional driver. Or referring to the Traffic Law
regulations and technical skills alongside
Part Two: General requirements. with some important road safety information Issued under Royal Decree No.:
Part Three: Important instructions and skills for the driver. for the safety of truck drivers on roads. Any M/85 Dated 1428/10/26 H
Part Four: Vehicle inspections. conflict with any other laws or regulations,
Part Five: Truck dimensions and weights according to Saudi standard specifications. then the provisions set forth in those laws and
Part Six: Vehicle control instructions and guidance. regulations are to be applied.
Part Seven: Planning and monitoring while driving.
Part Eight: Road sharing with others and speed management.
Truck Drivers
Part Nine: Safe driving tips.
Part Ten: Driver Rights. Always They are professional drivers
Part Eleven: Training. remember: They spend most of their working hours
Driving is your profession On the road, and at different times and
You are a professional conditions
It may be difficult and dangerous.
driver Therefore, these guidelines will help you to
improve your skills
and qualify you to face these challenges. Other
drivers on the road expect you to drive your truck
skewed at all times.
Truck Drivers Guidelines Truck Drivers Guidelines
4 5
 Part One
Important terms for the professional driver
Single freight vehicle: A single motorized vehicle intended for the transport of freight on the roads.
Locomotive: A Truck head (with a towing tray), designed to tow a semi-trailer and not intended to carry weights
other than the part of the semi-trailer located on it.
Semi-trailer: A transport vehicle designed to be paired with a locomotive by a (towing tray), with a part rests on
the locomotive.
Trailer: A transport vehicle designed with no essential part of it is dependent on a locomotive nor single freight
vehicle.
Transport vehicle: A single freight vehicle, locomotive, trailer or semi-trailer.
Truck: Every single freight vehicle or a single freight vehicle towing a trailer, locomotive and semi-trailer, or any
other shape permitted on the road and used to transport freight.
Hazardous Material: Any simple, compound or mixed material or waste, whether natural or manufactured,
that poses a danger to the environment or any of its elements and the living organisms due to its toxicity or its
ability to ignite, explode or corrode, or any of the solid, liquid or gaseous materials that classified as hazardous
materials as per the provisions of international agreements.
Freight: The obligations of the carrier or freight broker, under the carriage contract, that shall be fulfilled to
transport from the consignor to consignee of materials, equipment, goods, animals or other things that are not
prohibited in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
6 7
The Driver: The person who is authorized to drive the truck.
Driving License: An official document issued by the general department of traffic, or a foreign entity recognized for similar
documents, proving that its holder is qualified to drive one or more types of vehicles.
Professional driver card: A document issued by the Authority or any other authorized entity to the driver after passing
the professional competency test.
Dangerous Materials Transport Driver Card: A document issued by the authority or any other authorized entity to the
dangerous material truck driver after passing the competency test in transporting dangerous materials.
Periodic Inspection Centre: A technical inspection centre licensed by the traffic department to periodically conduct a
comprehensive technical inspection on the transport vehicle.
Periodic Technical Inspection Certificate: A document issued by the periodic inspection centre after passing the
inspection requirements.
Professional Competency Test: A test given to the driver to assure his ability of driving a truck with high efficiency and
dealing with materials in a safe manner.
Proficiency Test in Transporting Hazardous Materials: A test given to the driver to assure his ability of driving a
dangerous material truck with high efficiency and deal with dangerous materials in safe manner.
Roadside Technical Inspection: A sudden technical inspection conducted by a service-monitoring officer in a safe area on
the side of the road.
Exceptional load: The truck plus its load, which its weight and/or dimensions exceed the allowed weights and dimensions,
given that the material transported cannot be divided or disassembled for any reason.
Load data: A list of goods loaded on a truck for a single trip, which contains descriptions, numbers, weights, dimensions
of the goods in addition to addresses of consignors and consignees.
Towing Tray: A loop or horizontal section, consisting of two straps that slide over each other, attaching the trailer to the
semi-trailer and designed to support the front side of the semi-trailer while allowing it to move freely in a horizontal
plane.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
 •(
(•
You should make sure that you are free of any chronic diseases that lead to loss of consciousness such as

Part Two First epilepsy, nervous convulsions, or any other diseases that prevent you from driving trucks professionally
and securely.

•l
l•
You should stop driving in situations where you are unable to perform your work professionally such as in
General requirements Second situations like fractures, muscle injuries, wounds, or surgeries until you are completely recovered.

In order to become a professional
Third
driver, you need to read and
(E
E(
After making sure that you are fit to practice the work of a transport driver, apply through the concerned
authorities in order to obtain a driver’s license that matches the size, type, and power of the vehicle in
accordance to the traffic department regulations.

follow the following instructions: After obtaining the appropriate driver's license for the type of vehicle from traffic department, you must
apply for a vocational training in accordance to the regulations regulating the activity of transporting
freight issued by the Transport General Authority in order to be able to obtain one of the following
professional cards:
Fourth A professional driver's card obtained after passing the professional competency test.
A hazardous materials transport driver card obtained after passing the hazardous materials competency
test
For more information, refer to part eleven of these guidelines.

Reviewing and understanding safety manuals approved by the Transport General Authority, and building
Fifth a continuous communication bridge with the authority in order to get all updates about everything a
driver should know through the Transport General Authority approved channels.

Truck Drivers Guidelines Truck Drivers Guidelines

8 9
 Welcome to After becoming an approved ,licensed,
and trained driver on transport vehicles

the world of
driving

This guideline will help you keep your

professional
information uptodate throughout your
career

We hope that you will always be part of

driving the world of professional driving

Truck Drivers Guidelines Truck Drivers Guidelines

10 11

Part Three
Important instructions and skills for the driver
This part will help you
ensuring you enjoy a healthy
fitness to perform your duty,
and provides you with advice
and instructions to raise your
level of attention and focus
while driving.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
12
1- Focus 3- Medications:
The work of the professional driver is a great Some medications may cause
responsibility, and it is very important to always drowsiness or dizziness, so be careful
pay attention to the road and its surprises,
and not to be busy with anything else such as not to drive while taking this type of
the cellular phone; lack of attention for even medication.
a moment can lead to dangerous accidents,
which can result in great loss in souls and
properties. 4- Not using the prohibited stimulant drugs
There are no medically licensed drugs
2- Readiness to drive:
that can help you beat your feeling of
The body usually gets used to sleeping at specific hours and if
tiredness. Some drugs may keep you
you drive during those hours, you may feel tired or sleepy, so,
try to take long trips during the hours you are normally awake
awake for a while, but they will make
you lose your sense of alertness.
at.
Note: Always make sure to get enough
sleep the night or day before the trip,
and never start the trip if you are tired
or sick.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
13
5. Take break periods:
Take break periods
Take short breaks to refresh your body and mind, so make sure to take it if you feel tired and exhausted.
6. Focus on the road:
You shall also abide by the driving hours and daily breaks as approved in the regulation governing the activity of transporting
You can do simple activities to keep your mind alert:
freight in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:
 Read road signs as you approach them.
 You may drive for a maximum of (9) nine hours within (24) twenty four hours, which can be extended to a maximum of (10)
 Open the windows for some time.
ten hours twice a week.
 The maximum weekly driving limit does not exceed (56) fifty six hours, and does not exceed (90) ninety hours during two
consecutive weeks. 7. Pay attention to your food:
 You should stop for a break period of (45) forty five minutes after a continuous driving period of (4.5) four and a half hours. Make sure you eat fresh fruit and vegetable to satisfy your hunger and not to feel lethargic that usually
 The daily break period shall not be less than (11) eleven continuous hours, from the end of the previous break period. follows fatty meals.
 Your weekly break period as a driver must not be less than (48) forty eight consecutive hours, and a maximum of (6) six
consecutive days. 8. Be Relaxed:
 You must adhere to your daily and weekly driving and break hours regardless of the number of trucks you are authorized Feeling relaxed behind the driving wheel gives you more power, focus, and helps you finish your trip safely and
to drive. professionally. While setting behind the driving wheel at the beginning of each trip, and after fastening the
Working hours Break hours seat belt, every driver shall follow the following instructions:

0
11 continuous hours  Sit in your seat with your back and shoulders resting properly on the bench.
9 daily hours 56 48  Before driving, check the cleanness of the inside of your truck and make sure there are no lose stuff such as
weekly hour per day weekly hour beverage cans or anything else.

-� �-
10 hours 90 45 minutes after
maximum twice a
week C)
��
One hour max
In two weeks
driving 4 and a half
hours

_
1 _
:___
__
:__ _1
I I
Driving limit
exceeded
30
min Or
50
Km
Whichever
comes first

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14 15
9- Personal Safety
If your vehicle is parked on the road, get close to the vehicle from the side where you are
facing upcoming traffic.

10- Visual acuity

Visual acuity, the ability of judging from far distances, a good surrounding view, and the ability of
recognizing different colors are very important aspects for the overall driver view requirements.
If you have any problem with your vision, you should seek advice regarding your suitability for
professional driving
It is usually possible to correct the problem or adjust your driving style to compensate so that you can
still drive safely.

There is a common problem older drivers face, which is a decrease in night sight, and one of the most
obvious effects of poor night sight is a decrease in the ability of the eyes to recover from strobe lights,
which is a serious problem for a truck driver who drives long distances at night.

Truck Drivers Guidelines ‫ ليلدلا‬Truck

‫داشرإلا‬Drivers Guidelines
16 17 ‫الدليل اإلرشادي لسائقي الشاحنات‬ ‫يقئاسل ي‬ ‫تانحاشلا‬ 717
1
 There are two types of inspections that you
Keeping your vehicle in good condition
Part Four
must know to avoid any potential dangers
while driving on the road:
As a truck driver, you must perform daily
First: Pre-trip inspection inspections on your vehicle before you drive it.

Vehicle surroundings inspection:

Vehicle inspections You should conduct these inspections every day before you start driving:
1 Walk around the vehicle and check the following points:
A. B.
This part will help you inspect Load
Tilt
your vehicle, and provides Safety

you with tips and instructions (Bending) in the vehicle:

 Trailer doors are closed and locked.
before starting your trip. If the vehicle is titled on one side, the problem may be:
1. Perforated tire.  The dimensions of the load don’t exceed the truck body.

2. The problem could be excessive weights and

 The load is well fixed and all clamps are secured.

incorrect load distribution.

 Turning

The load
off the engine when loading or unloading any hazardous materials.
is well packed and evenly distributed.
3. There might be a failure in the springs or tie rods.
 
 In
an open trailer, the load can be covered. Be sure that you secure the cover
because tarpaulins and unfixed loads can fall and cause accidents.
 Ensure
 that there is no leakage or volatilization of the contents of the load.
Adhering to all requirements and instructions necessary to transport
 
hazardous materials safely.
 Ensure
 that the maximum height from road level of the loaded vehicle does
not exceed the maximum height prescribed by law to avoid hitting low bridges.

18 Truck Drivers Guidelines

  Truck Drivers Guidelines
19
 Here are some loading examples:

Big rocks and stones:

Trucks with hard-ended sides such as tippers should
be used.
  Long-heavy loads:
A long-heavy load may take the weight off the
front wheels, which makes controlling the  
vehicle difficult. Such loads shall be properly
placed and tied.

High loads:
The height of the load must be taken into account
and that it does not pose a danger on the road.
load distribution:
  The load must be distributed evenly so it would
not cause a loss of control over the vehicle or
cause mechanical problems to the vehicle.
 

Small tubes:
When loading small tubes, the vehicle must
 
Long solid tubes:
Ensuring that these tubes are loaded safely without
gaps; such gaps may allow tubes to move, which can
  have sides and a back door.

result in forming a threat on the road. This load must allow the back door to close,
and to be tied securely.

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20 21
 Here are some examples of loading:
Large tubes:
When placing these tubes in the vehicle, such
tubes shall be fixed correctly, securely, and
Containers: C. Leaks
immovable; the upper tubes in the freight shall
Vehicles used to transport containers must be equipped with what is called Check under the vehicle for any signs of oil,
be individually tied.
twisted locks. Containers have special corners that are compatible with the coolant, grease, or fuel leaks.
twisted locks. The container cannot be properly secured unless twisted locks
are used, whether the container is full or empty.
D. Wheels:
2 1 Check for damage on the rim of each wheel.
A bent or damaged rim may allow the tire

Scattered loads:
In some cases it may be necessary to divide the
  to lose pressure, or come off the rim.

loads into two or more groups to be tied securely E. Check the wheel nuts:
If some nuts are missing, the others will
take additional load, which may result in
deformation or breaking.

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22 23
 F. Tires
1. Check for wear or damage to the tire surfaces.
2. Worn or poorly made tires can cause loss of steering control.
3. Never drive the vehicle if there is any general wear or tear on the tires such as
H. Dual wheel spacing: 2 Engine Check
1. Check the space between the wheels A. Fluid Level:
bulges. 2. Stones or mud stuck between the wheels can 1. Check the engine oil.
4. Make sure that tire sizes are suitable to each other on a single axle. harm the wheel balance and damage the tire walls 2. Check the coolant (radiator).
5. Ensure that there is no contact between the tires or between the tires and the and wheel directions. 3. Check the battery fluid, if any.
vehicle body.
4. Check the wind shield washer fluid.
I. Spacing between brake cylinder and wheel: 5. Check all necessary system fluids and add all
G. Tire pressure:
Check the space between the brake cylinder and necessary fluids.
Check tire pressure with a proper pressure gauge and pay attention to the following:
the wheel. Impurities stuck there can damage
1. Low tire pressure on the steering axles makes it difficult to use the steering wheel and causes heat to build up in the tires.
the brake and tire.
B. Electrical System:
1. Check if there are any loose wires, and secure
J. Fuel system:
them before taking off.
1. Ensure that the fuel tanks are tightly closed.
2. Test the fuel caps by hand to make sure they
are closed properly. C. Belts or Pulleys:
3. Make sure the fuel is not leaking. 1. Ensure the safety of the engine and air
conditioner belts.
I H G J F

D. Lastly:
2. Low pressure in dual tires can cause them to rub against each other at the bottom starting a fire or causing an explosion. 1. Securely close the vehicle hood or lower it so
3. Low tire pressure makes it difficult for the vehicle to brake or turn. that it is in its correct position.
4. If the pressure is too high, the tire will wear out more quickly than it should.

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24 25
 1
Inspection in the cockpit:
When entering the vehicle, make
Having all the sure to do the following:
3 Inspection in the cockpit: appropriate safety
When entering the vehicle, make sure to do the equipment: Before powering up the
following: 6
Safety triangle F. Turning on the engine: Before turning on the engine, make sure that:
A. Make sure you have all the appropriate safety The number of
(reflective
equipment. This shall include: fire extinguishers engine, make sure that:
suitable for the triangle) 1. Parking brake is raised.
1. The required number of fire extinguishers is suitable
type of load, 2. Turn on the engine, and leave it idle until the engine
2 for the load type, and the capacities are compatible First aid kit pressure gauge on the dashboard reaches the normal 2
capacity, and
2 with the total gross weight. level. The engine is idle until
Water temperature
22. First aid kit. weight
3. Slightly raise the engine revolutions until the water Parking brake gauge starts
the engine pressure
3. Safety triangle (reflective triangle). temperature gauge starts increasing.. is raised raising up with the
2 gauge on the dashboard
increase of the
reaches the normal level
B. Make sure the seat belt is working properly. G. Tools and Measurements. After turning on the engine revolutions
A properly working seat
belt engine, make sure that all tools and measuring
C. Clean all windows and mirrors and make sure they devices work properly. 7
1. The steering wheel runs smooth and balanced and After turning on the engine,
are not cracked.
there is no resistance or sounds while moving it in any
make sure that all tools and
3 4 direction. Reflectors are visible The horn
D. Make sure the wind shield wipers and washers are 2. The operating and warning lights are working properly. to those coming from measuring devices work
working properly. Cleaning all windows 3. Vehicle lights and all signals are working properly. the back or sides efficiently, including;
Front wiper 4 The interior lights and dashboard lights are working
and mirrors and efficiency properly.
E. Make sure that the mirrors have been adjusted
make sure they are 5. The horn is working.
properly. 6. Brake lights are working properly and visible to those
not cracked
coming from behind. The steering wheel Operating Interior lights Brake lights
7. Reflectors are visible to those coming from behind or runs smoothly, in a lights, vehicle and dashboard are working
5 sides. balanced manner, lights, and all lights and visible to
8. In the event of noticing any of the above, you should with no resistance - lights those coming
Adjusting mirrors not start your trip and take the initiative to fix the issue sounds while moving from behind
as soon as possible.
it

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26 27
 4 Brake system inspection
1. Try driving forward in a lowered
gearbox while keeping the emergency
breaks are on, the vehicle should not
move.
2. Move forward in the first gearbox at
no more than (5) five km/h. Press the
brakes hard, if the brakes are slow to
respond or the vehicle is parked to
one side, then the brakes need to be
Fifth wheel check (towing tray)
brake
 No damage to the fifth wheel. Second: Post-departure inspections (during the trip) cylinders
 Make sure the fifth wheel is bent downward toward the
bottom of the semi-trailer and the wheel jaws are open. 1. Make sure by looking that your load is secure using the side Load temperature
mirrors.
Pneumatic tubes and electric cables 2. At your next stop station, do a quick check around the vehicle.
1. Ensure that the pneumatic tubes and electrical cables are Using your hand, check tire and brake cylinder temperatures.
properly positioned, supported, and will not interfere with 3. Look for smoke or excessive heat from the brake cylinders. Be Tire temperature
each other when connecting the trailer to the locomotive. careful not to burn yourself. You will be able to feel the heat Leaks
coming from the brake cylinders without touching them.

checked by a mechanic.
3. Make sure that the air hoses are not
damaged or leaking and are properly
connected between the locomotive
and the trailer.
5 Connecting the semi-trailer to the
locomotive
When tying the semi-trailer to the
locomotive, you must ensure the following:
Semi-trailer
1. Make sure the load is securely attached.
2. Make sure the mounting pin is not
twisted or broken.
3. Make sure that the pin is installed.
4. No constraints around the trailer.
Locomotive:
1. Make sure the locomotive trailer and semi-trailer are straight.
2. The fifth wheel should be level with the mounting pin.
3. Use the side mirrors to ensure that the locomotive and trailer
are straight.
Connecting the semi-trailer to the locomotive:
1. Be sure that the fifth wheels’ jaws are connected to the
mounting pin.
2. There is no space between the fifth wheel and the semi-
trailer.
3. Make sure the fifth wheel release knob is in locking mode.
4. Make sure electrical cables are connected to all trailer lights.
5. Make sure there is no leakage in the brake system.
4. Look for any tire damage.
5. Look for any fluid leaks that may become apparent.
Measurements to be followed in the event of an accident
In the event of an accident, you must remain calm and
think in order to deal with the situation well, and follow the
following steps:
First step: Secure the accident location:
1. Turn off the vehicle engine.
2. Turn on the hazard warning lights.
3. Place the warning triangle, so it is at a distance of at least
200 meters before the accident site for the safety of yourself
and other road users.
4. If it is not possible to get out of the vehicle, you must remain
in a seated position and not remove the seat belt.
Second step: Informing the concerned authorities:
Call the concerned authorities such as road security, general
department of traffic, fire fighting department, transport
general authority, ambulance if there were injuries.
J
Each time you stop, repeat such
inspections [
Third Step: Providing First Aid:
Once you have secured the scene of the accident and
protected yourself, you must provide first aid.
1. Make sure there are no injuries within the other
vehicle.
2. Use fire extinguishers in the event of a fire.
3. Provide first aid if necessary.
4. In case of severe injuries, you should call an ambulance.
Provide information on the location of the accident, the
number of injured people, the number of death cases,
and information about you personally.

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28 29
 Part Five

Taking into account height consideration

Truck dimensions and weights
The total length of a single truck shall not exceed Taking into account length consideration
(12,50 meters)
For a locomotive and semi-trailer not more than (23
meters)
For a truck and trailer not more than (20 meters) Taking into account the load

The total width of any vehicle shall not exceed (2,6

meters) and the total height should not exceed (4,5
According to the meters) without loads, and (4,8 meters) with loads in
Taking into account axes consideration
Saudi Standard accordance to the traffic regulations

Specifications The gross weight of a single truck, a truck with trailer, a Taking into account width consideration
locomotive, a semi-trailer, or any other allowed shape
shall not exceed (45 tons).

The maximum weight on a one wheel-single steering

axle shall not exceed (8 tons)
and not more than (10) tons for a double wheeled axle
and not more than (13) tons for a single-non steerable
axle.
The maximum weight on the tip of any non steerable
axle shall not exceed (6.5) tons.

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30 31
Vehicle type (single truck): Vehicle type
Two axes 3 axes
(trailer and semi-trailer):
Length Width Height Maximum axial weights in tons Gross Length Width Height Maximum axial weights in tons Gross
(meter) (meter) (meter) weight (meter) (meter) (meter) weight
Axe 1 Axe 2 Axe 1 Axe 2 Axe 3
12.50 2.60 4.50 23 2.60 4.50
8 13 21 8 13 13 34

Vehicle type (single truck): 3 axes Vehicle type

(trailer and semi-trailer): 4 axes

Length Width Height Maximum axial weights in tons Length Width Height Maximum axial weights in tons
(meter) (meter) (meter) Gross (meter) (meter) (meter) Gross
Axe 1 Opposite axes weight Axe 1 Axe 2 Opposite axes weight
Distance in meters Axe 2 Axe 3 Total Distance in meters Axe 3 Axe 4 Total
12.50 2.60 4.50 8 0.09-1 7.35 7.35 14.70 22.70 23 2.60 4.50 8 13 0.09-1 7.35 7.35 14.70 35.70

12.50 2.60 4.50 8 1-1.10 8.05 8.05 16.10 24.10 23 2.60 4.50 8 13 1-1.10 8.05 8.05 16.10 37.10
12.50 2.60 4.50 8 1.10-1.20 8.75 8.75 17.50 25.50 23 2.60 4.50 8 13 1.10-1.20 8.75 8.75 17.50 38.50

12.50 2.60 4.50 8 1.20-1.30 9.45 9.45 18.90 26.9 23 2.60 4.50 8 13 1.20-1.30 9.45 9.45 18.90 39.90
12.50 2.60 4.50 8 1.30-1.35 10.15 10.15 20.30 28.3 23 2.60 4.50 8 13 1.30-1.35 10.15 10.15 20.30 41.30

12.50 2.60 4.50 8 1.35-2.50 10.50 10.50 21 29 23 2.60 4.50 8 13 1.35-2.50 10.50 10.50 21 42

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3223 333
3
 Vehicle type 5 axes
(trailer and semi-trailer): Vehicle type 5 axes
Length Width Height Maximum axial weights in tons (trailer and semi-trailer):
Gross
(meter) (meter) (meter) Maximum axial weights in tons
weight Length Width Height
Axe 1 Axe 2 Opposite axes
(tons) (meter) (meter) (meter)
Distance in meters Axe 1 Front opposite axes Rear opposite axes Gross
Axe 3 Axe 4 Axe 5 Total
weight
23 2.60 4.50 8 13 3 or less 8.70 8.70 8.70 26 45 Axe 2 Axe 3 Total Distance Axe 4 Axe 5 Total
in meters
23 2.60 4.50 8 13 More than 3 10.70 10.70 10.70 32 45
23 2.60 4.50 8 0.09-1 7.35 7.35 14.70 0.09-1 7.35 7.35 14.70 37.40

23 2.60 4.50 8 1-1.10 8.05 8.05 16.10 1-1.10 8.05 8.05 16.10 40.20
Vehicle type 23 2.60 4.50 8 8.75 8.75 17.50 1.10-1.20 8.75 8.75 17.50 43
4 axes 1.10-1.20
(trailer and semi-trailer):
Length Width Height Maximum axial weights in tons 23 2.60 4.50 8 1.20-1.30 9.45 9.45 18.90 1.20-1.30 9.45 9.45 18.90 45
(meter) (meter) (meter) Gross
23 2.60 4.50 8 10.15 10.15 20.30 1.30-1.35 10.15 10.15 20.30 45
Axe 1 Opposite axes Axe 4 weight 1.30-1.35
Distance in meters Axe 2 Axe 3 Total
23 2.60 4.50 8 1.35-2.50 10.50 10.50 21 1.35-2050 10.50 10.50 21 45
23 2.60 4.50 8 0.09-1 7.35 7.35 14.70 13 35.70

23 2.60 4.50 8 1-1.10 8.05 8.05 16.10 13 37.10

23 2.60 4.50 8 1.10-1.20 8.75 8.75 17.50 13 38.50

23 2.60 4.50 8 1.20-1.30 9.45 9.45 18.90 13 39.90

23 2.60 4.50 8 1.30-1.35 10.15 10.15 20.30 13 41.30

23 2.60 4.50 8 1.35-2.50 10.50 10.50 21 13 42

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34 35
 Vehicle type 6 axes
(trailer and semi-trailer):
Length Width Height Maximum axial weights in tons Vehicle type
(meter) (meter) (meter) Gross
(trailer and semi-trailer):
Axe 1 Front opposite axes Rear opposite axes weight Length Width Height Maximum axial weights in tons
(tons) Gross
Distance in Axe 2 Axe 3 Total Distance Axe 4 Axe 5 Axe 6 Total (meter) (meter) (meter)
Axe 1 Axe 2 Axe 3 Axe 4 weight (tons)
meters in meters
20 2.60 4.50
23 2.60 4.50 8 0.09-1 7.35 7.35 14.70 3 or less 8.70 8.70 8.70 26 40.70 8 13 13 13 45

More than 3 10.70 10.70 10.70 32 45

23 2.60 4.50 8 1-1.10 8.05 8.05 16.10 3 or less 8.70 8.70 8.70 26 40.10
More than 3 10.70 10.70 10.70 32 45
23 2.60 4.50 8 1.10-1.20 8.75 8.75 17.50 3 or less 8.70 8.70 8.70 26 43.50
More than 3 10.70 10.70 10.70 32 45
23 2.60 4.50 8 1.20-1.30 9.45 9.45 18.90 3 or less 8.70 8.70 8.70 26 44.9
More than 3 10.70 10.70 10.70 32 45
23 2.60 4.50 8 1.30-1.35 10.15 10.15 20.30 3 or less 8.70 8.70 8.70 26 45
More than 3 10.70 10.70 10.70 32 45
23 2.60 4.50 8 1.35-2.50 10.50 10.50 21 3 or less 8.70 8.70 8.70 26 45

More than 3 10.70 10.70 10.70 32 45

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36 37
  Acceleration skill
 Accelerate smoothly and gradually to avoid shaking the load too much.
 When towing a trailer, the mounting pin or jointing tool can be damaged by
severe acceleration.

J So you have to take into account the types of

[
J surfaces and weather conditions when driving
[
Part Six J [
Sand or gravel Rain and torrents Sandstorm
You should accelerate slower on Rain makes the surfaces of the road more Be careful while driving in
Vehicle control instructions and guidances sand or gravel surfaces. If you
accelerate too much, the wheels
slippery especially when the first drops fall
after a long period of dry weather.
sandstorms, and do not forget
to turn on your warning lights. In

--
will spin quickly, and if you are Slow down gradually. severe sandstorms, you must stop
towing a trailer, they can slide Make sure that the front and side vision is in a safe place until the end of the
Safe operation of trucks, sideways. clear. In case you can’t, stop immediately in a storm.

--
safe place until the vision is clear.
requires special skills in the following areas: Don't forget to turn on the warning lights

----- --- ---

-----
Steering
Acceleration Backward Braking

--- --
skills during
Skill Skill skill
driving

Remember, no matter what vehicle you are driving, all of its working
characteristics can be affected by the load you are carrying, including the
passengers. - - -
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38 39

Steering skills during driving
Truck steering requires more knowledge and skills compared to driving small vehicles
like a car. So, hold the steering wheel well as you may lose control of the steering
wheel unless you hold it with both hands.
Turning right Turning left
Intersection signs are often narrow for larger
vehicles. It is likely that you will have to
close to the curve to make a right turn.
The longer your vehicle is, the more
space you must allow to make a right
turn.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
40
Intersection signs are often narrow for
larger vehicles. It is likely that you will
have to get close to the centre of the
intersection to make a left turn. Note
that the back of your vehicle can hit cars
waiting at the intersection. The longer
your vehicle is, the more space you must
allow to make a left turn
Leaving space when turning at intersections
You need to allow room for the size and weight of your vehicle when you are turning. Remember:
 You need to slow down because you need more space. Moreover, you need a big space in road to turn
into a new street.
 If your vehicle is loaded, it will be slower than when it is empty.
 You need to make sure that there is enough space in the road to enable you to pass your vehicle safely
through the intersection.
Backward skill
You can't see what is behind you directly. So, going backwards is risky.
If you want to go back, make sure you do the following:
 Position your vehicle in a location where the trailer is directly placed behind it, with
all wheels facing forward.
 Avoid sharp turns.
 Go back slowly. This way you can easily correct misdirection and stop quickly.
 Check your road. Check your itinerary before you start.
 Use a person (a guide) to guide you.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
41
 The following table shows some traffic lights:
Stop
Part Seven Stop Pedestrians allowed

Planning and monitoring while driving

No entry Road works
 Looking at the right place at the right  Road traffic
time 1. Watch out the cars entering the
Since you share the road with other drivers, you road ahead, or changing lanes, or
must look around to see what other drivers are making turns. No Parking The road narrows on
doing. You also need to know your vehicle size and
how to deal with it.
2. Watch for other vehicles' both sides
brake indicators and lights or their
unexpected movements.
 Road conditions 3. Pay special attention to
pedestrians crossing the road ahead. Trucks not allowed Overtaking is
Watch out for turns, merged lanes, potholes,
slippery surfaces, sand, and stray animals. Try to be
4. Avoid traffic jams and residential areas when transporting prohibited for trucks
aware of road surface conditions and adapt your hazardous materials.
driving style to those conditions. Know the size of 5. Stay away from sources of ignition especially when
your vehicle and how to handle it. transporting hazardous materials.
6. Adhere to the permitted periods of entry to the cities.

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42 43
 Blind Spots (Blind Points) Changing tracks
You need to look at If you want to get back on your track after passing
The following table shows some traffic lights: the side mirror often another vehicle, the extra length of your truck
when overtaking other makes it difficult for you to judge whether you
vehicles, but there are should change tracks safely.
some blind spots that You should follow the following tips:
The road narrows mirrors can't help you 1. When you are in doubt, leave a room for a
Slippery road with. As a professional plenty of space and time.
from the left truck driver, you have to be aware of your vehicle's 2. Use the vehicle's side mirrors to ensure that
dimensions and stay alerted with the help of side you can see the vehicle behind before you

Taking into account

mirrors while keeping in mind driving blind spots return to your original track
The road narrows when overtaking other vehicles.

the height
Highway The space (emptiness) above your vehicle
from the right Know the height of your vehicle and your load. Be
Drive in the centre of your track and stick careful when driving under trees, bridges, overhead
to the right lane lights, traffic lights, power lines and other wires.
To keep a safe space on both sides of your vehicle,
Maximum speed Dangerous slope drive in the center of your track and stick to the

Taking into account

80 km/h right lane.

the height
Remember the length of your vehicle
Be careful of oncoming traffic on the street you are
Right turn Left turn turning into. Pay attention to the rear side of your
vehicle when turning into the intersection. Use
your right mirror to ensure that you will pass away
from poles and cars

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44 45
 Always
remember:
Driving is your profession
You are a
professional driver

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46 47

Part Eight
Road sharing with others and speed management
Courtesy in driving
1- Roads exist for all drivers. You always have to show courtesy
and patience to other drivers.
2- Give drivers behind you as much warning as possible of your
intentions to slow down or stop by using your brake lights
and warning lights.
3- You should not drive too close behind another vehicle since
it creates a disturbance in other vehicles’ flow; this act is also
considered as an aggressive behavior.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
48
Informing other drivers of your presence
Make sure that other drivers know where you are when things
like the following happen:
1- Another driver unexpected turn: Although this is a bad
practice in driving, but it happens. So be prepared to react
quickly. If necessary, use the horn and warning lights
to alert those behind or next to you.
2- Trouble in sight: During sandstorms, rain, or bad weather,
visibility can be just as difficult for trucks as any other vehicle.
You must park at the side of the road in the designated parking
spaces until sight is clear.
3- Parking at the side of the road: You must stop your vehicle
only in designated places if found, or in places where you would
not obstruct other road traffic.
4- If your vehicle breaks down: There are guidelines to follow:
- During the day: Use the reflective triangles and warning lights
- At night: Make sure all lights are on, and use the reflective
triangles and warning lights.
Then, you should follow the following:
In case you are able to move the vehicle to the side of the road
After moving the vehicle to the side of the road to avoid accidents, put
adequate safety measures in place
- Warning triangle at a distance of no less than 200 meters from the
vehicle.
- Turning warning lights on.
Call Road Safety on (996) if you are on the highways.
and call Traffic Department on (993) if you are inside the city.
In case of any injuries, call the Red Crescent on (997)
If the malfunction is minor, you should take the needed measures to fix
it as much as possible.
In case that you are not able to move the vehicle to the side of
the road
To avoid accidents, you must quickly take the safety measures:
- Warning triangle at a distance of no less than 200 meters from the
vehicle.
- Turning the warning lights.
- Placing a reflective tape from the warning triangle to the vehicle.
- Put any other distinctive sign to point out to other vehicles that you
are in trouble.
Stand behind the vehicle to inform other drivers that there is a problem,
and it is preferable to wave using a piece of cloth, and avoid standing in
front of the vehicle
Call Road Safety on (996) if you are on the highways.
and Call Traffic Department on (993) if you are inside the city.
In case of any injuries, please call the Red Crescent on (997).
Truck Drivers Guidelines
49
 Speed management Turns
Make sure not to leave Make sure that towing a broken Speed management is one of the important parts of safe driving.
There is a clear connection between speed and accidents.
anything that might vehicle or trailer is done by an Good drivers can reduce this risk by choosing:
constraints road users appropriate method that does  Driving more slowly.
 Checking the road ahead of them for potential risks.
or cause dangers to not pose danger to the safety  Increasing the distance between them and the vehicle in
others after leaving the of the road and its users. front of them.
 Staying behind instead of a wrong overtaking.
place.  Always drive at a speed that gives them enough time to stop.

Be careful not to use Ensure that a broken

ropes or chains and the
like for towing purposes
on public roads.
vehicle is towed to the The faster you go, the harder the turn and the greater the chance
nearest location where it of an accident. Adjust your speed before entering a turn to avoid
vehicle or load sliding.
can be fixed.
Changing the tires (Wheels)
When changing tires, you must do the following:
1. Getting as far away from the road as possible.
2. Be extremely cautious when changing tires on the left side of
the vehicle if you are close to traffic on the road.
3. Use hazard warning lights and warning triangles.

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50 51
 The list below outlines some important driving tips to remember:
Part Nine
Know your vehicle -
height, weight, and
Safe Driving tips maximum load.
The purpose of this guideline Keep your vehicle
in good mechanical
is to help you become a condition. Carry
out a daily vehicle
professional and responsible inspection.
truck driver. Driving heavy
vehicles is not easy, and it Leave enough
takes time and practice to distance between
you and the vehicle
become a good driver. in front of you.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
52
Do not exceed the
vehicle load limits. Make
sure that the vehicle you
are driving is suitable for
the load.
Plan your trip in
advance. Allow enough
time to reach your
destination. Do not rush.
Do not be under the
influence of drugs and
stimulants when driving.
Speed contributes to
almost 80% of all accidents
Change the driving to
suit weather conditions.
Driving in rain and floods is
not the same as driving in
sandstorms.
Expect mistakes from road
users.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
53
 The list below outlines some important driving tips to remember: The list below outlines some important driving tips to remember:

Fix the load so that it Plan and turn on

Plan your trip in advance.
does not move or fall Observe the cars warning signs early
Allow enough time to
while you are driving entering the road when you intend
Follow all traffic reach your destination. Do
Do not exceed the ahead, changing lanes, to change tracks or
signals and signs. not rush.
speed limit. or making turns. overtaking.

Keep your vehicle

in good mechanical Exceeding the speed Whenever you stop, Stay prepared! Take
Fasten your safety
condition. Carry limit increases the If possible, avoid make sure the load is still a break whenever
seat belt (every trip).
out a daily vehicle likelihood of an driving at night. securely attached. possible.
inspection. accident.

Adapt your speed to You must drive at a speed

Never try to outrun Look at the following that will allow you to stop
how far you can see. Take advantage of table to see the within the distance you can
your vehicle's height traffic signals.
difference between see ahead.
to see ahead. the sight distance and
the stopping distance

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54 55
 Stopping distances for different speeds assuming the road is dry, the tires are valid to be used on the road,
and the driver is healthy and attentive:
Remember that there are some prohibited behaviours for truck drivers, including:
Speed (km/h) Distance travelled before reaction (m) Distance travelled after reaction (m) Total stopping distance (m)
20 km/h 14 9 23
40 km/h 26 27 53
60 km/h 42 56 98  Transporting passengers on trucks.
80 km/h 56 102 158
 Transporting objects over tanks that carry flammable materials.
These numbers are based on a research on the capabilities of a normal driver.  Opening
 the tank taps, leaking their contents, or not tightening their covers while
going on public roads.
The distance travelled during braking and the total stopping distance will vary
according to the conditions. This means to you, that the faster you drive, the  Non-compliance
 by trucks tippers and the like with the right lane unless another lane
is specified otherwise..
more time and distance you have to allow before you can stop.
 Non-compliance
 with the times allowed for entering and exiting the city.

Example: If your speed is 20 km/h

 Using
 alarm devices when not necessary, or in a way that disturbs pedestrians or
the public, or using a multi-tone sound alarm, or which that emits melodies or other
then: sounds inconsistent with the purpose of the alarm devices.
Distance travelled before reaction
+
  Spitting
 or throwing waste of any kind on the public road.

Distance travelled after reaction   Adding

 something that increases the sound of the engine.
=
Total stopping distance
14 + 9 = 23
A driver travelling at 20 km/h needs
23 meters to stop.

65 Truck Drivers Guidelines Truck Drivers Guidelines 757

5
56
 Part Ten Driver’s rights The Transport General Authority also
encourages truck drivers to report any

Driver’s rights A driver of hazardous material has the right to refrain from loading a channels
and rear of the vehicle.
The driver has the right to refrain from carrying excess loads that do

The Transport a permit.

General Authority is
vehicle, driver’s license, professional driver’s card or driver’s card for he records while driving, regarding safety
keen to preserving
load, transport document, rental contract for each transport vehicle,
drivers’ rights and the insurance document, and any other documents) expired or not through the following channels:
applicable.
A driver has the right to refrain from driving a vehicle with faulty Call centre: ١٩٩٢٩
headlights, leaking exhaust systems, improper brake pressure or
safety throughout the
following: The driver has the right to refuse to drive in dangerous weather and

period hours.

Truck Drivers Guidelines Truck Drivers Guidelines

٥٨ ٥٩
 Driver competency training contains at least the
following:
1. Operation technical parameters and aspects:
A. Rules and specifications related to transport vehicle
weights and dimensions, and the procedures to be
Part Eleven
followed in the case of transporting exceptional load.
B. Truck compatibility with the transported load nature.
C. Registration and technical inspection related procedure.
D. Measures to be taken to reduce noise, rationalize fuel
consumption, and combat air pollution.
E. Regular maintenance plans for the truck and its
Training equipment.
2. Land transport operations’ requirements:
A. Goods handling, equipment loading and unloading, and
load distribution and classification on trucks.
B. General principles on the requirements of dangerous
goods and waste transport.
C. Requirements for perishable material shipments
transportation.
D. Requirements for the transportation of live animals,
refrigerated materials, vehicles, equipment, and
containers.
E. Transport documents required for truck transport, and
the mechanism for dealing with them in internal and
international transport operations.
60
3. General road safety requirements:
A. Necessary qualifications for safe driving.
B. Compliance with traffic rules, road manners and periods
of prohibition from entering cities.
C. Procedures to be followed in the event of an accident
and how to prevent and reduce its recurrence. The
concerned authorities in each case, communicating
with them, and traffic violations especially those that
endanger public safety.
D. Procedures to properly fix the goods and safe installation
techniques.
E. Daily and weekly driving and break periods.
4. Bearing in mind the above, training for competency
in transporting hazardous materials includes - at a
minimum - the following:
A. Types of hazardous materials, their degree of danger,
signs and labels, and where they are placed on the truck.
B. Safety precautions to be followed during loading,
transporting, unloading, and packaging operations.
C. Means of transportation appropriate to the nature
of hazardous materials being transported, safety
equipment and the documents that must be provided in
transportation operations.
D. Actions to be taken during danger and upon the
occurrence of accidents of hazardous materials, the
concerned authorities in each case, and communicating
with them.
Truck Drivers Guidelines
61
 To apply for the appropriate program,
and get the training needed in order to For all your comments or suggestions:
complete your joining process into the Please contact us by sending an email to:
world of professional truck drivers,
You have to visit the authority's website
and complete the application process. 19929@tga.gov.sa

tga.gov.sa

For assistance and safety inquiries:

Please call the number:

19929

References:

-٣ Dimensions and weights of trucks according to the Saudi Standard (Standard ٢٠٠٨/٤٦٩).

-٥ A guide to safe driving. Roads and Transport Authority - Government of Dubai.

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 Truck Drivers Guidelines
٤٤